DIRANA User Manual
DIRANA User Manual
Article Number: VESD0800 - Manual Version: DIRANA.AE.3 This manual refers to the DIRANA software version 1.6. © OMICRON electronics 2010. All rights reserved. This manual is a publication of OMICRON electronics GmbH. All rights including translation reserved. Reproduction of any kind, for example, photocopying, microfilming, optical character recognition and/or storage in electronic data processing systems, requires the explicit consent of OMICRON electronics. Reprinting, wholly or in part, is not permitted. The product information, specifications, and technical data embodied in this manual represent the technical status at the time of writing and are subject to change without prior notice. We have done our best to ensure that the information given in this manual is useful, accurate and entirely reliable. However, OMICRON electronics does not assume responsibility for any inaccuracies which may be present. The user is responsible for every application that makes use of an OMICRON product. OMICRON electronics translates this manual from the source language English into a number of other languages. Any translation of this manual is done for local requirements, and in the event of a dispute between the English and a non-English version, the English version of this manual shall govern.
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Contents
Contents Using This Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Operator Qualifications and Safety Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Conventions and Symbols Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Safety Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Orderly Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 1.1
Frequency Domain Spectroscopy Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2
Polarization and Depolarization Current Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.3
The DIRANA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.3.1 Connectors and Operating Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.3.2 Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.3.3 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2
3
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 2.1
Installing t he DIRANA Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2
Powering the DIRANA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.3 2.4
Connecting the DIRANA to the Computer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Connecting the DIRANA to a Test Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
The DIRANA Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 3.1
Main Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.1.7 3.1.8
3.2
Measurements Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Attachments Pane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Numeric Display Pane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Graphical View Pane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Status Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Setting the Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Configuring the Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 3.2.1 Specifying the Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 3.2.2 Setting the Measurement Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
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DIRANA User Manual
3.3
Moisture Assessment Window. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
3.4
Advanced Assessment Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3.4.1 Model Curve Data Pane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 3.4.2 Graphical View Pane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
3.5
Processing the Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3.5.1 Opening and Saving the Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3.5.2 Importing and Exporting the Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 3.5.3 Removing the Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.6 3.7
4
Copying and Saving the Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Advanced Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Measuring with the
DIRANA .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.1
Connected Measurements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.2
Disconnected Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.3
Assessing the Moisture Content of the Power Transformer Insulation . . . . . . . 66 4.3.1 Assessment with the Moisture Assessment Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 4.3.2 Assessment with the Advanced Assessment Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4.4
5
6
Comparing the Measurement Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Application Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 5.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.2
Preparing the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5.3
Putting the DIRANA into Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
5.4 5.5
Connecting th e DIRANA to the Transformer's Terminals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Performing the Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
5.6
Interpreting the Measurement Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Contact Information / Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
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Using This Manual
Using This Manual This User Manual provides information on how to use the DIRANA dielectric response analyzer for insulation diagnosis safely, properly, and efficiently. The DIRANA User Manual contains important safety instructions for working with the DIRANA , gets you familiar with operating the DIRANA , and provides a typical application example. Read and observe the safety rules described in "Safety Rules" on page 7 and all relevant installation and operation instructions. Following theand instructions in this down User Manual you to prevent danger, repair costs, avoid possible time duehelps to incorrect operation. The DIRANA User Manual always has to be available at the site where the DIRANA is used. It must be read and observed by all users of the DIRANA . Reading the DIRANA User Manual alone does not release you from the duty to comply with all national and international safety regulations relevant to working on the high-voltage power equipment.
Operator Qualifications and Safety Standards Working on the high-voltage power equipment can be extremely dangerous. Measuring with the DIRANA must be carried out only by qualified, skilled, and authorized personnel. Before starting to work, clearly establish the responsibilities. Personnel receiving training, instructions, directions, or education on the DIRANA must be under constant supervision of an experienced operator while working on the high-voltage power equipment. Measuring with the DIRANA must comply with the relevant national and international safety standards: •
EN 50191 (VDE 0104) "Erection and Operation of Electrical Test Equipment"
•
EN 50110-1 (VDE 0105 Part 100) "Operation of Electrical Installations"
•
IEEE 510 "IEEE Recommended Practices for Safety in High-Voltage and High-Power Testing"
Moreover, observe all applicable regulations for accident prevention in the country and at the site of operation.
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DIRANA User Manual
Conventions and Symbols Used In this manual, the following symbols indicate paragraphs with special safety relevant meaning: S y mb ol
Description Caution: Equipment damage or loss of data possible
Warning: Personal injury or death of the operating staff or severe damage to objects possible
6
Safety Rules
Safety Rules Before operating the DIRANA dielectric response analyzer, read the instructions in this section carefully. If you do not understand some safety rules, contact OMICRON electronics before proceeding. When working with the DIRANA , observe the following safety rules. Maintenance and repair is only permitted by qualified experts either at the factory or certified external repair centers.
General Before connecting any test leads to a test object, always observe the five safety rules: •
Disconnect completely
•
Secure from reconnection
•
Verify that the installation is dead
•
Carry out grounding and short-circuiting
•
Provide protection against adjacent live parts
Do not touch any terminals without a visible connection to ground. Before handling the DIRANA in any way, connect its equipotential ground terminal with a solid con nection of at least 6 mm 2 cross-section to the ground terminal of the high-voltage power equipment under test. Do not open the DIRANA ’s housing. Do not repair, modify, extend, or adapt the DIRANA or any accessories. Use only srcinal accessories available from OMICRON electronics. Use the DIRANA and its accessories only in a technically sound condition and when its use is in accordance with the regulations. In particular, avoid disruptions that could in turn affect safety.
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DIRANA User Manual
Operation Before operating the DIRANA , ground it as described in "General" earlier in this section. Ensure that the ground terminal of the test object is in good condition, clean, and free of oxidation. Before handling the DIRANA in any way, ground the test object well. Always turn off the DIRANA with the power switch before connecting or disconnecting any cable. Do not connect any cable to the test object without a visible grounding of the test object. Never remove any cables from the DIRANA or the test object during a test.
Orderly Measures The DIRANA User Manual or the e-book version of the manual has always to be available on the site where the DIRANA is being used. All users of the DIRANA must read and observe the safety rules described in this section and all relevant installation and operation instructions. The DIRANA may be used only as described in this User Manual. Any other use is not in accordance with the regulations. The manufacturer and the distributor are not liable for damage resulting from improper usage. The user alone assumes all responsibility and risk. Full compliance with the regulations also includes following the instructions provided in this User Manual.
Disclaimer If the DIRANA is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the DIRANA may be impaired.
8
Introduction
1
Introduction During the service life of the high-voltage equipment such as power transformers, rotating machines, and cables, its insulation system is subjected to numerous stresses including high temperatures, vibration, electric fields, and exposure to moisture, oxygen, acids, and other chemical contaminants. As a result, a gradual loss in mechanical and dielectric properties will eventually compromise the equipment's reliability. The degradation is primarily a chemical process that isMoisture substantially accelerated by heat and the presence of oxygen and moisture. is particularly detrimental to paper and is a good aging indicator. The insulation system of the high-voltage equipment can be described by a dielectric model consisting of resistances and capacitances in series and parallel, representing the polarization and conductive losses in the insulation. The dielectric response is so a unique characteristic of the particular insulation system. The increased moisture content of the insulation results in a changed dielectric model and, consequently, in a changed dielectric response. By measuring the dielectric response of the equipment in a wide frequency range, the moisture content can be assessed and the insulation condition diagnosed. For the dielectric response analysis, the DIRANA deploys the frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS) and the polarization and depolarization current (PDC) methods.
1. 1
Frequency D omain S pectroscopy M ethod By using the frequency domain spectroscopy (FDS), the dissipation factor of the insulation system under test is measured by frequency sweep. The FDS allows fast measurements at high frequencies but requires long measurement times at frequencies down to 0.1 mHz.
1. 2
Polarization and Depolarization Current Method In the polarization and depolarization current (PDC) method, a DC voltage is applied to the insulation system under test for a specific time and the polarization current is measured. After then, the insulation system is shortened and the depolarization current is measured. From the polarization and depolarization currents the dielectric response is evaluated and the dissipation factor frequency characteristic is calculated. The PDC method is much faster than the FDS at very low frequencies, but the upper frequency is limited due to the finite rise time of the DC pulses.
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DIRANA User Manual
1. 3
The DIRANA The DIRANA combines the FDS and PDC measurements to get the advantages of both methods. At high frequencies, the dissipation factor is measured with the FDS while at low frequencies, the results obtained by measuring the polarization current are transformed into the frequency domain and the dissipation factor frequency characteristics are calculated. This unique concept facilitates the dissipation factor measurements within a very wide frequency range. By comparing the dielectric response with the previous measurements or with the model curves based on the insulation system’s construction, the DIRANA provides an indication of the insulation condition such as: •
Moisture content in the oil/paper insulation
•
Faults in OIP, RBP, and RIP high-voltage bushings
•
Faults in the generator, motor, and cable insulation
The following figure shows a typical dissipation factor frequency characteristic of a power transformer showing the frequency ranges relevant to the insulation diagnosis.
