WELDING INSPECTION, STEEL – WIS 5 MULTI – CHOICE QUESTION PAPER ( MSR – WI – 4) Answer a !"es#$%n &' Der Derea eas$ s$n n %*+ %*+%n %nen en#s #s are are esse essen# n#$a $a % %r r !"a !"a$# $#- we. we.$n $n /"# /"# w0en w0en we.e. s%*e aen# *a- 1 a' Ca"se %rr%s$% %rr%s$%n n +r%/e +r%/e*s *s /' Lea2e Lea2e res$ res$."e ."es s ' G$2e G$2e % % #%3$ #%3$ aes aes d. All of the the abov above e ' Ce"%s Ce"%se e ee#r%.es ee#r%.es are %#en %#en "se. %r #0e .e+%s$#$% .e+%s$#$%n n % a r%%# +ass +ass %n +$+es we.e. $n #0e $e.' T0$s $s /ea"se a' H-.r%en H-.r%en %n#r %n#r% % $s re!"$re. re!"$re. /' T0e 0$0 .e+%s$#$%n .e+%s$#$%n ra#e ra#e ."e #% #0e $r%n +%w.er +%w.er %n#en# %n#en# c. The hydrogen gas produced in the flux increases the arc voltage .' A % #0e #0e a/%2 a/%2e e 6' In #0e #0e we. we.$n $n % a"s# a"s#en en$# $#$ $ s#a$ s#a$n nes ess s s#ee s#ees s,, #0e #0e ee ee#r #r%. %.e e an. an. +a# +a#e e *a#er$as are %#en s+e$$e. #% /e %w ar/%n %n#en#' T0e reas%n %r #0$s1 a' T% +re2en# +re2en# #0e #0e %r*a#$% %r*a#$%n n % ra7s ra7s $n #0e 0a8 0a8 b. To prevent prevent the formation formation of chromium chromium carbides carbides ' T% +re2e +re2en# n# ra7$ ra7$n n $n #0e we. we. .' M$n$*$8e M$n$*$8e .$s#%r#$ .$s#%r#$%n %n 4' W$#0 rear.s rear.s #% a we.$n +r%e."re, +r%e."re, an essen#$a essen#$a 2ar$a/e 2ar$a/e *a-1 a' C0ane C0ane #0e +r%+er +r%+er#$es #$es % % #0e we. we. /' In"ene In"ene #0e #0e 2$s"a 2$s"a ae+#an ae+#ane e ' Re!"$re Re!"$re re9a++ re9a++r%2a r%2a % a we. we. +r%e." +r%e."re re d. All of the the abov above e 5' W0$0 W0$0 % #0e % %% %w$n w$n NDT NDT *e#0%. *e#0%.s s an %n- .e#e# .e#e# s"rae s"rae /rea7$ /rea7$n n .ee#s a' MPI b. DPI ' UT .' RT e' :% :%#0 #0 a an. an. / ;' W0$0 W0$0 % #0e % %% %w$n w$n .ee# .ee#s s w%". w%". s0%w "+ as $0# $0# $n.$a $n.$a#$% #$%ns ns %n a ra.$%ra+0 a' Sa $n"s $n"s$%ns $%ns an. %++er %++er $n"s $n"s$%n $%n b. Tungsten inclusions and excessive excessive root root penetration penetration ' Ca+ "n.er"# "n.er"# an. r%%# +$+$n +$+$n .' E3ess$2e a+ 0e$0# 0e$0# an. $n%*+e#e $n%*+e#e r%%# +ene#ra#$%n +ene#ra#$%n <' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n %%w$n ee#r%.es ee#r%.es $s #0e *%s# *%s# $7e- #% %n#a$n #0e ares# ares# !"an#$#- % %*/"s#$/e %ran$ %*+%"n.s a' :as$ /' A$ A$.$ ' R"#$e .' Cellulose' Cellulose' =' La*ea La*ear r #ear$n #ear$n $s #0e /es# +re2en# +re2en#e. e. /-1 1
a' T0e "se % +a#e *a#er$as *a#er$as %n#a$n$n %n#a$n$n %w e2es % $*+"r$#$es /' T0e "se "se % /"##er$n /"##er$n r"ns ' P%s# P%s# we. we. s#re s#ress ss re$e re$e d. Bo Both th a and and b e' A % #0e a/%2e a/%2e >' W0en W0en %ns %ns$. $.er er$n $n ra.$ ra.$% %ra ra+0 +0- "s$n "s$n 39ra9ra-,, w0$ w0$0 0 % #0e #0e % % %w %w$n $n #e0n$!"es $s *%s# $7e- #% /e "se. %r a +$+e #% +$+e we.($r"*eren#$a we.($r"*eren#$a sea*), ;&?** .$a*e#er w$#0 n% $n#erna aess a' SWSI b. DWI ' DWDI .' SWSI9+ SWSI9+an% an%ra* ra*$ $'' &?' A /aane. we.$n #e0n$!"e %r %r e3a*+e /a7 s#e+ we.$n $s *%s# %#en "se. %r1 a' C%n#r% C%n#r%$n $n a*e a*ear ar #ear$n #ear$n /' Inreas$n Inreas$n we. #%"0ness #%"0ness ' Re."$n Re."$n we. 8%ne 0ar.ness 0ar.ness d. !educing !educing distorti distortion on &&' &&' :as$ :as$ %a %a#e #e. . ee ee# #r% r%.e .es s 0a2 0a2e e w0$ w0$0 0 % #0e #0e % %% %w$ w$n n +r%+ +r%+er er#$ #$es es a' "igh "igh mechanic mechanical al properties properties may be used to produce #elds of high deposition rates and to produce #elds of lo# hydrogen content ' /' @r$a/ @r$a/e e sa, sa, 0$0 *e0an$ *e0an$a a s#ren# s#ren#0 0 an. #% +r%." +r%."e e we.s we.s % a %w 0-.r%en %n#en# ' L% L%w w 0-.r% 0-.r%en en %n#en %n#en## we.s, we.s, %%. s#%+s# s#%+s#ar# ar# +r%+er# +r%+er#$es $es an. 0$0 0$0 s#ren#0 .' L%w ar/%n %n#en# we.s, we.s, r$a/e r$a/e sa an. 0$0 s#ren#0 s#ren#0 &' &' On a ra. ra.$%ra %ra+0 +0,, #0e #0e *%s# *%s# $ $7e 7e- a++e a++ear aran an e % a a7 7 % r%% r%%## "s "s$%n %n a s$ne92 /"## we. $s 1 a. A dar$ straig straight ht line line #ith a light light root root /' A .ar7 r%%# r%%# w$#0 w$#0 s#ra$ s#ra$0# 0# e.es e.es ' A .ar7 "ne2en "ne2en $ne $ne %%w$n %%w$n #0e e.e e.e % #0e r%%# r%%# .' N%ne % #0e a/%2e a7 % r%%# "s$%n an n%# /e seen %n a ra.$%ra+0
&6' W0a# .% -%" "n.ers#an. /- #0e #er* *$n$*"* $n#er+ass #e*+era#"re a' M$n +%s# +%s# we. 0ea# #rea# #rea#*en# *en# a++$e a++$e. . #% a we. /' M$n s#ress s#ress re$e re$e #e* #e* ' T0e %wes# %wes# #e* #e* #% /e /e "se. ."r$n ."r$n +re0ea# +re0ea# d. The lo#est tem allo#ed allo#ed during #elding #elding and bet#een #eld passes &4' &4' W0$ W0$0 0 % % #0e #0e % %% %w$ w$n n $s a++ a++$ $a/ a/e e #% a +a# +a#e e a* a*$n $na# a#$% $%n n a' T0e- are are /es# .e#e# .e#e#e. e. /- ra.$%r ra.$%ra+0a+0/' T0e- are *a$n*a$n- a"se. a"se. /- 0-.r%en 0-.r%en en#ra+*en# en#ra+*en# c. They origi originate nate in the parent parent mater material ial .' T0e- are a"se. a"se. w0en we.$n we.$n s#resses s#resses a# +arae +arae w$#0 #0e r%e. r%e. .$re#$%n % #0e +aren# +a#e &5' &5' W0$ W0$0 0 % % #0e #0e % % %w %w$n $n NDT NDT *e#0 *e#0%. %.s s w%" w%". . /e #0e #0e ea eas# s# ee ee# #$2 $2e e %n %n an a"s#en$#$ s#ee /"## we. 2
