CTR Conference Booklet

3

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[hadojh Jhssckh

Mgstgekugs`hm Vhshcrd`hrs cem \crtgdgpcets, Gt kgvhs jh krhct pahcsurh to whadojh you to t`h 9t` hmgtgoe oi t`h boget doeihrhedh oi t`h Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr Dhet hr,, t`h Cjhrgdce Xegvhrsgty Xegvhr sgty oi Fhgrut Jhmgdca Jhmgd ca Dhethr, Dhethr, cem JM Cemhrsoe Dcedhr Dhethr! ]`gs yhcr, yhcr, our sd`hmuah gs iuaa oi gethrcdtgvh shssgoes, prhshetctgoes, cem ehtworngek opportuegtghs. ]`h rst doeihrhedh mcy gs mhmgdcthm to s`crgek rhdhet cmvcedhs ge `hjctoaoky oedoaokgd rhshcrd`. ]`h shdoem mcy òams c mgvhrsh rcekh oi shssgoes> ge w`gd` rhshcrd`hrs iroj pcrtgdgpctgek gestgtutgoes prhshet t`hgr orgkgeca worn ge t`h iorj oi posthrs or orca prhshetctgoes. G cj hxdgthm to shh t`h ahcp t`ct t`gs boget vheturh `cs tcnhe ovhr t`h yhcrs. ]`h hxdhptgoeca eujfhr oi sufjgtthm cfstrcdts gs c thstcjhet to t`h krowt` ge qucagty, qucetgty, cem dojpahxgty oi oedoaoky rhshcrd` ge Bormce cem Ahfceoe. Doaacforctgek gestgtutgoes cem spoesors `cvh doesgsthetay doetrgfuthm to t`h cmvcedhjhet oi dagegdca cem trcesactgoeca rhshcrd` ge t`h JHEC rhkgoe> c jgssgoe to fh dojjhemhm cem supporthm fy stcnhòamhrs ge t`h `hcat`dcrh shdtor. shdtor. Oe fh`cai oi t`h orkcegzgek dojjgtthh, G gevgth you to boge t`h doevhrsctgoe. ]cnh ]cnh tgjh to doeehdt cem ehtworn wgt` hxphrts cem sphcnhrs iroj crouem t`h woram, w`gah heboygek t`h `hrgtckh, fhcuty, fhcuty, cem mgvhrsgty oi Cjjce.

Tgedhrhay, Cshj Jcesour, JM

Mgrhdtor Khehrca Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr





































TDGHE]GIGD \VOKVCJ MCW 32 Irgmcy> 66em, Jcrd` 6<37

@hjctoaokgd Jcagkecedghs ]gjh

]opgd

Tphcnhr

0268

[hadojh Vhjcrns

Thssgoe-G

Jomhrctors2 Mr. Eczjg Ncjca, Mr. Cjca Cfu Kòs`, Mr. Bhce Ha-D`hgn`

024<-0288

Cduth ayjpòdytgd ahunhjgc

Mr. @ckop Ncetcrbgce

0288-726<

Cduth Jyhaogm Ahunhjgc

Mr. Icr`cmVcvcemg

726<-72=8

Cduth Jyhaogm Ahunhjgc ge Hamhray

Mr. Cjhr Rhgmce

72=8-3<2<<

S&C

3<2<<-3<268

Doiihh Frhcn & \osthr Yghw

Mr. Cshj Jcesour

Thssgoe-G

Jomhrctors2 Mr. C`jcm ]haic`, Mr. @uscj Cfu Bczcr, Mr. N`cagm @cacàh`

3<268-3<28<

Caaokhehgd Tthj Dhaa ]rcespacetctgoe

Mr.Cag Fczcrfcd`g

3<28<-33238

D`roegd Jyhaogm Ahunhjgc


33238-332=<

Jyhaomyspacstgd syemrojhs

Mr. Cjhr Rhgmce

332=<-3328<

S&C

332 8<- 323<

Aued` cem Bujc` \rcyhrs

Thssgoe-4

Jomhrctors2 Mr.. Cag Fczhrfc Mr Fczhrfcs`g, s`g, Mr Mr.. Tcec Ca-Tunùe, Mr. Mr. Cfmhak`ceg ]fcn`g

323<-3248

]`h @gkày Durcfah Ahunhjgc's

Mr. Icr`cmVcvcemg

3248-62<<

Juatgpah Jyhaojc

Mr. Tcjhhr Wcshr

62<<-6268

Cduth ayjpòdytgd ahunhjgc






































]gjh

]opgd

Thssgoe-=

Jomhrctors2 Mr. Cfmcaac` Ca-Cffcmg, Mr. Agec Jcrgh, Mr. Tcawc Tccmh`

424<-42=<

O-3> Dojpcrcfah hidcdy O-3> hidcdy oi phrgp`hrca phrgp`hrca sthj dhaa jofgagzctgoe usgek fgosgjgacr K-DTI Egvhstgj(V) to orgkgeca Ehupokhe(V) ge `hcat`y moeors Mr. Vuac Ecbbcr

42=6-4286

O-6> scihty cem hidcdy O-6> hidcdy oi = dydahs oi FrhetuxgjcfY FrhetuxgjcfYhmotgecs hmotgecs doesoagmctgoe cithr cithr cutoaokous phrgp`hrca sthj dhaa trcespacetctgoe ge rhacpshm/r rhacpshm/rhircdtory hircdtory @omknge‗s @omknge‗s ayjpòjc Mr. BhrghsNort

428=-=2<=

O-4> ]`h roah oi Cetg-t`yjodyth kaofuage wgt` ]`gothpcO-4> Fusuaice-umcrcfgeh fcshm doemgtgoegek ge pctghets uemhrkogek `cpaogmhetgdca sthj sthj dhaa trcespacet cem post-trcespacet dydaopòsp`cjgmh. Mr. Bhce Ha-D`hgn`

=2<9-=239

O-=> Gjctgegfjhsyacth gs scih cem hiihdtgvh ge jcgetcgegek O-=> dytokhehtgd cem joahduacr rhspoesh cd`ghvhm wgt` 3 yhcr egaotgegf rst ageh ge ehway mgckeoshm d`roegd jyhaogm ahunhjgc2 prhagjgecry rhsuats oi c prosphdtgvh dagegdca trgca Mr. Eour J. Jouncaahm

=230-=260

O-8> @hjctopoghtgd rhdovhry cem trcesiusgoe ehhms cithr O-8> @cpaogmhetgdca sthj dhaa trcespacetctgoe wgt` post-trcespacet dydaopòsp`cjgmh ge cmuat pctghets pctghets wgt` `hjctoaokgd jcagkecedghs jcagkecedghs Mr. Vczce Jo`ty

=24<-=2=<

O-9> ]`h vcauh oi gethrgj IMKO-9> IMK- \H]/D] ge csshssgek rhspoesh to t`hrcpy ge @omknge Ayjpòjc pctghets ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr (N@DD) Mr. Icrc` Cewhr

=2=6-=286

O-;> Outdojh oi Vhacpshm Cduth Ayjp` O-;> Ayjpòfacstgd ofacstgd Ahunhjgc ge D`gamrhe cem Cmoahsdhet ]rhcthm ]rhcthm Ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr Mr. Jcycmc Cfu T`cecp





































MCW 62 Tcturmcy> Jcrd` 64rm, 6<37

Vhshcrd` Mcy

]gjh

@caa-C/ Iourt` Iaoor

<0238-3<24<

Thssgoe-3/ \ahecry Thssgoe Jomhrctors2 Mr Mr.. Cag Ca g ]c`hr, ]c`hr, Mr. Mr. Jc`joum Jc`j oum CaJcsrg, Ca Jcsrg, Mr. Icmy Khcrc> Mr. Cag Ca Hfous

<0238-<024<

[hadojh Vhjcrns

<024<-<02=<

O-0> Cdtgvctgoe oi cemrokhe rhdhptor gemudhs hpgt`hagca - to O-0> - jhshed`yjca trcesgtgoe oi joahduacr cpodrgeh frhcst JMCJF-=84 dcedhr dhaas2 cathrctgoes oi c joahduacr ehtworn Mr. Jcjoue C`rcj

<02=6-<0286

O-7> Gevhstgkctgek t`h mgckeostgd cddurcdy oi D] O-7> D],, 30I-IMK \H]/D] \H]/D] cem HFXT/]FEC ge prhophrctgvh jhmgcstgeca eomca stckgek oi ETDAD ETDAD Mr.. Cnrcj Ca Gfrc`hhj Mr

<028=-<72<=

O-3<> Mhhp ]crkhthm O-3<> ]crkhthm Thquhedgek Thquhedgek Cecaysgs oi @ot Tpot Jutctgoes ge Eoe-sjcaa Dhaa Auek Dcedhr \ctghets iroj t`h Ahvcet Mr. K`gec Icn`rg

<72<9-<7239

O-33> \ostjcsthdtojy Vcmgctgoe ]`hrcpy2 ‑Eo Oeh Tgzh Igts Caa‚ O-33> Mr. Wousshi @. Rhgmce

<7230-<7260

O-36> Getrcvheous Ihrrgd Dcrfoxyjcatosh (IDJ), wgtòut O-36> Hryt`ropoghsgs-Ttgjuactgek Hryt`ropoghsgs-Ttgju actgek Ckhets (HTC), gs Tcih cem Hiihdtgvh ge t`h ]rhctjhet ]rhctjhet oi D`hjot`hrcpy Gemudhm Cehjgc (DGC) Mr. @gnjct Cfmha-Vczhq

<724<-<72=<

O-34> Tcavckh d`hjot`hrcpy usgek grgeothdce cem thjozoacjgmh O-34> ge phmgctrgd cem cmuat popuactgoes wgt` rhacpshm rhacpshm Hwgek Tcrdojc Tcrdojc Mr. Tcjhr Tcac`

<72=6-<7286

O-3=> DWV93/DDE3 Hxprhssgoe ge Vhshdthm O-3=> \cedrhctgd Cmheodcrdgeojc Mr.. D`rgsthaah Mr D` rgsthaah Mck`hr

<728=-3<2<=

O-38> Jomhagek HKIV jutctgoe mhthdtgoe ior agqugm fgopsy O-38> Mr. Oscjc Casjcmg O-39>> Mgckeostgd \hriorjcedh oi IMK-\H]/ D] sdce cs Dojpcrhm O-39







































]gjh


@caa-F/ Tgxt` Iaoor

332<<-342<<

Thssgoe-6/ Frhcst Jomhrctors2 Mr. @czhj Cssg, Mr Mr.. Tcgm Ca-Ectour, Mr. K`cmhhr Cfmhhe

Thssgoe-4/ Auek Jomhrctors2 Mr. Cnrcj CaGfrc`hhj, Mr. Mr. Ihrcs @cwcrg, Mr. Cfmuajcbhhm Mcyyct

332<<-33260

Whcr-ge-Vhvghw> Whcr -ge-Vhvghw> Mr. Eckg Ca Tck`cgr

Whcr-ge-Vhvghw> Whcr-ge-Vh vghw> Mr. Crcict ]icyag

3324<-332=<

O-3;> Cemrokhe rhdhptor O-3;> geuhedhs fh`cvgor oi frhcst dcedhr dhaas vgc jgdroVECs2 hvgmhedh oi stroekhr trcesdrgptgoeca t`ce posttrcesdrgptgoeca rhkuactgoe Mr. Jcjoue C`rcj

332=6-33286

O-30> Khehtgd Doueshagek O-30> cem Khehtgd ]hstgek ior Khrjageh FVDC3/6 Jutctgoes cjoek @gk` Vgsn Frhcst Dcedhr \ctghets ge Bormce, c Ttumy oi 8<< \ctghets Mr.. @gnjct Cfmha-Vczhq Mr

O-68> \rhvcahedh oi O-68> \rokrcjjhm Mhct` Agkcem 3 ge \ctghets Mgckeoshm wgt` Eoe-Tjcaa Dhaa Auek Dcedhr ge t`h Ahvcet Jcbm Ca-Csscm

3328=-362<=

O-37> Cvcgacfgagty, Vcth O-37> oi Xsckh, cem Gjpcdt oi Dojjhrdgcagzhm Kheojgd ]hsts oe Cmbuvcet ]rhctjhet Mhdgsgoes ge Hcray-Ttckh Frhcst Dcedhr \ctghets ge Ahfceoe Mr.. Eour Cfmua @cagj Mr

O-69> Ehutrop`ga Ayjpòdyth O-69> Vctgo Cssodgctgoe wgt` Fcshageh Frcge Jhtcstcsgs ge Ttckh GY Eoe-Tjcaa Dhaa Auek Dcedhr Mr. Ncjca Carcfg

O-6=> Hiihdt oi \M-A3 O-6=> Hxprhssgoe oe Turvgvca ge Cmvcedhm Ttckh ETDAD \ctghets @crforgek HKIV jutctgoes cem Vhdhgvgek HKIV ]NGs Mr. Ncjca Carcfg





































]gjh


@caa-F/ Tgxt` Iaoor

3624<-362=<

O-66> Cjheorr`hc cem O-66> Cjheorr`hc Ihrtgagty \rhshrvctgoe cjoek Wouek W ouek [ojhe [ojhe ]rhcthm ]rhcthm wgt` D`hjot`hrcpy ior HcrayTtckh Frhcst Dcedhr Mr. Ojcr T`c`ge

O-60> \rostcth dcedhr (\D) ge t`h Bormcegce popuactgoe2 Mgshcsh trhems cem outdojhs ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr (N@DD) Mr. Cjca Ca-Ojcrg

362=6-36286

O-64> Ihrtgagty ge Frhcst Dcedhr Turvgvors Ioaaowgek Frhcst Dcedhr ]rhctjhet ct CXFJD2 C Vhtrosphdtgvh Ttumy Mr. Vcs`c Ncnctg

O-67> HJ] Jcrnhrs ge AodcaayCmvcedhm \rostcth Dcedhr2 \rhmgdtgek Vhdurrhedh? Mr.. [cssgj Cfou-N`hgr Mr

342<<-3=2<<

Aued` cem \osthr Yghw

3=2<<-3824<

3=2<<-3=23<

Thssgoe-8/Tupportgvh dcrh Jomhrctors2 Mr. Tcjg CaN`ctgf, Mr. @usshge Cfu Nùmcgr, Mr. Mhfrc` Jun`rcbg

O-4<> Ttctge ush gjprovhs t`h survgvca oi doaorhdtca dcedhr (DVD) pctghets ge Bormce2 Ce ofshrvctgoeca stumy ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr (N@DD) Mr.. Jc`joum C. Caicqg` Mr

Thssgoe-9/ \hmgctrgds Jomhrctors2 Mr. Icrgs Jcmcect, Mr. Vcwcm Vg`ceg, Mr. @csce @cs`hj O-4;> Mgiihrhetgca Kheh Hxprhssgoe O-4;> Mgiihrhetgca oi Ehurofacstojc Gmhetghs c \ctthre t`ct \rhmgdts \rokeosgs cem @gkàgk`ts t`h Voah oi ]rcesdrgptgoe Icdtor Cdtgvctgek \rothge 6 fhtc (]IC\6F) ge Tpoetcehous Vhkrhssgoe oi Ttckh =s Mr. Gycm Tuatce





































]gjh


3=249-3=2=9

O-44> Ihrtgagty Doueshagek cem O-44> Tphrj Fcengek cjoek Jcah Cmoahsdhets cem Wouek Cmuats ]rhcthm ior Dcedhr wgt` Durctgvh Gethet ge c Mhvhaopgek Douetry Mr. @gnjct Cfmha-Vczhq

3=2=0-3=280

O-4=> @gk` Gedgmhedh oi Yheous O-4=> ]`rojfohjfoagd Hvhets (Y]H) ge \ctghets wgt` Mgiiush Acrkh F-Dhaa Ayjpòjc (MAFA) Mr. Jo`cjjcm Jc‗nosh`

382<<-3823<

O-48> Mhdgsgoe Jcngek O-48> \rhihrhedhs Cjoek \ctghets wgt` Cmvcedhm Dcedhr Ge C ]hrtgcry Dcedhr Dhethr ge Bormce Mr.. Jc`joum Cfu Ecsshr Mr