High r o c a n o
Oil conductivity
a p s s
Low High Low
High
Moisture in cellulose Low
Frequency [Hz]
Figure 1-1
10
Typical dissipation factor characteristic of a power transformer
Introduction
The DIRANA is a dielectric response analyzer for the insulation diagnosis within the frequency range as wid e as 0.05 mHz…5 kHz. The underlying concept – combined FDS and PDC methods – makes the DIRANA an intelligent, fast, and powerful solution for the insulation diagnosis of the high-voltage equipment in the power industry such as power transformers, rotating machines, and cables. The DIRANA is controlled by the DIRANA software running on a computer connected to the DIRANA by USB interface. The DIRANA software combines seamlessly the FDS and PDC methods and merges the results, allowing you to work only in the frequency domain. The DIRANA provides two measurement channels for independent simultaneous measurements and can be operated connected to or disconnected from the computer. In the disconnected operating mode, you can make measurements without connection to the computer or disconnect the computer during a measurement. In both operating modes, the measurement results are stored in the DIRANA and can be exported to your computer for further processing and documentation. The DIRANA software provides an automatic procedure for assessing the moisture content of the power transformer insulation based on fitting the measurement results with a collection of model curves for common insulation system’s constructions.
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DIRANA User Manual
1.3.1
Connectors and O perating C ontrols The DIRANA provides the following connectors and operating controls. On the front panel: •
OUTPUT connector (signal source output)
•
I/0 switch to start and to stop measurements in the disconnected mode
•
CH 1 connector (channel 1 input)
• •
CH 2 connector (channel 2 input) Guard connector for connecting the guard cable
•
Green LED indicating that the power switch is on
•
Two yellow LEDs indicating the channel 1 and channel 2 activity: If measuring with one channel, the blinking yellow LED next to the active channel signals that measurement results are available in the DIRANA . If measuring with two channels, the yellow LEDs blinking concurrently signal that measurement results are available in the DIRANA . (Typically after a disconnected measurement or after startup when no computer is connected.) The yellow LEDs blinking alternately signal an error during a measurement. In the disconnected mode, after a computer has been connected to the DIRANA, the error information is sent to the computer and the LEDs switch over to continuous lighting.
•
Red LED indicating dangerous voltage on the O UTPUT connector: The red LED is blinking during a measurement. The red LED lights continuously for approximately 10 s to depolarize the test object after a measurement has been stopped by the DIRANA software, manually, or due to an error.
Warning: The voltage on the OUTPUT connector can cause injury or possibly death of the operating staff. Do not touch the OUTPUT connector when the red LED lights continuously or blinks. OUTPUT
I/0 switch
CH 1
CH 2
Guard RedLED
Figure 1-2
12
GreenLED
Front view of the DIRANA
YellowLED
YellowLED
Introduction
On the rear panel: •
Power switch
•
DC power input
•
Equipotential ground terminal
•
5 V DC output
•
USB connector power npu
Power switch
Figure 1-3
Equipotential ground terminal
o u pu
USB connector
Rear view of the DIRANA
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DIRANA User Manual
1.3.2
Delivery The DIRANA delivery includes:
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DIRANA
AC power supply
Power cable
Grounding cable (GR/YE) 6 m/20 ft, 6 mm2 with clamp
USB 2.0 A/A cable 1.8 m/6 ft
USB 2.0 A/B cable 1.8 m/6 ft
50 triaxial cable 18 m/60 ft (red)
50 triaxial cable 18 m/60 ft (blue)
50 triaxial cable 18 m/60 ft (yellow)
Introduction
3 × Cable adapter triaxial 3 × laboratory cab le connector-banana plugs 6 m/20 ft, 2.5 mm 2 with banana plugs
3 × 50 triaxial cable 1.5 m/5 ft
Screwclamp
3×M easuring clamp with triaxial and guard connections
3 × Connection clamp with banana plugs
Crocodile clamps with banana socket
Terminal adapter with banana socket
Soft bag
Transport case
DIRANA User Manual
DIRANA CD-ROM
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DIRANA User Manual
Note: The e-book version of the DIRANA User Manual is available in the Documentation folder on the DIRANA CD-ROM.
1.3.3
Cleaning Warning: Prior to cleaning, always disconnect the DIRANA .
To clean the DIRANA , use a cloth dampened with isopropanol alcohol or water.
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Installation
2
Installation Before putting the DIRANA into operation, check the environmental and power requirements (see 6 "Technical Data" on page 87 ).
2. 1
Installing the
DIRANA
Software
For the minimum requirements your computer needs to run the DIRANA software, see Table 6-2 "Computer Requirements" on page 88. Note: Install the DIRANA software before connecting the DIRANA to the computer. To install the DIRANA software, put the delivered DIRANA CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive and follow the instructions on the screen.
2. 2
Powering the
DIRANA
To power the DIRANA using the delivered AC power supply: 1. Plug the DC output connector of the AC power supply into the DC power input on the DIRANA rear panel (see Figure 1-3 "Rear view of the DIRANA" on page 13). 2. Connect the AC power supply with the power cable. 3. Plug the mains plug of the power cable into the power outlet. 4. Press the power switch on the DIRANA rear panel.
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DIRANA User Manual
2. 3
Connecting the
DIRANA
to the Computer
The DIRANA communicates with the computer through USB interface (see Table 6-2 "Computer Requirements" on pag e 88). To connect the DIRANA to the computer: 1. Connect the USB 2.0 A/B cable to the USB connector on the DIRANA rear panel.
DIRANA
USB connector
USB cable
Figure 2-1
Connecting the USB cable
2. Guide the USB cable to the front of the transport case. Note: Ensure not to crush the cables when closing the transport case.
18
Installation
3. Connect the USB cable on the front of the transport case to the USB connector of your computer by using the USB 2.0 A/A cable.
USB 2.0 A/A cable
Figure 2-2
2. 4
Connecting the DIRANA with the computer by using the USB 2.0 A/A cable
Connecting the
DIRANA
to a Test Object
Warning: Working on the high-voltage equipment can be extremely dangerous. Before connecting the DIRANA to a test object, observe the five safety rules (see "Safety Rules" on page 7) and all additional relevant laws and internal safety standards. For measuring with the DIRANA , connect the DIRANA to the test object according to the connection diagram provided by the DIRANA software (see 3.2.1 "Specifying the Measurements" on page 43) by using the accessories delivered with the DIRANA (see 1.3.2 "Delivery" on page 14). For detailed information on connecting the DIRANA to a power transformer, see 5.4 "Connecting the DIRANA to the Trans former's Terminals" on page 77 .
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DIRANA User Manual
20
The DIRANA Software
3
The
DIRANA
Software
To start the DIRANA software, double-click the DIRANA i con on the desktop. When starting the DIRANA software for the first time after the installation, the Welcome dialog box appears.
Figure 3-1
Welcome dialog box
With the default option selected, you can do all the insulation diagnosis measurements required in the everyday practice. Click I am an expert, show me everything only if you are an expert user and you want to use the DIRANA in an advanced way. For information about the advanced features of the DIRANA software, see 3.7 "Advanced Options" on pag e 61.
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DIRANA User Manual
3. 1
Main Window After starting the DIRANA software, the main window opens. The main window has four panes: the measurements pane, the attachments pane, the numeric display pane, and the graphical view pane. To resize the panes, click between the panes to make the split bar visible, and then drag the split bar. Numeric display pane
Measurements pane
Graphical view pane
Toolbar
Cursor
Attachments pane
Figure3 -2
Status bar
The DIRANA software main window
Note: By default, the numeric display pane is displayed. To hide the numeric display pane, click the Values Table t oolbar button or Values Table on the View menu.
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The DIRANA Software
3.1.1
Measurements Pane The measurements pane of the main window displays the collection of measurements available in the DIRANA and the editable data of the selected measurement. The following table describes the measurement data. Table 3-1
Measurement Data
D at a
D e s c r i p ti o n
Display
Select the check box to display the measurement results. FDS measurement completed FDS and PDC measurements completed PDC data is being converted to frequency domain Imported measurement
State
Measurement is running Measurement is configured but no measurement results are available (for example, when using a template) Name of the measurement
Name1 1
Date/Time
Date and time the measurement was performed
Moisture
Moisture content assessed by the measurement
Category Oil Conductivity
Moisture content category Calculated value of the oil conductivity after assessment
Assessment
Signals the completeness of the measurement data for assessment by the width of the colored bar.
Mode1
UST (Ungrounded specimen test) GST (Grounded specimen test) GSTg (Grounded specimen test with guard)
Tester1
Name of the tester(s)
FDS Voltage
Maximum FDS output peak voltage (see 3.2 "Configuring the Measurements" on page 42)
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DIRANA User Manual
Table 3-1
Measurement Data (continued)
D a ta
Description
PDC Voltage
Maximum PDC output voltage (see 3.2 "Configuring the Measurements" on page 42)
Switch Frequency
Frequency below which the P DC method is us ed
Test Object Serial1
Serial number of the test object
DIRANA Serial
Serial number of the DIRANA device (displayed after the measurement has been finished)
1.
Editable data
You can edit some measurement data after the measurement was done. To edit the measurement data, select the measurement in the list, and then enter the data in the respective box. You can enter data for more measurements at once by selecting the measurements in the usual Windows manner. By using the measurements pane’s shortcut menu, you can perform operations on the measurements. To open the shortcut menu, right-click the measurement collection.
Figure 3-3
Measurements pane’s shortcut menu
Note: You can access all commands available on the measurements pane’s shortcut menu also by using the Measurements menu. The Measurem ent Configuration command opens the Measurem ent Configuration window. For more information, see 3.2 "Configuring the Measurements" on page 42.
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The DIRANA Software
By using the Add New Template command, you can configure a measurement template. To configure a measurement template: 1. Do one of the following: •
Right-click the measurement collection, and then click Add New Template.
•
On the Measurement menu, click Add New Template.