a' T0e "se % +a#e *a#er$as *a#er$as %n#a$n$n %n#a$n$n %w e2es % $*+"r$#$es /' T0e "se "se % /"##er$n /"##er$n r"ns ' P%s# P%s# we. we. s#re s#ress ss re$e re$e d. Bo Both th a and and b e' A % #0e a/%2e a/%2e >' W0en W0en %ns %ns$. $.er er$n $n ra.$ ra.$% %ra ra+0 +0- "s$n "s$n 39ra9ra-,, w0$ w0$0 0 % #0e #0e % % %w %w$n $n #e0n$!"es $s *%s# $7e- #% /e "se. %r a +$+e #% +$+e we.($r"*eren#$a we.($r"*eren#$a sea*), ;&?** .$a*e#er w$#0 n% $n#erna aess a' SWSI b. DWI ' DWDI .' SWSI9+ SWSI9+an% an%ra* ra*$ $'' &?' A /aane. we.$n #e0n$!"e %r %r e3a*+e /a7 s#e+ we.$n $s *%s# %#en "se. %r1 a' C%n#r% C%n#r%$n $n a*e a*ear ar #ear$n #ear$n /' Inreas$n Inreas$n we. #%"0ness #%"0ness ' Re."$n Re."$n we. 8%ne 0ar.ness 0ar.ness d. !educing !educing distorti distortion on &&' &&' :as$ :as$ %a %a#e #e. . ee ee# #r% r%.e .es s 0a2 0a2e e w0$ w0$0 0 % #0e #0e % %% %w$ w$n n +r%+ +r%+er er#$ #$es es a' "igh "igh mechanic mechanical al properties properties may be used to produce #elds of high deposition rates and to produce #elds of lo# hydrogen content ' /' @r$a/ @r$a/e e sa, sa, 0$0 *e0an$ *e0an$a a s#ren# s#ren#0 0 an. #% +r%." +r%."e e we.s we.s % a %w 0-.r%en %n#en# ' L% L%w w 0-.r% 0-.r%en en %n#en %n#en## we.s, we.s, %%. s#%+s# s#%+s#ar# ar# +r%+er# +r%+er#$es $es an. 0$0 0$0 s#ren#0 .' L%w ar/%n %n#en# we.s, we.s, r$a/e r$a/e sa an. 0$0 s#ren#0 s#ren#0 &' &' On a ra. ra.$%ra %ra+0 +0,, #0e #0e *%s# *%s# $ $7e 7e- a++e a++ear aran an e % a a7 7 % r%% r%%## "s "s$%n %n a s$ne92 /"## we. $s 1 a. A dar$ straig straight ht line line #ith a light light root root /' A .ar7 r%%# r%%# w$#0 w$#0 s#ra$ s#ra$0# 0# e.es e.es ' A .ar7 "ne2en "ne2en $ne $ne %%w$n %%w$n #0e e.e e.e % #0e r%%# r%%# .' N%ne % #0e a/%2e a7 % r%%# "s$%n an n%# /e seen %n a ra.$%ra+0
&6' W0a# .% -%" "n.ers#an. /- #0e #er* *$n$*"* $n#er+ass #e*+era#"re a' M$n +%s# +%s# we. 0ea# #rea# #rea#*en# *en# a++$e a++$e. . #% a we. /' M$n s#ress s#ress re$e re$e #e* #e* ' T0e %wes# %wes# #e* #e* #% /e /e "se. ."r$n ."r$n +re0ea# +re0ea# d. The lo#est tem allo#ed allo#ed during #elding #elding and bet#een #eld passes &4' &4' W0$ W0$0 0 % % #0e #0e % %% %w$ w$n n $s a++ a++$ $a/ a/e e #% a +a# +a#e e a* a*$n $na# a#$% $%n n a' T0e- are are /es# .e#e# .e#e#e. e. /- ra.$%r ra.$%ra+0a+0/' T0e- are *a$n*a$n- a"se. a"se. /- 0-.r%en 0-.r%en en#ra+*en# en#ra+*en# c. They origi originate nate in the parent parent mater material ial .' T0e- are a"se. a"se. w0en we.$n we.$n s#resses s#resses a# +arae +arae w$#0 #0e r%e. r%e. .$re#$%n % #0e +aren# +a#e &5' &5' W0$ W0$0 0 % % #0e #0e % % %w %w$n $n NDT NDT *e#0 *e#0%. %.s s w%" w%". . /e #0e #0e ea eas# s# ee ee# #$2 $2e e %n %n an a"s#en$#$ s#ee /"## we. 2
a' /' ' d.
UT RT DPI %PI &;' T0e 0ar.es# +ar# % a *"#$9+ass we.e. B%$n#, ass"*$n n% +%s# we. 0ea# #rea#*en# 0as 0a2e #a7en +ae $s 1 a. The "A& "A& of the the cap /' T0e HA HA % % #0e #0e r%%# r%%# ' T0e r% r%%# .' T0e a+ a+ &<' Is $# +er +er*$ss$/e #% a%w a s$n s$ne +ass /"## we we. #% %% %% .%wn /e#ween we. +asses a' I# s0%". s0%". /e "+ #% #0e #0e we.$n we.$n $ns+e $ns+e#%r #%r /' N% #0e we. we. *"s# *"s# /e 7e+# 0%# 0%# a# a a #$*e ' I# .e+e .e+en.s n.s %n %n #0e we. we.er er d. It depends depends on the specification specification re'uirements &=' T0e "s"a *e#0%. % assess$n #0e sens$#$2$#- an. .ens$#- % a ra.$%ra+0 $s /- *ean a' Dens$#%* Dens$#%*e#er e#er an. .%s$*e#e .%s$*e#er r b. Penetrame Penetrameter ter and a densit densitomet ometer er ' IQI an. a .%s$ .%s$*e# *e#er er .' IQI an. an. "3 "3*e# *e#er er &>' In #0e s"/ s"/*ere. ar we we.$n +r%ess, #0e "se % e3 e3ess$2e 0$0 2%#aes w%". res"# $n a' Ins"$$ Ins"$$en# en# "3 *e#$n *e#$n b. (xcessiv (xcessive e flux flux meltin melting g ' Sa re*%2a re*%2a .$$" .$$"#$es #$es .' E3 E3es ess$2 s$2e e s+a## s+a##er er ?' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n we.$n +r%ess "ses a res$s#$2e 0ea#$n s-s#e* #% a0$e2e we. *e#a .e+%s$#$%n a' NMA /' Res$s#an Res$s#an## s+%# s+%# we.$ we.$n n c. (lec (lectr tro)s o)sla lag g .' @r$#$ @r$#$%n %n we.$ we.$n n &' &' We. We.$n $n a s#e s#ee e +a# +a#e e w$# w$#0 0 a CE CE % % ?'4 ?'45 5 w%" w%". . re!" re!"$r $re e +re +re0e 0ea# a#$n $n #% #% a' Pre2en# Pre2en# #0e %r*a#$ %r*a#$%n %n % s"+0$. s"+0$.es es b. Prevent Prevent hardeni hardening ng in the the "A& "A& ' Pre2en# Pre2en# #0e %r*a#$% %r*a#$%n n % ar/$. ar/$.es es .' T% re."e re."e #0e a*%"n# a*%"n# % "rren# "rren# re!"$re. re!"$re. ' W0a# .%es #0e
' Are re%**en.e. %r "se w0ere +%r%s$#- ree we.s are re!"$re. .' Are %n- s"$#a/e %r we.$n $n #0e a#, 2er#$a, an. .%wn 0an. +%s$#$%n 4' Ce"%se ee#r%.es 0a2e w0$0 % #0e %%w$n +r%+er#$es a' $s%"s sa, are 2%"*es % s0$e.$n as an. UTS 2a"es a/%2e >?,??? PSI b. arge volumes of shielding gas, hydrogen contents/01 ml per 0++g of #eld metal deposited and should be never ba$ed ' Lare 2%"*es % s0$e.$n as, 0$0 s+a##er %n#en#s an. 0-.r%en e2es &5 * +er &?? % we. *e#a .e+%s$#e. .' H$0 s+a##er %n#en#s ,0$0 .e+%s$#$%n an. are 2%"*es % as s0$e. 5' @r%* #0e %%w$n ee#r%.e %.$n E5? 4 : &;? ? H5, #0e %*+"s%r- +ar# $s1 a' E5? 4 / &;? ? 05 /' : &;? ? 05 c. (1+ 2 B .' N%ne % #0e a/%2e
;'
W0$0 % #0e %%w$n $s a++$a/e #% ee#r%.e e$$en- a' T0e *ass % *e#a .e+%s$#e. as a +eren#ae % #0e *ass %re w$re *e#e. /' Ir%n +%w.er ee#r%.es 0a2e e$$en$es a/%2e &??F ' Ee#r%.es % 0$0 e$$en$es #en. #% +r%e."re we.s % a s*%%#0 a# +r%$e d. Both a and b e' A % #0e a/%2e <' A a#$"e ra7s ra#"re s"rae $s1 a' R%"0 ran.%*- #%rn b. mooth ' S#e+ $7e a++earane .' :r$0# r-s#a$ne =' E;?&4 ee#r%.e w%". *%s# +r%/a/- "se. %r we.$n a. o# pressure pipe#or$ /' H$09 +ress"re +$+ew%r7 ' er#$a .%wn we.$n %n s#%rae #an7s .' In a s$#"a#$%n w0ere %w 0-.r%en we.s are s+e$$e. >' W0$0 ee*en# $n s#ee $ +resen# $n s$n$$an# a*%"n#s *a- ea. #% 0%# s0%r#ness a' P0%s+0%r"s /' Mananese ' S$$%n d. ulphur MULTI – CHOICE END O@ COURSE ASSESSMENT 4
QUESTION PAPER (MSR9AWI9&)