38236-38266

3824<-392<<

O-49> Orgkgeca akrcstgj O-49> (Ehupokhe(V) cem fgosgjgacr akrcstgj (Egvhstgj(V))2 Dojpcrgsoe oi hiihdtgvhehss cem scihty ge prgjcry prop`yacxgs oi d`hjot`hrcpygemudhm ihfrgah ehutrophegc Mr. Tuzce @cjjoumh` Doiihh Frhcn cem \osthr Yghw

@caa-F/ Tgxt` Iaoor

Thssgoe-;/ Tcrdojc Jomhrctors2 Mr. Cfmuaac Eoica, Mr. Icg`c Fczzh`, Mr. Tcjhr Cfmha Ca

O-=<> ]gjgek oi aodca doetroa O-=<> cs c sgkegdcet prhmgdtor oi survgvca oi pctghets wgt` Hwgek scrdojc oi t`h hxtrhjgtghs Mr. Tcjhr Tcac` O-=3> Sucagty Cssurcedh Vouems O-=3> ior Tcrdojc Vcmgot`hrcpy \ctghets2 ]whavh-Whcr Vhsuats Mr. Vcjgz Cfu-@gbag`

O-=6> ]`h Outdojh oi Agjf O-=6> Tcavckh Turkhry ge Mhvhaopgek Douetry,, N@DD Hxphrghedh Douetry Mr.. C`jcm T`h`cmh` Mr





































]gjh


3926=-3924=

O-=8> Neowahmkh, Cttgtumhs cem \rcdtgdhs (NC\) oi Dcedhr \ctghets towcrms Fgofcengek ge Bormce2 C stumy ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr (N@DD) Mr. Jcysc Ca-@usscgeg

39249-392=9

O-=9> Ihjcah oedoaokgsts ge t`h Jgmmah Hcst cem O-=9> Eort` Cirgdc2 prokrhss towcrms khemhr hqucagty Mr. Woaac @cgfh

392=0-39280

O-=;> Dytorhmudtgoe cem @yphrt`hrjgd getrcphrgtoehca d`hjot`hrcpy O-=;> ge Ahfcehsh pctghets ge c sgekah gestgtutgoe. C rhtrosphdtgvh stumy Mr.. Ju`ghmmgeh Thoum Mr

3;2<<-3;23<

O-=0> Hcray Ttckh Orca ]oekuh Tqucjous Dhaa Dcrdgeojc2 O-=0> ]rhctjhet Outdojhs cem Cecaysgs oi Vhdurrhedh Vgsn Icdtors Mr. Gssc Jo`cjcm

3;236-3;26<

O-=7> Acpcrosdopgd vhrsus ophe geshrtgoe oi ihhmgek kcstrostojy tufh O-=7> ge pctghets wgt` `hcm cem ehdn dcedhrs2 c jctd`hm dojpcrctgvh stumy Mr. Fcsga Cjjorg

3;266-3;246

O-8<> Dagegdca D`crcdthrgstgds cem ]rhctjhet Outdojh ior Cmuat O-8<> Jhmuaaofacstojc2 C ]hrtgcry Dcedhr Dhethr Hxphrghedh Mr. Cfmhactgi Cajousc

3;24=-3;2==

O-83> Ehuro-Oedo-6> \rokeostgd Tgkegdcedh oi O9O-83> Jht`yakucegeh-MEC-jht`yatrcesihrcsh (JKJ]) \rojothr Jht`yactgoe cem Gsodgtrcth Mh`ymrokhecsh-3 (GM@-3) Jutctgoe ge Kagofacstojc Juatgiorjh \ctghets2 C Tgekah-Dhethr Hxphrghedh ge t`h Jgmmah Hcst cem Eort` Cirgdc (JHEC) Vhkgoe. Mr. Igrcs Nrhgmgh`





































O-3 Dojpcrcfah Hidcdy oi \hrgp`hrca Tthj Dhaa Jofgagzctgoe Xsgek Fgosgjgacr K-DTI Egvhstgj(V) to Orgkgeca Ehupokhe(V) ge @hcat`y Moeors Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Vuac Ecbbcr

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Vuac Ecbbcr

Do-cutòr(s)

T`cetc T`crjc, Vcem Icrrcb, Mucc Juiicrcb, Hjce N`cttcf, Jo`cjjcm Jc'nosh`, N`cahm @cacàh`, @usscj Cfu-Bczcr, Jcycmc Cfu T`cecf, Vcwcm Vg`ceg, @csce @cs`hj, Egaay @usshge, Cecs @croue, Cfmhak`ceg ]fcn`g

Ciagctgoe

Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr

Doetcdt

recbbcrLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Fgosgjgacrs gjpcdts dost oi t`hrcpy ge oedoaoky wgt` sgjgacr hidcdy. [h cgj to rhvghw cem dojpcrh hidcdy oi fgosgjgacr promudt Egvhstgj(V) (akrcstgj), to t`h rhihrhedh promudt, Ehupokhe(V) ge thrjs oi phrgp`hrca DM4=+ dhaa jofgagzctgoe ge `hcat`y moeors sufshquhet to gts rhpacdhjhet ge t `h iorjuacry ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr. Jhtòms2

[h doemudthm c rhtrosphdtgvh dojpcrctgvh cecaysgs oe 39< `hcat`y rhacthm moeors wò rhdhgvhm hgt`hr Ehupokhe(V) or Egvhstgj(V) ior phrgp`hrca sthj dhaa jofgagzctgoe murgek c 6 yhcr phrgom iroj Thpthjfhr 6<3= to Thpthjfhr 6<39 ge c sgekah dhethr gestgtutgoe. Moeors rhdhgvhm akrcstgj ct c mosh oi 8 jdk/nk/mosh sufdutcehousay hvhry 36 òurs ior = mcys. Dojpahth faoom douet (DFD) cem DM4=+dhaa heujhrctgoe wcs moeh oe moeor‗s phrgp`hrca faoom scjpahs murgek t`h jofgagzctgoe phrgom cem gjjhmgcthay prgor to ahuncp`hrhsgs (fhtwhhe mcy = to mcy 9 oi jofgagzctgoe). ]`h cdtuca eujfhr oi dgrduactgek DM4=+ dhaas phr jgdroagthr oi phrgp`hrca faoom wcs ushm to mhthrjgeh t`h optgjuj tgjh ior sthj dhaa doaahdtgoe. Vhsuats2







































O-6 Tcihty cem Hidcdy Oi = Dydahs oi Frhetuxgjcf Yhmotgecs Doesoagmctgoe Cithr Cutoaokous \hrgp`hrca Tthj Dhaa ]rcespacetctgoe ge Vhacpshm/Vhircdtory @omknge‗s Ayjpòjc Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Bhrghs Nort

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Bhrghs Nort

Do-cutòr(s)

Cjcemc D`gmgcd, Vcmwce Jcssoum, Eo`rc K`coug, Vgtc Eh`jh, Cag Fczcrfcd`g, Bhce Ha-D`hgn`

Ciagctgoe

Cjhrgdce Xegvhrsgty oi Fhgrut Jhmgdca Dhethr

Doetcdt

bn90Lcuf.hmu.af

Douetry

AF

Getromudtgoe2

Frhetuxgjcf Yhmotge (FY) gs c d`gjhrgd cetg DM4< GkK3 cetgfomy, doebukcthm to syet`htgd cetgtufuage jojojht`ya curgstctge. FY gs cpprovhm ior t`h trhctjhet oi dacssgdca @omknge ayjpòjc (@A) ge rhacpsh hgt`hr cithr cutoaokous sthj dhaa trcespacetctgoe (CTD]) or cithr two agehs oi dojfgectgoe d`hjot`hrcpy ge trcespacet gehagkgfah geha gkgfah pctghets. ]`h CH]@HVC trgca rhvhcahm gedrhcshm \IT w`he FY gs ushm cs jcgethecedh t`hrcpy ior 39 dydahs ge `gk` rgsn pctghets cithr CTD]. @owhvhr, t`gs sd`hmuah gs cssodgcthm wgt` c `gk` dost cem sgkegdcet sgke gdcet toxgdgty. toxgdgty. Our prgjcry ofbhdtgvh gs to csshss t`h t` h hidcdy oi = dydahs Frhetuxgjcf cs doesoagmctgoe t`hrcpy cithr CTD] ior rhacpshm/rhircdtory (V/V) @A. Jhtòms2





































O-4 ]`h Voah oi Cetg-]`yjodyth Kaofuage wgt` ]`gothpc-Fusuaice-Iaumcrcfgeh fcshm Doemgtgoegek ge \ctghets Xemhrkogek @cpaogmhetgdca Tthj Dhaa ]rcespacet cem \ost-]rcespacet \ost-] rcespacet Dydaopòsp`cjgmh Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Bhce Ha-D`hgn`

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Bhce Ha-D`hgn`

Do-cutòr(s)

Vcyeghr Mhvgaaghr, Vhjy Muahry, Vcmwce Jcssoum, Eour Jouncaahm, Eo`rc K`coug, ]òjcs \ckagcrmgeg, Icfrgzgo Jcrgeo, Cag Fczcrfcd`g, Audc Dcstckec, Jo`cjjcm Jo`ty, Mgmghr Facgsh

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

bh=9Lcuf.hmu.af

Douetry

AF

]`h ]`gothpc-Fusuaice-Iaumcrcfgeh (]FI) fcshm doemgtgoegek rhkgjhe gs wgmhay ushm ge ]-dhaa rhpahthm `cpaogmhetgdca trcespacetctgoe (@cpao) wgt` post-trcespacet dydaopòsp`cjgmh. @owhvhr, t`h ush oi Cetg-t`yjodyth kaofuage (C]K) `cs eot fhhe whaa hstcfags`hm. Gt mhdrhcshs t`h gedgmhedh oi krcit vhrsus òst mgshcsh òwhvhr sojh dacgj t`ct gt‗s ct t`h dost oi gedrhcshm rhacpsh. [h doemudthm t`gs juatg dhetrgd stumy to dojpcrh t`h outdojhs oi pctghets wò uemhrwhet @cpao wgt` ]FI doemgtgoegek rhkgjhe wgt` C]K to tòsh wgtòut. ]`gs gs c juatgdhetrgd rhtrosphdtgvh stumy. Mctc wcs doaahdthm iroj = dhethrs, t`h Cjhrgdce Xegvhrsgty oi Fhgrut Jhmgdca Dhethr, @ospgtca Tcget Cetogeh \crgs, gestgtuth \coag Dcajhtth Jcrshg aah, cem @ujcegtcs Vhshcrd` @ospgtca Jgace. [h gedaumhm caa doeshdutgvh cmuat pctghets wò uemhrwhet @cpao wgt` ]FI





































O-= Gjctgegf Jhsyacth gs Tcih cem Hiihdtgvh ge Jcgetcgegek Dytokhehtgd cem Joahduacr Vhspoesh Cd`ghvhm [gt` 3 Whcr Egaotgegf Igrst Ageh ge Ehway Mgckeoshm D`roegd Jyhaogm Ahunhjgc2 \rhagjgecry Vhsuats oi C \rosphdtgvh Dagegdca ]rgca Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Cag Fczcrfcd`g

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Eour J. Jouncaahm

Do-cutòr(s)

Vcmwce Jcssoum, Vcjg Jcìouz, Bhce Ha-D`hgn`

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

fczcrfcdLcuf.hmu.af

Douetry

AF

Getromudtgoe2

Cd`ghvgek dojpahth dytokhehtgd rhspoesh (DDyV) ct 36 joet`s ior pctghets wgt` d`roegd p`csh d`roegd jyhaogm ahunhjgc (DJA) trhcthm wgt` gjctgegf cs rst ageh, gs cssodgcthm wgt` sgkegdcetay gjprovhm prokrhssgoe-irhh prokrhs sgoe-irhh survgvca. Egaotgegf `cs sòwe c icsthr cem `gk`hr rcth oi DDyV cem joahduacr rhspoesh cs dojpcrhm to gjctgegf. @owhvhr, @owhvhr, egaotgegf ush gs cssodgcthm wgt` mght rhstrgdtgoe, `gk`hr ecedgca dosts, cem gts aoek-thrj ush gs gedrgjgecthm wgt` dcrmgovcsduacr cem jhtcfoagd dojpagdctgoes. Jhtòms2

Ge t`gs prosphdtgvh sgekah dhethr trgca, wh hvcaucthm t`h cfgagty oi gjctgegf to jcgetcge c DDyV cd`ghvhm cithr 36 joet`s oi rst-ageh trhctjhet wgt` egaotgegf. Gedausgoe drgthrgc whrh cmuat pctghets wgt` prhvgousay uetrhcthm \`gacmhap`gc -posgtgvh DJA ge d`roegd p`csh, wgt` c [@O phriorjcedh stctus ≭ 6. \ctghets





































O-8 @hjctopoghtgd Vhdovhry cem ]rcesiusgoe Ehhms cithr @cpaogmhetgdca Tthj Dhaa ]rcespacetctgoe wgt` \ost-]rcespacet Dydaopòsp`cjgmh ge Cmuat \ctghets wgt` @hjctoaokgd Jcagkecedghs Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Jo`cjcm Jo`ty

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Vczce Jo`ty

Do-cutòr(s)

Ceecagsc Vukkhrg, Hoagc Frgssot, Vjy Muahry Muahry,, Kgorkgc Fcttgpckagc, Irhmhrgdc Kgceottg, Tgjoec Thstgag, Dajhedh Jhmgcvgaac, Iaorhet Jcacrm

Ciagctgoe

Tcget-Cetogeh òspgtca, \crgs, Cjhrgdce uegvhrsgty oi Fhgrut jhmgdca dhethr

Doetcdt

Vc448Lcuf.hmu.af

Douetry

AF

Thvhrca icdtors whrh sòwe to ciihdt `hjctopoghtgd rhdovhry cithr @cpaogmhetgdca sthj dhaa trcespacetctgoe (@cpao-TD]) usgek post-trcespacet dydaopòsp`cjgmh (\]-Dy) gedaumgek ckh ct trcespacet, gegtgca mgckeosgs, sthj-dhaa sourdh, krcitæ₡Ωs DM4= douet, doemgtgoegek rhkgjhe gethesgty, geihdtgoes. ]`h cgj oi t`gs stumy wcs to hvcaucth gjjueh rhdoestgtutgoe, trcesiusgoe ehhms cem jcge trcespacet outdojhs cithr @cpao-TD] cem to gmhetgiy icdtors ciihdtgek rhdovhry. ]`gs stumy gedaumhm ;6 doeshdutgvh pctghets wò uemhrwhet `cpao-TD] fhtwhhe Mhdhjfhr 6<36 cem Jcrd` 6<30, ge c sgekah dhethr. Krcit wcs hgt`hr foeh jcrrow (e:63) or phrgp`hrca faoom TD (e:83). \ctghets whrh kgvhe \]-Dy (8




































O-9 ]`h Ycauh oi Gethrgj IMK- \H]/D] ge Csshssgek Vhspoesh to ]`hrcpy ge @omknge Ayjpòjc \ctghets ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr (N@DD) Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Cnrcj Ca-Gfrc`hhj

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Icrc` Cewhr

Do-cutòr(s)

Cyscr N`caci

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

cgfrc`hhjLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

]`h cgj oi t`gs stumy wcs to csshss t`h vcauh oi gethrgj IMK \H]/D] ge prhmgdtgek rhspoesh to trhctjhet oi @A pctghets ct N@DD. Jhtòms2

[h rhtrosphdtgvhay rhvghwhm t`h rhdorms oi @A pctghets wò uemhrwhet IMK \H]/D] fhtwhhe Bceucry 6<3= cem Mhdhjfhr 6<3;. 68= pctghets whrh gedaumhm ge t`gs stumy wòsh rhdorms dojprgshm gegtgca \H], gethrgj \H] cithr dydah 6 or dydah = oi CFYM cem hem oi t`hrcpy \H]. Caa `cm t`hgr \H] sdces ge N@DD. ]`h Mhcuvgaah 8-poget sdorgek (8-ps) wcs doesgmhrhm ior t`h dacssgdctgoe oi pctghets cs dojpahth jhtcfoagd rhspoemhrs (DJV) gi pctghets cd`ghvhm 8-ps 3-4 ge gethrgj \H] or cs eoe-dojpahth jhtcfoagd rhspoemhrs (eDJV) gi pctghets cd`ghvhm 8-ps = cem 8. ]`h mhdgsgoe







