2. In the Measurement Configura tion window, configure a measurement which you want to use as a template (see 3.2 "Configuring the Measurements" on page 42). The measurement template appears in the measurement collection. After configuring a measurement template, you can start a measurement with the template configuration. With the Use as Template (Repeat Measure ment) command, you can configure a measurement template based on a measurement included in the measurement collection. To configure a measurement template based on a measurement, right-click the measurement on which you want to base the template, and then click Use as Template (Repeat Measurem ent) . The measurement template appears in the measurement collection. By using the Start Measurement command, you can send the measurement sequence to the DIRANA and start the measurement. By using the Stop Measurement command, you can stop a running measurement. By using the Disconnected Measurem ents command, you can perform DIRANA disconnected measurements from on thepage computer. information, seewith 4.2 the "Disconnected Measurements" 64. For more
By using the Measurement and Assessment Assistant command, you can start the Measurement and Assessment Assistant which guides you through the measurement procedure. To perform a measurement with the Measurement and Assessment Assistant: 1. Right-click the measurement collection area, and then cl ick Measurement and Assessment Assistant. 2. Follow the instructions on the screen. Note: You can start the Measurement and Assessment Assistant also by clicking the Measurement and Assessment Assistant toolbar button . The Assessment command opens the Moisture Assessment window or the Advanced Assessment window depending on the option selected on the Assessment tab of the Options dialog box (see 3.1.8 "Setting the Options" on page 37). To open the Moisture Assessment window or the
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Advanced Assessment window independent of the Options dialog box settings, right-click the measurement you want to assess, point to Assessment, and then click Moisture Assessment or Advanced Assessment. For more information, see 3.3 "Moisture Assessment Window" on page 48 and 3.4 "Advanced Assessment Window" on page 53 . By using the Import Measurements command, you can import measurement results in different formats. For more information, see 3.5.2 "Importing and Exporting the Measurements" on page 58. By usingFor themore Export Measurements command, you can export measurement results. information, see 3.5.2 "Importing and Exporting the Measurements" on page 58. By using the Display command, you can display and hide measurement results. To toggle between the displayed and hidden states, right-click the measurement which you want display or hide, and then click Display. Note: You can display and hide measurement results also by using the Display check box. By using the Change Color command, you can change the display color of the measurement results. To change the color of a curve: 1. Right-click the measurement the display color of whic h you want to chang e, and then click Change Color. 2. In the Color dialog box, select the color. Note: You can change the color of more displayed curves at once by selecting the respective measurements in the usual Windows manner, and then proceeding as described earlier in this section. By using the Select All command, you can select all measurements in the measurement collection. By using the Toggle Selection command, you can invert the measurement selection. By using the Select Both Channels command, you can select the measurements done simultaneously with both measurement channels. To select both measurements, right-click the measurement for one channel, and then click Select Both Channels. By using the Remove command, you can remove measurements from the measurement collection. To remove a measurement from the measurement collection, right-click the measurement, and then click Remove. Note: You can select more measurements in the usual Windows manner, and then proceed as described earlier in this section.
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The Import Measurements command, the Assessment command, and the Remove command are also accessible through the Import, Assessment, and Remove buttons respectively.
3.1.2
Attachments Pane In the attachments pane of the main window, you can attach files of any format to the measurement collection, open attachments, and remove attachments from the measurement collection. You can show and hide the attachments pane by clicking Attachments on the View menu. To attach a file to the measurement collection: 1. In the attachments pane, click the Add button. 2. In the Open dialog box, browse to the file you want to attach to the measurement collection. To open an attachment, select the attachment in the Attachments area, and then click the Open button. Note: To open an attachment, you must have installed the associated application software on your computer. To remove an attachment from the measurement collection, select the attachment in the attachments pane, and then click the Remove button. By using the attachments pane’s shortcut menu, you can perform operations on the attachments. To open the shortcut menu, right-click in the attachments pane.
Figure 3-4
Attachments pane’s shortcut menu
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3.1.3
Numeric D isplay P ane You can show and hide the numeric display pane by clicking the Values Table toolbar button or Values Table on the View menu. The numeric display pane of the main window displays the measurement results for the measurements with the Display check box selected.
Figure 3-5
Numeric display pane displaying FDS data
By using the Display Mode menu at the upper right of the main window or the Display Mode submenu of the graphical view pane’s shortcut menu (see Table 3-2 "Display Mode Submenu" on page 29), you can select the displayed data. The Tan δ , Powe r Factor, Tan δ and c', ε' and ε'', c' and c'', and Impedance commands display the respective measurement results in the frequency domain independent of the measurement method used. The measurement results are displayed at the default power frequency (see 3.1.8 "Setting the Options" on page 37). To read out the measurement results at another frequency, enter the frequency in the numeric display pane or set the frequency by dragging the cursor. To display the measurement data obtained by the PDC method in the time domain, click PDC Data on the Display Mode menu or on the Display Mode submenu of the graphical view pane’s shortcut menu (see Table 3-2 "Display Mode Submenu" on page 29). To read out the measurement results at another time, enter the time in the numeric display pane or set the time by dragging the cursor.
Figure 3-6
28
Numeric display pane displaying PDC data
The DIRANA Software
3.1.4
Graphical View Pane The graphical view pane of the main window displays the measurement results in different views. You can control the graphical display through the shortcut menu. To open the shortcut menu, right-click in the graphical view pane.
Figure 3-7
Graphical view pane’s shortcut menu
The following table describes the Display Mode submenu. Table 3-2 C omma nd
Display Mode Submenu Option
Description
Tan δ
Displays the dissipation factor in the frequency domain.
Power Factor
Displays the power factor in
Tan δ and c'
ε'
the frequency domain. Displays the dissipation factor and the real part c' of the complex capacitance in the frequency domain.
and ε ''
Displays the real part ε' and the imaginary part ε'' of the complex permittivity in the frequency domain.
c' and c''
Displays the real part c' and the imaginary part c'' of the complex capacitance in the frequency domain.
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Table 3-2 C omm a nd
Display Mode Submenu (continued) Option
Description
Impedance
Displays the real and the imaginary parts of the impedance in the frequency domain.
PDC Data
Displays the polarization and depolarization currents in the time domain, if measurement results are available.
X-Axis Scale
Y-Axis Scale
Linear
Displays the X-axis linear scale.
Logarithmic
Displays the X-axis logarithmic scale.
Linear
Displays the Y-axis linear scale.
Logarithmic
Displays the Y-axis logarithmic scale.
By using the Curves command, you can select the measurement results you want to display. By clicking the Legend command, you can display and hide the legend to the measurement results. With the Snap Cursor to Points option selected, the cursor snaps to the measurement points when dragging it. By using the Zoom Mode command, you can turn the zoom mode on and off. To display the diagram in the zoom mode: 1. On the shortcut menu, click Zoom Mode. 2. When the pointer becomes a magnifying glass, select the zoom area. To turn off the zoom mode, click Zoom Mode once more. To return to the full view, click Reset Zoom. By using the Zoom In command, you can zoom in the diagram in steps. By using the Zoom Out command, you can zoom out the diagram in steps.
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By using the Optimize Zoom command, you can optimize the graphical display. To optimize the graphical display: 1. On the shortcut menu, point to Optimize Zoom . 2. Do one of the following: •
Click All to set both the X-axis and Y-axis range to fit the measurement results.
•
Click X-Axis to set the X-axis range to fit the measurement results.
•
Click Y-Axis to set t he Y-axis range to fit the measurement results.
•
Click Automatic to continuously fit b oth the X-axis and Y-axis range to the measurement results during a measurement.
By using the Reset Zoom , you can reset the default settings for the X-axis and Y-axis after you run theZoom Mode , Zoom In, Zoom Out, or Optimize Zoom command. By using the Save Image As command, you can save the current diagr am as a graphics file. For more information, see 3.6 "Copying and Saving the Diag rams" on page 60. By using the Copy command, you can copy the diagram to the clipboard for processing with other applications. For more information, see 3.6 "Copying and Saving the Diagrams" on page 60.
3.1.5
Toolbar The toolbar provides quick access to the frequently used commands. You can show and hide the toolbar by clicking Toolbar on the View menu. m po r
ea s u r em e n s Load Res ults from Device Start Measurement
New
Measurement Assistant Save
M o ni t o r
Print
Dis play Mode
V a l u esT ab l e
Moisture Assessment
Open
Stop Measurement Sen d Con fig uratio n to Device
Opti miz e All Help
Measurement Config uration Export Measurements
Figure 3-8
Toolbar
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The New command deletes all measurements in the measurement collection and creates a new measurement. For the Open and Save commands, see 3.5.1 "Opening and Saving the Measurements" on page 58. By using the Print command, you can print a repor t containing information about the displayed measurements. For the Import Measurements and Expo rt Measurements commands, see 3.5.2 "Importing and Exporting the Measurements" on page 58 . For the Load Results from Device and Send Configuration to Device commands, see 4.2 "Disconnected Measurements" on page 64. For the Measurem ent Configuration command, see 3.2 "Configuring the Measurements" on page 42. For the Start Measurement and Stop Measure ment commands, see 4.1 "Connected Measurements" on page 63. By using the Measuremen t and Assessment Assistant command, you can start the Measurement and Assessment Assistant (see 3.1.1 "Measurements Pane" on page 23). For the Moisture Assessment command, see 3.3 "Moisture Assessment Window" on page 48. By using the Monitor command, you can start the Monitor. For more information, see 3.1.7 "Monitor" on page 35. The Values Table command displays and hides the numeric display pane (see 3.1.3 "Numeric Display Pane" on page 28). By using the Optimize All command, you can optimize the graphical display (see 3.1.4 "Graphical View Pane" on page 29). By using the Display Mode command, you can select the displayed data (see 3.1.3 "Numeric Display Pane" on page 28). By using the Help command, you can access DIRANA Help.