&' W0a# $s #0e ra#$% /e#ween #0e en#0 an. #0e .es$n #0r%a# #0$7ness %n a *$#re $e# we. w$#0 e!"a e en#0s a' &1& /' 1& c. 0.20230 .' I# .e+en.s %n #0e $e# we.s .$*ens$%ns an. $# "+ re!"$re*en#s ' W0a# $s #0e e en#0 % a $e# we. a' T0e .$s#ane r%* #0e #%e #% ae /' T0e .$s#ane r%* #0e r%%# #% ae en#er c. The distance from the root to the toe .' T0e .$s#ane r%* #0e #%e #% #%e 6' W0- $s #0e ar s0$e.e., w0en "s$n an ar we.$n +r%ess a' T% e$*$na#e 0-.r%en r%* #0e ar /' T% re#ar. #0e %%$n ra#e % #0e s%$.$-$n *e#a c. To excluded the atmosphere from the arc region .' T0e ar $s n%# awa-s s0$e.e. w0en "s$n an ar we.$n +r%ess 4' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n $s a++$a/e %r a n%ne +anar .ee#s a' T0e- are awa-s re+a$re. /' T0e$r e3$s#ene w$ res"# $n #0e re*%2a % #0e en#$re we. c. They are not usually as significant as planar defects .' T0e- an %n- /e .e#e#e. "s$n ra.$%ra+05' La*ear #ear$n $s1 a' A +r%."# .ee# a"se ."r$n #0e *an"a#"r$n % er#a$n s#ees b. A crac$ type, #hich occurs in the parent material due to #elding strains acting in the short transverse direction of the parent material ' A #-+e % 0%# ra7 ass%$a#e. w$#0 $*+"r$#$es(s"+0"r, ar/%n, an. +0%s+0%r%"s) .' A #-+e % ra7 #0a# %"rs $n #0e we. %r +aren# *a#er$a ."e #% -$ s#resses ;' T0e we. 8%ne ass%$a#e. w$#0 a we.e. B%$n# $s 1 a. Weld metal, "A& and the parent material in the immediate vicinity /' We. *e#a %n' T0e we. *e#a +"s +aren# *a#er$a .' HA an. +aren# *a#er$a <' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n ee*en#s $ +resen# $n s$n$$an# !"an#$#$es $n s#ee *a- ea. #% %. s0%r#ness a' S"+0"r b. Phosphorus ' S$$%n .' C%++er =' A /a7 #r$an"ar a "se. $n %nB"n#$%n w$#0 a we. s-*/% as #% en 556 *eans1 a' A s+e$$ we.$n +r%ess $s re!"$re. 5
/' T0e we. $s #% /e *a.e "n.er %ns#an# s"+er2$s$%n % a !"a$$e. we.$n $ns+e#%r c. Welding to be carried out on site4field #eld5 .' T0e we. *"s# /e s"/Be#e. #% NDT >' A"s#en$#$ s#a$ness s#ee an /e rea.- $.en#$$e. /-1 a. ac$ of magnetic attraction /' I#s e3#re*e 0ar.ness ' er- s0$nn- a++earane .' N%ne % #0e a/%2e &?' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n $s $7e- #% /e %ns$.ere. an essen#$a 2ar$a/e %n a we.$n +r%e."re a' A 0ane r%* an ee#r%.e ass$$e. #% AWS E;?&& #% an ee#r%.e E;?& /' A 0ane $n +re0ea# #e* r%* 5?% #% &5?% ' A 0ane $n we.$n +%s$#$%n r%* +a #% + d. All of the above &&' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n $s a++$a/e $ #0e 0ea# $n+"# #% 0$0 ."r$n #0e .e+%s$#$%n % a we. *a.e "s$n #0e MMa we.$n +r%ess a. o# toughness /' H$0 s"se+#$/$$#- #% 0-.r%en en#ra+*en# ' H$0 0ar.ness' .' H$0 s"se+#$/$$#- #% a7 % "s$%n &' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n w$ $n"ene #0e a*%"n# % .$s#%r#$%n %n a %*+%nen# ."r$n an. a#er we.$n a' Hea# $n+"# /' La7 % res#ra$n# c. %aterial properties .' :%#0 a an. / e' A % #0e a/%2e &6'w0en we.$n w$#0 #0e MIG we.$n +r%ess "s$n +"re ar%n as #0e s0$e.$n as %n ar/%n s#ee, w0$0 % #0e %%w$n +r%/e*s are $7e- #% %"r a' C%++er $n"s$%ns an. e3ess$2e a+ 0e$0#s /' E3ess$2e r%%# +ene#ra#$%n an. +%r%s$#' Sa $n"s$%ns an. ra#er +$+e d. ac$ of fusion and poor cap profiles &6' I# $s a re!"$re*en# #% e3a2a#e a ra7 $n a we.e. %*+%nen# #0e .ee# $s a# eas# 5 ** .e+#0, w0$0 % #0e %%w$n w%". -%" e3+e# #% /e .%ne #% re*%2e #0e .ee# a' Ar a$r, r%"n. $n$s0 an. 0e7e. w$#0 ra7 .e#e#$%n /' T0er*a %"$n, r%"n. $n$s0 an. 0e7 w$#0 MPI ' O3-9as "##$n, r%"n. $n$s0 an. 0e7e. w$#0 ra7 .e#e#$%n d. Both a and b e' A % #0e a/%2e &4' T0e 0ea# ae#e. 8%ne ass%$a#e. w$#0 a "s$%n we. a' Us"a- 0as #0e 0$0es# #ens$e s#ren#0 /' Awa-s e3$s#s $n a "s$%n9we.e. B%$n# ' Is "s"a- #0e area % a we.e. B%$n# #0a# $s #0e *%s# s"se+#$/e #% HICC 6
d. All of the above &5' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n we.$n +r%esses w%". /e #0e *%s# s"$#e. %r #0e we.$n % ar/%n s#ee $n e3ess % &?? ** #0$7ness a' T"ns#en $ner# as b. (lectro)slag ' Man"a *e#a ar .' Pas*a ar &;' A we.$n +r%ess w0ere #0e we.$n +an# %n#r%s #0e #ra2e s+ee. an. ar a+, /"# "n.er #0e %ns#an# s"+er2$s$%n "s$n a s0$e.$n as *$3#"re % =?F ar%n –?F ar/%n .$%3$.e $s #er*e. as 1 a' A *an"a MAG +r%ess /' A se*$ a"#%*a#$ MAG +r%ess c. A mechani6ed %I7 process .' a *e0an$8e. MAG +r%ess &<' T0e +"r+%se % n%r*a$8$n s#ee a. To modify the grain structure by ma$ing it more uniform on order to improve mechanical properties /' T% s%#en a *a#er$a %r e3#ens$2e *a0$n$n ' T% re."e ra#"re #%"0ness .' T% re."e ."#$$#&=' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n .es#r"#$2e #es#s w%". s0%w #0e res"#s $n B%"es a' Tens$e #es# b. Charpy test ' :en. #es# .' Har.ness #es# &>' Genera- #0e *%s# s"$#a/e *e#0%. % .e#e#$n a7 % s$.ewa "s$%n %n a s$ne –2 /"## we. (6? % #% 65% /e2e anes) w%". /e1 a. -ltrasonic testing /' Ra.$%ra+0$ #es#$n ' Mane#$ +ar#$e #es#$n .' :%#0 a an. / e' A % #0e a/%2e ?' U#ras%n$ #es#$n $s +reera/e #% ra.$%ra+0$ #es#$n ."e #% a' A/$$#- #% $n. a .ee#s /' L%wer a*%"n# % %+era#%r s7$ re!"$re. c. Ability to detect laminations .' N%ne % #0e a/%2e &' La*ear #ear$n 0as %"rre. $n a s#ee a/r$a#$%n /e%re we.$n %"., w0$0 % #0e %%w$n #es# *e#0%.s %". 0a2e .e#e#e. $# a' Ra.$%ra+0$ #es#$n /' U#ras%n$ ' Mane#$ +ar#$e d. It could not be found by any testing method ' In%*+e#e r%%# +ene#ra#$%n $s *%s# $7e- ."e #% 1 a' We.$n s+ee. #%% s%w /' We.$n "rren# #%% 0$0 c. !oot gap too small .' Ee#r%.e .$a*e#er #%% s*a 7