O-; Outdojh oi Vhacpshm Cduth Ayjpòfacstgd Ahunhjgc ge D`gamrhe cem Cmoahsdhet ]rhcthm Ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Jcycmc Cfu T`cecp

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Jcycmc Cfu T`cecp

Do-cutòr(s)

Vcwcm Vg`ceg, @csce @cs`hj, Gycm suatce, Cfmhak`ceg ]fcn`g, Cjca Cfu Kòs`,Rhfge Cazhfge, Jc`c Vgzgq, Gsjchha Czcyyct, Icrgs Jcmcect

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

mc.<7<3
Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2





































O-0 Cdtgvctgoe oi Cemrokhe Vhdhptor Gemudhs Hpgt`hagca-to-Jhshed`yjca ]rcesgtgoe ]rcesgtgoe oi Joahduacr Cpodrgeh Frhcst JMC-JF-=84 Dcedhr Dhaas2 Cathrctgoes oi c Joahduacr Ehtworn Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Jcjoue C`rcj

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Jcjoue C`rcj

Do-cutòr(s)

Vcemc Fcwcmg, Jo`cjjcm Tcac`, Mcec Cascicmg, Hftg`ca Justcic

Ciagctgoe

]`h Xegvhrsgty oi Bormce

Doetcdt

Mr.C`rcjLkjcga.doj

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2





































O-7 Gevhstgkctgek t`h Mgckeostgd Cddurcdy oi D], D], 30I-IMK \H]/D] cem HFXT/]FEC ge \rhophrctgvh Jhmgcstgeca Eomca Ttckgek oi ETDAD Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Cnrcj Ca-Gfrc`hhj

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Xac Ca-Vcs`hhm

Do-cutòr(s)

Ecmhr @grjcs

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

mr.uacscag`Lkjcga.doj

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Ttckgek oi eoe-sjcaa-dhaa auek dcedhr (ETDAD) gs c juatgmgsdgpagecry prodhss gevoavgek gjckgek, hemosdopgd cem surkgdca thdègquhs. ]`gs rhtrosphdtgvh doòrt stumy cgjs ct gevhstgkctgek t`h





































O-3< Mhhp ]crkhthm Thquhedgek Cecaysgs oi @ot Tpot Jutctgoes ge Eoe-sjcaa Dhaa Auek Dcedhr \ctghets iroj t`h Ahvcet Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Crcict ]icyag

\rhshetgek Cutòr

K`gec Icn`rg

Do-cutòr(s)

\ghrrh Nòuhgry, K`gec Icn`rg, Vhhj Cnha, Jcbm Ha Cssccm, Vcjg Jcìouz, Icmao Nùrg, @cssce D`cjg, Bcsoe \hthrshe, Tcrc` Yght, Kcrht` Mcvghs, @ujcj Ncmcrc, Crcict ]icyag

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

kfi<
Douetry

AF

Getromudtgoe2





































O-33 \ostjcsthdtojy Vcmgctgoe ]`hrcpy2 ‑Eo Oeh Tgzh Igts Caa‚ Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Wousshi W ousshi @. Rhgmce

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Wousshi W ousshi @. Rhgmce

Do-cutòr(s)

Boshp` Cfg Bcoumh, Curhagh Jcga`cd, @ceg ]cjgj

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

yz<7Lcuf.hmu.af

Douetry

AF

Getromudtgoe2

@gstorgdca stumghs rhporthm gjprovhm survgvca wgt` postjcsthdtojy rcmgctgoe t`hrcpy (\JV]) ior eomh-posgtgvh frhcst dcedhr. dcedhr. ]`h durrhet worn hvcaucths t`h gjpcdt oi \JV] ge pctghets wgt` @HV-6 posgtgvh tujors cem 3-4 posgtgvh ayjp` eomhs heroaahm oe two t wo acrkh rcemojgzhm trgcas.







































O-36 Getrcvheous Ihrrgd Dcrfoxyjcatosh (IDJ), wgtòut Hryt`ropoghsgs-Ttgjuactgek Ckhets (HTC), gs Tcih cem Hiihdtgvh ge t`h ]rhctjhet ]rhctjhet oi D`hjot`hrcpy Gemudhm Cehjgc (DGC). Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

@gnjct Cfmha-Vczhq

\rhshetgek Cutòr

@gnjct Cfmha-Vczhq @czhj Cfmuahac`, Vczce Jca`gs,, Tcawc Tccmh`, Tcjhhr Wcsshr,





































O-34 Tcavckh D`hjot`hrcpy usgek Grgeothdce cem ]hjozoacjgmh ge \hmgctrgd cem Cmuat \opuactgoes wgt` Vhacpshm Hwgek Tcrdojc Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Tcjhr Tcac`

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Tcjhr Tcac`

Do-cutòr(s)

]cahf Gsjcga, Tcjhhr Wcshr, C`jcm T`h`cmh`, Ceoum Caesour, Ojcr T`c`ge, Gycm Tuatce, Vcs`c Camoury, Camoury, Tcjhr Cfmhaca, Cfmhaactgi





































O-3= DWV93/DDE3 Hxprhssgoe ge Vhshdthm \cedrhctgd Cmheodcrdgeojc Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

[cagm Icrcb

\rhshetgek Cutòr

[cagm Icrcb

Do-cutòr(s)

[cssgj Cfou-N`hg Cfou-N`hgrr, Mhforc` Jun`hrbg, Oac @cmcmh`, Hjce Tcah`, @gs`cj I. Fc`jcm, Jcrgcj Nceso, Jo`cjcm N`cagih`, Cag T`cjshmmgeh, T`cjshmmge h, Tcaay ]cjrcz, ]cjrcz, Voac Bccicr, Bccicr, D`rgsthaah Mck`hr, Mck`hr, Gfrc`gj





































O-38 Jomhagek HKIV Jutctgoe Mhthdtgoe ior Agqugm Fgopsy Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Oscjc Casjcmg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Oscjc Casjcmg

Do-cutòr(s)

Oscjc Casjcmg, Tu`c Cfu-Caruf,Egvhhe Cfmuaac, [cagm J. Ecshr, Icrc` Caua, Cfmhak`ceg ]fcn`g

Ciagctgoe

Ngek @usscge Dcedhr Dhethr





































O-39 Mgckeostgd \hriorjcedh oi IMK-\H]/ D] sdce cs Dojpcrhm to XT-Kugmhm IEC ge \rhmgdtgoe oi Cxgaacry Ayjp` Eomh Gevoavhjhet ge \ctghets wgt` Ehway Mgckeoshm Frhcst Dcedhr Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

@czhj Cssg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Ycehssc Yc ehssc Cngng Jo`cjcm @cgmcr, Hjce Tfcgty, K`gec Fhrbcwg, Acrc Ecsscr, Bcfhr







































O-3;





































O-30





































O-37





































O-6<





































O-63

















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































\OT]HVT





































\-3 Thai-Vhporthm Cm`hrhedh to Orca Hemodrgeh ]`hrcpy cjoek Frhcst Dcedhr \ctghets ge Bormce Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Eour Ca Icqhhr

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Eour Ca Icqhhr

Do-cutòr(s)

Cagc Ca K`crcfag, Jc`c Mcafc`, N`cwcac` Cjjcr, Vcemc Ck`c, @cac T`cehhs, @cac Trobg, Vcwcc Ca Vcfgh.

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

eicnhrLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

\ctghets wgt` frhcst dcedhr wò crh hstrokhe rhdhptor posgtgvh crh doesgmhrhm ior orca hemodrgeh t`hrcpy, cs gt rhmudhs rhdurrhedh cem gjprovhs survgvca. [h doemudthm t`gs stumy to hstcfags` c fcshageh oi pctghets‗ cm`hrhedh to hemodrgeh t`hrcpy. Jhtòms2

]`h stumy wcs doemudthm ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr ge Bormce fhtwhhe Odtofhr 6<3; cem Buay 6<30 iroj rhspoeshs to c quhstgoeecgrh dojpahthm fy pctghets wgt` frhcst dcedhr wò `cm fhhe oe hemodrgeh t`hrcpy ior ct ahcst 3 joet`. ]`h quhstgoeecgrh gedaumhm quhstgoes oe cm`hrhedh (t`h eujfhr oi jgsshm moshs ge t`h prhvgous joet`), cs whaa cs oe mhjokrcp`gds, t`h typh oi hemodrgeh t`hrcpy, pctghets‗ phrdhptgoes oi hemodrgeh t`hrcpy, geiorjctgoe cfout t`hgr trhctjhet, cem sgmh hiihdts. Cssodgctgoes fhtwhhe cm`hrhedh cem pctghet-rhacthm icdtors whrh csshsshm ge d`g-squcrh thsts. Vhsuats2

]`h quhstgoeecgrh wcs dojpahthm fy 6<6 pctghets wgt` c jhce ckh oi =8.0 yhcrs (³3<.;TM). Oi t`h 37< pctghets wò ceswhrhm t`h quhstgoe oe cm`hrhedh, 366 (9=%) rhporthm t`ct t`hy `cm eot jgsshm cey moshs murgek t`h prhvgous joet`, 83 (69.0%) rhporthm t`ct t`hy `cm jgsshm oeh to two moshs, 39 (0.=%) rhporthm t`ct t`hy `cm jgsshm t`hgr jhmgdctgoe t`rhh to sgx tgjhs, cem 3 pctghet rhporthm `cvgek jgsshm jorh t`ce 9 moshs. ]`h ahvha oi cm`hrhedh wcs cssodgcthm wgt` t`h murctgoe oi trhctjhet (\ : <.<=0). ]`h jost dojjoe sgmh-hiihdts rhporthm whrh òt us`hs, foeh pcge, cem joom d`cekhs. Doedausgoes2

Cm`hrhedh rhporthm fy t`gs doòrt oi pctghets wgt` frhcst dcedhr ge Bormce wcs `gk`. Iurt`hr stumghs sòuam fh doemudthm oi aoekhr murctgoe cem wgt` ioaaow-up oi pctghets to iurt`hr gevhstgkcth eoecm`hrhedh.





































\-6 FVDC Jutctgoe Tdrhhegek cem \ctthres Cjoek @gk`-Vgsn Ahfcehsh Tufbhdts

Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Mhforc` Jun`hrbg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

D`rgsthaah Mck`hr

Do-cutòr(s)

D`cetca Icrrc, D`rgsthaah Mck`hr Mck`hr,, Vhfhddc Fcmrc, Jgzc Tcagj @cjjoum, Vccict Cacjhmmgeh, Boèey Cwwcm, Ju`ghmmgeh Thoum, Bcfhr Cffcs, Ioucm Fouaos, Eckg Ha Tck`gr.

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

mj68Lcuf.hmu.af

Douetry

AF

Getromudtgoe2

\rhvgous stumghs `cvh sukkhsthm t`ct t`h prhvcahedh oi FVDC3 cem 6 jutctgoes ge t`h Ahfcehsh popuactgoe gs aow mhspgth t`h ofshrvctgoe t`ct t`h jhmgce ckh oi frhcst dcedhr mgckeosgs gs sgkegdcetay aowhr t`ce Hurophce cem Eort` Cjhrgdce popuactgoes. [h cgjhm ct rhvghwgek t`h rcths cem pctthres oi FVDC3/6 jutctgoes iouem ge gemgvgmucas rhihrrhm to t`h jhmgdca khehtgds uegt ct t`h Cjhrgdce Xegvhrsgty oi Fhgrut. [h caso hvcaucthm t`h phriorjcedh oi dagegdca prhmgdtgoe tooas. Jhtòms2

[h rhtrosphdtgvhay rhvghwhm t`h dcshs oi caa gemgvgmucas uemhrkogek FVDC jutctgoe thstgek iroj Cprga 6<33 to Jcy 6<39. ]o ]o put our emgeks ge to doethxt, wh doemudthm c agthrcturh rhvghw oi t`h t `h jost rhdhetay pufags`hm mctc iroj t`h t `h rhkgoe. Vhsuats2

]wo ùemrhm hgk`ty-oeh gemgvgmucas whrh rhihrrhm ior thstgek. ]`h prhvcahedh oi jutcthm FVDC3 or 6 khehs whrh 9 cem 3.=% rhsphdtgvhay. ]`rhh jutctgoes cddouethm ior 8=% oi t`h pctòkhegd jutctgoes iouem. ]`h FVDC3 d.343K 5 ] jutctgoe wcs iouem cjoek 8/3; (67%) uerhacthm sufbhdts wgt` FVDC3 jutctgoe cem gs uegquh to t`h Ahfcehsh cem \cahstgegce popuactgoes. Ior pctghets thsthm fhtwhhe 6<3= cem 6<39, caa pctghets posgtgvh ior jutctgoes t t`h EDDE kugmhagehs ior FVDC jutctgoe sdrhhegek. ]`h Jced`hsthr Tdorh icgahm to prhmgdt pctòkhegd jutctgoes. Doedausgoes2

]`h FVDC3 d.343K 5 ] jutctgoe dce fh doesgmhrhm c iouemhr jutctgoe ge t`h Ahfcehsh popuactgoe mhthdthm cjoek 8/3; (67%) oi gemgvgmucas mgckeoshm wgt` c jutctgoe ge FVDC3 cem cjoek ;/697 icjgaghs ge t`gs doòrt. Oe rhvghw oi rhdhetay pufags`hm mctc rhkcrmgek t`h acemsdcph oi FVDC jutctgoes ge t`h Jgmmah Hcst cem Eort` Cirgdc, hcd` rhkgoe cpphcrs to `cvh c uegquh sphdtruj oi jutctgoes.





































\-4 Dagegdopctòaokgdca D`crcdthrgstgds cem ]rhctjhet Outdojhs oi Frhcst Dcedhr cjoek Cmoahsdhets cem Wouek Wouek Cmuats ge Bormce Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

@gnjct Cfmha-Vczhq

\rhshetgek Cutòr

@gnjct Cfmha-Vczhq

Do-cutòr(s)

@cece Ca-Jcsrg, @czhj Cfmhahac`, Jc`joum Cfu Ecsshr, Ecsshr, Jourcm Tcacj, Icmwc Cfmha-Vc`jce, Mcagc Vgjcwg

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

`cfmharczhqLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Fcdnkrouem2

Frhcst dcedhr gs t`h jost dojjoe dcedhr cjoek wojhe ge Bormce. Dojpcrhm to whsthre sodghtghs, mgckeosgs gs usucaay jcmh ct c youekhr ckh (jhmgce ckh2 83 yhcrs) cem wgt` jorh cmvcedhm-stckh mgshcsh. Cajost 38% oi caa frhcst dcedhr pctghets crh mgckeoshm mgckeoshm fhaow t`h ckh oi =<. Frhcst dcedhr ge youekhr pctghets thems to fh jorh ckkrhssgvh cem jcy rhsuat ge c `gk`hr agnhagòom oi aoek-thrj trhctjhet-rhacthm trhctjhet-r hacthm toxgdgty cem uegquh psydòsodgca profahjs. \ctghets cem Jhtòms2

Doeshdutgvh pctghets ckhm =< yhcrs or youekhr wgt` pctòaokgdcaay-doerjhm mgckeosgs oi frhcst dcedhr, trhcthm cem ioaaowhm up ct our gestgtutgoe whrh gedaumhm. Jhmgdca rhdorms cem òspgtca mctcfcshs whrh shcrd`hm ior pctghets‗ d`crcdthrgstgds, trhctjhet oiihrhm cem outdojhs. Vhsuats2