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3.1.6
Status Bar The status bar at the bottom of the main window displays the progress bar, the total remaining measurement time, the measurement (see 3.2 "Configuring the Measurements" on page 42) and the device status. rogress ar
easuremen s
Totalremainingmeasurementtime
Figure 3-9
Devicestatus
Status bar
The following table describes the device status. Table 3-3
DeviceS tatus
DeviceStatus
S y mb ol
Device is busy Measurement is running Device is connected Device is disconnected Data is available New data is available Device reported an error
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When clicking the progress bar, the Measurement Status dialog box displaying detailed measurement information opens.
Figure 3-10
Measurement Status dialog box
Note: You can access the Measurement Status dialog box also by clicking Detailed Measurement Prog ress on the View menu.
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3.1.7
Monitor With the Monitor, you can test the measurement environment before starting the measurement. To open the Device Monitor window, click the Monitor toolbar button or DIRANA Device Monitor on the Tools menu.
Figure 3-11
Device Monitor window: PDC Monitor tab
After the Monitor has started, the idle (depolarization) current is measured. When a voltage is applied to the test object, the Monitor measures the polarization current. On the PDC Monitor tab, you can configure the Monitor for testing the PDC measurement environment. Under Voltage, you can enter the PDC output voltage. To apply the configured voltage, click Start Polarization. Under Current Reading s, you can view the measured polarization and depolarization currents in the selected measurement channels.
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Under History, you can: •
Clear the measured data in the past.
•
Select the Keep history when settings change check box if you want to retain the measured data after the settings have been changed.
Figure 3-12
Device Monitor window: FDS Monitor tab
On the FDS Monitor tab, you can configure the Monitor for testing the FDS measurement environment. Under Settings , you can: • Enter the frequency of the FDS output voltage. •
Enter the amplitude of the FDS output voltage.
•
Select the measurement channel.
To start the testing, click Apply Setting s. Under Readings from Device, you can select the measured values you want to display. Under History, you can: •
Clear the measured data in the past.
•
Select the Keep history when settings change check box if you want to retain the measured data after the settings have been changed.
Note: You can use the Monitor also for simple measurements at one frequency.
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3.1.8
Setting the Options By using the Options dialog box, you can set the DIRANA software configuration options. To open the Options dialog box, click Options on the Tools menu.
Figure 3-13
Options dialog box: General tab
On the General tab, you can set the following options. Under Startup , select the Load last opened file after startup check box if you want to load the last open file when the DIRANA software starts. Under Regional Settings, you can: •
Enter the default power frequency.
•
Select the temperature unit you want to use.
•
Select the user interface language. Note: After you changed the user interface language, restart the DIRANA software for the changes to become effective.
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On the Measurement and Results tab, you can set the options for calculating and displaying the measurements results.
Figure 3-14
Options dialog box: Measurement and Results tab
Under Time Domain (PDC) Curves, select the check box if you want to display absolute values of the PDC measurement results. Under Frequency Domain (FDS) Curves, you can:
38
•
Select the Display calculated part of FDS curves with dotted line check box if you want to display the measurement results with this option.
•
Select how many frequency domain data is calculated from the PD C measurement.
•
Select the Do not recalculate stable part of the curve check box if you do not want to recalculate the frequency domain data from the PDC measurement when the frequency domain data does not change with the increasing time of the PDC measurement. Activating this option improves the robustness against noise.
The DIRANA Software
On the Data Model tab, you can set the equivalent circuit for calculating the resistance.
Figure 3-15
Options dialog box: Data Mod el tab
On the Assessment tab, you can set the moisture categories and the default assessment method.
Figure 3-16
Options dialog box: Assessment tab
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Under Moisture Categories, you can: •
Change the default threshold values of the moisture categories. The default threshold values correspond to the IEC 60422 standard. To restore the default threshold values of the moisture categories, click the Restore Default Values button.
•
To change the color for displaying moisture categories. To change the color for displaying a moisture category, click in the respective color box, and then set the color in the Color dialog box. To restore the default moisture category colors, click the Restore Default Colors button.
Under Default Assessment Method, you can select the default assessment method. With the Moisture Assessment option selected, the Moisture Assessment window (see 3.3 "Moisture Assessment Window" on page 48) opens when clicking any assessment command. With the Advanced Assessment option selected, the Advanced Assessment window (3.4 "Advanced Assessment Window" on page 53) opens when clicking any assessment command. On the Advanced Settings tab, you can set advanced options.
Figure 3-17
Options dialog box: Advanced Settings tab
Under Logging , you can:
40
•
Set the location of the log file.
•
Select the Clear log on every application start option.
•
Limit the size of the log file.
The DIRANA Software
Note: After you changed the Logging settings, restart the DIRANA software for the changes to become effective. Under Exp ert Mode, you can the activate advanced processing functions and additional options. For more information, see 3.7 "Advanced Options" on page 61. Note: Select the Enable advance processing functions and additional options check box only if you are an expert user and you want to use the DIRANA in an atypical way.
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3. 2
Configuring the Measurements The DIRANA software provides a graphical interactive tool and comprehensive setting options for configuring measurements. You can configure the measurements by using the Measurement Configuration window. To open the Measurem ent Configuration window, click the Measurement Configuration toolbar button or Measurement Configuration on the Measurements menu. onnec on
agram pane
Measurement pane
Figure 3-18
Measurement Configuration window: Connections tab
The Measurem ent Configuration window opens with the configuration of the selected measurement. You can configure a measurement from scratch, load a measurement configuration, and save a measurement configuration.
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The DIRANA Software
To configure a measurement, click the Start with New Emp ty Configuration toolbar button to delete the current configuration, and then follow the instructions in this section. To load a measurement configuration: 1. Click the Load Configuration from a File t oolbar button
.
2. In the Load Measurement Configuration dialog box, browse to the file containing the measurement configuration you want to load. To save a measurement configuration: 1. Click the Save Configuration to a File t oolbar button
.
2. In the Save Meas urement Configuration dialog box, browse to the file you want to save the measurement configuration in. At the bottom of the Measurem ent Configuration window, the estimated measurement time for the measurement configuration is displayed. The measurement time depends on the measurement frequency range, the number of the measurement frequencies and the switch frequency between the FDS and PDC methods (and the time set for polarizing and depolarizing). If you select the Show message when the measurement can be stopped earlier check box, a message informs you when the measurement can be stopped before the configured time elapsed without losing any information or accuracy.
3.2.1
Specifying the Measurements The DIRANA software facilitates the measurement configuration by providing a graphical interactive tool for the measurement specification. On the Connections tab, the Measurem ent Configuration window has two panes: the connection diagram pane and the measurement pane. The connection diagram pane displays the test object with controls for selecting the measured insulation paths and the connection of the DIRANA to the test object for the specified measurement. The measurement pane lists all measurements possible with the test object, and displays highlighted the specified measurement. The measurements are characterized by the capacitance of the measured insulation paths, the measurement mode, and the number of the measurement channels. You can specify a measurement by selecting the insulation paths you want to measure in the connection diagram pane or by clicking a measurement in the measurement pane. The connection diagram shows interactively the connection of the DIRANA to the test object.
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To specify a measurement: 1. In the Measurement Configuration window, click the Connections tab. 2. In the Type of test object check box, select the test object. 3. In the connection diagram, select the check boxe s to specify the insulation paths you want to measure. 4. The connection diagram pane displays the connection of the DIRANA to the test object and the measurement pane shows the specified measurement. Alternatively, can select measurement in the measurement the connectionyou diagram panethe displays the connection of the DIRANApane. to theThen test object and the measured insulation. Note: If a measurement selected in the connection diagram pane is not possible or not recommended, the prohibition symbol is displayed over the diagram. In this case, specify another measurement in the connection diagram pane or select a measurement in the measurement pane.
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The DIRANA Software
3.2.2
Setting the Measurement Parameters On the Settings tab, the Measurem ent Configuration window provides comprehensive options for setting the measurement parameters. By setting the measurement parameters, you can optimize the measurements with respect to the measurement time and the requirements of the location and the test object.
Figure 3-19
Measurement Configuration window: Settings tab
On the Settings tab, you can primarily set the measurement frequency range and the output voltage. Under Measurement Frequency Range , enter the start and stop frequencies. The frequency range required for a specific insulation depends on the condition of the insulation. For the succeeding analysis of the moisture content the properties of the solid insulation should become visible (see Figure 1-1 "Typical dissipation factor characteristic of a power transformer" on page 10). Dry or cold insulations require measurements down to very low frequencies, for example, 1 kHz to 0.05 mHz. For hot or high ly conductive insulations a frequency range of 1 kHz to 0.1 Hz can be sufficient, thus the time duration will decrease to a few
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minutes. In many cases, a freq uency range of 1 kHz to 1 mHz provides sufficient testing depth. One approach is to set the stop frequency to the lowest value (0.05 mHz) and then observe the dissipation factor curve. Note: We recommend to set the stop frequency to a rather low value and then use the Show message when the measurement can be stopped earlier option to be notified when the measurement can be stopped without losing any information or accuracy. Sufficient data are gathered when 3 to 5 points of the area governed by moisture in pressboard at lowof frequencies appear (seeonFigure factor characteristic a power transformer" page 1-1 10 )."Typical dissipation Under Outp ut Voltage, enter the maximum output voltage for the FDS and PDC methods. To set the measurement frequencies and advanced measurement options, click the Show Advanced Settings button. Under Type of Measure ment Sequence, select the measurement method you want to use. Under Noise Suppression for FDS Measurement, click Standard (fas ter) or Improved to select the standard or the improved suppression of the noise interference for the FDS measurement. The Improved option suppresses the noise more effectively but leads to longer measurement times. Under Sampling Poin ts, the measurement frequencies are displayed. The frequencies corresponding to the PDC measurements are displayed italic. You can add frequencies to the list, remove frequencies from the list, and generate a new list. To add a measurement frequency: 1. Click Add. 2. In the measurement frequency list, enter the frequency you want to add. To remove a measurement frequency: 1. In the measurement frequency list, select the frequency you want to remove. 2. Under Sampling Poin ts, click Remove . To remove all measurement frequencies, click Remove All. To generate new measurement frequencies: 1. Under Sampling Poin ts, click Generate New List. 2. In the Generate Sampling Points List dialog box, enter the number of points per decade. 3. Click OK.
