Dark Mirrors: Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology (Albany: SUNY Press, 2011).

Dark Mirrors is a wide-ranging study of two central figures in early Jewish

Orlov

RELIGIOUS STUDIES

Dark Mirrors Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology

demonology—the fallen angels Azazel and Satanael. Andrei A. Orlov explores the mediating role of these paradigmatic celestial rebels in the development of Jewish demonological traditions from Second Temple apocalypticism to later Jewish mysticism, such as that of the Hekhalot and Shi ur Qomah materials. Throughout, Orlov makes use of Jewish pseudepigraphical materials in Slavonic that are not widely known.

mythologies of evil, one to the Fall in the Garden of Eden, the other to the revolt of angels in the antediluvian period. Although Azazel and Satanael are initially representatives of rival etiologies of corruption, in later Jewish and Christian demonological lore each is able to enter the other’s stories in new conceptual capacities. Dark Mirrors also examines the symmetrical patterns of early Jewish demonology that are often manifested in these fallen angels’ imitation of the attributes of various heavenly beings, including principal angels and even God himself.

Dark Mirrors

Orlov traces the origins of Azazel and Satanael to different and competing

Andrei A. Orlov is Associate Professor of Theology at Marquette University. He is the author of several books, including Selected Studies in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha.

State University of New York Press www.sunypress.edu

Andrei A. Orlov

Dark Mirrors Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology

Andrei A. Orlov

Come and see: There are chariots of the left in the mystery of the Other Side and chariots of the right in the mystery of the supernal Holiness, and they match one another. . . .

Zohar I.21lb

Contents Preface

ix

Abbreviations

xi

Introduction Lightless Shadows: Symmetry of Good and Evil in Early Jewish Demonology

1

Part I: Azazel “The Likeness of Heaven”: Kavod of Azazel in the Apocalypse of Abraham

11

Eschatological Yom Kippur in the Apocalypse of Abraham: The Scapegoat Ritual

27

The Garment of Azazel in the Apocalypse of Abraham

47

Part II: Satanael The Watchers of Satanael: The Fallen Angels Traditions in 2 (Slavonic) Enoch

85

Satan and the Visionary: Apocalyptic Roles of the Adversary in the Temptation Narrative of the Gospel of Matthew

107

The Flooded Arboretums: The Garden Traditions in the Slavonic Version of 3 Baruch and the Book of Giants

113

vii