C totca oi =3; pctghets whrh gedaumhm. Jhmgce ckh ct mgckeosgs wcs 48 (rcekh2 63-=<) yhcrs. Igrstmhkrhh icjgay `gstory oi frhcst dcedhr wcs rhporthm ge ;6 (3;.4%). Oe prhshetctgoe 94 (38.3%) pctghets `cm `cm jhtcstctgd jhtcstctgd mgshcsh> 8< (;7.=%) wgt` vgsdhrca jhtcstcsgs. Jcey oi t`h pctghets pctghets wgt` eoe-jhtcstctgd mgshcsh `cm poor pctòaokgdca ihcturhs gedaumgek2 Eomh-posgtgvh (;6.4%), K-GGG (86.<%), ayjpò-vcsduacr gevcsgoe (86.7%) cem @HV6-posgtgvh (43.8%). \ctghets whrh trhcthm oe ce gestgtutgoeca ueghm dagegdca prcdtgdh kugmhagehs fcshm oe stcemcrm gethrectgoeca oehs. Cjoek t`h eoejhtcstctgd pctghets, 68.;% `cm ehocmbuvcet d`hjot`hrcpy, d`hjot`hrcpy, 46.7% `cm frhcst-doeshrvgek surkhry cem 6=.3% `cm snge-spcrgek jcsthdtojghs. Oeay 367 (49.8%) wojhe `cm frhcst rhdoestrudtgoe surkhry> 89 (68.<%) cem 3<6 (=8.8%) oi t`h pctghets wò `cm eo rhdoestrudtgoe surkhry `cm c ]3 cem ]6 mgshcsh, rhsphdtgvhay rhsphdtgvhay.. Ct c jhmgce ioaaow up oi 87 joet`s, 8-yhcr ovhrcaa ovhrcaa survgvca ior t`h wòah kroup wcs ;6%> 0=% ior eoe-jhtcstctgd cem 34% ior tòsh wgt` jhtcstctgd mgshcsh. Oe Dox rhkrhssgoe, eomca jhtcstcsgs (Cmbusthm @czcrm @czcrm Vctgo ^@VZ, 4.=> 78% DG2 3.8-0.<, \:<.<<=;) cem K-GGG mgshcsh (@V, 6.6> 78% DG2 3.4-4.;, \:<.<<==) whrh cssodgcthm wgt` poor outdojh, Igkurh-3. Doedausgoes2

Cmoahsdhets cem youek Bormcegce cmuats wgt` frhcst dcedhr prhshet wgt` jorh cmvcedhm-stckh







































\-= Frhcst Dcedhr murgek \rhkecedy cem ge \ostpcrtuj \hrgom> mohs t`h Turvgvca Mgiihr? Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Jc`joum Ca-Jcsrg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Icwcz @cs`gj

Do-cutòr(s)

@ceg Ca-Ecbbcr, Icmg Ca-Rujot

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

jcajcsrgLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Frhcst Dcedhr gs t`h shdoem jost dojjoe dcedhr murgek prhkecedy. prhkecedy. ]`h fcm prokeosgs oi frhcst dcedhr murgek prhkecedy cem postpcrtuj phrgom gs rhacthm to t`h mhacy ge mgckeosgs cem t`h cmvcedhm stckh ct prhshetctgoe. Vhdhet mctc sukkhst t`ct frhcst dcedhr murgek postpcrtuj phrgom `cs worsh outdojh ge dojpcrgsoe to t`h prhkecedy cssodgcthm frhcst dcedhr. dcedhr. Jhtòms2

]o dojpcrh fhtwhhe t`h ovhrcaa survgvca (OT) cem mgshcsh irhh survgvca (MIT) cssodgcthm wgt` prhkecedy cem ge t`h postpcrtuj phrgom. Vhsuats2

Vhtrosphdtgvh cecaysgs oi jhmgdca rhdorms oi 3<0 pctghets wgt` prhkecedy cem postpcrtuj cssodgcthm frhcst dcedhr fhtwhhe 6<<8-6<30 iroj t`h dcedhr dcedhr rhkgstry oi N@DD. ]`h jhce ckh ct prhshetctgoe prhshetctgoe wcs 4=.7 yhcrs, t`h jost dojjoe stckh ct mgckeosgs wcs stckh GGG ior fot` prhkecet cem postpcrtuj crjs =3.0% vs =4.7% rhsphdtgvhay (\ .4<4). Vhkcrmgek t`h `gstoaokgd krcmh> t`h jost ofshrvhm wcs krcmh GGG ior fot` prhkecet cem postpcrtuj crjs 99.;% vs ;3% rhsphdtgvhay (\ .400). MDGT wcs prhshet ge 69.7% vs 4<% oi t`h sphdgjhes rhsphdtgvhay (\ .;6;) cem t`h Ayjpòvcsduacr gevcsgoe wcs hvgmhet ge 8=.=% vs 80.0% rhsphdtgvhay (\ .90<). Jovgek to t`h òrjoeca rhdhptors, t`h prhkecedy crj `cm c acrkhr phrdhetckh oi hstrokhe posgtgvgty ge dojpcrgsoe to t`h postpcrtuj crj ;4.0% vs 93.8 rhsphdtgvhay (\ .300). Doedhregek t`h trgpah ehkctgvh stctus> cfout 34% oi t`h pctghet `cm trgpah ehkctgvh frhcst dcedhr, vh whrh acdtctgek cem egeh whrh prhkecet. Igvh yhcr ovhrcaa survgvca (OT)





































\-8 Dojpcrgsoe oi Hstrokhe Vhdhptors, \rokhsthroeh Vhdhptors cem @HV6-EHX Gjjueo`gstod`hjgstry Vhsuats ge Frhcst Dcedhr wgt` ]òsh oi Oedotyph Mx. Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Jc`hr Tuk`cyhr

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Tcaacj Ca`cssoe

Do-cutòr(s)

Eoeh

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

jsuk`cyhrLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Oedotyph Mx (OMx) rhdurrhedh sdorh (VT) gs ushm ge hcray frhcst dcedhr to kugmh t`h ush oi cmbuvcet t`hrcpy.. Ge cmmgtgoe to VT t`h t`hrcpy t `h thst promudhs rhsuats oi rhvhrsh trcesdrgptcsh-poayjhrcsh trcesdrgptcsh-poayjhrcsh d`cge rhcdtgoe (V]-\DV) (V] -\DV) oi Hstrokhe rhdhptors (HV), \rokhsthroeh rhdhptors (\V) cem @ujce hpgmhrjca krowt` icdtor rhdhptor 6 (@HV6-ehu). Our koca wcs to mhthrjgeh t`h dorrhactgoe fhtwhhe Gjjueo`gstod`hjgstry Gjjueo`gstod`hjgstry (G@D) cem V]-\DV thstgek oi HV, \V cem @HV6-ehu. Jhtòms2

333 pctghets wgt` HV+, @HV6-ehu - frhcst dcedhrs t`ct uemhrwhet OMx thstgek whrh cecayzhm fy \hcrsoe dorrhactgoe dohidghet cem ior doedormcedh rcths. Vhsuats2

C totca oi 3<6 pctghets `cm HV+/\V+ tujors cem 7 pctghets `cm HV+/\V- tujors fy G@D, t`h cvhrckh VT whrh 3;.;;³7.8 cem 43.6³0.9; rhsphdtgvhay. ]`h \hcrsoe dorrhactgoe dohidghet fhtwhhe G@D cem OMx rhsuats whrh <.8<; (78% DG <.48=-<.94=) ior HV cem <.069 (78% DG <.;89-<.0;;) ior \V. ]`h doedormcedh rcth fhtwhhe G@D cem OMx wcs 7;.4% ior HV, 7<.6% ior \V cem 77.3% ior @HV6ehu. 4 sphdgjhes whrh mgsdormcet ior HV (6.;%) cem 3< whrh mgsdormcet ior \V (7.0%). ]`h HV mgsdormcet dcshs whrh cs ioaaows2 oeh wcs bust posgtgvh cfovh dutoii wgt` 3% cem oeh wcs rhporthm fy outsgmh acf cem wcs eot cvcgacfah ior rhvghw. rhvghw. ]`h acst dcsh wcs `gkày posgtgvh (7<%) so c rhphct wcs ormhrhm ior OMx thstgek. ]`h 3< mgsdormcet dcshs ior \V whrh aow posgtgvh (0/3< whrh 1 3<% cem 6 dcshs whrh 4<% cem ;<%).





































\-9 Frhcst Dcedhr ge Wouek [ojce ct ]`h Cjhrgdce Xegvhrsgty oi Fhgrut Jhmgdca Dhethr Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Eckg Ha Tck`gr

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Boum Ha Mgdn

Do-cutòr(s)

Acec N`caga, Jcyc D`crcihmmgeh, \cua Ha ]ojf, Boèy Icrhs, Eckg Ha Tck`gr

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

es64Lcuf.hmu.af

Douetry

AF

Getromudtgoe2

Ttumghs iroj Ahfceoe cem Crcf douetrghs `cvh sòwe t`ct cfout 8<% oi pctghets wgt` frhcst dcedhr crh fhaow t`h ckh oi 8<. Wouek Wouek ckh gs tòuk`t to cmm c poor prokeosgs. [h prhshet mctc oe vhry youek pctghet‗s pctghet‗s ≭ =< yhcrs (y) wgt` frhcst dcedhr ct ]`h Cjhrgdce Xegvhrsgty oi Fhgrut Jhmgdca Dhethr (CXFJD). Jhtòms2

D`crts oi pctghets fhtwhhe t`h yhcrs 6<<8 to 6<30 whrh rhvghwhm. D`crcdthrgstgds cem outdojhs crh prhshethm. GVF cpprovca wcs oftcgehm. Vhsuats2

]otca eujfhr oi pctghets ≭ =< wcs 4=8. ]`h jhmgce ckh ct ct mgckeosgs wcs 49 yhcrs. Gevcsgvh mudtca dcrdgeojc (GMD) wcs prhshet ge 7=.8% oi dcshs, gevcsgvh aofuacr dcrdgeojc (GAD) ge 3.6% oi dcshs, cem mudtca dcrdgeojc ge sgtu (MDGT) ge =.4%. @HV6 posgtgvh pctghets ge 60.7%, òrjoeh rhdhptor posgtgvh (HV &/or \V) ge ;8.7%, cem trgpah ehkctgvh ge 3=.0%. \crtgca jcsthdtojy wcs moeh ge 80.8% oi pctghets cem totca jcsthdtojy ge =3.0%. ;6.4% oi pctghets rhdhgvhm ehocmbuvcet/cmbuvcet ehocmbuvcet/cmbuvcet d`hjot`hrcpy wgt` cetg-@HV6 t`hrcpy gi t`hy whrh @HV6 posgtgvh. Caa òrjoeh rhdhptor posgtgvh pctghets rhdhgvhm cmbuvcet òrjoeca t`hrcpy. MDGT wcs prhshet ge =.8% oi pctghets ct mgckeosgs, Ttckh 3 mgshcsh ge 66.0%, Ttckh 6 ge 49.0%, Ttckh 4 ge 66.=%, cem Ttckh = ge 34.8% oi pctghets. 8y Ovhrcaa Turvgvca (OT) ior caa stckhs dojfgehm





































\-; ]`h Cppagdctgoe oi Kcga Jomha to \rhmgdt t`h Vgsn oi Mhvhaopgek Frhcst Dcedhr Cjoek Bormcegce [ojhe Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

@gnjct Cfmha-Vczhq

\rhshetgek Cutòr

@gnjct Cfmha-Vczhq

Do-cutòr(s)

Auec Rcru, C`jhm Fcmhhf, T`cmg @gbbcwg

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

`cfmharczhqLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Frhcst dcedhr `cs fhhe t`h jost dojjoe dcedhr ciihdtgek wojhe ge Bormce. Gemgvgmucagzhm rgsn csshssjhet dce gjprovh t`h dost-hiihdtgvhehss oi frhcst dcedhr prhvhetgoe cem hcray mhthdtgoe prokrcjs. Kcga jomha gs wgmhay ushm tooa to strctgiy pctghets geto mgiihrhet rgsn dcthkorghs. @owhvhr @owhvhr,, doedhres cfout gts cppagdcfgagty cdross mgiihrhet mgiihrhet htègd kroups mo hxgst. Ge t`gs stumy, stumy, wh rhport our hxphrghedh wgt` t`h cppagdctgoe oi c jomghm vhrsgoe oi t`gs jomha cjoek Bormcegce wojhe. Jhtòms2

Doeshdutgvh wojhe, ckhm 30 yhcrs or oamhr, wgt` `gstoaokgdcaay-doerjhm mgckeosgs oi frhcst dcedhr whrh gedaumhm. ]`h jhce 8-yhcr rgsn sdorh cem t`h jhce agih-tgjh rgsn sdorh whrh dcaduacthm usgek t`h TCT prokrcj moweaocmhm iroj EDG whfsgth. \ctghets whrh gedaumhm ge t`h cecaysgs wgt` t`h `ypot`htgdca cssujptgoe t`ct t`hy `cm eot mhvhaophm frhcst dcedhr. dcedhr. Kcga rgsn csshssjhet jomha (VCJ) wcs jomghm usgek aodca vgtca stctgstgds. ]`h jhce dcaduacthm rgsn sdorh ior wojhe ckhm æ‼¥ 9< yhcrs (e:473) wcs <.98. ]`gs eujfhr, eujfhr, w`gd` dorrhspoems to t`h Kcga orgkgeca sdorh oi 3.99, wcs ushm cs c dutoii poget to dcthkorgzh pctghets cs `gk` rgsn. Vhsuats2

C totca oi 3;09 frhcst dcedhr pctghets wgt` c jhce ckh oi 8< (rcekh2 37-74) yhcrs whrh gedaumhm. Tgjgacr to t`h jhtòmoaoky ushm fy t`h orgkgeca Kcga VCJ, t`h jomghm vhrsgoe wcs cppaghm oe pctghets ckhm 48-87.7 yhcrs (e:3634). ]`h jhce hstgjcthm rgsn ior mhvhaopgek gevcsgvh frhcst dcedhr ovhr t`h ioaaowgek vh yhcrs wcs <.8= (78% DG2 <.86, <.89) cem t`h agihtgjh rgsn wcs 4.=6 (78%





































\-0 Hiihdt oi ]gjh to Turkhry Cithr Dojpahtgoe oi Ehocmbuvcet D`hjot`hrcpy ge Frhcst Dcedhr \ctghet oe Turvgvca Outdojhs Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Jc`joum Ca-Jcsrg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Fcsgj Bcacfeh`

Do-cutòr(s)

@ceg Ca-Ecbbcr, ]cjcmur Cas`cjcgah`

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

jcajcsrgLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Ehocmbuvcet d`hjot`hrcpy `cs fhdojh oeh oi t`h dorehrstoehs oi t`h trhctjhet oi frhcst dcedhr. dcedhr. @owhvhr, t`h tgjh fhtwhhe surkhry cem d`hjot`hrcpy `cs fhhe jorh dahcray ckrhhm upoe ge t`h cmbuvcet shttgek cs t`hrh gs eo mhehm doeshesus oe t`h optgjca tgjh fhtwhhe ehocmbuvcet d`hjot`hrcpy cem surkhry. surkhry. Our koca gs to cecayzh t`h hiihdt oi tgjh fhtwhhe t`h hem oi ehocmbuvcet trhctjhet cem surkhry oe ovhrcaa survgvca (OT) cem hvhet-irhh survgvca (HIT). Jhtòms2

[h rhtrosphdtgvhay cecayzhm =90 pctghets wgt` stckhs G-GGG frhcst dcedhr wò rhdhgvhm cem dojpahthm t`h scjh rhkgjhe oi ehocmbuvcet trhctjhet (Cet`rcdydagehs cem ]cxcehs) ge Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr, Bormce fhtwhhe 6<<9 cem 6<3=. [h mgvgmhm t`h pctghets geto 4 kroups, 1= whhns, =-0 whhns cem 50 whhns fhtwhhe hem oi d`hjot`hrcpy cem t`h mcth oi surkhry. Vhsuats2

Ge our doòrt, t`h jcborgty oi pctghets `cm stckhs GG-GGG frhcst dcedhr wgt` oeay iour pctghets wgt` stckh G. 79.0% whrh hgt`hr gevcsgvh mudtca or gevcsgvh aofuacr dcrdgeojcs. ;9.6% cem ;=.3% `cm HV cem \V posgtgvgty, rhsphdtgvhay. 6;.7% whrh @hr6/ehu posgtgvh. 78.7% `cm cmbuvcet rcmgot`hrcpy cem 0=% whrh cagvh ct t`h tgjh oi t`h cecaysgs. Aodca rhdurrhedh rcth wcs 9.9% (43/=90). 76 pctghets (37.;%) `cm dojpahth pctòaokgdca rhspoesh (\DV). Jhmgce ioaaow up tgjh wcs 4.0 yhcrs. Ge our cecaysgs, t`h kroups `cm hqugvcahet HIT. @owhvhr, OT wcs mhtrgjhetcaay ciihdthm gi pctghets `cm uemhrkoeh surkhry fhyoem 0 whhns dojpcrhm to fhtwhhe =-0 whhns.







































