Dc Winding

Developed winding diagram of DC Machine Winding

LAP WINDING (Progressive) 1) Draw Draw the develo developed ped windin winding g diagr diagram am with the following data 

Number of armature conductor = 30



Number of Poles = 4



Type of winding = Double Layer, Progressive, Simplex Lap winding.

LAP WINDING (Progressive) 1) Draw Draw the develo developed ped windin winding g diagr diagram am with the following data 

Number of armature conductor = 30



Number of Poles = 4



Type of winding = Double Layer, Progressive, Simplex Lap winding.



Calculation

No of conductor Z = 30 No of Poles P = 4 (i) Back Pitch YB = (Z/P) + K -------- (1) K = Constant Constant of minimum value, that makes YB an odd integer. Substituting Substituting the value of Z & P in equation (1) we get YB = 7 (ii) Front Pitch YF = YB + 2 (Plex) -------- (2) + ---- Retrogressive YB< YF - ---- Progressive YB> YF Substituting Substituting the value of YB & Plex in equation (2) Plex here is simplex therefore Plex = 1

 Calculation Contd… (iii) No of commutator segments segments C S = (Z/2) --- (3) Substituting Substituting Z value in equation 3 We get CS = 15 (iv) No of Brushes = P * Plex Plex ----- (4) Substituting P & Plex value in equation 4 we get Brushes = 4 (v) Brush width = Width of one * Plex. ---- (5) commutator segment = Width of one commutator segment

 Calculation Contd… (vi) Pole Pitch = (Z/P) * Distance between 2 conductors. -- (6) Substituting the value of Z & P in equation (6) & assuming distance between 2 conductors as 1cm we get Pole Pitch (PP) = 7.5 cm (vii) Pole Arc = 0.7 * P.P ------ (7) Substituting PP value in equation 7 we get Pole Arc = 5.3cm (viii) Air Gap = 0.3 * P.P ------ (8) Substituting PP value in equation 8 we get Air Gap = 2.2cm



Winding Table

At the Back Y B = 7

At the Front YF = 5

At the Back YB = 7

At the Front Y F = 5

Coil side --- connected coil side




1+7=8

8 – 5 = 3

15 + 7 = 22

22 – 5 = 17

3 + 7 = 10

10 – 5 = 5

17 + 7 = 24

24 – 5 = 19

5 + 7 = 12

12 – 5 = 7

19+ 7 = 26

26 – 5 = 21

7 + 7 = 14

14 – 5 = 9

21 + 7 = 28

28 – 5 = 23

9 + 7 = 16

16 – 5 = 11

23+ 7 = 30

30 – 5 = 25

11 + 7 = 18

18 – 5 = 13

25 + 7 = 2

32 – 5 = 27

13 + 7 = 20

20 – 5 = 15

27 + 7 = 4

34 – 5 = 29

29 + 7 = 6

36 – 5 = 31 (1)

Winding Diagram Placing of conductors & Connection 25

27

29

1

27

29

2 3 4 5

2

6 7

4

6

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

2

4

Winding Diagram 1. Placing the Poles 2.Marking the Direction of Rotation & 3.Direction of current 25

27

29

2

N 1

27

DOR for Generator

29

2 3 4 5

S 6 7

N

4

6

S

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

2

4



8

1

10

3

12

5

Sequence Diagram

14

7

16

9

18

11

20

13

22

15

24

17

26

19

28

21

30

23

2

25

4

27

6

29

1

Winding Diagram DOR for Generator 25

27

29

2

N 1

27

29

2 3 4 5

S 6 7

N

4

6

S

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

2

4



8

1

10

3

+

12

5

Sequence Diagram

14

7

16

9

-

18

11

20

13

22

15

24

17

+

26

19

28

21

30

23

2

25

-

4

27

6

29

1

Winding Diagram Placing Commutator and Brushes 25

27

29

2

N 1

27

DOR for Generator

2 3 4 5

S 6 7

N

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

2

1

2

+

3

6

S

29

DC Output

4

4

5

-

6

7

8

9

+

10

11 12

13

-

14

4

15

2) Simplex Retrogressive Lap Winding Draw the developed winding diagram of a DC Series Motor with following details No of Poles = 4 No of coil sides = 28 No of coil sides/slot = 2 Type of winding = Simplex, Lap, Retrogressive. Soln :- No of coil sides/slot = 2,means the winding is double layer.