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The DIRANA Software
To restore the default measurement frequencies, click Restore Default List. Under Time Domain/Frequency Domain, you can enter the switch frequency between the FDS and PDC methods and set the PDC to FDS conversion options. To set the PDC to FDS conversion options: 1. Click the PDC to FDS Conversion Options button.
Figure 3-20
PDC to FDS Conversion Options dialog box
2. In the PDC to FDS Conversion Options dialog box: •
Select how many frequency domain data is calculated from the PDC measurement.
•
Select the Do not recalculate stable part of the curve check box if you do not want to recalculate the frequency domain data from the PDC measurement when the frequency domain data does not change with the increasing time of the PDC measurement.
Under Polarization/Depolarization , you can: •
Enter the polarization time (PDC measurement only) and the depolarization time. During the polarization time, the PDC voltage is applied to the test object and the test object is polarized (charged). During the depolarization time, the test object discharges. Select the Set depolarization time to polarization time check box if you want to perform more successive measurements on the test object.
•
Select the Record depolarization data check box if you want to record and display the depolarization current.
Under Pre-Measurement Checks and Delay, you can: •
Select the Check for noise and connectivity problems check box if you want to check automatically the measurement environment before the measurement starts.
•
Set the delay of the measurement start depending on the depolarization current and time.
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3. 3
Moisture Assessment Window The DIRANA software provides an automated procedure for assessing the moisture content of the cellulose (pressboard and paper) of the power transformer insulation. You can assess measurements by using the Moisture Assessment window or the Advanced Assessment window. By using the Moisture Assessment window, you can assess the moisture content of the power transformer insulation with minimum information required. The measurement assessment with the Advanced Assessment window provides more information and offers a higher degree of freedom for an experienced user. For information about the Advanced Assessment window, see 3.4 "Advanced Assessment Window" on page 53 . To open the Moisture Assessment window, select the Moisture Assessment option in the Options dialog box (see 3.1.8 "Setting the Options" on page 37), and then do one of the following:
48
•
In the measurements pane, select the measurement you want to asses, and then click the Moisture Assessment t oolbar button .
•
In the measurements pane, select the measurement you want to asses, and then click Assessment on the Measurements menu.
•
In the measurements pane, select the measurement you want to asses, and then click Assessment.
•
In the measurements pane, right-click the measurement you want to asses, and then click Assessment.
The DIRANA Software
To open the Moisture Assessment window independently of the Options dialog box settings, do one of the following: •
Select the measurement you want to assess, click the Moisture Assessment to olbar button arrow, and then click Moisture Assessment.
•
Right-click the measurement you want to assess, point to Assessment, and then click Moisture Assessment.
Figure 3-21
Moisture Assessment window
Under Mandatory Information, enter the temperature of the insulation. If you only know the temperature of the oil, enter the oil temperature instead. Under Optional Information , you can enter additional insulation parameters of the transformer under test, if known: •
Insulation ba rriers
•
Insulation spacers
•
Oil conductivity at the temperature entered under Mandatory Information
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To convert the oil conductivity measured at a temperature other than the temperature entered under Mandatory Informatio n: 1. Under Optional Information, click Convert to open the Oil Conductivity Calculator dialog box.
Figure 3-22
Oil Conductivity Calculator dialog box
2. Under Measured Conductivity, enter the measured oil conductivity and the corresponding temperature. 3. Under Advanced Paramete rs, enter the oil activation energy. To enter typical values of the activation energy for used and new oil, click Used Oil and New Oil respectively. 4. Click OK. The automated assessment procedure uses the following parameters for fitting the measurement results by model curves of the power transformer insulation. Table 3-4 Group
Limits for Automatic Assessment
Oil Parameters
Assessment Parameters Parameter
Description
Barriers
Minimum and maximum values of the barriers in percent of the volume between the windings
Spacers
Minimum and maximum values of the spacers in percent of the volume between the windings
Moisture
Minimum and maximum values of the moisture content in percent
Permittivity
Oilp ermittivity
For more information, see 4.3 "Assessing the Moistu re Content of the Power Transformer Insulation" on page 66.
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Note: The default values of the assessment parameters are appropriate for the common transformer geometries. In well-founded cases, you can change the assessment parameters for a better fit of the assessment procedure. To change the assessment parameters: 1. In the Moisture Assessment window, click Settings to open the Assessment Settings dialog box.
Figure 3-23
Assessment Settings dialog box
2. Under Limits for Automatic Assessment, enter the minimum and maximum for the barriers, To restore values the default values, clickspacers, Restoreand Defmoisture. ault Values. 3. Under Oil Paramete rs, enter the oil permittivity. To restore the default value, click Restore Default Value. 4. Select the Store as new default setting check box if you want to store the assessment settings as default. The DIRANA software compensates the calculated value of the moisture content for the oil conductivity. To display the corrected moisture content value, click Corrected under Displayed Moisture Value.
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To start the assessment, click Start Assessment.
Figure 3-24
Moisture Assessment window after assessment
After the assessment has been finished, the Moisture Assessment window displays the following assessment results: •
Cellulose moisture content
•
Oil conductivity
and information about the data quality with respect to the reliability of the assessment results. For more information, click more deta ils. Note: By using the Moisture Assessment window, you can assess more measurements for the same test object simultaneously.
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The DIRANA Software
3. 4
Advanced Assessment Window By using the Advanced Assessment window, you can perform more comprehensive measurement assessment than with the Moisture Assessment window. To open the Advanced Assessment window, select the Advanced Assessment option in the Options dialog box (see 3.1.8 "Setting the Options" on page 37), and then do one of the following: •
In the measurements pane, select the measurement you want to asses, and then click the Moisture Assessment t oolbar button .
•
In the measurements pane, select the measurement you want to asses, and then click Assessment on the Measurements menu.
•
In the measurements pane, select the measurement you want to asses, and then click Assessment.
•
In the measurements pane, right-click the measurement you want to asses, and then click Assessment.
To open the Advanced Assessment window independently of the Options dialog box settings, do one of the following: •
Select the measurement you want to assess, click the Moisture Assessment to olbar button arrow, and then click Advanced Assessment.
•
Right-click the measurement you want to assess, point to Assessment, and then click Advanced Assessment.
Note: You can access the Advanced Assessment window also by clicking Advanced in the Moisture Assessment window.
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The Advanced Assessment window has two panes: the model curve data pane and the graphical view pane. To resize the panes, click between the panes to make the split bar visible, and then drag the split bar. At the top, the Advanced Assessment window displays the selected measurement. Modelcurvedatapane
Figure 3-25
54
Graphicalviewpane
Advanced Assessment window
The DIRANA Software
3.4.1
Model C urve D ata P ane In the model curve data pane, you can set the following parameters of the model curves. For more information about the model curves, see 4.3 "Assessing the Moisture Content of the Power Transformer Insul ation" on page 66 . Table 3-5 Group
Model Curve Parameters Parameter
Description
Temperature
Temperature of the insulation. If you only know the temperature of the oil, enter the oil temperature instead.
Barriers
Insulation barriers (axial) in percent of the volume between the windings (stray channel)
Spacers
Insulation spacers (radial) in percent of the volume between the windings (stray channel)
Oil
Conductivity
Oilconductivity
Cellulose
Moisture
Cellulose moisture content
Geometry
To convert the oil conductivity measured at a temperature other than the temperature entered under Temperature : 1. Under Oil, click Convert to open the Oil Conductivity Calculator dialog box.
Figure 3-26
Oil Conductivity Calculator dialog box
2. Under Measured Conductivity, enter the measured oil conductivity and the corresponding temperature.
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3. Under Advanced Paramete rs, enter the oil activation energy. To enter typical values of the activation energy for used and new oil, click Used Oil and New Oil respectively. 4. Click OK. The automated assessment procedure uses the assessment parameters (see Table 3-4 "Assessment Parameters" on page 50) for fitting the measurement results by model curves of the power transformer insulation. For more information, see 4.3 "Assessing the Moisture Content of the Power Transformer Insulation" on page 66. To change the assessment parameters: 1. In the model curve data pane, click Settings to open the Assessment Settings dialog box.
Figure 3-27
Assessment Settings dialog box
2. Under Limits for Automatic Assessment, enter the minimum and maximum values for the barriers, spacers, and moisture. To restore the default values, click Restore Default Values. 3. Under Oil Para meters, enter the oil permittivity. To restore the default value, click Restore Default Value. 4. Select the Store as new default setting check box if you want to store the assessment settings as default. The DIRANA software compensates the calculated value of the moisture content for the oil conductivity. To display the corrected moisture content value, click Corrected under Displayed Moisture Value.
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To start the assessment, click Start Assessment.