\-7 Voah oi Thetgeha Ayjp` Eomh Fgopsy (TAEFx) ge Judgeous Frhcst Dcedhr2 Gs gt ]gjh to Vhdoesgmhr? Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Jc`joum Cfu Mcnnc

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Icwcz @cs`gj

Do-cutòr(s)

@ceg Ca-Ecbbcr, Jc`joum Ca-Jcsrg

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

jc.36086Ln`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Judgeous dcrdgeojc (JD) gs c rcrh yht whaa-mhehm hetgty ge frhcst dcedhr. @gstoaokgdcaay, t`hy crh whaa-mgiihrhetgcthm whaa-mgiihr hetgcthm suftyphs oi gevcsgvh dcrdgeojc neowe ior t`hgr icvorcfah prokeosgs. JD gs mhehm cs c tujor w`hrh t`h judgeous dojpoehet rhprhshets 8<% or jorh oi t`h tujor. Judgeous dcedhrs crh neowe ior aow gedgmhedh oi aodca rhdurrhedh, A.E gevoavhjhet cem mgstcet jhtcstcsgs. ]`gs icvorcfah outdojh `cs hedourckhm jcey to hvcaucth t`h ehhm ior cxgaacry surkhry ge t`gs kroup oi pctghets. Hvcaucth t`h prhvcahedh oi t`h eomca mgshcsh ge pctghets wgt` Judgeous dcedhrs cem gmhetgiygek c sufkroup oi pctghets ge wòj TAEF douam fh scihay ojgtthm. Jhtòms2

\ctghets wò uemhrwhet cxgaacry surkhry cithr t`h mgckeosgs JD ct N@DD fhtwhhe (6<<0-6<3;) whrh





































\-3< C Vhvghw oe Frhcst Dcedhr \ufagdctgoes Cdross t`h Dcedhr Dcrh \ct`wcy ge Doegdt Thttgeks oi t`h Jhec Vhkgoe Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Vgjc Cfmua-N`cah Cfmua-N`cahnn

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Vgjc Cfmua-N`cah Cfmua-N`cahnn

Do-cutòr(s)

K`cssce Cfu-Tgttc, Ecssgj Ha Cd`g, Cyc Eoufceg, C`jcm Hacjgeh, Fcd`cr D`cyc, Ic`cm C`jhm, Vgd`crm Tuaagvce

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

rgjccfmuan`cahnLòtjcga.doj

Douetry

AF

Getromudtgoe2

Frhcst dcedhr rhshcrd` dcpcdgty vcrghs ge mgiihrhet douetrghs oi t`h JHEC rhkgoe. ]`gs rhvghw cgjs to cecayzh jhtòmoaokghs ushm ge frhcst dcedhr pufagdctgoes cdross mgiihrhet stckhs oi t`h dcedhr dcrh pct`wcy cem cdross mgiihrhet doegdt ciihdthm douetrghs oi t`h JHEC rhkgoe. Jhtòms2

[h ioaaowhm \VGTJC-Tdr jhtòmoaoky. [h shcrd`hm ior phhr-rhvghwhm frhcst dcedhr pufagdctgoes ge 3< mctcfcshs usgek fot` doetroaahm vodcfuacry cem nhyworms. \ufagdctgoe cfstrcdts cem iuaa-thxt vhrsgoes whrh sdrhhehm ge mupagdcth cem gedaumhm ge our stumy fcshm oe prh-sphdghm hagkgfgagty drgthrgc. [h ushm c strudturhm mctc hxtrcdtgoe iorj to hxtrcdt geiorjctgoe rhacthm to t`h pufagdctgoe cem gts jhtòmoaoky, cem t`h dcedhr dcrh pct`wcy fhgek stumghm.





































\-33 Hiihdt oi Tdcap Dooagek Tysthj ge t`h \rhvhetgoe oi D`hjot`hrcpy-Gemudhm @cgr Aoss Cjoek Bormcegce [ojhe wgt` Frhcst Dcedhr. Dcedhr. Geuhedh oi @gbcf cem D`hjot`hrcpy Vhkgjhe oe Tuddhss Vcths Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

@gnjct Cfmha-Vczhq

\rhshetgek Cutòr

@czhj Cfmuahac`

Do-cutòr(s)

Cjhr Nahgf, ]cac Cwcfmh`, Jcbm @cjhm-Caah`, Cyct ]cqcs`

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

`cfmharczhqLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

@cgr aoss gs oeh oi t`h jost ihcrhm dojpagdctgoes oi d`hjot`hrcpy. Caophdgc gs cssodgcthm wgt` psydòsodgca strhss cem gs dojjoe hsphdgcaay so wgt` cet`rcdydagehs cem tcxcehs dojjoeay ushm ior frhcst dcedhr. Tdcap dooagek gs gedrhcsgekay ushm ge ce ctthjpt to prhvhet d`hjot`hrcpy-gemudhm caophdgc cem rcdgca mgiihrhedhs `cm fhhe eothm ge gts suddhss. Ge t`gs pcphr, wh wgaa stumy t`h hiihdtgvhehss oi sdcap dooagek ge prhvhetgek caophdgc cjoek c kroup oi Bormcegce wojhe trhcthm ior frhcst dcedhr cem wgaa caso cmmrhss t`h hiihdt oi whcrgek `hcm dovhr (@gbcf) cem ot`hr dagegdca vcrgcfa hs oe gts suddhss rcth. Jhtòms2

Frhcst dcedhr pctghets trhcthm wgt` cet`rcdydagehs cem/or cem /or tcxcehs, cem ushm sdcap dooagek systhj whrh gmhetghm. \cxjce Tdcap Dooagek Tysthj (\cxjce Dooahrs Agjgthm, @ummhrsham, XN) wcs utgagzhm.





































\-36 Ttrhcjagegek t`h Gethrvhetgoeca Frhcst Gjckgek [ornow fy Ahce Jhtòmoaoky Gjpahjhetctgoe Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Tu`c Kòua

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Tu`c Kòua

Do-cutòr(s)

Mcec Ecs`cwctg, Tcwsce Jutacn, Cshj Jcesour, Cfmuaac` Bcjga

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

mk.<0<0;Ln`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

\roaoekhm wcgt tgjhs ior gjckh-kugmhm frhcst gethrvhetgoes crh rugegek t`h pctghet hxphrghedh cem ehkctgvhay ciihdt `hcat`dcrh wornhrs. Cmoptgek ahce jhtòmoaoky `haps strhcjageh t`h prodhss cem gjprovh pctghet sctgsicdtgoe. Jhtòms2

]`gs gs c qucagty gjprovhjhet probhdt w`gd` cgjs to drhcth ce hidghet gethrvhetgoeca frhcst gjckgek wornow usgek ahce jhtòmoaoky jhtòmoaoky fy rhmudgek wcsths wcsths oi caa ngems gedaumgek tgjh tgjh cem jcthrgcas. Gt cgjs to gjprovh pctghets‗ sctgsicdtgoe fy mhdrhcsgek t`h wcgt tgjhs Jcthrgcas cem Jhtòms2 [h ushm t`h ahce sgx Tgkjc Mheh, Jhcsurh, Cecayzh, Gjprovh cem Doetroa (MJCGD). ]`h thcj jhjfhrs ushm tooas sud` cs ciegty mgckrcj to mheh t`h durrhet profahjs ge t`h wornow cem t`h root dcush oi proaoekhm wcgt tgjhs. t gjhs. ]hcj ]hcj jhjfhrs kct`hrhm ofshrvctgoes. Voot dcush cecaysgs usgek c





































\-34 FVCIY9<
Jc`joum Ca Jcsrg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

]cwihhq Ca-sòfcng

Do-cutòr(s)

Vcica gsnhemcrgce, Hecs Wouegs, Ehvhhe Cfmuaac`, @uscscj @cmmcm, Cfmhak`ceg ]fcn`g, @ceg Ca-Ecbcr

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

jcajcsrgLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

\cpgaacry t`yrogm dcrdgeojc (\]D) gs t`h jost dojjoe t`yrogm ehopacsj, cem cddouets ior 00% oi caa t`yrogm jcagkecet ehopacsjs. ]`h gedgmhedh oi \]D `cs fhhe sthcmgay gedrhcsgek ovhr t`h yhcrs. FVCI jutctgoes, rhprhshet t`h jost dojjoe khehtgd hvhet ge t`yrogm dcrdgeojcs cem `cs t`h `gk`hst gedgmhedh ge \]D, rcekgek fhtwhhe 67-00% oi caa dcshs cddormgek to juatgpah stumghs wgt` mgiihrhet mhjokrcp`gd shttgeks. Vhdhetay, Vhdhetay, gt `cs hjhrkhm cs c projgsgek prokeostgd jcrnhr ior rgsn strctgdctgoe oi pctghets wgt` pcpgaacry t`yrogm dcrdgeojc. ]`hrh ]`hrh gs doetrovhrsy ge doesgmhrgek FVCI jutctgoe cs c prokeostgd thst. Jhtòms2

]`h prgjcry hempoget gs t`h proportgoe oi FVCIY9<






































\-3= Voah oi t`h Acpcrosdopgd Cpprocd` to Geshrtgoe G eshrtgoe oi Ihhmgek ]ufh ]ufh Kcstrostojy ge \ctghets wgt` @hcm cem Dcedhrs2 Ce Hcray Hxphrghedh Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Fcsga B. Cjjorg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

@ut`cgic Csjcr

Do-cutòr(s)

@ceg Ca-Ecbcr

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

fc.36034Ln`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

\ctghets wgt` `hcm cem ehdn dcedhrs jcy rhqugrh ihhmgek tufh kcstrostojy murgek t`h doursh oi t`hgr trhctjhet. Turkgdca kcstrostojy gs gemgdcthm ge pctghets wò icgahm or uesugtcfah ior hemosdopgd or rcmgoaokgd kcstrostojy tufh geshrtgoe. Ophe tufh kcstrostojy gs cssodgcthm wgt` `gk` jorfgmgty





































\-38 Gjprovhm Dcrh oi @hcm cem Ehdn Dcedhr \ctghets wgt` phrsgsthet ]rcd`hostojy ]rcd`hostojy fy \cssy-Jugr Ycavh, rhtrosphdtgvh stumy ge N@DD Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Gfrc`gj Ca-Jccytc

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Gfrc`gj Ca-Jccytc

Do-cutòr(s)

Ojcr Ca Tcrcgrh`

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

hjcytcLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

]`h trcd`hostojy tufh mhdrhcshs t`h cfgagty oi pctghet to dojjuegdcth hiihdtgvhay. ]`h cfgagty to sphcn provgmhs ce gjportcet gjprovhjhet ge t`h qucagty oi agih ior c pctghet wgt` trcd`hostojy. ]`h sphcngek vcavh gs c futtoe agnh pghdh oi hqugpjhet t`ct gs pacdhm oe t`h outhr ùf oi t`h trcd`hostojy tufh. ]`h oeh-wcy vcavh ophes to aht cgr ge t`rouk` t`h trcd`hostojy w`he t`h





































\-39 \rhmgdtors oi Outdojh ge Gethrjhmgcth Vgsn Cduth Jyhaogm Ahunhjgc Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Jo`cjjcm Jc'nosh`

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Jo`cjjcm Jc'nosh`

Do-cutòr(s)

Ncjca Ca-rcfg, Agec Jcrgh, C`jhm Ca-T`youn`, Vcjg Cawcrmct, @gnjct Cfmha-Vczhq

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

mj.<7;==Ln`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Gethrjhmgcth-rgsn cduth jyhaogm ahunhjgc (CJA) gedaumhs `hthrokhehous kroup oi pctghets wgtòut icvorcfah or ueicvorcfah dytokhehtgd cfhrrctgoes. Vhdhetay, eovha joahduacr jcrnhrs `cvh rhehm t`hgr rgsn strctgdctgoe, fut thstgek ior t`hsh jcrnhrs gs eot wgmhay cvcgacfah. Tgkegdcet Tgkegdcet prhmgdtors oi





































\-3; ]`h Thvhrgty oi Ictgkuh cjoek Foeh Jcrrow ]rcespacetctgoe \ctghets \ost ]rcespacet Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Oscjc Cfmcarc`jce

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Oscjc Cfmcarc`jce

Do-cutòr(s)

Hzzcamhhe Cajcs`cgn`, @cac Cabcrrc`

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

orc`jceLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Ictgkuh gethrihrhs wgt` t`h t `h gemgvgmuca‗s gemgvgmuca‗s iuedtgoegek cem qucagty oi agih ge pctghets wgt` dcedhr dcedhr.. Cithr d`hjot`hrcpy cem post Foeh Jcrrow ]rcespacetctgoe ]rcespacetctgoe (FJ]), ictgkuh gs eot cmhqucthay cmmrhsshm cem prgorgtgzhm cjoek `hcat` dcrh provgmhrs.





































\-30 Outdojhs oi Cduth Jyhaogm Ahunhjgc ]rhcthm wgt` Ttcemcrm Gemudtgoe D`hjot`hrcpy ge Bormce Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Jo`cjjcm Jc'nosh`

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Jo`cjjcm Jc'nosh`

Do-cutòr(s)

Vcjg Ca-wcrmct, Ncjca Ca-Vcfgh, Agec Jcrgh, Mcagc Ca-Vgjcwg, Cecs ca-Fcwcagz, C`jcm Ha-sòyoun`

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

mj.<7;==Ln`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Outdojh oi Cduth Jyhaogm Ahunhjgc (CJA) trhcthm wgt` stcemcrm cet`rcdydageh cem dytcrcfgeh fcshm d`hjot`hrcpy gs ciihdthm fy juatgpah icdtors. Agttah gs neowe cfout mgshcsh d`crcdthrgstgds cem pothetgca icdtors ciihdtgek t`h outdojh oi t`hsh pctghets ge Bormce.







































\-37 Cumgt oe t`h Cmhqucdy oi Foeh Jcrrow Tphdgjhes ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr, Murgek t`h Whcr 6<30 Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Eczjg Ncjca

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Jcmg`c Hrcs`mg

Do-cutòr(s)

Jc`hr CaTuk`cyhr

Ciagctgoe






































\-6< \rokeosgs cem Outdojh ge pctghets wgt` \uajoecry Dcrdgeogm ]ujors2 C Tgekah Dhethr Hxphrghedh ct t`h Cjhrgdce Xegvhrsgty oi Fhgrut Jhmgdca Dhethr Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

@czhj Cssg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

@cgmcr Ha Mcrsc

Do-cutòr(s)

Igrcs Nrhgmgh`, Buaghtt Fhrro, \ghrrh Tihgr, Tihgr, Cag T`cjshmmgeh, Crcict ]icyag





































\-63 Ycrgcfahs Cathrgek t`h Gjpcdt oi Vhspgrctory Kcthm D] Tgjuactgoe oe \aceegek ]crkht Yoaujh ge Vcmgot`hrcpy ior Auek Dcedhr Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Icwzg Cfu`gbac

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Icwzg Cfu`gbac

Do-cutòr(s)

Cfmhaactgi Ca-Jousc, Vcjgz Cfu`gbag`, Aufec @cjjoumh`, N`cagm Mgfs, Cmòof Ca-@cjjcmg, ]c`hr ]c`hr Cfu`hbah`, Bcjca N`cmhr





































\-66 \rhmgdtgek Turvgvca ge \ctghets wgt` Cmvcedhm Dcedhr ge @ojh Dcrh Thttgek Xsgek \caagctgvh \rokeostgd Gemhx Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Icmg Cfu-Icrscn`

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Icmg Cfu-Icrscn`

Do-cutòr(s)

Ojcr T`cjgh`

Ciagctgoe






































\-64 Crh \ctghets [gaagek to \crtgdgpcth ge \caagctgvh cem Hem-oi-Agih Vhshcrd`? Igemgeks iroj c ]hrtgcry ]hrtgcry Dcrh Dcedhr Dhethr ge Bormce Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Cjca Ca-] Ca-]cffc' cffc'

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Cjca Ca-] Ca-]cffc' cffc'

Do-cutòr(s)

Ojcr T`cjgh`, N`cwac` Cjjcr, Cjjcr, Gsjcga Cfus`hgn`, @hery Tgavhrjce

Ciagctgoe








































\-6= \rothdtgek \caagctgvh cem Hem-oi-Agih Vhshcrd` Tufbhdts2 Crh [h Ovhrmogek Gt?





































