Day Old Chick Quality Evaluation-PAS Reforms

Day old chick quality evaluation Dr. Marleen Boerjan May 2014

Day old chick quality evaluation

Outline of presentation • Definition chick quality in hatchery practice: . Batches of chicks . Individual chicks

• Evaluation day old chick quality

. Quantitative parameters . Scoring based on qualitative parameters

• Factors influencing chick quality parameters

Chick quality: batch

A batch of good quality chicks: • Is uniform with respect to uniformity parameters (weight, size, chick yield, growth first week, etc………)

• Performs according to standards

(breeder companies, hatchery reference data)

• Is uniform with respect to quantitative scoring systems (Tona-score. Pasgar-score)


A batch of good quality chicks: • Is uniform with respect to uniformity parameters (weight, size, growth first week, etc………)


A batch of good quality chicks: • Is uniform (> 80%) with respect to uniformity parameters like chick weight

Xn = 44.2 + 3.6 (g); n = 59 Uniformity = 88.1 %

A batch of good quality chicks: • Is uniform with respect to uniformity parameters within a class of flock age Flock age

N

Mean

s.d.

CV

Uniformity ( mean 10 +/-%)

29

502

33.3

2.7 8.3

77.3

39

699

38.6

3.2 8.3

78.0

62

201

46.8Flock age 4.5 9.6

66.7

29 wks

39 wks

62 wks


A batch of good quality chicks: • Performs according to standards Example chick yield= weight of chicks at hatch as percentage of egg weight at setting


A batch of good quality chicks: • Performs according to standards (breeder companies) • Chick yield determined by hatchery 69

68

standard 67 chick yield

66

65

64

Too heavy

Dehydrated

63 Flock ID-1

Flock ID-2

Flock-ID3


A batch of good quality chicks: • Chick yield > 68%: weight loss problem? • Chick yield < 67%: dehydrated in hatcher? 69

68

standard 67 chick yield

66

65

64

Too heavy

Dehydrated

63 Flock ID-1

Flock ID-2

Flock-ID3


A batch of good quality chicks: • Performs according to hatchery reference data

Farm 1 Overall average

Farm 2 Overall average

Hatchabilities of eggs from farm 1 and 2 compared to overall hatchery average.


A batch of good quality chicks: • Performs according to hatchery reference data • Results of Dutch reference hatcheries • Average results for one flock*: 87 % of eggs set (single stage incubation) Flock age (weeks)

Hatchability (eggs set)

Hatchability (after candling)

Chick quality**

Mortality first week

30

85

94

9.2

<1%

32

89

96

9.3

<1%

45

89

96

9.3

<1%

54

85

95

8.8

<1%

63

60

92

8.5

<1%

*Presented results summarize different breeds ** Pasgar-score

Chick quality: individual

A batch of good quality chicks: • Is uniform with respect to quantitative scoring systems individual chicks (Tonascore. Pasgar-score)




. Scoring based on qualitative parameters . Quantitative parameters


Chick quality: qualitative parameters

Pasgar-score and Tona-score are based on qualitative parameters • • • •

Reflex-activity Navel and navel area Legs/eyes Beak

• Belly (absorbed yolk)


Tona-score are based on qualitative parameters total score 100

Ref: Tona et al. (2003) Poultry Science 82: 736-741)


Tona-score are based on qualitative parameters total score 100



Tona-score are based on qualitative parameters total score 100 • Level of score is related to importance to contribution of survival of chicken Parameter Legs

activity

characteristic

scores

•Normal legs and toes •16 •One infected (red) leg •8 •Two infected (red) legs •0 •Good •6 •weak •0



Pasgar©score: top quality chick = 10


Pasgar©score: poor reflex = 10 minus 1


Pasgar©score: poor navel = 10 minus 1


Pasgar©score: red hocks = 10 minus 1


Pasgar©score: red spot/dirty beak = 10 minus 1


Pasgar©score full belly = 10 minus 1


Pasgar©score: an example Chick

reflex

navel

leg

beak

belly

1

0

1

0

0

1

8

2

0

0

0

0

0

10

3

0

1

1

1

0

7

4

0

0

0

0

0

10

5

0

1

0

0

0

9

6

0

1

0

0

0

9

7

1

0

0

0

1

8

total

1

4

1

1

2

61

Average Pasgarscore = 61/7 = 8.7 Navel problems in 4 out 7 chicks = 57%

Pasgar©score


Pasgar-score and Tona-score are based on qualitative parameters • Tona-score more detailed • Pasgar-score simple easy to teach




. Scoring based on qualitative parameters . Quantitative parameters



How to use the Tona- and Pasgar-score? What do they tell us? • Relationship performance in farm low! (except red hocks De Jong et al 2004) • Get more insight in ‘chick quality’

• Tool to improve incubation protocols


How to interpret Pasgar-score? • Relationship red hocks and leg weakness week 6 (De Jong et al. 2004) Test

Parameter

Pasgar-score 7*

Relative growth fist week (%) 215.4 Walking Step width (cm) 9.55 ability at day 39 Latency –to-lie 210 (sec) at day 40

Pasgar- Pscore 10 value

Growth

* Including red hocks

225.1 8.61

0.03 0.006

263

0.06


Pasgar-score used to improve incubation protocol •

Low incubation temperature (red line) related to low Pasgar score Egg shell temperatures

Temperature set points


Pasgar-score used to improve incubation protocol •

Low incubation temperature (red line) related to low Pasgar score

Tempera -ture

Numb Refl er of ex chicks (%)

Nav Leg Beak el s (%) (%) (%)

Belly (%)

Mean Pasgarscore

LOW

238

9.7

44.1 13.9 21.0

29.4

8.7

HIGH

146

2.1

40.4 5.5

6.8

9.2

11.6


How to use the Tona-score? • What do we learn about influence of storage of eggs on chick quality Quality parameters Average score Chicks score 100 !Relative growth Weight at 42 d

Storage days 33 96 62% 185%

1818 92 48%

77 d

158%

2.579 g


2.376 g


What do quantitative score tell us? • Relationship performance in farm low! (except red hocks De Jong et al 2004) • Get more insight of egg storage and incubation temperature on ‘chick quality’

• Tool to improve incubation protocols

Thank you

Dr. Marleen Boerjan May 2014

Day Old Chick Quality Evaluation-PAS Reforms

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