4' %" are #% %2ersee #0e ar we.$n % s%*e *a0$ne. $##$ns an. #0a# #0eare a.*$"* +a#e.' W0a# w%". -%" .% $n #0$s s$#"a#$%n a' Per*$# #0e we.$n #% +r%ee. /' Per*$# #0e we.$n #% +r%ee. w$#0 "*e e3#ra#$%n c. top the operation at once .' A.2$se #0e we.ers #% .r$n7 *$7 #0en +r%ee. 5' On a s$ne – /"## we., #0e .$s#ane #0r%"0 #0e en#er % #0e we. r%* r%%# #% ae $s ae.1 a' Re$n%re*en# /' Pene#ra#$%n c. Throat thic$ness .' N%ne % #0e a/%2e ;' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n a*e #-+es w%". -%" e3+e# #% /e "se. %r #0e "##$n % *$. s#ee a' Car/"r$s$n a*e /' O3$.$8$n a*e ' Re."$n a*e d. 8eutral flame <' T0e nee. %r #0e +re90ea# %r s#ee w$ $nrease $ 1 a' T0e *a#er$a #0$7ness re."es b. 9aster #elding speeds ' T0e "se % #0e arer we.$n ee#r%.e .' A % #0e a/%2e =' T0e *a$n reas%n %r #%e /en.$n %n er#a$n we.e. s#ee %*+%nen#s $s 1 a' C%rr%s$%n %ns$.era#$%ns b. 9atigue life ' A++earane .' A % #0e a/%2e >' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n we.$n +r%ess re!"$re a .r%%+$n 0ara#er$s#$ +%wer s%"re a. TI7 and %%A /' MIGMAG an. MMA ' TIG an. saw .' A % #0e a/%2e 6?' W0en %ns$.er$n #0e MIGMAG we.$n +r%ess w0$0 % #0e %%w$n *e#a #ranser *%.es w%". /e #0e /es# s"$#e. #% #0e we.$n % #0$7 +a#es %2er 5 **, a# we.$n +%s$#$%n a' D$+ #ranser /' P"se #ranser c. pray transfer .' G%/"ar #ranser MSR9WI9& &' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n /"##9we. +re+ara#$%ns $s "s"a- #0e *%s# s"se+#$/e #% a7 % s$.ewa "s$%n ."r$n #0e *e#a ar +r%ess a. a double)u butt /' a s$ne9 /"## ' a .%"/e /"## .' $# $s n%r*a- a .ee# ass%$a#e. w$#0 #0e MMA we.$n +r%ess 8
' w0a# $s #0e e en#0 % a $e# we. a' #0e .$s#ane r%* #0e #%e #% ae /' #0e .$s#ane r%* #0e r%%# #% ae en#re c. the distance from the root to the toe .' #0e .$s#ane r%* #0e #%e #% #%e 6' w0a# $s #0e #0r%a# #0$7ness % a $e# we. ( e!"a e en#0 ) a' #0e .$s#ane r%* #0e #%e #% #0e ae b. the distance from the root to the face centre ' #0e .$s#ane r%* #0e r%%# #% #0e #%e .' #0e .$s#ane r%* #0e #%e #% #%e 4' a+ B%$n#s %n#a$n 1 a. fillet #eld /' %rner B%$n# ' /"##9we. .' s$ne9/e2e /"##s 5' a ."#- n%# n%r*a- "n.er#a7en /- a we.$n $ns+e#%r $s #% 1 a' 0e7 #0e %n.$#$%n % #0e +aren# *a#er$a /' 0e7 #0e %n.$#$%n % #0e %ns"*a/es c. measure residual stress .' 0e7 a$/ra#$%n er#$$a#e. ;' "n.er *%s# %n.$#$%ns, w0$0 % #0e %%w$n we.$n +%s$#$%ns w$ .e+%s$# #0e *%s# we. *e#a' a' 2er#$a .%wn /' %2er0ea. ' 0%r$8%n#a92er#$a .' flat 4 do#n hand ) <' w0a# *ean /- #0e #er* ra#er +$+e 1 a' an%#0er #er* %r %na2e r%%# /' an%#0er #er* $2en %r a /"rn #0r%"0 ' a #-+e % as +%re, %"n. $n #0e we. ra#er d. a shrin$age defect, found in the #eld crater =' w0a# *ean /- #0e #er* we. B"n#$%n a' #0e area %n#a$n$n #0e HA an. #0e we. *e#a /' #0e we. *e#a an. #0e +aren# *e#a c. the boundary bet#een the fusion 6one and the "A& .' #0e +ar# % #0e we., w0$0 0as "n.er%ne *e#a"r$a 0ane ."e #% #0e 0ea# r%* we.$n >' #0e s#ren#0 $ #0e $e# we. $s +r$*ar- %n#r%e. /- 1 a' e en#0 b. throat thic$ness ' we. #0$7ness .' a % #0e a/%2e &?' a ra#er ra7 *a- as% /e #er*e. 1 a' %. ra7 /' #ear$n ' a#$"e ra7 d. star crac$ 9
&&' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n we.$n +r%esses #e0n$!"e $s $7e- #% /e "se. %r #0e re+a$r we.$n % %a$8e. +%r%s$#- $n a /"## we. a' MMA, PG +%s$#$%n /' Me0an$se. MAG ' S"/*ere. ar .' A % #0e a/%2e e. 8one of the above &' ' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n we.s w%". /e %ns$.ere. $n a s$#"a#$%n w0ere #w% +a#e are #% /e B%$ne. #0a# %2era+ ( ass"*e n% e3#erna assess ) a' a $e# we. /' a s$ne – /e2e /"## we. c. a plug #eld .' a s$ne – U /"## we. &6' $n #0e MMA we.$n +r%ess, ' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n $s *%s# $7e- #% /e a"se. /- a we.er w$#0 a +%%r #e0n$!"e a. deep #eld craters: crater crac$s /' %++er $n"s$%ns ' 0-.r%en ra7s .' a % #0e a/%2e &4' r%%# %na2$#- $s a"se. /- 1 a' e3ess$2e /a7 +"re +ress"re an. en#ra++e. as /' e3ess$2e /a7 +"re +ress"re an. 2er- 0$0 0ea# $n+"#s ' e3ess$2e r%%# r$n.$n an. a s%w #ra2e s+ee. d. excessive root grinding and excessive bac$ purge pressure &5'w0en $ns+e#$n a r$#$a %*+%nen#, #0e #%es % a we. *"s# /e 1 a' awa-s r%"n. "s0 /' *"s# awa-s %2era+ a# eas# &'5 ** %n#% #0e +aren# *a#er$a ' *"s# awa-s /e $ns+e#e. "s$n a ra7 .e#e#$%n *e#0%. ( MPI, DPI 5 d. none of the above can be selected) specification re'uirements &;' w0en arr-$n %"# 2$s"a $ns+e#$%n, #0e s+e$$a#$%n *a7es n% *en#$%n % #0e re!"$re*en#s %r 2$s"a $ns+e#$%n, $n #0$s s$#"a#$%n w0a# s0%". -%" .% a' arr- %"# n%r*a 2$s"a $ns+e#$%n b. see$ advice from higher authority ' arr- %"# n% 2$s"a $ns+e#$%n .' re9 wr$#e #0e re!"$re*en#s % #0e s+e$$a#$%n &<' "n.er *%s# $r"*s#anes, w0$0 % #0e %%w$n .% -%" %ns$.er #% /e ."#$es % a we.$n $ns+e#%r a' #0e s"+er2$s$%n % we.ers /' +r%e."re wr$#$n c. 'ualifying #elder .' a % #0e a/%2e &=' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n $s *%s# $7e- #% a"se a /"rn #0r%"0 a' r%%# a+ #%% s*a /' #ra2e s+ee. #%% as# c. root face too small .' a % #0e a/%2e &>' $n an ar we.$n +r%ess, w0$0 % #0e %%w$n $s #0e %rre# #er* "se. %r #0e a*%"n# % we. *e#a .e+%s$#e. +er *$n"#e 10
a' $$n ra#e b. deposition rate ' we. .e+%s$#$%n .' we. ."#- -e ?' w0a# $s #0e #er* $2en %r #0e area % a we.er B%$n# B"s# %"#s$.e #0e we. *e#a #0a# 0as "n.er%ne *$r% s#r"#"ra 0ane a. heat affected 6one /' #0e we. 8%ne ' "s$%n 8%ne .' a % #0e a/%2e #er*s *a- /e "se. &' w0en arr-$n %"# 2$s"a $ns+e#$%n, w0$0 .ee# (s) $s $7e- #% /e *$sse. a' $near *$sa$n*en# /' a+ "n.er"# ' +%r%s$#d. lac$ of fusion 4 inter run 5 ' %. a++$n $s an%#0er #er* %r 1 a. lac$ of fusion at the toe of a #eld /' a7 "s$%n /e#ween we. *e#a an. we. *e#a ' "n.er"# a# #0e #%e % a we. .' /%#0 a an. / 6' $n%*+e#e r%%# +ene#ra#$%n $s *%s# $7e- ."e #% 1 a' we.$n s+ee. #%% s%w /' we.$n "rren# #%% 0$0 c. root gap too small .' ee#r%.e .$a*e#er #%% s*a 4' ra#er ra7 $s are a"se. *a$n- /- 1 a' e3ess$2e- as# we.$n s+ee.s /' $*+r%+er ee#r%.e ane c. hot shrin$age .' $*+r%+er B%$n# .es$n 5' %n a s$ne9 /"## we., #0e .$s#ane #0r%"0 #0e en#er % #0e we. r%* r%%# #% ae $s ae. 1 a' re$n%re*en# /' +ene#ra#$%n c. throat thic$ness .' n%ne % #0e a/%2e ;' #0e #0r%a# #0$7ness % a $n0 $e# we. $s a' <'5** /' 4** c. 0;.1mm .' &'5** <' #0e nee. %r +re90ea# %r s#ee w$ $nrease $ 1 a' #0e *a#er$a #0$7ness re."es b. faster #elding speeds ' #0e "se % a arer we.$n ee#r%.e .' a % #0e a/%2e 11
=' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n /"## we. +re+ara#$%ns $s *%s# $7e- #% /e %ns$.ere. %r #0e we.$n % a ;** #0$7 +a#e a' .%"/e – /"## /' as-**e#r$a .%"/e – /"## ' s$ne U /"## d. single <= butt >' a we.$n $ns+e#%rs *a$n a##r$/"#es $n".e 1 a' 7n%we.e /' 0%nes#- an. $n#er$#' %%. %**"n$a#%r d. all of the above 6?' a %.e % +ra#$e %r 2$s"a $ns+e#$%n s0%". %2er 1 a. before, during and after #elding /' /e%re we.$n a#$2$#$es %n' a#er we.$n a#$2$#$es %n.' n%ne % #0e a/%2e MSR9WI96 &' T0e $7e$0%%. % a /r$##e ra#"re $n s#ees w$ $nrease w$#0 1 a' #0e %r*a#$%n % a $ne ra$n s#r"#"re b. a reduction in)service tem to sub)6ero conditions ' a s%w %%$n ra#e .' a % #0e a/%2e ' 0-.r%en ra7$n $n a we. 8%ne $s *%s# $7e- #% %"r w0en we.$n 1 a' ar/%n *ananese s#ees /' a"s#en$#$ s#a$ness s#ee ' *$r% a%-e. s#ee ( HSLA) .' %w ar/%n s#ee 6' +re0ea#$n %r ar we.$n a++$e. #% 1 a' asse*/- an. #a7 we.$n %n/' B%$n# %2er 5 ** #0$7 %n' asse*/- we.$n %n.' w0en "s$n #0e MMA we.$n +r%ess %ne' /%#0 a an. / 4' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n .es#r"#$2e #es#s w%". $n.$a#e #0e #%"0ness 2a"e % #0e we. *e#a+aren# *e#a an. HA a' *ar% /' n$7 /rea7 ' #ens#$e .' 0ar+- 2ee n%#0 5' w0a# %ns#$#"en# $s nee.e. $n a %a#$n % an ee#r%.e #% +re2en# #0e %r*a#$%n % +%r%s$#- w0en we.$n r$**$n s#ee a' $r%n +%w.er /' +%#ass$"* s$$a#e ' s$$%n .' a$"* ar/%na#e ;' we.s *a.e w$#0 0$0 0ea# $n+"#s s0%w a re."#$%n $n %ne % #0e %%w$n +r%+er#$es a' ."#$$#12
/' #%"0ness ' e%na#$%n .' +ene#ra#$%n <' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n s#ee #-+es w%". $2e r$se #% #0e %r*a#$%n % +%r%s$#- w0en a"#%en%"s- we. w$#0 an ar we.$n +r%ess a' "- 7$e. s#ee /' se*$ 7$e. s#ee ' r$**$n s#ee .' /aane. s#ee =' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n ee*en#s, w0$0 *a- /e a..e. #% s#ee' Has #0e rea#es# ae# %n ree+ s#ren#0 a' #"ns#en /' *ananese ' ar/%n .' *%-/.en"* >' #0e HA ass%$a#e. w$#0 a "s$%n we. a' an n%# /e a2%$.e. /' "s"a- 0as #0e 0$0es# #ens$e s#ren#0 ' $s "s"a- *ar#ens$#$ .' /%#0 a an. / e' a % #0e a/%2e &?' w0a# %"r r$#er$a are neessar- #% +r%."e 0-.r%en $n."e. %. ra7$n a' 0-.r%en, *%$s#"re, *ar#ens$#$ ra$n s#r"#"re an. 0ea# /' 0-.r%en, +%%r we. +r%$es, #e* a/%2e ?? %C an. a s%w %%$n ra#e ' 0-.r%en, a ra$n s#r"#"re s"se+#$/e #% ra7$n, s#rees an. a #e* /e%w ??%C ' .' 0-.r%en, e3$s#$n we. .ee#s, s#ress an. a ra$n s#r"#"re s"se+#$/e #% ra7$n' &&' a ar/%n e!"$2aen# (CE) % ?'5F 1 a' $s 0$0 %r ar/%n *ananese s#ee an. *a- re!"$re a +re0ea# %2er &??%' /' $s enera- s$n$$an# %r ar/%n %r *ananese s#ees an. $s er#a$n- n%# #% /e #a7en $n#% %ns$.era#$%n %r +re0ea# #e*' ' Is 0$0 %r ar/%n *ananese s#ees an. *a- re!"$re a +re0ea# #e* %2er 6??% as #% a2%$. ra7$n .' Is a"a#e. r%* #0e 0ea# $n+"# %r*"a' e' Is a"a#e. r%* #0e 0ea# $n+"# %r*"a
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&5' -%" see a we.er "s$n an %3-9ae#-ene a*e w$#0 a %n ea#0ere. $nner %ne' W0a# w%". /e #0e ee# % #0$s %n a ar/%n s#ee' r' #0e we. %". /e 0ar. an. /r$##e a' #0e we. *e#a %". /e #%% s%# /' #0ere w$ /e n% ee# %n #0e we. ' #0e we. w$ 0a2e "n.er"# &;' a we.er !"a$$a#$%n #es# $s #% 2er$s' #0e s7$ % #0e we.er a' #0e !"a$#- % #0e *a#er$as /' #0e n%n9.es#r"#$2e #es# +r%e."res ' #0e *an"a#"r$n *e#0%.s &< a a/r$a#$n +r%e."re as %r $e# we.s #% /e /en.e. $n /- r$n.$n' T0$s $s #% $n"ene 1 a' HA ra7$n #' @a#$"e $e /' Res$."a s#ress ' $e. s#ren#0 &=' /en. #es# s+e$*ens 0a2e /een #a7en r%* a 5** #0$7 ar/%n s#ee /"## we.' W0$0 w%". s0%w a7 % $n#er9r"n "s$%n 1 "' s$.e /en. a' r%%# /en. /' ae /en. ' "$.e. /en. &>' a*ear #ear$n 0as %"rre. $n a s#ee a/r$a#$%n' :E@ORE we.$n %". $# 0a2e /een %"n. /- 1 a' 9ra- e3a* /' D-e +ene#ran# ' U#ras%n$ $ns+e#$%n 2' I# w%". n%# 0a2e /een %"n. /- an- $ns+e#$%n *e#0%. ?' -%" are #% %2ersee #0e ar we.$n % s%*e *a0$ne. $##$ns an. $n. #0eare a.*$"* +a#e.' W%". -%" 1 a' +er*$# #% +r%ee. /' +er*$# #% +r%e4e. w$#0 "*e e3#ra#$%n w' s#%+ #0e %+era#$%n a# %ne ' a.2$se #0e we.er #% .r$n7 *$7 an. +r%ee. MCQ ??4 &' M%2e*en# % #0e ar /- *ane#$ %res $n MMA we.$n $s #er*e. 1 a' ar .e2$a#$%n /' ar *$sa$n*en# x. arc blo# ' ar e-e ' a *e#a"r$a +r%/e* *%s# ass%$a#e. w$#0 s"/*ere. ar we.$n $s 1 a' 0-.r%en ra7$n $n #0e HA y. solidification crac$ing in the #eld metal /' 0-.r%en ra7$n $n #0e we. *e#a ' a*ear #ear$n $n #0e we. *e#a 6' %3- +ress"re an. n%88e s$8e w%". $n"ene w0a# $n a*e "##$n 1 18
a' #0e #e* re!"$re %r "# $n$#$a#$%n /' #0e a/$$#- #% "# s#a$ness s#ees 6. the depth of cut obtainable ' n%ne % #0e a/%2e 4' #0e *a$n "sae % ar "##$n%"$n +r%esses $s $n 1 a' #0e "##$n % s$ne /e2e +re+ara#$%ns aa. the removal of deposited #elds /' #0e "##$n % s$ne U9#-+e +re+ara#$%ns ' #0e "##$n%"$n % n%ne9err%"s *a#er$as %n5' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n +r%esses B%$n#s *e#as +as#$abb. friction #elding a' res$s#ane we.$n /' +as*a we.$n ' a % #0e a/%2e ;' w0$0 ee#r%.e ass$$a#$%n w%". /e ree2an# #% AWS A5'&9=& 1 cc. ( >+0; a' E 5&66 /' E ' #0e #-+e % SAW "3 $s *%re res$s#an# #% *%$s#"re a/s%r/#$%n1 a. fused /' a%*era#e. ' /as$ .' a % a/%2e #0e sa*e res$s#ane &?' #0e a*e #e* % %3-ae#-ene *$3#"re as $s $2en as 1 a. ;++oc /' 6??% ' 5???% .' n%ne % #0e a/%2e &&' a are ra$n s#r"#"re $n s#ees $s sa$. #% +r%."e 1 a' %w ."#$$#- 2a"es b. lo# fracture toughness values ' 0$0 ra#"re #%"0ness 2a"es .' 0$0 #ens$e s#ren#0 &' #0e $7e$0%%. % /r$##e ra#"re $n s#ees w$ $nrease w$#0 1 a' a are ra$n %r*a#$%n b. a reduction of in)service tem to sub 6ero levels ' err$#$ ra#0er #0an a"s#en$#$ s#ees 19