\-68 Gethesgty oi Dcedhr Dcrh Ehcr t`h Hem-oi-Agih ct c ]hrtgcry Dcrh Dcedhr Dhethr





































\-69 Dagegdca ]rgcas ge Todgca Jhmgc2 Doethet Cecaysgs oi cvcgacfah Wou]ufh Ygmhos ge





































\-6; ]`h Gjpcdt oi ]`h Ophe-Cddhss Ttctus oe Boureca Gemgdhs2 Oedoaoky Bourecas





































\-60 \rhmgdtors oi Oxcagpactge-Gemudhm @hpctotoxgdgty2 Gedrhcsh ge Tpahhe Yoaujh or













































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































\-87 Krowt` Icdtor Tupport cem Outpctghet D`hjot`hrcpy Cmjgegstrctgoe Icdgagtcths Gethrvca Dojprhssgoe ior D`gamrhe wgt` Hwgek Tcrdojc Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Gycm Tuatce

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Gycm Tuatce

Do-cutòr(s)

Tcjhr Tcac`, Cewcr Caecssce, Cfmhaactgi Cajousc, Gfrc`gj Catfcn`g, C`jcm T`h`cmh`

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

gsuatceLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Gethrvca Dojprhssgoe `cs fhdojh t`h stcemcrm cpprocd` to mhagvhr gethesgvh juatgckhet d`hjot`hrcpy ior pctghets wgt` Hwgek scrdojc (HT). Hidcdy cem scihty oi t`gs rhkgjhe gs whaahstcfags`hm. @owhvhr @owhvhr,, doedhres rhkcrmgek prcdtgdcagty prcdtgdcagty oi t`gs rhkgjhe ge aow cem jgmmah gedojh douetrghs crh stgaa prhshet. Jhtòms2

[h rhvghwhm rhvghwhm pctghets wgt` HT wò prhshethm prhshethm to N@DD iroj Bce6<3< tgaa Mhd6<3;. Mhd6<3;. Oi eoth, wh stcrthm usgek usgek dojprhsshm dojprhsshm rhkgjhe sgedh Bue6<34. KDTI wcs wcs kgvhe kgvhe routgehay routgehay ior dojprhsshm dojprhsshm dydahs. Mhjokrcp`gds, d`crcdthrgstgds d`crcdthrgstgds ct prhshetctgoe, t`hrcpy mhtcgas cem outdojh whrh rhdormhm. rhdormhm. Vhsuats2

Igity egeh pctghets rhdhgvhm t`h dojprhsshm rhkgjhe cem whrh dojpcrhm to 49 pctghets wò `cm rhdhgvhm rhdhgvhm t`h doevhetgoeca doevhetgoeca rhkgjhe. rhkgjhe. ]`h jcborgty jcborgty oi dydahs whrh whrh kgvhe oe outpctghet outpctghet fcsgs (;0%). ]`hrh wcs wcs eo sgkegdcet sgkegdcet mgiihrhedh mgiihrhedh ge pctghets‗ pctghets‗ d`crcdthrgstgds ge thrjs oi khemhr khemhr, ckh, sgth oi tujor or jhtcstctgd stctus. \ctghets wò rhdhgvhm rhdhgvhm t`h dojprhsshm dojprhsshm rhkgjhe `cm `cm sgkegdcetay ahss hpgsomhs oi ihfrgah ehutrophegc ehutrophegc (IE, (IE, 36% vs. 6<% oi caa dydahs, \:<.<<7). Ot`hr toxgdgtghs gedaumgek ehutrophegc, t`rojfodytophegc, t`rojfodytophegc, fcdthrhjgc cem `hjcturgc whrh sgjgacr ge t`h 6 kroups. ]`h hstgjcthm 8-yhcr HIT oi pctghets wgt` aodcagzhm mgshcsh wcs ;;³3<% ior pctghets rhdhgvhm t`h doevhetgoeca rhkgjhe vs. 09³0% ior pctghets rhdhgvgek rhdhgvgek t`h dojprhsshm rhkgjhe rhkgjhe (\:<.96). \ctghets wgt` jhtcstctgd mgshcsh `cm jorh rhjcrncfah gjprovhjhet (8-yhcr HIT oi =9³33% vs. 34³0%, p:<.38). Doedausgoes2

Ct our dhethr, dhethr, gethrvca dojprhssgoe wcs scih cem cem ahcm to gjprovhm outdojh. ]`h cmjgegstrctgoe oi KDTI wcs cssodgcthm wgt` ihwhr hpgsomhs hpgsomhs oi IE. Jhtcstctgd pctghets fhehthm fhehthm iroj t`gs cpprocd` cpprocd` cem sòuam fh trhcthm wgt` t`gs rhkgjhe. Igecedgca scvgeks cem cm`hrhedh cm`hrhedh to protodoa whrh cd`ghvhm fy utgagzgek our outpctghet uegt ior d`hjot`hrcpy cmjgegstrctgoe. cmjgegstrctgoe.





































\-9< @ow Cddurcth C Irhh @cem Dorh Ehhmah Fgopsy Dce fh ge t`h Mgckeosgs oi Toit ]gssuh cem Foeh Tcrdojc Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

C`jcm T`h`cmh`

\rhshetgek Cutòr

C`jcm T`h`cmh`

Do-cutòr(s)

Jcrwc T`cttg, Ojcr Bcfhr

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

cs`h`cmh`Ln`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Dacssgd thcd`gek `cs cmvodcthm t`h ush oi ophe fgopsy to mgckeosh cem krcmh hxtrhjgty scrdojc. scrdojc. Vhporthm cmvcetckhs oi dorh ehhmah (]ru-dut) (]ru-dut) fgopsy gedaumh t`h jgegjca jorfgmgty, dost, cem tgjh. ]`h phrdhgvhm mgscmvcetckh `cs fhhe mgckeostgd gecddurcdy, cem scjpah gesuidghedy. ]o prhshet ce gestgtutgoeca hxphrghedh ge dorh ehhmah fgopsy wgtòut gjckh kugmcedh> ior mgckeosgs cem krcmgek oi foeh scrdojc wgt` pcapcfah soit tgssuh dojpoehet cem soit tgssuh scrdojc. Jhtòms2

Iroj Buay 6<<9 tgaa Cprga 6<33, 0= pctghets rhdhgvhm dorh ehhmah fgopsy oe outpctghet fcshs ct ortòphmgd oedoaoky dagegd ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr (N@DD). Igithhe pctghets wgt` Foeh scrdojc wgt` pcapcfah soit tgssuh dojpoehet (Osthoscrdojc e:36, Hwgek‗s scrdojc e:36, Dòemroscrdojc, Kgcet Dhaa ]ujor cem jhtcstctgd ahgojyoscrdojc to foeh 6 hcd`), cem 8= pctghets wgt` Toit tgssuh scrdojc (T]T). Iorty aodcthm ge t`h t`gk` cem ihjur, ihjur, 3< ge t`h futtodn cem gagcd foeh, 36 ge t`h upphr agjf cem 0 ge ot`hr ot`hr pacdhs ,caa fgopsghs whrh whrh phriorjhm fy t`h ahcm cutòr usgek c 36 kcukh ]ru-dut ehhmah, uemhr aodca cehst`hsgc, 9 to 0 dorhs whrh oftcgehm fy rhmgrhdtgoe oi t`h ehhmah t`rouk` t`h scjh hetry wgt` dorrhactgoe to t`h JVG hxthet cem aodctgoe oi t`h ahsgoe. Vcmgoaokgdca sgzh oi t`h tujors rcekhm iroj 8-4< dj. Caa scjpahs whrh shet to our pctòaoky acf ior stumy. Vhsuats2

Caa sphdgjhes oftcgehm whrh cmhqucth to jcnh t`h mgckeosgs. Caa `gstoaokgdca mgckeoshs whrh doedormcet wgt` t`h rhshdtgoe mgckeosgs> two fgopsghs krcmhm aow whrh iouem to fh gethrjhmgcth to `gk` oe t`h rhshdtgoe sphdgjhe. ]wo pctghets mhvhaophm `hjctojc, cem trhcthm wgt` aodca dojprhssgvh mrhssgek. Doedausgoes2

[`he phriorjhm fy hxphrt scrdojc surkhoe cem rhcm fy hxphrt pctòaoky acf, t`h rhsuat oi dorh ehhmah fgopsy ior Toit tgssuh scrdojc cem foeh scrdojc wgt` hxtrc osshous dojpoehet, provgmh cddurcth mgckeostgd geiorjctgoe ior jcagkecedy cem krcmh, cmhqucth dorh ehhmah fgopsy hecfahs to cvogm ophe fgopsy w`gd` mhdrhcshs tgssuh pacehs doetcjgectgoe cem icdgagtcth sufshquhet





































\-93 Toit ]gssuh Tcrdojc Cfuttgek/Gevcmgek t`h Foeh, C \roposhm Kugmhageh ior Turkgdca Jceckhjhet Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

C`jcm T`h`cmh`

\rhshetgek Cutòr

C`jcm T`h`cmh`

Do-cutòr(s)

Tcjhr Tcac`, Cfmactgi Ca Jousc, Tcjhr Cfmha Ca

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

cs`h`cmh`Ln`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

]`h gedgmhedh, surkgdca trhctjhet cem hiihdt oe ovhrcaa survgvca cem rhdurrhedh oi foeh gevcmgek/ cfuttgek soit tgssuh scrdojc, stgaa pooray mhsdrgfhm ge t`h agthrcturh. ]o prhshet ce gestgtutgoeca hxphrghedh rhkcrmgek> surkgdca trhctjhet cem outdojh oi soit tgssuh scrdojc cfuts t`h foeh. Jhtòms2

Iroj Buay 6<<9 -Mhd. 6<39, 636 pctghets wgt` wgmh aodca/dojpcrtjhet rhshdtgoe, ct N@DD. Iorty t`rhh pctghets (6<%) t`h tujor whrh cttcd`hm to t`h foeh. \ctghets mgvgmhm geto 4 kroups2 Kroup 32 foeh cfutjhet oeay (e:68) Kroup 62 62 dortgdca gevcsgoe (e:3<) (e:3<) Kroup 42 hgt`hr jhmuaacry jhmuaacry dceca gevcsgoe or totca hedcshjhet oi foeh (e:0) ]ujor ]ujor aodctgoe gedaumhs2 hxtrhjgty 63, oeh dcsh phavgd cem oeh dcsh d`hst wcaa, oedh dcsh scdruj. Caa pctghets wgt` kroup 3 rhdhgvhm sufphrgosthca rhshdtgoe oi t`h tujor, kroup 6 rhdhgvhm `hjgdortgdca rhshdtgoe, cem kroup 4 rhdhgvhm shkjhetca foeh rhshdtgoe oi t`h gevoavhm foeh. Vhsuats2

Ct jhce ioaaow up oi 89 joet` (39-;0jo) 0 pctghets mghm oi mgshcsh jhtcstcsgs = pctghets mhvhaophm aodca rhdurrhedh ct t`h soit tgssuh, caa oi t`hj t`h pctòaoky oi t`h t `h rhshdtgoe sòw ehkctgvh jcrkge, jcrkge, 6 iroj kroup 3, cem 6 iroj kroup 6. ]wo pctghets `cm rcmgctgoe rhacthm ihjur ircdturh 9/3< pctghets wgt` foeh gevcsgoe oe JVG, iouem to `cvh foeh gevcsgoe ge `gstopctòaoky hxcj. 8 yr. HIT : 84% 8 yr. OT : ;9%. Doedausgoes2

]`gs gs c sjcaa kroup rhtrosphdtgvh pgaot stumy> t`h rhsuats sòw t`ct T]T cfuttgek foeh profcfay mo eot ahcm to worsh outdojh. Our proposhm kugmhageh ior surkgdca jceckhjhet oi mgiihrhet sdhecrgos oi soit tgssuh tujor wgt` cmbcdhet foeh cfutjhet/gevcsgoe dce fh t`h fcsgs ior ofbhdtgvh jhce to pace t`h jceckhjhet oi t`gs suftyph oi soit tgssuh scrdojc. Acrkhr sgzh stumy gs ehhmhm to hxpcem t`gs kugmhageh.





































\-96 Hidcdy oi \czopcegf cs c Thdoem- or ]`grm-ageh ]rhctjhet ior Toit ]gssuh Tcrdojc ct c ]hrtgcry Dcedhr Dhethr ge Ahfceoe Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

@czhj Cssg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Buaghtt Fhrro

Do-cutòr(s)

Eour Cfmua @cagj, Tcgm Tck`gh`, Rgcm Tcahj, Icmg HA Ncrcn, Icmg Icr`ct

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

`c38;Lcuf.hmu.af

Douetry

AF

Getromudtgoe2

\czopcegf gs c ]yrosgeh ]yrosgeh Ngecsh Ge`gfgtor t`ct gs ushm ge cmvcedhm soit tgssuh scdrojcs (T]T) ioaaowgek d`hjot`hrcpy icgaurh. \czopcegf mhjoestrcthm projgsgek tcrkhthm t`hrcpy ge t`h hcray dagegdca trgcas. @owhvhr, @owhvhr, eo mctc hxgsts doedhregek doedhr egek gts hidcdy ge mhvhaopgek douetrghs sud` cs Ahfceoe. ]`gs stumy cgjs to csshss t`h pctthres oi pczopcegf trhctjhet cem gts hidcdy, cs whaa cs t`h T]T suftyphs jost susdhptgfah to \czopcegf trhctjhet. Jhtòms2

]`gs stumy gs c juatg-gestgtutgoe rhtrosphdtgvh d`crt rhvghw. rhvghw. Caa pctghets 30 yhcrs cem cfovh mgckeoshm wgt` cmvcedhm T]T cem trhcthm wgt` \czopcegf cs c shdoem- or t`grm-ageh trhctjhet ct 4 jcbor òspgtcas ge Ahfceoe fhtwhhe Bceucry 3st 6<3= cem Odtofhr 43st 6<30 whrh gedaumhm. \ctghet cem tujor d`crcdthrgstgds whrh doaahdthm. Vhspoesh wcs csshsshm cem survgvca cecaysgs wcs phriorjhm. Vhsuats2

Crouem ;<< pctghets mgckeoshm wgt` soit tgssuh scrdojc whrh sdrhhehm cem oeay 6< pctghets toon pczopcegf. Igithhe pctghets whrh gedaumhm cithr hxdaumgek 4 pctghets mgckeoshm wgt` agposcrdojc agposcrdojc,, cem 6 pctghets mgckeoshm wgt` foeh scrdojc. ]`h jhce ckh wcs =0.9 ^37-99Z yhcrs. Dojjoe `gstoaokgd suftyphs gedaumhm uemgiihrhetgcthm/uedacssghm T]T (e:8> 44.4%), ahgyojyoscrdojc (e:=> 69.;%), syeovgca scrdojc (e:=> 69.;%), cekgoscrdojc (e:3> 9.;%), mhsjogm tujor/mhhp frojctosgs (e:3> 9.;%). Vhspoesh wcs ofshrvhm ge 6 (34.4%) pctghets, oeh oi t`h pctghets wcs mgckeoshm wgt` uemgiihrhetgcthm/uedacssghm T]T cem t`h ot`hr oeh wcs mgckeoshm wgt` syeovgca scrdojc. Fot` sòwhm stcfah mgshcsh. Jhmgce prokrhssgoe-irhh survgvca (\IT) cem jhmgce ovhrcaa survgvca (OT) crh eot stctgstgdcaay sgkegdcet 4 joet`s (78% DG <-9.9;, p5<.<8) cem 6< joet`s (78% DG 38.3-60.;, p5<.<8) ior caa suftyphs, rhsphdtgvhay. rhsphdtgvhay. Doedausgoes2

]o our neowahmkh, t`gs gs t`h rst stumy ge t`h Jgmmah Hcst to csshss t`h hidcdy oi pczopcegf ge pctghets wgt` soit tgssuh scrdojc. @owhvhr, @owhvhr, pczopcegf mgm eot mhjoestrcth projgsgek rhsuats ge t`h Ahfcehsh popuactgoe wò `cm fhhe prhtrhcthm ior scrdojc.





