Calculation

No of conductor Z = 28 No of Poles P = 4 (i) Back Pitch YB = (Z/P) + K = (28/4) + 0 = 7 ------- (1) (ii) Front Pitch YF = YB + 2 (Plex) = 7 + 2(1) = 9 ---- (2) + ---- Retrogressive YB< YF - ---- Progressive YB> YF (iii) No of commutator segments CS = (Z/2) = (28/2) = 14 ------- (3) (iv) No of Brushes Brushes = P * Plex = 4 * 1 = 4 ----- (4)

 Calculation Contd…

(v) Brush width = Width of one * Plex.-- (5) commutator segment = Width of one * 1 commutator segment = Width of one commutator segment

 Calculation Contd… (vi) Pole Pitch = (Z/P) * Distance between 2 conductors. -- (6) = (28/4) * 1cm = 7cm

(vii) Pole Arc = 0.7 * P.P ------ (7) = 0.7 * 7cm = 4.9 cm

(viii) Air Gap = 0.3 * P.P ------ (8) = 0.3 * 7cm = 2.1cm



Winding Table

At the Back Y B = 7

At the Front YF = 9

At the Back YB = 7






1+7=8

8 – 9 = -1 (27)

15 + 7 = 22

22 – 9 = 13

27 + 7 = 34 (6)

6 – 9 = -3 (25)

13 + 7 = 20

20 – 9 = 11

25 + 7 = 32 (4)

4 – 9 = -5 (23)

11 + 7 = 18

18 – 9 = 9

23 + 7 = 30 (2)

2 – 9 = -7 (21)

9 + 7 = 16

16 – 9 = 7

21 + 7 = 28

28 – 9 = 19

7 + 7 = 14

14 – 9 = 5

19 + 7 = 26

26 – 9 = 17

5 + 7 = 12

12 – 9 = 3

17 + 7 = 24

24 – 9 = 15

3 + 7 = 10

10 – 9 = 1

3) Duplex Retrogressive Lap Winding Draw the developed winding diagram of a DC Series Motor with following details No of Poles = 4 No of coil sides = 36 No of coil sides/slot = 2 Type of winding = Duplex, Lap, Retrogressive. Soln :- No of coil sides/slot = 2,means the winding is double layer.



Calculation

No of conductor Z = 36 No of Poles P = 4 (i) Back Pitch YB = (Z/P) + K = (36/4) + 0 = 9 ------- (1) (ii) Front Pitch YF = YB + 2 (Plex) = 9 + 2(2) = 13 ---- (2) + ---- Retrogressive YB< YF - ---- Progressive YB> YF (iii) No of commutator segments CS = (Z/2) = (36/2) = 18 ------- (3) (iv) No of Brushes Brushes = P * Plex = 4 * 2 = 8 ----- (4)


(v) Brush width = Width of one * Plex.-- (5) commutator segment = Width of one * 2 commutator segment = 2 times Width of one commutator segment






Winding Table

Winding Table 1 At the Back YB = 9



Winding Table 2


At the Back Y B = 9




1 + 9 = 10

10 – 13 = -3 (33)

3 + 9 = 12

12 – 13 = -1 (35)

33 + 9 = 42 (6)

6 –13 = -7 (29)

35 + 9 = 44 (8)

8 –13 = -5 (31)

29 + 9 = 38 (2)

2 – 13 = -11 (25)

31 + 9 = 40 (4)

4 – 13 = -9 (27)

25 + 9 = 34

34 – 13 = 21

27 + 9 = 36

36 – 13 = 23

21+ 9 = 30

30 – 13 = 17

23+ 9 = 32

32 – 13 = 19

17 + 9 = 26

26 – 13 = 13

19 + 9 = 28

28 – 13 = 15

13 + 9 = 22

22 – 13 = 9

15 + 9 = 24

24 – 13 = 11

9 + 9 = 18

18 – 13 = 5

11 + 9 = 20

20 – 13 = 7

5 + 9 = 14

14 – 13 = 1

7 + 9 = 16

16 – 13 = 3

4) Duplex Progressive Lap Winding Draw the developed winding diagram of a DC Generator with following details No of Poles = 6 No of conductors = 36 Type of winding = Duplex, Lap, Progressive, Double layer.