Figure 3-28
Advanced Assessment window after assessment
After the assessment has been finished, the model curve data pane displays the following assessment results: •
Under Oil, the oil conductivity and category
•
Under Cellulose, the cellulose moisture content and category, the moisture saturation and the bubbling inception temperature
3.4.2
Graphical View Pane The graphical view pane of the Advanced Assessment window displays the results of the selected measurement and the fitting model curve. You can control the graphical view through the shortcut menu. To open the shortcut menu, right-click in the graphical view pane. For information about the shortcut menu, see Figure 3-7 "Graphical view pane’s shortcut menu" on page 29. Note: On the Advanced Assessment window’s shortcut menu, the Curves command is not available. By default, the model curve is displayed in red. To change to color of the model curve, click the color you want to use in the Mod el Curve Color menu.
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To show the frequency ranges relevant to the insulation diagnosis in different colors, click Show Curve Parts on the Options menu.
3. 5
Processing the Measurements The measurements pane of the main window of the DIRANA software displays a collection of measurements available in the DIRANA. You can open and save measurements, import measurement results from the DIRANA and other test systems, and remove measurements.
3.5.1
Opening and Saving the Measurements You can open a save measurements with attachments in DIRANA native DRAX format. Note: The Open command replaces all measurements in the measurement collection by the open measurement. To open a measurement: 1. Click the Open t oolbar button
or Open on the File menu.
2. In the Open DIRANA File dialog box, browse to the .DRAX file containing the measurement you want to open. To save a measurement: 1. On the File menu, click Save As. 2. In the Save DIRANA File dialog box, browse to the file you want to save the measurements in. Note: After opening measurements from a file, you can save them in the same file by clicking the Save t oolbar button or Save on the File menu.
3.5.2
Importing an d E xporting the M easurements The DIRANA software facilitates the data exchange between the DIRANA and other test syste ms such as Pax Diagnostics IDAX-206 and OMICRON electronics CPC 100 by supporting the import and export of measurement results in different formats.
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The DIRANA Software
The DIRANA software supports the following data formats for data import. Table 3-6
Supported Data Import Formats
File Name Extension
Description
DRAX
DIRANA native format
IDF
IDA native format
IZF TXT
CompressedIDFfile IDA export test file
1
CSV
Comma-separated valuesformat CPC 100
XML DSP, DAT
tangent delta measurement
ALFF measurement
1. The DIRANA software supports the import of the measurement results from the IDAX-206 insulation diagnostic analyzer as text files.
Note: Imported measurements are added to the measurements in the measurement collection. Only measurement results without attachments are imported and exported. To import measurement results: 1. Click the New t oolbar button or New on the File menu to delete the measurements in the measurement collection, if necessary. 2. Do one of the following: • •
Click the Import Measurem ents t oolbar button . On the Measurements menu, click Import Measurements .
•
Right-click the measurement collection, and then click Import Measurem ents.
•
In the measurements pane, click Import.
3. In the Impo rt Measurement Data dialog box, browse to the file containing the measurements you want to import. The DIRANA software supports data export in CSV format. Note: For data import to work, an exported text file must contain either the complex capacitances or the complex permittivity.
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To export measurement results: 1. In the measurement collection, select the measurements you want to export. You can select more measurements in the usual Windows manner. 2. Do one of the following: •
Click the Export Measurements t oolbar button
•
On the Measurements menu, click Export Measurements .
.
•
Right-click the selected measurements, and then click Export Measurem ents.
3. In the Expo rt Measurement Data dialog box, browse to the file you want to save the measurements in.
3.5.3
Removing the Measurements To remove measurements from the measurement collection: 1. In the measurement collection, select the mea surements you want to remove. You can select more measurements in the usual Windows manner. 2. Do one of the following:
3. 6
•
On the Measurements menu, click Remove.
•
Right-click the selected measurements, and then click Remove.
•
In the measurements pane, click Remove.
Copying and Saving the Diagrams You can copy the diagrams currently displayed in the main window and in the Advanced Assessment window to the clipboard and save them as graphics files. To copy a diagram to the clipboard, right-click in the graphical view pane of the respective window, and then click Copy. To save a diagram: 1. Right-click in the graphical view pane of the resp ective window, and then click Save Image As. 2. In the Save Image dialog box, browse to the file you want to save the diagram in.
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The DIRANA Software
3. 7
Advanced Options With the advanced options activated, you can use the advanced processing functions of the DIRANA software. To activate the advanced options, select the Enable advance processing functions and additional options check box on the Advanced Settings tab of the Options dialog box. By using the Temperature Correction dialog box, you can simulate a measurement at a temperature other than the measurement was done. To open the Temperature Correction dialog box, right-click the measurement for which you want to correct the temperature, and then click Temperature Correction.
Figure 3-29
Temperature Correction dialog box
In the Temperature Correction dialog box, enter the actual and simulated temperature, and then click OK.
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With the advanced data processing option activated, you can set the parameters of the import filters for various data import formats. To set the parameters of the import filters: 1. On the Tools menu, click Options.
Figure 3-30
Options dialog box: Import/Export tab
2. On the Import/Export tab of the Options dialog box, enter the import filter parameters.
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Measuring with the DIRANA
4
Measuring with the
DIRANA
This section describes the typical measurement procedures with the DIRANA . After configuring a measurement (see 3.2 "Configuring the Measur ements" on page 42), you can perform connected and disconnected measurements. In both operating modes, the measurement results are stored in the DIRANA and can be exported to your computer for further processing and documentation. You can switch at any time between the connected and disconnected measurements.
4. 1
Connected Measurements In the connected mode, the DIRANA is connected to a computer and the measurement data is processed and displayed during the measurement. Note: In the connected mode, the DIRANA software prevents the notebook from hibernating. To perform a measurement with the DIRANA connected to the computer: 1. Switch the DIRANA on (see 2.2 "Powering the DIRANA" on page 17). 2. Connect the DIRANA to your computer (see 2.3 "Connecting the DIRANA to the Computer" on page 18). 3. Double-click the DIRANA ic on software.
on the desktop to start the DIRANA
4. Configure the measurement as described in 3.2 "Configuring the Measurements" on page 42. Warning: Working on the high-voltage equipment can be extremely dangerous. Before connecting the DIRANA to the test object, observe the five safety rules (see "Safety Rules" on page 7) and all additional relevant laws and internal safety standards. 5. Connect the DIRANA to the test object according to the connection diagram in the Measurement Configuration window (see 2.4 "Connecting the DIRANA to a Test Object" on page 19). 6. Click OK to close the Measurement Configuration window. Warning: The voltage on the OUTPUT connector can cause injury or possibly death of the operating staff. Do not touch the OUTPUT connector when the red LED lights continuously or blinks.
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7. Click the Start Measurement t oolbar button the Measurements menu.
or Start Measurement on
8. To stop a running measurement, click the Stop Measurement toolbar button . After you stopped a measurement, the red LED lights continuously for approximately 10 s to depolarize the test object and then it turns off. 9. When the red LED on the front panel stops blinking, the measurement has been completed 10.Process the measurement results (see "Assessing the "Comparing Moistu re Content of the Power Transfo rmer Insulation" on4.3 page 66 and 4.4 the Measurement Results" on page 68). Note: You can disconnect the DIRANA from the computer at any time during a measurement. After that, the measurement runs disconnected as described in 4.2 "Disconnected Measurements" on page 64. Note: Notice the oil temperature of the transformer by measuring temperature in an oil sample or notice the reading from the built-in thermometer of the transformer. If two thermometers are available, use the upper one.
4. 2
Disconnected Measurements In the typical application measurement scenario, the DIRANA measures the dielectric response of an insulation system in the field. To facilitate the field measurements, you can operate the DIRANA disconnected from the computer. In the disconnected mode, you can configure a measurement in the laboratory, perform the measurement without connection to the computer and load the measurement results into the computer for further processing when you are back in the laboratory. To perform a measurement with the DIRANA disconnected from the computer: 1. Switch the DIRANA on (see 2.2 "Powering the DIRANA" on page 17). 2. Connect the DIRANA to your computer (see 2.3 "Connecting the DIRANA to the Computer" on page 18). 3. Double-click the DIRANA ic on software.
on the desktop to start the DIRANA
4. Configure the measurement as described in 3.2 "Configuring the Measurements" on page 42. 5. Note the connection of the DIRANA to the test object shown by the connection diagram in the Measurement Configuration window (see 2.4 "Connecting the DIRANA to a Test Object" on page 19 ). 6. Click OK to close the Measurement Configuration window.
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7. Do one of the following: •
Click the Send Configuration to Device t oolbar button
•
On the Measurements menu, point to Disconnected Measurements , and then click Send Configuration to Device.
.
8. Disconnect the DIRANA from the computer. Warning: Working on the high-voltage equipment can be extremely dangerous. Before connecting the DIRANA to the test object, observe the five safety (see "Safety Rules" on page 7) and all additional relevant laws and internalrules safety standards. 9. Connect the DIRANA to the test object. Warning: The voltage on the OUTPUT connector can cause injury or possibly death of the operating staff. Do not touch the OUTPUT connector when the red LED lights continuously or blinks. 10.Press the I/0 switch on the front panel. 11.To stop a running measurement, press the I/0 switch on the front panel. If you stopped a measurement, the red LED lights continuously for approximately 10 s to depolarize the test object and then it turns off. Warning: Working on the high-voltage equipment can be extremely dangerous. Before disconnecting the DIRANA from the test object, observe the five safety rules (see "Safety Rules" on page 7) and all additional relevant laws and internal safety standards. 12.When the red LED on the front panel turns off, disconnect the DIRANA from the test object. The yellow LEDs next to the CH 1 and CH 2 connectors start blinking concurrently to signal that the measurement results are available in the DIRANA . If an error occurred during the measurement, the yellow LEDs start blinking alternately until the computer is connected to the DIRANA or the DIRANA is switched off and on again (and the failure is resolved). 13.Connect the DIRANA to the computer. 14.Do one of the following: •
Click the Load Results from Device t oolbar button
•
On the Measurements menu, point to Disconnected Measurements , and then click Load Results from Device.