\-94 Gedgmhedh cem Turvgvca Outdojhs oi Foeh Tcrdojc Tuftyphs ge t`h Ahfcehsh \opuactgoe Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

@czhj Cssg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Voac Ha Tcyhm

Do-cutòr(s)

Eour Cfmua @cagj, Buaghtt Fhrro, Ictgjc T`cjshmmgeh, Tcgm Tck`gh`, Cjgr Gfrc`gj

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

`c38;Lcuf.hmu.af

Douetry

AF

Getromudtgoe2

Foeh Tcrdojcs crh c rcrh hetgty, wgt` sdcrdh rhshcrd` moeh ge t`h Jgmmah Hcst. Ge t`gs shttgek, wh cgj ct mhthrjgegek t`h eujfhr oi pctghets mgckeoshm wgt` foeh scrdojc wò prhshethm to t`h Cjhrgdce Xegvhrsgty oi Fhgrut Jhmgdca Dhethr (CXFJD). ]`gs stumy wgaa `hap s`hm agk`t oe foeh scrdojcs cem t`hgr jost dojjoe suftyphs. Jhtòms2

Caa pctghets 30 yhcrs oam cem cfovh, mgckeoshm wgt` foeh scrdojc cem trhcthm ct t`h Cjhrgdce Xegvhrsgty oi Fhgrut Jhmgdca Dhethr ovhr t`h acst 38 yhcrs crh gedaumhm. Fcshageh mhjokrcp`gds, pctòaokgdca mctc, cem survgvca mctc oi hcd` pctghet wgaa fh doaahdthm iroj t`h jhmgdca rhdorms mctcfcsh. Vhsuats2

Jhmgdca rhdorms oi 660 pctghets whrh rhvghwhm, cem c totca oi 09 pctghets wgt` foeh scrdojc whrh gmhetghm, cem ot`hrs ot`hrs hxdaumhm, jhe cem cem wojhe whrh whrh hqucaay ciihdthm, ciihdthm, cem t`h jhce ckh oi mgckeosgs wcs 43. = suftyphs whrh gmhetghm, 3= pctghets `cm dòemroscrdojc, =3 pctghets `cm osthoscrdojc, 3; `cm Hwgek, cem 3= `cm pahojorp`gd scrdojc. scrdojc. Ge t`h osthoscrdojc osthoscrdojc kroup, 8 pctghets `cm jhtcstcsgs ct mgckeosgs, cem whrh trhcthm mgiihrhetay. mgiihrhetay. ]`h jcborgty oi t`h pctghets `cm scrdojcs fhtwhhe =.6-3< dj. ]ujor aodctgoe wcs mgvgmhm fhtwhhe cxgca cem cpphemgduacr, wgt` t`h jcborgty fhgek cpphemgduacr. C totca oi 33 pctghets `cm jhtcstcsgs. ]`h jost dojjoe sgth oi jhtcstcsgs wcs t`h aueks. aueks. C totca oi 3; pctghets whrh whrh mgckeoshm wgt` Hwgek Hwgek scrdojc, eoeh oi t`h pctghets `cm jhtcstcsgs ct mgckeosgs. Cjoek tòsh 3; pctghets, 3< whrh ihjcahs w`gah ; whrh jcahs. ]`h jhce ch ct mgckeosgs wcs 68yhcrs. Ior 36 oi t`h pctghets (;<.9%) t`h aodctgoe oi t`h tujor wcs cpphemgduacr cem, cem gt wcs cxgca ior = pctghets (64.8%). ]`h jost dojjoe tujor sgzh wcs fhtwhhe =.6-3< dj. C totca oi 9 pctghets `cm jhtcstcsgs to t`h aueks. 38 pctghets rhdhgvhm d`hjot`hrcpy. Doedausgoes2

Tcrdojc gs c thrj ushm to mhsdrgfh c acrkh icjgay oi fot` foeh cem soit tgssuh krowt`s. Gt gs







































\-9= Cmcptgvh Vcmgot`hrcpy ge \ctghets Vhdhgvgek Ehocmbuvcet Vcmgctgoe ior Toit ]gssuh Tcrdojc Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Vcjgz Cfu-@gbag`

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Vcjgz Cfu-@gbag`

Do-cutòr(s)

Tcrc J`hgm, Icwzg Cfu`gbac, [cic Cs`c, Gssc Jo`cjcm, Cfmuaac` Carcs`mce, Tcjhr ca`hht, @cgt`cj Ncec‗ce, Jo`cjjcm Cfm Ca-Vc`hhj, Cfmhactgi Cajousc

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

r`gbag`Ln`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Doethjporcry ehocmbuvcet rcmgot`hrcpy utgagzhs gjckh kugmcedh ior prhdgsh trhctjhet mhagvhry. Cdqugrgek gjckhs murgek trhctjhet provgmhs geiorjctgoe oe pctghets‗ posgtgoe cem cectojy, jorhovhr, gt jcy mhpgdt d`cekhs ge tujor sgzh cem s`cph. Gt `cs fhhe sukkhsthm t`ct soit tgssuh scrdojc voaujhs d`cekh murgek ehocmbuvcet rcmgot`hrcpy. rcmgot`hrcpy. ]`h cgj oi t`gs stumy gs to hvcaucth tujor voaujh d`cekhs murgek prhophrctgvh rcmgot`hrcpy cem to csshss t`h roah oi cmcptgvh rcmgctgoe. Jhtòms2

Fhtwhhe 6<39 cem 6<30, 64 pctghets ckhm ≨30 yhcrs wgt` soit tgssuh scrdojc whrh trhcthm ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr (N@DD). \ctghets cem mgshcsh d`crcdthrgstgds whrh rhtrosphdtgvhay doaahdthm. Caa pctghets rhdhgvhm ehocmbuvcet rcmgctgoe ioaaowhm fy surkgdca rhshdtgoe. ]`h tujor voaujhs (dd) whrh jhcsurhm usgek \geecdah paceegek systhj prgor stcrtgek rcmgot`hrcpy cem murgek trhctjhet, t`h d`cekhs ge voaujh cem cfsoauth mgiihrhedhs whrh hstgjcthm. Jorhovhr, pctghet‗s posgtgoe oe t`h jcd`geh wcs hvcaucthm to csshss shtup oiishts. ]`h trgkkhrs ior pace cmcptctgoe whrh 35 dj hxpcesgoe or uecddhptcfah shtup oiishts. Vhsuats2

]`h jhce tujors voaujh ct prhshetctgoe wcs 03< dd (rcekh, 88-=<<<). Ct acst doeh fhcj D] (DFD]) t`h tujor voaujh `cm d`cekhm ge 3= pctghets (93%)> gt wcs stcfah ge egeh pctghets (47%).





































\-98 \hmgctrgd cem Cmuat Hxphrghedh ge Jceckhjhet oi Igfrojctosgs ge C Tgekah Gestgtutgoe Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Vcjgz Cfu @gbah`

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Vcs`c Mhhfcbc`

Do-cutòr(s)

Eoeh

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

rmhhfcbc`Ln`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Mhsjogm frojctosgs gs c dojpahx doemgtgoe wgt` jcey rhdokegzhm trhctjhets gedaumgek cdtgvh ofshrvctgoe, òrjoeca t`hrcpy, d`hjot`hrcpy, rcmgot`hrcpy cem surkgdca rhshdtgoe. ]`gs stumy dojpcrhm c shrghs oi mhsjogm pctghets pctghets trhcthm ct c sgekah gestgtutgoe gestgtutgoe . Jhtòms2

[h rhvghwhm dagegdca mctc oi 86 pctghets iroj 6<<; to 6<3;. Icdtors sud` cs shx, ckh ct prhshetctgoe, aodctgoe, cem agehs oi t`hrcpy whrh cecayzhm. [h rhvghw t`h dojjoe prhshetctgoe oi mhsjogm frojctosgs gedaumgek t`h doemgtgoe‗s `gstopctòaokgdca, dagegdca cem rcmgoaokgdca d`crcdthrgstgds. ]`h aodca rhdurrhedh rcth cem rhdurrhedh rhdurrhedh-irhh -irhh survgvca whrh cecayzhm wgt` t`hsh icdtors. Vhsuats2

]`h pctghets ge t`h prhshet prhshet stumy 7 pctghet whrh phmgctrgds phmgctrgds cem =4 whrh cmuats. ]`h jhmgce jhmgce ioaaowup tgjh wcs 3< yhcrs. ]`h jost dojjoe syjptoj wcs c jcss, t`h jost dojjoe sgth wcs t`h hxtrhjgtghs. Igity shvhe (8;%) pctghets uemhrwhet rhshdtgoe. Doedausgoes2

Juatgjomca cpprocd` provgmhs icvorcfah mgshcsh outdojh, iurt`hr acrkh sdcah dagegdca trgcas crh rhqugrhm to iurt`hr kugmh mhdgsgoe jcngek.





































\-99 Dorrhactgoe oi Vcmgoaokgd cem \ctòaokgd Vhspoesh ge \ctghets Vhdhgvgek Ehocmbuvcet Vcmgot`hrcpy ior Toit ]gssuh Tcrdojc Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Vcjgz Cfu-@gbag`

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Vcjgz Cfu-@gbag`

Do-cutòr(s)

Tcrc J`hgm, Icwzg Cfu`gbac, [cic Cs`c, Gssc Jo`cjcm, Tcjhhr Wcshr W cshr,, C`jhm T`h`cmh`, Tcjhr Tcjhr Cfmca, Cfmhactgi Cfmhactgi Cajousc, Tcjhr Tcac`

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

r`gbag`Ln`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Gt gs ueneowe gi t`h rcmgoaokgd r cmgoaokgd rhspoesh cithr ehocmbuvcet ehocmbuvcet rcmgctgoe (V]) ge pctghets wgt` soit tgssuh scrdojc dorrhacths wgt` t`h `gstoaokgd rhspoesh or mgshcsh outdojhs. ]`h purposh oi t`gs stumy gs to hvcaucth rcmgokrcp`gd cem `gstoaokgd rhspoeshs ge pctghets wò rhdhgvhm ehocmbuvcet V], V], cem to hvcaucth t`h rhactgoe fhtwhhe t`hsh sòrt-thrj sòrt-thr j surrokcths. Jhtòms2

[h souk`t to rhvghw doeshdutgvh pctghets wgt` prgjcry aodcagzhm scrdojc, wò whrh trhcthm wgt` prhophrctgvh V], V], fhtwhhe 6<39 cem 6<30 ct c sgekah gestgtutgoe. Caa pctghets whrh rhqugrhm to `cvh gegtgcthm V] wgt` t`h gethetgoe to fh ioaaowhm fy durctgvh surkgdca rhshdtgoe. Mctc oe mhjokrcp`gds cem mgshcsh d`crcdthrgstgds whrh rhtrosphdtgvhay doaahdthm, t`h tujor voaujh (dd) wcs dcaduacthm fhiorh cem cithr V], pctòaoky sphdgjhes whrh rhvghwhm ior phrdhet oi ehdrosgs cem stctus oi surkgdca jcrkges. Vhsuats2

]whety-t`rhh pctghets wgt` prgjcry aodcagzhm scrdojc rhdhgvhm prhophrctgvh rcmgot`hrcpy ioaaowhm fy surkhry. surkhry. ]`h tujor voaujh mhdrhcshm cithr ehocmbuvcet V] ge 3< dcshs (=4%) to c jcxgjuj oi 8<% (rcekh, -8 to -8<%), w`gah ge hgk`t pctghets (48%) t`h tujor krhw ge sgzh to c jcxgjuj oi =<% (rcekh, +3< to +=<%). ]`h tujor voaujh wcs stcfah ge vh pctghets (66%). Dojpahth rhshdtgoe (V<)





































\-9; Docts Mgshcsh> D`crcdthrgstgds, Jceckhjhet Outdojhs, cem Tdahrca Hxthreca Mrcgeckh wgt` CD-Jcgetcgehr ior Ttckh 4F Mgshcsh Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

C`jcm HaVgjcwg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

C`jcm HaVgjcwg

Do-cutòr(s)

Wcdouf W cdouf C. Woushi Woushi

Ciagctgoe

Gfe Ca-@cgt`cj @ospgtca

Doetcdt

rgjcwg00Lycòo.doj

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

]o rhport oe t`h d`crcdthrgstgds cem outdojh oi jceckhjhet oi docts mgshcsh, cem to mhsdrgfh c eovha surkgdca thdègquh ior jceckhjhet oi stckh 4F wgt` totca rhtgeca mhtcd`jhet fy sdahrca hxthreca mrcgeckh wgt` CD-jcgetcgehr pacdhjhet prgor to t`h mrcgeckh wgtòut \crs \acec Ygtrhdtojy (\\Y). Jhtòms2

C rhtrosphdtgvh stumy oi 69 hyhs iroj 68 docts‗ pctghets. Outdojh jhcsurhs gedaumhm2 mhjokrcp`gds, prhshetctgoe, acthrcagty, acthrcagty, stckh, trhctjhet, cem outdojh. Vhsuats2

]`h jhmgce ckh ct mgckeosgs wcs 4.8 yhcrs. ]whety pctghets (0<%) whrh jcahs, cem caa hxdhpt 3 kgra `cm uegacthrca mgshcsh. ]`h prhshetgek dojpacget wcs gjpcgrhm vgsgoe ge 34 (8<%) hyhs, ahunodorgc ge 9 (64%) hyhs, cem strcfgsjus ge ; (6;%) hyhs. Fcshm oe t`h T`ghams dacssgdctgoe> 4 (36%) hyhs whrh stckh3, 7 (48%) hyhs whrh stckh6, 3< (40%) hyhs whrh stckh4, 6(0%) hyhs whrh stckh=, cem 6 (0%) hyhs whrh stckh8. \rgjcry jceckhjhet gedaumhm dryot`hrcpy (8=%), acshr pòtodockuactgoe (6;%), getrcvgtrhca Cetg YHKI (64%), getrcvgtrhca sthrogms (64%), cem surkgdca mrcgeckh (36%). ]`h 4 hyhs ge stckh4F (wgt` totca hxumctgvh VM) uemhrwhet sufrhtgeca ugm mrcgeckh wgt` CD jcgetcgehr (dojfgehm wgt` acshr pòtodockuactgoe cem dryot`hrcpy cithr cttgek t`h rhtgec), cem caa `cm t`h rhtgec rhcttcd`hm rhcttcd`hm dojpahthay ior 9 joet`s joet`s ioaaow up cithr t`h surkhry surkhry.. Ct jhce ioaaow up 63 joet`s, = (38%) hyhs whrh heudahcthm, 37 (;4%) hyhs `cm gjprovhjhet or stcfgagzctgoe ge vgsuca





































\-90 Mgstgekugs`hm Ihcturhs oi Facmmhr/ \rostcth V`cfmojyoscrdojc Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr Hxphrghedh Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

]cahf Gsjcha

\rhshetgek Cutòr

]cahf Gsjcha

Do-cutòr(s)

Rhfge Ca Rhfge, N`caga K`cemour, @cmhha @cacas`c, Vcs`c Mhhfcbc, Cfmuactgi Ca-Jusc, Oaict Ca Nomour, Jo`cjjcm Ca Fo`cgsg, Gycm Tuatce

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

tgsjchaLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

V`cfmojyoscrdojc (VJT) gs c `gkày jcagkecet jhshed`yjca tujor cem gs t`h jost dojjoe d`gamòom soit-tgssuh scrdojc. Khegtourgecry VJT gedaumgek gedaumgek Facmmhr/ \rostcth jcnhs up cfout cfout 6=% oi VJT. Facmmhr cem/or prostcth VJT t`hrcpy fhiorh t`h hcray 37; sufshquhet sprhcm oi tujor fhdcush oi poor aodca doetroa cem/or gecmhqucth d`hjot`hrcpy oddurrhm irhquhetay. Tgedh t`h hcray 37;
Igahs oi caa pctghets oi V`cfmojyoscrdojc pctghets trhcthm ct N@DD murgek t`h phrgom iroj Bceucry 3, 6<<4 tgaa Cukust 43,6<39 whrh rhtrosphdtgvhay rhvghwhm. rhvghwhm. Ckh ct mgckeosgs, shx, mcth oi mgckeoshm, rcmgoaokgdca cem pctòaoky rhports, trhctjhet jhtòms cem outdojh whrh rhdormhm. Vhsuats2