Calculation

No of conductor Z = 36 No of Poles P = 6 (i) Back Pitch YB = (Z/P) + K = (36/6) + 0 = 7 ------- (1) (ii) Front Pitch YF = YB + 2 (Plex) = 7 - 2(2) = 3 ---- (2) + ---- Retrogressive YB< YF - ---- Progressive YB> YF (iii) No of commutator segments CS = (Z/2) = (36/2) = 18 ------- (3) (iv) No of Brushes Brushes = P * Plex = 6 * 2 = 12 ----- (4)


(v) Brush width = Width of one * Plex.-- (5) commutator segment = Width of one * 2 commutator segment = 2 times Width of one commutator segment






Winding Table

Winding Table 1 At the Back YB = 7



Winding Table 2


At the Back Y B = 7

At the Front YF = 3



1+7=8

8 – 3 = 5

3 + 7 = 10

10 – 3 = 7

5 + 7 = 12

12 - 3 = 9

7 + 7 = 14

14 - 3 = 11

9 + 7 = 16

16 –3 = 13

11 + 7 = 18

18 –3 = 15

13 + 7 = 20

20 – 3 = 17

15 + 7 = 22

22 – 3 = 19

17 + 7 = 24

24 – 3 = 21

19 + 7 = 26

26 – 3 = 23

21 + 7 = 28

28 – 3 = 25

23 + 7 = 30

30 – 3 = 27

25 + 7 = 32

32 – 3 = 29

27 + 7 = 34

34 – 3 = 31

29 + 7 = 36

36 – 3 = 33

31 + 7 = 38 (2)

2 – 3 = -1 (35)

33 + 7 = 40 (4)

4 – 3 = 1

35 + 7 = 42 (6)

6 – 3 = 3

WAVE WINDING PROBLEM (Progressive Wave) 1) Design and draw 4 pole progressive wave winding for an armature with 26 conductors accommodated in 13 slots, show position of brush, direction of current etc.,

Solution 

Calculation I.

In wave winding Yb and Yf can be calculated from commutator pitch Yc Yc 

Z  2( Plex) P

IF Yc is a odd Yc is a even number number Yb = Yc

Yb = Yc + 1

Yf = Yc

Yf = Yb -+ 2



26  2(1) 4



7

Yc is a fraction number Remove 1 coil as Dummy coil and calculate Yc, then depending on value of Yc calculate Yb and Yf.

Calculation contd… II. Here in this example Yc is odd number, therefore Yb = Yf = Yc = 7 III. Pole Pitch (PP) = (Z/P) * distance between 2 conductors = (26/4) * 1cm = 6.5 cm IV) Pole Arc = 0.7 * PP = 0.7 * 6.5cm = 4.5cm V) Air Gap = 0.3 * PP = 0.3 * 6.5cm = 2cm VI) No of commutator = No of active conductors = 26 segment

2 = 13

2

Calculation contd… VII) No of Brushes = 2 * Plex = 2 * 1 = 2 VIII) Brush Width = Width of one

* Plex

commutator segment = Width of one commutator segment = Width of one commutator segment

*1



Winding Table

At the back At the front At the back At the front Coil Connected Side ---------Coil side

Coil Connected Side ---------Coil side



1+7=8

8 + 7 = 15

15 + 7 = 22

22 + 7 = 29 (3)

3 + 7 =10

10 + 7 = 17

17 + 7 = 24

24 + 7 = 31 (5)

5 + 7 = 12

12 + 7 = 19

19 + 7 = 26

26 + 7 = 33 (7)

7+7 = 14

14 + 7 = 21

21 + 7 = 28

28 + 7 = 35 (9)

9 + 7 = 16

16 + 7 = 23

23 + 7 = 30 (4)

4 + 7 = 11

11 + 7 = 18

18 + 7 = 25

25 + 7 = 32 (6)

6 + 7 = 13

13 + 7 = 20

20 + 7 = 27 (1)



Winding Diagram (Placing & Connecting conductors ) 21

23

25

2

4

6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

20

22

24

26

1

3

5

7

 Winding Diagram 1.Fixing Poles 2. Direction of rotation 3. Direction of current 21