.
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15.Process the measurement results (see 4.3 "Assessing the Moistu re Content of the Power Transfo rmer Insulation" on page 66 and 4.4 "Comparing the Measurement Results" on page 68). Note: You can connect the DIRANA to the computer at any time during a measurement. After that, the measurement results are loaded into the computer and the measurement runs in the connected mode as described in 4.1 "Connected Measurements" on page 63. Note: Notice the oil temperature of the transformer by measuring temperature in an oil sample or thermometers notice the reading from the built-in thermometer transformer. If two are available, use the upper one. of the
4. 3
Assessing t he Moisture Content o f the P ower Transformer Insulation The DIRANA software provides an automated procedure for fitting the measurement results by model curves of the power transformer insulation. For the insulation diagnosis of other high-voltage equipment, see 4.4 "Comparing the Measurement Results" on page 68. The assessment procedure requires only the insulation temperature to be known. If you know other insulation parameters such as the values of the insulation barriers and insulation spacers, the oil conductivity, or the cellulose moisture, you can enter the respective values to make the assessment procedure more reliable. If you do not set some parameters, their values are calculated for the best fit. Consequently, the automated fitting procedure finds out any of the insulation parameters, even if no is known. Note: Depending on the degree of freedom, the fitting procedure can yield ambiguous solutions for the calculated parameters. To increase the reliability and speed of the fitting procedure, enter the known insulation parameters of the power transformer under test. This section describes the typical application procedures for assessing the cellulose moisture content of the power transformer insulation.
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4.3.1
Assessment with t he M oisture Assessment Window By using the Moisture Assessment window, you can assess more measurements for the same test object simultaneously. To assess the cellulose moisture content of the power transformer insulation with the Moisture Assessment window: 1. In the measurement collection, select the measurements you want to ass ess. 2. Open the Moisture Assessment window (see 3.3 "Moisture Assessment Window" on page 48). 3. Under Mandatory Information, enter the insulation temperature. If you only know the temperature of the oil, enter the oil temperature instead. 4. Under Optional Informati on, enter the known insulation parameters of the transformer under test. Clear the check boxes next to the Insulation Barriers , Insulation Spacers , and Oil Conductivity boxes, and then enter the respective values. 5. If you know the oil co nductivity measured at a temperat ure other than the temperature entered under Mandatory Information, click Convert and in the Oil Conductivity Calculator dialog box, convert the oil conductivity. 6. Click Start Assessment. 7. After the assessment has been finished, the Moisture Assessment window displays the cellulose moisture content, the oil conductivity, and information about the data quality with respect to the reliability of the assessment results. For more information, click more details. Note: Before starting the assessment, you can click Settings and in the Assessment Settings dialog box, change the assessment parameters.
4.3.2
Assessment with the Advanced Assessment Window The measurement assessment with the Advanced Assessment window provides more information and offers a higher degree of freedom for an experienced user. By using the Advanced Assessment window, you can assess only one measurement. To assess the cellulose moisture content of the power transformer insulation with the Advanced Assessment window: 1. In the measurement collection, select the measurement you want to ass ess. 2. Open the Advanced Assessment window (see 3.4 "Advanced Assessment Window" on page 53). 3. In the model curv e data pane, ent er the insulation temperature. If you only know the temperature of the oil, enter the oil temperature instead.
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4. Enter the known insulation parameters of the power transformer under test (see Table 3-5 "Model Curve Parameters" on page 55 ). If you do not know these values, select the respective check boxes. 5. If you know the oil conductivity measured at a temperature other than the insulation temperature, click Convert and in the Oil Conductivity Calculator dialog box, convert the oil conductivity. 6. Optionally, cl ick Settings, and in the Assessment Settings dialog box, change the assessment parameters. 7. Click Start Assessment. 8. After the assessment has been finish ed, the model cur ve data pane dis plays the following assessment results: •
Under Oil, the oil conductivity and category
•
Under Cellulose, the cellulose moisture content and category, the moisture saturation and the bubbling inception temperature
9. If you selected the check boxes for the insulation parameters, the corresponding text boxes also display the values obtained by the assessment procedure. 10.Observe especially the fitting of both curves at low frequencies where the moisture in pressboard dominates the dissipation factor.
4. 4
Comparing the Measurement Results With the DIRANA software, you can compare any number of measurements. By comparing different measurements, for example, the measurements on the same test object at different times, you can diagnose the insulation condition. The comparative assessment of measurements is particularly suited to the insulation diagnosis of high-voltage equipment such as rotating machines and cables. To make comparative assessment: 1. In the DIRANA software main window, assemble the measurements (see 3.5 "Processing the Measurements" on page 58) you want to compare. 2. Optimize the diagram for the visual assessment by changing the curve color (see 3.1.1 "Measurements Pane" on page 23) and by zooming the diagram (see 3.1.4 "Graphical View Pane" on page 29). 3. Compare the measurements visually. 4. Save the measurements (see 3.5.1 "Opening and Saving the Measurements" on page 58).
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Application Example
5
A p p l i c a ti o n E x a m p l e
5. 1
Introduction The following application example guides you step by step trough a measurement of the power transformer’s dielectric response including cellulose moisture content assessment with the DIRANA . As an example, a two-winding power transformer with the Yd winding organization is measured.
Figure 5-1
Power transformer under test
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The following figure shows the winding organization of the power transformer under test.
Figure 5-2
Winding organization
For detailed information on using the DIRANA software, see 3 "The DIRANA Software" on page 21 or DIRANA software Help. By following the measurement procedure, you can practice operating the DIRANA . To obtain the measurement data without measuring a real transformer, import the Sample Test.drax file available in the Sample Tests folder on the DIRANA CD-ROM. Note: Alternatively, you can use the Measurement and Assessment Assistant which guides you through the measurement procedure.
5. 2
Preparing the Measurement With the DIRANA , you can prepare measurement sequences by setting the measurement configuration data in the laboratory, send the configuration data to the DIRANA , and then disconnect the DIRANA from the computer for disconnected measurements. You can prepare several measurements by saving the measurements under different names but only one configuration can be sent to the DIRANA . In the following application example, the main insulation (H - L) path between the high-voltage and low-voltage power transformer’s windings is measured.
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Application Example
After starting the DIRANA software, configure the measurement as follows: 1. Click the Measurement Configuration t oolbar button or Measurem ent Configuration on the Measurements menu to open the Measurem ent Configuration window.
Figure 5-3
Specifying the measurement
2. On the Connections tab, select the Power Transformer (2 windings) test object, and then select the CHL check box to specify the main insulation (H - L) path.
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3. Click the Settings tab, and then enter the start and stop frequencies and the output voltage for FDS and PDC measurements as shown in the following figure.
Figure 5-4
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Setting t he measurement parameters
Application Example
4. On the Settings tab, click Show Advanced Settings . The Measurem ent Configuration window displays the default advanced settings. You do not need to change them.
Figure 5-5
Default advanced settings
5. Click the OK button to close the Measurem ent Configuration window. 6. Now, your measurement sequence is configured. If you confi gure the measurement in the laboratory or prepare several measurement sequences, save the measurement configuration.
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5. 3
Putting the
DIRANA
into Operation
Connect the DIRANA to the power transformer under test as follows (for the accessories used, see 1.3.2 "Delivery" on page 14): 1. Connect the yellow triaxial cable to the OUTPUT connector and the red triaxial cable to the CH 1 connector on the front panel of the DIRANA .
Figure 5-6
74
Connecting triaxial cables to the DIRANA
Application Example
2. Connect the grounding cable to the equ ipotential ground terminal on th e rear panel of the DIRANA , and clamp its other end to the transformer’s tank.
Figure 5-7
Grounding the DIRANA
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Figure 5-8
Clamping the grounding cable to the transformer’s tank
3. Connect the DIRANA to the computer using a USB cable as described in 2.3 "Connecting the DIRANA to the Computer" on page 18 . 4. Power the DIRANA as described in 2.2 "Powering the DI RANA" on page 17 . After putting the DIRANA into operation, connect the DIRANA to the transformer's terminals as described in the following section.
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5. 4
Connecting the Terminals
DIRANA
to the Transformer's
For the specified measurement of the mai n insulation (H - L) path between the high-voltage and low-voltage power transformer’s windings, connect the DIRANA to the transformer's terminals as follows: 1. Connect the yellow triaxial cable to one of the term inal bushings (U, V, W) on the transformer’s high-voltage side using a measuring clamp.
Figure 5-9
Connecting the yellow triaxial cable to the transformer’s terminal
2. Short-circuit the U, V, and W trans former’s terminals by using coppe r wires (not included in the DIRANA delivery) or laboratory cables and clamps.
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Note: If using laboratory cables and clamps, fasten the clamps to the transformer’s terminal bushings and plug the laboratory cables into the banana plugs. On the measuring clamp, use only the banana plug as shown in the following figure.
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Figure 5-10
Connecting the laboratory cable to the measuring clamp
Figure 5-11
Short-circuiting the high-voltage side transformer’s terminals
Application Example
3. Connect the guard on the transfor mer’s high-voltage side to the transfor mer’s tank with a laboratory cable and a connection clamp. For connecting the laboratory cable to the transformer’s tank, see Figure 5-15 "Connecting the guard to the trans former’s tank" on page 82.