]otca oi 393 pctghets whrh mgckeoshm to `cvh VJT, oi t`hj 46(37.0%) pctghets `cvgek facmmhr/ prostcth, oi t`hj 37 pctghets facmmhr(33 jcahs, 0 ihjcahs) cem 34 prostcth VJT. Jhmgce ckh 4yhcrs (rcekh 4j to 3;y). Ehurofrojctosgs typh 3 iouem ge =(4<.;%) prostctgd cem oeh facmmhr(8.6%)







































\-97 Getrcvgtrhca D`hjot`hrcpy ior Vhtgeofacstojc2 ]`h Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr Hxphrghedh Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Wcdouf W cdouf Woushi Woushi

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Gfrc`gj Caecwcgsh`

Do-cutòr(s)

Cjca J. Eourhamge, Gycm Tuatce, Vcs`c Mhhfcbc`, Jcysc Ca-@usscgeg, Vhhj CaBcfcrg, Juegr T`cwckih`, Justcic Jh`ycr, Gjcm Bcrcmct,

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

g_ecwcgsh`Lòtjcga.doj

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

]o hvcaucth our hxphrghedh wgt` getrcvgtrhca jhap`cace d`hjot`hrcpy cs c shdoem-ageh rhkgjhe ior VF pctghets wgt` rhircdtory or rhdurrhet vgtrhous shhms. Jhtòms2

C rhtrosphdtgvh dcsh shrghs oi 39 hyhs iroj 39 pctghets wgt` getrcoduacr VF> 7 (89%) hyhs wgt` iodca vgtrhous shhms, cem ; (==%) hyhs wgt` mgiiush vgtrhous shhms. Caa rhdhgvhm getrcvgtrhca jhap`cace d`hjot`hrcpy usgek cetgrhux gebhdtgoe thdègquh. Mctc gedaumhm2 mhjokrcp`gds, stckh ct mgckeosgs, trhctjhet jomcagtghs, sgmh hiihdts, hyh scavckh, cem survgvca. Vhsuats2





































\-;< @ow Drgtgdca gs t`h \ctòaoky Vhvghw oi \hmgctrgd Tcrdojc Vhihrrhm to C Tphdgcagzhm Dcedhr Dhethr Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

]cahf Gsjcha

\rhshetgek Cutòr

]cahf Gsjcha

Do-cutòr(s)

Gycm Tuatce, Jc`hr Ca Tuk`cyhr, Jcrwc Ca T`cttg, @cyt`cj Ca Bfour

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

tgsjchaLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Jost phmgctrgd soit tgssuh cem foeh scrdojcs crh rcrh. rcrh. ]`gs rcrgty jcnhs gt jorh agnhay to acfha t`hsh tujors wgt` hrroehous mgckeoshs t`ct dce ciihdt sgkegdcetay t`h pace oi dcrh cem t`h uatgjcth outdojh oi ciihdthm pctghets. Jhtòms2

Ge our dhethr dhethr,, caa pctghets rhihrrhm iroj ot`hr òspgtcas crh rhqugrhm to `cvh t`hgr pctòaoky rhvghwhm fy c focrm-dhrtghm pctòaokgst. Mgiduat dcshs crh mgsdusshm ge t`h mcgay pctòaoky jhhtgek cem gi ehdhsscry dcshs crh shet ior gethrectgoeca doesuatctgoe. doesuatctgoe. Ge t`gs rhtrosphdtgvh stumy, stumy, wh rhvghwhm jhmgdca rhdorms oi caa rhihrrhm d`gamrhe uemhr t`h ckh oi 30yhcrs ct tgjh oi rhihrrca, wò whrh mgckeosgs wgt` foeh foeh or soit tgssuh scrdojc scrdojc ge ot`hr gestgtutgoes. gestgtutgoes. Caa pctghets wò wò whrh rhihrrhm rhihrrhm iroj Bceucry 6<<4 tgaa Mhdhjfhr 6<30 whrh rhvghwhm. Jcbor d`cekhs ge pctòaoky mgckeoshs whrh doesgmhrhm gi t`hy pothetgcaay ciihdthm pctghets‗ jceckhjhet or prokeosgs.





































\-;3 Doedojgtcet Getrcoduacr Vhtgeofacstojc cem Dòrogmca @hjcekgojc ge c 3-W 3-Whcr hcr-Oam Foy Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Vcs`c Mhhfcbc`

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Vcs`c Mhhfcbc`

Do-cutòr(s)


Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

rmhhfcbc`Ln`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

[h rhport c dcsh oi doedojgtcet dòrogmca `hjcekgojc ge ce hyh t`ct `crforhm getrcoduacr rhtgeofacstojc (VF) ge c 3-yhcr-oam d`gam. C 36-joet`-oam foy prhshethm wgt` rgk`t w`gth pupga (Ahunodorgc). ]`h gegtgca dagegdca mgckeosgs wcs uegacthrca getrcoduacr VF Kroup D. ]`h hyh wcs trhcthm gegtgcaay fy systhjgd d`hjot`hrcpy dojfgehm wgt` iodca doesoagmctgoe t`hrcpy ioaaowhm fy G-368 pacquh rcmgot`hrcpy. Jcssgvh suf-rhtgeca rhdurrhedh wcs shhe = joet`s acthr, cem Jckehtgd Vhsoecedh Gjckgek (JVG) sòwhm hxtrc-sdahrca gevcsgoe oi t`h tujor, tujor, cem t`hrhiorh heudahctgoe wcs phriorjhm. Jgdrosdopgd hxcjgectgoe rhvhcahm c mgiihrhetgcthm rhtgeofacstojc cssodgcthm ct t`h sgth oi t`h fcsh oi t`h tujor wgt` dòrogmca `hjcekgojc wgt` trces-sdahrca gevcsgoe. Orfgt JVG wcs rhphcthm 4 joet`s cithr t`h surkhry, cem t`hrh wcs eo orfgtca tujor rhdurrhedh. [h crh rhportgek c rcrh dcsh oi pctòaokgdcaay doedojgtcet dòrogmca `hjcekgojc wgt` trces-sdahrca gevcsgoe ge ce hyh t`ct `crforhm cdtgvh rhdurrhet getrcoduacr VF. ]`gs trces-sdahrca hxthesgoe oi `hjcekgojc wcs





































\-;6 \acquh ]`hrcpy ior Oduacr ]ujors, ]ujors, Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr Hxphrghedh


Gjcm Bcrcmct

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Gjcm Bcrcmct

Do-cutòr(s)


Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

gbcrcmctLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

]o hvcaucth t`h hiihdtgvhehss oi gomgeh-368 DOJT pacquh t`hrcpy ior t`h trhctjhet oi oduacr tujors (Xvhca jhaceojc, Vhtgeofacstojc, `hjcekgojc) ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr, Bormce. Jhtòms2

Vhtrosphdtgvh dcsh shrghs oi hyhs wgt` oduacr tujors trhcthm fy hpgsdahrca Gomgeh -368 DOJT rcmgocdtgvh pacquh t`hrcpy. Jcge outdojhs stumghs gedaumhm mhjokrcp`gd, tujor ihcturhs, hyh scavckh, vgsuca outdojh, jhtcstcsgs, cem jortcagty. jortcagty. Vhsuats2

Fhtwhhe Thpthjfhr 6<<0 cem Bce 6<3;, 4= hyhs ior 4= pctghets `cm getrcoduacr uvhca jhaceojc, sgx pctghets `cm rhtgeofacstojc cem iour pctghets `cm `hjcekgojc cem trhcthm fy G-368 rcmgocdtgvh pacquh. ]`h jhce ckh ct mgckeosgs wcs =0 yhcrs ior jhaceojc cem 46 ior `hjcekgojc cem 4 ior





































\-;4 Dhetrca Ehrvous Tysthj ]ujors ]ujors ge Cmoahsdhets cem Wouek Cmuats2 Hpgmhjgoaokgdca Ttumy iroj Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Jcysc Ca-@usscgeg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Jcysc Ca-@usscgeg

Do-cutòr(s)

K`cmhhr @cyha CaJu`cgshe

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

jùsscgegLn`dd.bo

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Cmoahsdhets cem youek cmuats (CWC) ckh kroup acdns tcrkhthm hpgmhjgoaokgd stumghs t`ct csshss t`h prhvcahedh cem outdojh oi tujors. [h cgj to provgmh mhhp cecayshs oi t`h hpgmhjgoaoky oi dhetrca ehrvous systhj (DET) tujors ge CWC CWC ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr (N@DD). Jhtòms2

]`gs gs c rhtrosphdtgvh stumy ior caa DET tujors mgckeoshm ge t`h CWC kroup pctghets mgckeoshm cem jceckhm ct N@DD ge 6<<;-6<39. \ctghets agst wcs rhtrghvhm iroj t`h dhethr‗s dcedhr rhkgstry cem dagegdopctòaokgd mctc wcs rhvghwhm gemgvgmucaay iroj t`h pctghets‗ rhdorms. Vhsuats2

C totca oi 4;< dcshs oi prgjcry DET tujors whrh rhtrghvhm, wgt` c jhmgce ckh oi 60.8 yhcrs. Jcahs outeujfhrhm ihjcahs> 8;.9% cem =6.=%, rhsphdtgvhay (p-vcauh:<.73). Jost tujors oddurrhm ge







































\-;= Outdojhs oi Td`wceeojc \ctghets ge c Jgmmah Hcsthre \opuactgoe> c Tgekah Gestgtutgoe Hxphrghedh Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

@czhj Cssg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

@czhj Cssg

Do-cutòr(s)

Acrc @gaca, T`cmg Fsct, Jcyc D`crcihmmgeh, Buaghtt Fhrro, Vcjg Jorsg, Icmg Tccmh`, Jcrwce Ecbbcr

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

`c38;Lcuf.hmu.af

Douetry

AF

Getromudtgoe2

Td`wceeojcs crh t`h jost dojjoe typh oi phrgp`hrca ehrvh tujors. ]`hy jost dojjoeay crgsh iroj t`h vhstgfuacr portgoe oi t`h hgk`t` drcegca ehrvh, neowe cs vhstgfuacr Td`wceeojcs. ]`h





































\-;8 Mhjokrcp`gds cem Outdojhs oi Jhegekgojc \ctghets ]rhcthm ]rhcthm ct c ]hrtgcry ]hrtgcry Dcrh Dhethr ge t`h Jgmmah Hcst Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

@czhj Cssg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

T`cmg Fsct

Do-cutòr(s)

Gfrc`gj Cfu-K`hgmc, Acrc @gaca, Icmy Khcrc, Jcyc D`crcihmmgeh, Jcrwce Ecbbcr

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

`c38;Lcuf.hmu.af

Douetry

AF

Getromudtgoe2

C jhegekgojc gs t`h jost irhquhetay mgckeoshm getrcdrcegca prgjcry frcge tujor. Jcey rgsn cem prokeostgd icdtors ior jhegekgojcs `cvh fhhe rhporthm prhvgousay iroj vcrgous dhethrs ge





































\-;9 Jhmgdca Vhshcrd` Geiorjctgoe Thhngek Fh`cvgor cjoek \ufagd


Ehmca Ca Vcwcs`mh`

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Ehmca Ca Vcwcs`mh`

Do-cutòr(s)

Vcec Mcjshhs, Jcbhm Ca Bhrcgsy, Hjce Ca Scsgj, C`jcm Mhhf

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

ec.<0<08Ln`dd.bo, rcwcs`mhèhLkj rcwcs`mhèhLkjcga.doj cga.doj

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

\ufagd crh usgek vcrgous sourdhs to upmcth t`hgr geiorjctgoe cfout t`h prokrhss oi t`h jhmgdca neowahmkh. Geiorjctgoe sourdhs vcrghs cem dce fh doesgmhrhm rhagcfah (fcshm oe sdghetgd icdts) cem uerhagcfah sourdhs. ]`h hxtrcdtgoe oi sud` mctc dce pacys c jcbor roah ge t`h pctghets fhaghvhs





































\-;; Mhdrhcsh [cgtgek ]gjh ge t`h Cmuat Outpctghet D`hjot`hrcpy Xegt ct Ngek @usshge Dcedhr Dhethr Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Jo`cjjcm Jc`joum Mcòum

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Jo`cjjcm Jc`joum Mcòum

Do-cutòr(s)

Cacmhhe Caaoufce, Jo`cjjcm ca-n`ycgt , Jurcm scac`g

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

fhtcwg33=Lycòo.doj

Douetry

BO

Getromudtgoe2

Ge t`h `hcat` dcrh shdtor wcgtgek tgjh wcs iouem to fh c kaofca profahj t`ct hedouethrs pctghets w`he t`hy vgsgt jost oi t`h jhmgdca dhetrhs. ]`gs profahj gs doesgmhrhm cs t`h prgjcry sourdh oi pctghet mgssctgsicdtgoe cem wornhr irustrctgoe.





































\-;0 Dcedhr ]gssuh Fcengek Doaacforctgvh Vhshcrd` Hiiort fhtwhhe t`h Jhjorgca Taoce Nhtthrgek Dcedhr Dhethr cem t`h Cjhrgdce Xegvhrsgty oi Fhgrut Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

[cagm Icrcb

\rhshetgek Cutòr

[cagm Icrcb

Do-cutòr(s)

Jcrn Vofsoe, Cyjce ]cwga, Ygdtor Vhuthr, Voy Dcjfrgc, Eour Tc`hf, Cfmua Cfmuaac`, Jcrgcj Nceso, K`gec Ha Eoueou, D`cyjc Fousscyoum, D`rgstop`hr Ncuijce, Boh-Jcx [cn [cngj, gj, Tcemy Fcmsoe, Vokhr [gasoe, Doaahtth @oustoe, Jcrgbc Mrofebcn, Iucm Rgycmh`, K`czg Rcctcrg, Jurrcy Frheece, Cag. N Cfu-Caic, cem K`cssce N. Cfou-Caic

Ciagctgoe


Doetcdt

wi<;Lcuf.hmu.af

Douetry

AF







































\-;7 [ornow Optgjgzgek Vcmgoaoky Vhportgek ]gjh Ioaaowgek \CDT Gjpahjhetctgoe


Tu`c Kòua

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Tu`c Kòua

Do-cutòr(s)

Cfmuaac` Eoica, Vcs`c CfmhaVc`jce, Tcwsce Jutacq, Juihhm Kùfcr, Wcsjhhe Thgmce, Cshj Jcesour, Mcec Ecs`cwctg, Acgt` Cfu @gaca, Tcwsce Juecwhr





































\-0< Jutctgoeca Cecaysgs oi t`h VF3 Kheh cem t`h Ge`hrgtcedh \ctthres oi Vhtgeofacstojc ge Bormce Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Justcic Jh`ycr

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Justcic Jh`ycr

Do-cutòr(s)

Wcdouf C. Woushi, Wcdouf Woushi, Cfmhak`ceg ]fcn`g. ]fcn`g. Jcysc Ca-@usscgeg, Ca-@usscgeg, Gfrc`gj CaEcwcgsh`, Cac Tccf, Cjca C, Jcysc Ecbg, Joec Jo`cjjcm, Vcs`c Mhhfcbc`, Gjcm Bcrcmct, Gycm Tuatce





































\-03 Mhvhaopjhet oi Dojphthedy-Fcshm Vhsgmhedy ]rcgegek \rokrcj ge Vcmgctgoe Oedoaoky> Our 38-Whcr Hxphrghedh Iroj C Mhvhaopgek Douetry Dorrhspoemgek Cutòr

Toemos Ca N`ctgf

\rhshetgek Cutòr

Toemos Ca N`ctgf

Do-cutòr(s)

Bcjca N`cmhr, Cfmhaactgi Ca Jousc

Ciagctgoe






































\-06 \ctghets wgt` Dcedhr oe Ot`hr Tgmh oi t`h Tthtòsdoph


]`cagc Crcwg

\rhshetgek Cutòr

]`cagc Crcwg cem Rhgm Ioueoueg

Do-cutòr(s)

Rhgm Ioueoueg

Ciagctgoe






































Ecjh

\rhi

Cfmhactgi Cajousc

O-8<

Cfmuaac` Ofcgm

\-84

Cfhhr Ca Vcfcyc`

O-49

C`jcm HaVgjcwg

\-9;



















































































































































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