.' a #0e a/%2e &6' re+a$r we.$n $s %#en *%re .$$"# #0an +r%."#$%n ."e #% 1 a' #0e *a#er$a /e$n $nra$ne. w$#0 $n9ser2$e %n#a*$na#es /' res#r$#e. aess w$#0$n #0e re+a$r area ' #0e +%ss$/e +%s$#$%n % #0e we. re+a$r d. any of the above &4' 0-.r%en ra7$n $n #0e we. *e#a $s $7e- w0en we.$n a' ar/%n *ananese s#ee /' s#a$ness s#ees c. micro alloyed steels 4"A5 .' %w ar/%n s#ees &5' EN s#an.ar. == w%". reer #% w0$0 % #0e %%w$n a' we.er a++r%2a #es#$n b. #elding e'uipment ' we.$n +r%e."re a++r%2a .' %ns"*a/e %r s"/*ere. ar we.$n &;' +%r%s$#- $s a"se. /- 1 a' en#ra++e. sa $n #0e s%$.$-$n we. b. entrapped gas in the solidifying #eld ' en#ra++e. *e#a$ $n"s$%n $n #0e s%$.$-$n we. .' n%ne % #0e a/%2e &<' $n a /en. #es#, #0e ae % #0e s+e$*en $s $n #ens$%n an. r%%# $s $n %*+ress$%n #0e #-+e % #es# /e$n arr$e. %"# w%". /e 1 a' a r%%# /en. #es# /' a s$.e /en. #es# c. a face bend test .' n%ne % #0e a/%2e &=' "#ras%n$ #es#$n $s % a.2an#ae $n .e#e#$n w0$0 % #0e %%w$n we. $*+ere#$%ns %2er %#0er NDT *e#0%.s 1 a. lac$ of side #all fusion /' s"rae "n.er"# ' $n%*+e#e- $e. r%%2e .' %2era+ &>' #0e +r%ess % #e*+er$n $s %#en arr$e. %"# #% rea$n #%"0ness a#er w0$0 % #0e %%w$n +r%esses 1 a' annea$n /' n%r*a$8$n c. hardening .' s#ress re$e2$n ? #0e +resene % $r%n s"+0$.e $n #0e we. *e#a $s *%s# $7e- #% +r%."e w0$0 % #0e %%w$n "+%n %n#ra#$%n % #0e we. 1 a. solidification crac$ing /' 0-.r%en ra7$n ' $n#er ran"ar %rr%s$%n .' s#ress %rr%s$%n ra7$n MCQ ??6 &' #0e :r$#$s0 %.e %r $s"a Ins+e#$%n Re!"$re*en#s $s 1 a' :S 4=< 20
/' :S 4>> ' :S 4=' "n.er"# $s +r$n$+a- a"se. /a' e3ess$2e a*+s /' e3ess$2e 2%#s ' e3ess$2e #ra2e s+ee. d. all of the above &?' "n.er"# $s n%r*a- assesse. /a. its depth /' $#s en#0 ' $#s /en.$n .' a % #0e a/%2e 21
&&' a we.$n +r%e."re $s "se" #% 1 a' $2e $n%r*a#$%n #% #0e we.er /' $2e $n%r*a#$%n #% #0e $ns+e#%r ' $2e %n$.ene #% a +r%."# d. all of the above &' an essen#$a 2ar$a/e *a- 1 a' a 0ane #0e +r%+er#$es % #0e we. /' $n"ene #0e 2$s"a ae+#a/$$#c. re'uire re)approval of a #eld procedure .' a % #0e a/%2e &6' a *an$-$n ass *a- /e "se. ."r$n 2$s"a $ns+e#$%n /"# :S 5=> s#a#es #0a# $#s *an$$a#$%n s0%". /e 1 a' "+ #% 5 b. ).1 ' 59&? .' n%ne % #0e a/%2e &4' w0en 2$s"a- $ns+e#$n a $e# we., $# w%". n%r*a- /e s$8e. /- 1 a' #0e e en#0 /' #0e a#"a #0r%a# #0$7ness ' #0e .es$n #0r%a# #0$7ness d. both a and c &5' a +anar .ee# $s a' $n%*+e#e "s$%n .ee#s /' sa $n"s$%n ' $n%*+e#e +ene#ra#$%n d. both a and c &;' +ene#ra#e $ns+e#$%n an. *ane#$ +ar#$e $ns+e#$%n are *a$n- "se. #% a' a$. 2$s"a $ns+e#$%n /' /ea"se #0e a++$a#$%n s#an.ar. sa-s s% ' #% %n$r* 2$s"a "ner#a$n#$es d. all of the above &<' .ee#s %"#s$.e % #0e $*$#s s+e$$e. $n a s#an.ar. s0%". awa-s /e 1 a. repaired /' re+%r#e. #% a sen$%r +ers%n ' assesse. a%n w$#0 %#0er .ee#s .' a % #0e a/%2e &=' MIG we.$n #en.s #% /e s"se+#$/e #% a7 % "s$%n +r%/e*s' T0$s $s /ea"se % 1 a' +%%r *a$n#enane % e!"$+*en# /' $n%rre# se##$ns ' +%%r $n#er"n ean$n d. all of the above &>' *an"a *e#a ar ee#r%.es an /e r%"+e. $n#% #0ree *a$n #-+es' T0ese are a. basic cellulocis and rutile /' ne"#ra e"%s$ an. r"#$e ' /as$ e"%s$ an. ne"#ra .' n%ne % #0e a/%2e ?' #0er *a$n a"ses % +%r%s$#- $n we.e. B%$n#s are 22
a' +%%r aess /' %ss % as s0$e. ' .$r#- *a#er$as d. all of the above &' ra7s $n we.s *a- /e ."e #% a' s%$.$$a#$%n +r%/e*s /' 0-.r%en +r%/e*s ' e3ess$2e s#resses d. all of the above ' a wea2e #e0n$!"e *a- $2e r$se #% a' /e##er +r%$es /' $*+r%2e. #%e /en.$n ' $*+r%2e. r$++e s0a+e d. all of the above 6' w$#0 reerene #% a r%%# +ene#ra#$%n /ea., -%" %". er#a$n- assess a. root fusion and penetration /' r%%# %na2$#' /"rn #0r%"0 .' a % #0e a/%2e 4' a a#$"e a$"re $s 0ara#er$s#$ /- #0e a++earane % #0e ra#"re s"rae' I# w%". /e 1 a' r%"0 an. #%rn /' 0e2r%n – $7e c. smooth .' n%ne % #0e a/%2e 5' s#ra- ar$n *a- /e rear.e. as a ser$%"s .ee#' T0$s $s /ea"se 1 a' $# *a- re."e #0e #0$7ness .$*ens$%n % a %*+%nen# /' $# *a- a"se $!"a#$%n ra7s ' $# *a- a"se 0ar. 8%nes d. all of the above ;' %2era+ $n we.s %". /e $n"ene. /a' +%%r we.$n #e0n$!"e /' we.$n +r%ess ' we.$n +%s$#$%n d. all of the above <' a*e "# +re+ara#$%ns *a-, ."r$n we.$n, $nrease #0e $7e$0%%. % a' ra7$n /' *$sa$n*en# +r%/e*s ' $n"s$%ns d. all of the above =' *ar%s%+$ e3a* re!"$res an- s+e$*en #% /e $ns+e#e. a' %ne, a#er e#0$n b. t#ice, before and after etching ' "s$n a *$r%s%+e .' n%ne % #0e a/%2e >' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n *a- /e asse. as a *%re ser$%"s .ee# a' sa $n"s$%ns /' "s$%n .ee#s ($n#er"n) c. fusion defects 4surface 5 23
.' +%r%s$#6?' a %.e % +ra#$e $s 1 a' a s#an.ar. %r w%r7*ans0$+ %nb. a set of rules for manufacturing a specific product ' e2es % ae+#a/$$#- % a we.*en# .' n%ne % #0e a/%2e
END O@ COURSE MULTI CHOICE PAPER (MCQ'??) &' ' 6' W0a# #w% "n#$%ns $n ar we.$n *"s# /e $n e!"$$/r$"* #% ena/e a s#a/e ar #% /e es#a/$s0e. a. Arc voltage /' C"rren# ' W$re9ee#r%.e ee. ra#e .' Me#a /"rn9 % ra#e 4' In MMA we.$n, w0a# +ara*e#er $s "se. %r #0e %n#r% % +ene#ra#$%n $n#% #0e /ase *a#er$a a' %#ae /' We.$n s+ee. ' Ir%n +%w.ers $n %a#$n d. Current 5' In #0e we.$n % a /"## B%$n# *a.e r%* %ne s$.e, w0$0 % #0e %%w$n %n#r%s #0e +r%$e % #0e r%%# /ea. a' R%%# ae /' :e2e ane c. !oot gap .' N%ne % #0e a/%2e ;' W0a# #-+e % +%wer s%"re 0ara#er$s#$ $s re!"$re %r *an"a we.$n a' C%ns#an# 2%#ae /' @a# 0ara#er$s#$ c. Drooping characteristic .' M%#%r enera#%r <' W0$0 %ne % #0e %%w$n .es#r"#$2e #es#s w%=. $n.$a#e. #0e #%"0ness % we. *e#a – HA a' Mar% /' N$7 /rea7 ' Har.ness d. Charpy =ee 8otch
=' Dereas$n %*+%nen#s are essen#$a %r !"a$#- we.$n /"# s%*e aen#s *aa' Ca"se %rr%s$%n +r%/e* /' G$2e % +0%sene as ' Lea2e res$."es d. All of the above 24
>' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n 0e*$a ee*en#s 0as #0e rea#er ee# %n #0e 0ar.en a/$$#- % a s#ee +a#e a' M%-/.en"* /' C0r%*$"* ' T$#an$"* d. Carbon &?' In *a% we.$n, w0$0 +ara*e#ers $2e #0e rea#es# %n#r% % we. a++earane ."r$n .$+ #ranser %r s0%r# $r"$#$n we.$n a' W$re s#$79%"# en#0 /' A*+erae ' W$re ee. s+ee. d. Inductance &&' In MMA we.$n, #0e sa +r%."e. an /e 2ar$e. #% s"$# #0e we.$n +%s$#$%n w0$0 #-+e % sa w%". /e re!"$re. %r we.$n $n #0e H +%s$#$%n a' @"$. /' $s%"s c. 8one of the above .' Se*$ "$. &' T0e we. *e#a .e+%s$# % *an"a *e#a ar ee#r%.es a0$e2es $#s *e0an$a s#ren#0 #0r%"0 a' T0e %re w$re b. The flux coating ' Ir%n +%w.ers w$#0 #0e "3 %a#$n &6' W0a# %ns#$#"en# $s nee.e. $n a %a#$n % an ee#r%.e #% +re2en# #0e %r*a#$%n % +%r%s$#- $n we.$n % a r$**$n s#ee a' Ir%n +%w.ers /' Ca$"* "%r$.e c. ilicon .' Ca$"* ar/%na#e &4' We.s *a.e w$#0 0$0 0ea# $n+"#s s0%w a re."#$%n $n %ne % #0e %%w$n +r%+er#$es a' D"#$$#b. Toughness ' @a#$"e s#ren#0 .' Me0an$a s#ren#0 &5' In #0e we.$n % a"s#en$#$ +$+e w%r7, #0e /%re $s "s"a- +"re. w$#0 Ar%n #% a' Pre2en# %r*a#$%n % +%r%s$#- $n #0e we. /' Pre2en# /"rn9#0r%"0 $n #0e r%%# r"n c. Prevent oxidation of the root beat .' E$*$na#e #0e %r*a#$%n % H &;' In 39ra- w%r7, #0e !"a$#- % #0e ra.$%ra+0$ nea#$2e $s assesse. /- #0e a' Dens$#- % #0e $* b. II indicator ' A a2a$a/e .' S#an.9% .$s#ane &<' A s#ee .esr$/e. as !# w$ 0a2e $*+r%2e. #ens$e +r%+er#$es /ea"se $# 0as a' Ha. %n#r% % 0e*$a %*+%s$#$%n 25
b. Been heat)treated ' :een !"a$#- #es#e. .' :een 2a""* *e#e. &=' W0$0 %ne % #0e %%w$n #-+e % s#ees w%". $2e r$se #% #0e %r*a#$%n % +%r%s$#- w0en a"#%en%"s- we.e. w$#0 an ar +r%ess a' @"- 7$e. s#ee /' Se*$ 7$e. s#ee c. !imming steel .' @$ne ra$ne. s#ee &>' In s"/*ere. ar we.$n, #0e "se % e3ess$2e- 0$0 2%#ae w%". res"# $n a' Ins"$$en# "3 *e#$n b. (xcessive flux melting ' Sa re*%2a .$$"#$es .' S+a##er ?' T0e "se % e"%se ee#r%.es $s %#en *a.e w0en we.$n #0e r%%# +ass % +$+es $n #0e $e.' T0$s $s /ea"se a' H-.r%en %n#r% $s nee.e. /' Ir%n +%w.ers $n #0e ee#r%.e d. "igher arc voltage can be obtained e' S0%r#er ar en#0 an /e a0$e2e. &' In #0e we.$n % a"s#en$#$ s#a$ness s#ees, #0e ee#r%.e an. #0e +a#e *a#er$a an /e +"r0ase. w$#0 %w ar/%n %n#en#s' T0e seas%n %r #0$s $s #% +re2en# a' Cra7$n #0e HA b. The formation of chromium carbides ' Cra7$n #0e we. *e#a .' D$s#%r#$%n
' S"/*ere. ar "3es an /e s"++$e. $n #w% %r*s #0ese are a' S$n#ere. an. a$#a#e. /' A$#a#e. an. "se. ' Cr"s0e. an. a%*era#e. d. 9used and agglomerated 6' In #0e s#ee w0$0 0as $*+r%2e. ree+ +r%+er#$es a# ee2a#e. #e*, w0$0 %ne % #0e %%w$n ee*en#s 0e+s $n #0$s $*+r%2e*en# a' T"ns#en /' Mananese c. %olybdenum .' Car/%n 4'We.$n a s#ee +a#e % a CE % '45 w%". re!"$re +re0ea#$n #% a' Pre2en# #0e %r*a#$%n % s"+0$.es b. Prevent hardening in the "A& ' Pre2en# #0e %r*a#$%n % ar/$.es .' T% $*+r%2e *e0an$a +r%+er#$es $n #0e we. 5' W0$0 % #0e %%w$n +r%esses "ses #0e EHOLING s-s#e* % "s$%n a' @r$#$%n we.$n /' D$"s$%n /%n.$n 26
c. (lectron beam #elding .' A"#%en%"s- TIG we.$n ;' In r$#$%n we.$n, $s #0e *e#a a# #0e $n#erae $n #0e a' $!"$. s#a#e /' S%$. s#a#e c. Plastic state .' Eas#$ s#a#e <' We.$n +r%e."res *a- re!"$re we.s #% /e .e+%s$#e. a# a %n#r%e. ra#e 0ea# $n+"#' H$0 0ea# $n+"# w%". a' Ha2e +%%r +r%$e /' Ha2e arer ra$n s$8e ' Ha2e 0$0 0ar.ness $n #0e HA .' Ha2e %w e%na#$%n +r%+er#$es =' In a #ens$e #es#, a /r$##e *a#er$a w%". /e $n.$a#e. $ #0e ra#"re s"rae a' S0%ws a re."#$%n $n s$8e b. Is flat and featureless ' :rea7s $n #0e we. *e#a .' :rea7s $n #0e +aren# *e#a >' W0a# .es#r"#$2e #es# w%". /e re!"$re. #% aser#a$n #0e $7e$0%%. % ra7$n $n #0e HA % a we. a' N$7 /rea7 /' S$.e /en. #es# ' C0ar+- $*+a# d. %arco test 6?' In s"/*ere. ar we.$n, e3ess$2e ar 2%#ae *a- a"se a' E3ess$2e +ene#ra#$%n b. Change in #eld metal composition ' Narr%w we. w$.#0 .' E3ess$2e /ea. +r%$e
WELDING INSPECTION, STEELS9 WIS 5 MULTI CHOICE QUESTION PAPER (MSR9WI9 ) &' .ee#s %"#s$.e #0e +er*$ss$/e $*$#s % #0e a++$a/e s+e$$a#$%n s0%". /e 1 a' #0e .e$s$%n $s "+ #% #0e we.$n $ns+e#%r b. repaired ' awa-s .%"/e 0e7e. "s$n NDT .' a % #0e a/%2e ' ee#r%.es "se. $n *an"a *e#a ar we.$n an /e r%"+e. $n #% #0ree *a$n #-+es, #0ese are 1 a' %3$.$8$n, /as$ an. r"#$e /' e"%se, /as$ an. a$.$ ' ran"ar, r"#$e an. /as$ d. rutile, basic and cellulose 6' *%2e*en# % #0e ar /- *ane#$ %res $n an ar we.$n +r%ess $s #er*e. 1 27
a' ar .e2$a#$%n /' ar *$sa$n*en# c. arc blo# .' s#ra- ar 4' a ra7 #-+e *%s# ass%$a#e. w$#0 #0e s"/*ere. ar we.$n +r%ess $s 1 a' 0-.r%en ra7$n $n #0e HA b. solidification crac$ing ' a*ear #ear$n .' a#$"e ra7$n 5' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n +r%esses B%$n#s *e#as +as#$aa. friction #elding /' res$s#ane we.$n ' ar we.$n .' +as*a we.$n e' a % #0e a/%2e
;' w0a# #-+e % +%wer s%"re 0ara#er$s#$ $s re!"$re. %r a *an"a +r%ess a' %ns#an# 2%#ae /' a# 0ara#er$s#$ c. drooping characteristic .' n%ne % #0e a/%2e <' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n ee#r%.es an. "rren# #-+e *a- /e "se. %r #0e TIG we.$n % n$7e an. $#s a%-s a. cerium electrode, DC < ve /' 8$r%n$"* ee#r%.e, AC ' #0%r$"* ee#r%.e, DC 2e .' a % #0e a/%2e *a- /e "se. =' w0a# are #0e +%ss$/e res"#s % 0a2$n a 0ea# $n+"# #% %w a' an $nrease $n 0ar.ness, %wer -$e. s#ren#0 an. a7 % "s$%n /' a re."#$%n $n #%"0ness , 0-.r%en en#ra+*en# an. an $nrease $n 0ar.ness c. entrapped hydrogen, an increase in hardness and lac$ of fusion .' en#ra++e. 0-.r%en, a re."#$%n $n ar/%n %n#en# an. a7 % "s$%n >' #0e *a$n reas%n %r "s$n a /a7 +"re w0en we.$n &=9= s#a$ness s#ee w$#0 #0e TIG we.$n +r%ess $s #% 1 a' $*+r%2e +%s$#$%na we.$n /' +re2en# #0e +%ss$/$$#- % +%r%s$#' +re2en# e3ess$2e r%%# +ene#ra#$%n d. prevent the formation of a dense oxide layer forming in the root &?' #0e +%ss$/e ee#s % 0a2$n a #ra2e s+ee. #%% as# 1 a' %w #%"0ness, sa $n"s$%ns an. a+ "n.er"# b. high toughness, slag inclusions and a narro# thin #eld bead ' 0$0 0ar.ness, e3ess$2e .e+%s$#$%n an. %. a+s .' %w #%"0ness, +%%r "s$%n an. sa $n"s$%ns &&' $ ar /%w e3$s#s w0en we.$n w$#0 #0e MMA we.$n +r%ess, #0$s an /e /es# re."e. %r e$*$na#e. /- 1 a' a 0ane r%* AC #% DC "rren# b. a change from DC to AC current 28