Figure 5-12
Connecting the laboratory cable to the measuring clamp on the transformer’s high-voltage side
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4. Connect the red triaxial cable to one of the terminal bushings (u, v, w) on th e transformer’s low-voltage side using a measuring clamp.
Figure 5-13
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Connecting the red triaxial cable to the transformer’s terminal
Application Example
5. Connect the guard on the transf ormer’s low-voltage side to the trans former’s tank with a laboratory cable and a connection clamp.
Figure 5-14
Connecting the laboratory cable to the measuring clamp on the transformer’s low-voltage side
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Figure 5-15
Connecting the guard to the transformer’s tank
6. Short-circuit the u, v, w, and n transformer’ s terminals by using copper wir es (not included in the DIRANA delivery) or laboratory cables and clamps.
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Note: If using laboratory cables and clamps, fasten the clamps to the transformer’s terminal bushings and plug the laboratory cables into the banana plugs. On the measuring clamp, use only the banana plug as shown in Figure 5-10 "Connecting the laboratory cable to the meas uring clamp" on page 78.
Figure 5-16
Short-circuiting the l ow-voltage side transformer’s terminals
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5. 5
Performing the Measurement Click the Start Measurement t oolbar button or Start Measurement on the Measurements menu to send the measurement sequence to the DIRANA and to start the measurement.
Figure 5-17
Measurement results
In the main you can enter orand editadd some measurement data, add a comment onwindow, the weather conditions attachments.
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Application Example
Note: Notice the oil temperature of the transformer by measuring temperature in an oil sample or notice the reading from the built-in thermometer of the transformer. If two thermometers are available, use the upper one. You need the oil temperature for the moisture content assessment (see 5.6 "Interpreting the Measurement Results" on page 85).
Figure 5-18
Entering the measurement data
During the DIRANA is connected to the computer, the measurement results are continuously displayed in the graphical view pane. You can also disconnect the DIRANA from the computer and continue to measure disconnected. After you connected the DIRANA to the computer again, the measurement results are loaded into the DIRANA software and displayed in the graphical view pane.
5. 6
Interpreting the Measurement Results To interpret the measurement results, you can compare the results of the dielectric response analysis with an older reference measurement (see 4.4 "Comparing the Measurement Results" on page 68). To assess the moisture content of the power transformer insulation, proceed as follows: 1. Select the measurement done in the measurement collection, and then open the Moisture Assessment window (see 3.3 "Moisture Assessment Window" on page 48). The selected measurement is automatically transferred to the Moisture Assessment window.
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2. Under Mandatory Information, enter the temperature of the transformer’s insulation. If you only know the temperature of the oil, enter the oil temperature instead. 3. Under Optional Information, enter the known parameters of the transformer’s insulation. If you do not know the parameters, select the corresponding check box. 4. Click the Start Assessment button to start the moisture content assessment. 5. After the assessment has been finish ed, read the assthe essed cellulose moisture content of the transformer’s insulation and oil conductivity. For more information about the data quality with respect to the reliability of the assessment results, click more details.
Figure 5-19
Assessing the moisture content
6. Click the OK button to close the Moisture Assessment window. Alternatively, you can assess the measurement by using the Advanced Assessment window. For more information, see 4.3.2 "Assessment with the Advanced Assessment Window" on page 67.
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Technical Data
6
Technical Data This section lists the DIRANA specifications, requirements, and standard compliance. Table 6-1
DIRANA Specifications
Characteristic
Rating
Test Modes UST, GST, GSTg Voltage Source Measurementvoltage
±200V peak
Max. continuous output current
50 mApeak
PDC Current Measurement Range Resolution Inputresistance Accuracy
±20 mA 0.1 pA 10 k 0.5 % ± 1 pA
FDS Measurementvoltage
±200V peak
Measurementcurrent
±50m Apeak
Dissipation Factor Range
0…10
Accuracy1 1 mHz < f < 100 Hz
1 % + 3×10 –4
f < 1 mHz and f > 100 Hz
2 % + 5×10 –4
Resolution
10–5
Capacitance Range
10 pF…10 F
Accuracy
0.5 % + 1 pF
Ranges for Combined FDS and PDC Measurements Frequency
0.05 mHz…5 kHz
1. For capacitances > 100 pF
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Table 6-2
Computer Requirements
Characteristic
Requirement
Operating system
WindowsX P, WindowsV ista, Windows 7
CPU
Pentium1 GHzorhigher
RAM
512 MB more or
Storagedevice
CD-ROMdrive
Interface
Table 6-3
USB 2.0
DIRANA Power Requirements
Characteristic
R a ti n g
Inputvoltage/power
Table 6-4 Characteristic
10…24V DC/24W
AC Power Supply Requirements R a ti n g
Input
88
Voltage
100…240 VAC
Frequency
50/60 Hz
Power Output
45 max. W
Voltage
12.0 VDC
Current
3 max. A
Technical Data
Table 6-5 Characteristic
Temperature
Environmental Requirements Condition
R a ti n g
Storage
–35 ºC…+65 ºC/ –31 ºF…+149 ºF
Operating
–10 ºC…+55 ºC/ +14 ºF…+131 ºF
For specifications
20 ºC…25 ºC/68 ºF…77 ºF
Relative humidity Storage/operating
20 %…95 %, non-condensing
Altitude (air-pressure)
70…106 kPa
Storage/operating
Climate Tested according to the EN 60068-2-78 standard Vibration Tested according to the EN 60068-2-6 standard Frequency range 10…150 Hz; acceleration 2g, 20 cycles per axis Shock Tested according to the EN 60068-2-27 standard 15 g/11 ms, half-sinusoid, each axis
Table 6-6
Mechanical Data
Characteristic Dimensions (w × h × d) Weight
Rating 26 × 5 × 26.5 cm/10.25 × 2 × 10.5 inch 2.3 < kg/5 lb (without measuring cables)
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Table 6-7
StandardC ompliance
CE Conformity and Requirements The product adheres to the specifications and the guidelines of the council of the European Community for meeting the requirements of the member states according to the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC and LVD Directive 2006/95/EC. Electromagnetic Compatibility Emission
EN 61326-1 FCC Subpart of Part 15 Class A
Immunity
EN 61326-1:Industrialenvironment
Safety Standards Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use
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EN 61010-1
Contact Information / Technical Support
Contact Information / Technical Support Americas OMICRON electronics Corp. USA 12 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1510 Houston, TX 77046, USA Phone:
+1 713 830-4660 1 800-OMICRON Fax: +1 713 830-4661
[email protected] www.omicronusa.com
Asia – Pacific OMICRON electronics Asia Ltd. Suite 2006, 20/F, Tower 2 The Gateway, Harbour City Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R. Phone: +852 2634 0377 Fax: +852 2634 0390
[email protected] www.omicron.at
Europe, Middle East, Africa OMICRON electronics GmbH Oberes Ried 1 A-6833 Klaus, Austria Phone: +43 5523 507-333 Fax: +43 5523 507-999
[email protected] www.omicron.at
For addresses of OMICRON electronics offices with customer service centers, regional sales offices or offices for training, consulting and commissioning please visit our Web site.
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Index
Index Numerics 5 V DC output 13
D DC power input 13, 17 device status 33 diagrams copying 60 saving 60 DIRANA CD-ROM 15, 17, 70
A AC power supply 14 adapter cable 15 terminal 15 Advanced Assessment window 53–58 advanced options 40, 61–62
C cable grounding 14 laboratory 15 power 14 triaxial 1.5 m/5 ft 15 triaxial 18 m/60 ft 14 USB 2.0 A/A 14, 19 USB 2.0 A/B 14, 18 cable adapter 15 category moisture 40 clamp connection 15 crocodile 15 measuring 15 screw 15 configuring measurements 42–47 connection clamp 15 connector CH 1 12 CH 2 12 guard 12 OUTPUT 12 USB, computer 19 USB, DIRANA 13, 18 copying diagrams 60 crocodile clamp 15
E EN 50191 5 EN 60068-2-6 89 EN 60068-2-78 89 EN 61010-1 90 EN 61326-1 90 EN 50110-1 5 equipotential ground terminal 13, 75 exporting measurements 59
F FDS 9, 10, 11, 87
I I/0 switch 12 IEC 60422 40 IEEE 510 5 importing measurements 59 input DC power 13, 17 installing software 17
L LED green 12 red 12 yellow 12
M main window 22 Measurement and Assessment Assistant 25, 32
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measurement parameters setting 45–47 measurements configuring 42–47 exporting 59 importing 59 opening 58 removing 60 saving 58 specifying 43–44
setting measurement parameters 45–47 options 37–41 shortcut menu attachments pane 27 graphical view pane 29 measurements pane 24 soft bag 15 specifying measurements 43–44 status bar 33
measuring clamp 15 Moisture Assessment window 48–52 moisture category 40 Monitor 32, 35–36
T
O opening measurements 58 operator qualifications 5 options advanced 40, 61–62 setting 37–41 output 5 V DC 13
P pane attachments 22, 27 graphical view 22, 29 measurements 22, 23, 58 numeric display 22, 28 PDC 9, 10, 11, 87 power switch 13, 17
R removing measurements 60
S safety rules 7 saving diagrams 60 saving measurements 58 screw clamp 15
94
terminal adapter 15 toolbar 31 transport case 15
U USB 2.0 A/A cable 14, 19 2.0 A/B cable 14, 18 connector, computer 19 connector, DIRANA 13, 18 interface 18
V VDE 0104 5 VDE 0105 Part 100 5
W window Advanced Assessment 53–58 main 22 Moisture Assessment 48–52
