In Antonio Diaz v. Davao Light & Power Corp., et al., G.R. No. 16099, April !, "00# $Calle%o, ', petitioner (nilaterall) in*talle+ a eter to repla-e another one. here wa* a noti-e o/ +i*-onne-tion an+ event(all), the -onne-tion wa* -(t. here wa* a petition /or an+ator) in%(n-tion to re*tore -onne-tion. It wa* however *ettle+ ) wa) o/ a -oproi*e agreeent where the partie* agree+ to re+(-e the re*pon+ent* -lai an+ to waive the -o(nter-lai an+ to in*tall the ele-tri- *ervi-e. here wa* no agreeent to ar the in*tit(tion o/ other a-tion. herea/ter, re*pon+ent /ile+ -riinal -a*e* /or the/t again*t the petitioner petitioner,, hen-e, a -oplaint /or +aage* /or a(*e o/ right (n+er Arti-le 19, NCC wa* /ile+. Petitioner in*i*te+ that the -oproi*e agreeent a* well a* the +e-i*ion a*e+ on it alrea+) *ettle+ the -ontrover*ie* etween the2 )et, DLPC in*tit(te+ the the/t -a*e again*t petitioner, an+ wor*e, in*tit(te+ another a-tion /or violation o/ P.D. !01, a* aen+e+ ) 3.P. 4#6. h(*, the onl) -on-l(*ion that -an e in/erre+ /ro the a-t* o/ DLPC i* that the) were +e*igne+ to hara**, earra**, pre%(+i-e, an+ r(in hi. 5e /(rther averre+ that the -oproi*e agreeent in -ivil -a*e -opletel) era*e+ litigio(* atter* that -o(l+ ne-e**aril) ari*e o(t o/ either le-tri- 7eter No. 4!#8# or 466#809. 7oreover, he a**erte+ that the evi+en-e he pre*ente+ i* *(//i-ient to prove the +aage* he *(//ere+ ) rea*on o/ the ali-io(* in*tit(tion o/ the -riinal -a*e*. In r(*hing a*i+e h i* -ontention*, the C 5el+: Arti-le Arti-le "0"4 o/ the Civil Co+e +e/ine* a -oproi*e a* a -ontra-t where) the partie*, ) a;ing re-ipro-al -on-e**ion*, avoi+ litigation or p(t an en+ to one alrea+) -oen-e+. he p(rpo*e o/ -oproi*e i* to *ettle the -lai* o/ the partie* an+ ar all /(t(re +i*p(te* an+ -ontrover*ie*. 5owever, -riinal liailit) i* not a//e-te+ ) -oproi*e /or it i* a p(li- o//en*e whi-h (*t e pro*e-(te+ an+ p(ni*he+ ) the Governent on it* own otion, tho(gh -oplete reparation *ho(l+ have een a+e o/ the +aage* *(//ere+ ) the o//en+e+ part). A -riinal -a*e i* -oitte+ again*t the People, an+ the o//en+e+ part) a) not waive or e 1"2 aer v. Co(rt o/ Appeal*, G.R. No. 18"941, A(g(*t 81, "00!, !8# CRA "9'. h(*, ali-e or a+ /aith i* at the -ore o/ the aove provi*ion*. Goo+ /aith re/er* to the *tate o/ the in+ whi-h i* ani/e*te+ ) the a-t* o/ the in+ivi+(al -on-erne+. In -on*i*t* o/ the intention to a*tain /ro ta;ing an (n-on*-ionale an+ (n*-r(p(lo(* a+vantage o/ another. Goo+ /aith i* pre*(e+ an+ he who allege* a+ /aith ha* the +(t) to prove the *ae. 3a+ /aith, on the other han+, +oe* n ot *ipl) -onnote a+ %(+gent to *iple negligen-e, +i*hone*t p(rpo*e or *oe oral olo?() an+ -on*-io(* +oing o/ a wrong, a rea-h o/ ;nown +(t) +(e to *oe otive* or intere*t or ill>will that parta;e* o/ the nat(re o/ /ra(+. 7ali-e -onnote* ill>will or *pite an+ *pea;* not in re*pon*e to +(t). It iplie* an intention to +o (lterior an+ (n%(*ti/iale har. 7ali-e i* a+ /aith or a+ otive. here wa* no ali-e or a+ /aith. Petitioner hi*el/ allege+ in hi* -oplaint that he (nilaterall) in*talle+ a eter a/ter it wa* reove+ ) DLPC. No le** than the Co(rt, a+oni*he+ petitioner an+ rein+e+ hi that -onne-tion* o/ ele-tri-al *ervi-e an+ in*tallation* o/ ele-tri- eter* *ho(l+ alwa)* e (pon (t(al -ontra-t o/ the partie*, an+ that pa)ent* /or ele-tri-al -on*(ption *ho(l+ al*o e a+e proptl) whenever +(e. 3a*e+ on the*e e*tali*he+ /a-t*, petitioner ha* not *hown that the a-t* o/ re*pon+ent were +one with the *ole intent o/ pre%(+i-ing an+ in%(ring hi.
Petitioner a) have *(//ere+ +aage* a* a re*(lt o/ the /iling o/ the -oplaint*. 5owever, there i* a aterial +i*tin-tion etween +aage* an+ in%(r). In%(r) i* the illegal inva*ion o/ a legal right2 +aage i* the lo**, h(rt or har whi-h re*(lt* /ro the in%(r)2 an+ +aage* are the re-open*e or -open*ation awar+e+ /or the +aage *(//ere+. h(*, there -an e +aage witho(t in%(r) in tho*e in*tan-e* in whi-h the lo** or har wa* not the re*(lt o/ a violation o/ a legal +(t). In *(-h -a*e*, the -on*e?(en-e* (*t e orne ) the in%(re+ per*on alone2 the law a//or+* no ree+) /or +aage* re*(lting /ro an a-t whi-h +oe* not ao(nt to a legal in%(r) or wrong. he*e *it(ation* are o/ten -alle+ +an( a*?(e in%(ria. $@ar a*t 3an; an+ r(*t Copan) v. Pa-ilan, r., G.R. No. 1#81!, (l) "9, "00, !6 CRA 8#", 84!>84'. hatever +aage* petitioner a) have *(//ere+ wo(l+ have to e orne ) hi alone *in-e it wa* hi* a-t* whi-h le+ to the /iling o/ the -oplaint* again*t hi.