23

25

2

N

1 2 3 4 5 6

20

22

Motor Direction of Rotation

24

26

S

N

4

6

S

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

1

3

5

7



Winding Diagram (Fixing commutator) Motor Direction of Rotation 21

23

25

2

N

S

N

4

6

S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

22

24

26

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

3

5

10

11

12

7

13



Winding Diagram (Placing the Brushes) Motor Direction of Rotation 21

23

25

2

N

S

N

4

6

S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

22

24

26

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

3

10

11

5

12

7

13



8 1

22 15

10 3

Sequence Diagram

24 17

12 5

26 19

14 7

2 21

+

16 9

4 23

18 11

6 25

20 13

1

-



Winding Diagram (Placing the Brushes) 21

23

Motor Direction of Rotation

25

2

N

S

N

4

6

S

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 20

22

24

26

1

1 DC Input

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

3

11

5

7

12 13

2) Problem (Retrogressive Wave) 2) Draw the simplex retrogressive wave winding with 4 pole DC machine having 26 armature conductors. The winding is double layer. Fix the position of poles, direction of induced emf.

Solution 

Calculation I) Commutator Pitch Yc 

Z  2( Plex) P

Yc is a odd Yc is a even number number Yb = Yc

Yb = Yc + 1

Yf = Yc

Yf = Yb -+ 2



26  2(1) 4



6


Calculation contd… II. Here in this example Yc is even number, therefore Yb = Yc + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7 Yf = Yb -+ 2 = 7 – 2 = 5 III. Pole Pitch (PP) = (Z/P) * distance between 2 conductors = (26/4) * 1cm = 6.5 cm IV) Pole Arc = 0.7 * PP = 0.7 * 6.5cm = 4.55cm V) Air Gap = 0.3 * PP = 0.3 * 6.5cm = 1.95cm VI) No of commutator = No of active conductors = 26 segment 2 2 = 13


* Plex


*1



Winding diagram





1+7=8

8 + 5 = 13

13 + 7 = 20

20 + 5 = 25

25 + 7 =32 (6)

6 + 5 = 11

11 + 7 = 18

18 + 5 = 23

23 + 7 = 30 (4)

4+5=9

9 + 7 = 16

16 + 5 = 21

21+7 = 28 (2)

2+5=7

7 + 7 = 14

14 + 5 = 19

19 + 7 = 26

26 + 5 = 31 (5)

5 + 7 = 12

12 + 5 = 17

17 + 7 = 24

24 + 5 = 29 (3)

3 + 7 = 10

10 + 5 = 15

15 + 7 = 22

22 + 5 = 27 (1)

3) Problem (Dummy Coil) 3) Draw the simplex retrogressive, wave winding with 4 pole DC machine having 24 armature conductors. The winding is double layer. Fix the position of poles & direction of current.



Calculation I)

Solution

Commutator Pitch Yc 

Z  2( Plex) P

Yc is a odd Yc is a even number number Yb = Yc

Yb = Yc + 1

Yf = Yc

Yf = Yb -+ 2



24  2(1) 4

 5.5


Because Yc is a fraction no, by removing 1 coil as “Dummy coil” no of active conductors become 22. Therfore Yc = 5

Calculation contd… II. Here in this example Yc is odd number, therefore Yb = Yf = Yc = 5 III. Pole Pitch (PP) = (Z/P) * distance between 2 conductors = (24/4) * 1cm = 6 cm IV) Pole Arc = 0.7 * PP = 0.7 * 6cm = 4.2cm V) Air Gap = 0.3 * PP = 0.3 * 6cm = 1.8cm VI) No of commutator = No of active conductors = 22 segment

2 = 11

2


* Plex


*1



Winding diagram





1+5=6

6 + 5 = 11

11 + 5 = 16

16 + 5 = 21

21 + 5 = 26 (4)

4+5=9

9 + 5 = 14

14 + 5 = 19

19 + 5 = 24 (2)

2+5=7

7 + 5 = 12

12 + 5 = 17

17 + 5 = 22

22 + 5 = 27 (5)

5 + 5 = 10

10 + 5 = 15

15 + 5 = 20

20 + 5 = 25 (3)

3+5=8

8 + 5 = 13

13 + 5 = 18

18 + 5 = 23 (1)

Dc Winding

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