' a 0ane r%* DC 2e #% DC – 2e .' a 0ane r%* DC 9 2e #% DC 2e &' w0en we.$n a .%"/e9 /"## we. w$#0 #0e s"/*ere. ar we.$n +r%ess #0e +resene % en#er $ne +%r%s$#- *a- /e ."e #% 1 a' .a*+ "3 /' %n#a*$na#$%n %n #0e we. +re+ara#$%ns ' $n%rre# "3 .e+#0 d. all of the above &6' #0e $n"s$%n % an $n."#ane $n #0e we.$n $r"$# w0en "s$n MIGMAG we.$n +r%ess $s #% a. control the rate of patter in the dip transfer mode /' $# ena/es #0e we.er #% we. $n +%s$#$%n w$#0 #0e s+ra- #ranser *%.e ' $# a%w %r #0$7er $e# w$res #% /e "se. ( ';96'; ** .$a*e#er ) .' $# a%w " %n#r% %2er .r%+e# s$8e $n #0e s+ra- #ranser *%.e &4' an "n.es$ra/e +r%+er#- % a"*$n"* %3$.e res$."e, w0en we.$n $s #0a# $# 1 a' .erease we. +%% "$.$#b. re'uire more heat to melt it #hen compared to aluminum ' a"se #0e we.er #% #ra2e #% !"$7.' #0e +resene % #0e %3$.e *a7es a"*$n"* $*+%ss$/e #% we. &5' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n we.$n +r%ess $s *%s# $7e- #% /e "se. %r #0e we.$n % a s*a .$a*e#er s#a$ness s#ee +$+e, ;** – wa #0$7ness a. 7TAW /' SMAW ' GMAW .' S"/*ere. ar we.$n &;' w0en %ns$.er$n #0e #"ns#en ar we.$n +r%ess w0a# $s #0e +"r+%se % #0e .%wn9s%+e (s%+e9%"# ) %n#r% a' ens"re %%. +ene#ra#$%n /' #% +re2en# ar s#r$7$n %n #0e +aren# *a#er$a c. to help prevent the formation of crater pipe and possible crac$ing .' #% 0e+ +re2en# #"ns#en $n"s$%ns ."r$n we.$n &<' w0en %ns$.er$n #0er*a "##$n %a 0ar.en$n an /e re."e. /- 1 a' $nreas$n #0e "##$n s+ee. /' #0e "se % +r%+ane as a "e as c. pre)heating the material to be cut .' a % #0e a/%2e &=' $n a se*$9a"#%*a#$ we.$n +r%ess, w0$0 % #0e %%w$n s0$e.$n asas *$3#"res w%". n%r*a- $2e #0e .ee+es# +ene#ra#$%n %n s#ee a' &?? F ar%n /' &??F % c. *1 argon 1 CE .' a % #0e a/%2e $2e #0e sa*e .e+#0 $n +ene#ra#$%n &>' $n MMA we.$n +r%ess, w0$0 % #0e %%w$n s#a#e*en#s are ase a' an ar a+, w0$0 re*a$ns a*%s# %ns#an# e2en $ as "s"a #0e we.er 2ar$es #0e +%s$#$%n % #0e ee#r%.e /' a 2%#ae, w0$0 re*a$ns a*%s# %ns#an# e2en $ as "s"a #0e we.er, 2ar$es #0e ar a+ 29
' a "rren#, w0$0 re*a$ns a*%s# %ns#an# e2en $ as "s"a #0e we.er, 2ar$es #0e ar a+ d. a and b e' a % #0e a/%2e ?' ' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n we.$n +r%ess, a#er #0e we. $s %*+e#e. n%r*a- re!"$re a +%s# we. 0ea# #rea#*en# #% res#%re #%"0ness 2a"es a' ESW /' MMA ' MAG d. All completed #elds re'uire a post heat treatment, regardless of #elding process &' ' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n "rren# #-+es w%". -%" e3+e# #% /e "se. %r #0e we.$n % a"*$n"* w$#0 #0e TIG we.$n +r%ess a' DC –2e /' DC 2e c. AC .' A % #0e a/%2e ' ' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n s#a#e*en# $s ase a' $n #0e MMA we.$n +r%ess ee#r%.e DC +r%."es a .ee+ narr%w we. +%%, w0$0 $s as# ree8$n /' DC ee#r%.e +%s$#$2e $s "se. %r #0e MAG we.$n % s#ee +a#e ' T0e w%r. a$"* ar/%na#e *eans $*es#%ne d. All of the above 6' w0en %ns$.er$n 0-.r%en, w0$0 % #0e %%w$n we.$n +r%ess w%". +r%."e #0e %wes# e2es $n #0e %*+e#e. we. ( "n.er %n#r%e. %n.$#$%ns ) a' MMA /' SAW c. TI7 .' @CAW 4' +re90ea# +r$%r #% #0e we.$n % ar/%n s#ee /"## we. 1 a' *"s# awa-s #% arr$e. %"# /' $s awa-s arr$e. %"# "s$n a as a*e ' nee. n%# /e arr$e. %"# $ +%s# we. 0ea# #rea#*en# $ #% %%w d. none of the above 5' $n s#ee #0e ee*en# w$#0 #0e rea#es# ee# %n 0ar.ness $s a' 0r%*$"* /' *ananese c. carbon .' n$7e ;' %r a $2en 2%#ae an. "rren# se##$ns %n a MMA we.$n +an#, w0en #0e ar en#0 $s s0%r#ene., w0$0 % #0e %%w$n w$ /e *%s# ae#e. a. the current #ill increase /' #0e "rren# w$ .erease ' #0e 2%#ae w$ .erease .' #0e 2%#ae w$ $nrease < w0$0 % #0e %%w$n /es# .esr$/es a se*$9a"#%*a#$ we.$n +r%ess a' #0e we.er $s res+%ns$/e %r #0e *a$n#a$n$n #0e ar a+ an. #ra2e s+ee. 30
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the #elder is responsible for travel speed onlyF arc gap is $ept constant by the #elding plant ' /%#0 #ra2e s+ee. an. ar a+ $s %n#r%e. /- #0e we.$n +a#e .' a % #0e a/%2e =' w0a# $s +"r+%se % a re#$$er $n a we.$n sa#es ee#r$a $r"$# a' #% 7ee+ #0e ar s#a/e w0en "s$n %w "rren# se##$ns b. to convert AC current to DC current ' #% %n2er# DC "rren# #% AC "rren# .' #% $n$#$a#e #0e ar a# s#ar# "+ >' w0en a$/ra#$n a *e0an$8e. MAG we.$n +an#, w0$0 % #0e %%w$n a++$es (WS@ w$re ee. s+ee.) a' 0e7 – W@S, "rren#, 2%#s an. w$re .$a*e#er /' 0e7 – W@S , B%$n# se# "+, as %w ra#e an. W@S c. chec$ < gas flo# rate, stic$ out length, W9 and current .' a % #0e a/%2e 6?' #0e *a$n "sae % #0e ar a$r +r%ess $s 1 a' #0e "##$n % we. +re+ara#$%n b. the removal of defective #elds ' %r #0e "##$n % n%n9err%"s *a#er$as %n.' %r #0e "##$n % err%"s *a#er$as %n-
@INAL ASSESMENT MULTIPLE9CHOICE QUESTION CSWIP 6'& WELDING INSPECTOR COURSE M-9 ??& ALL THE QUESTIONS TO :E ATTEMPTED EAM TIME 1 6? MINUTES &'w0$0 % #0e %%w$n .%es n%# %n#r$/"#e #% 0-.r%en ra7$n 1 a' e3#erna %res %n #0e we.*en# ' a*%"n# % 0-.r%en $n #0e we. .' res$."a s#resses $n #0e we. e' s$8e an. en#0 % $near .$s%n#$n"$#$es
' %r #0e ar a$r ar/%n "##$n +r%ess #0e a$r $s a' Use %r %%$n #0e ee#r%.e %n' +r%."e. #0r%"0 #0e 0e*$a rea#$%n % #0e ee#r%.e an. #0e /ase *e#a .' s"++$e. #0r%"0 a$r +%r#s $n #0e ee#r%.e 0%.er an. .$re#e. a%n #0e ee#r%.e e' s"++$e. /- an%#0er #%r0 as% /- %#0er %+era#%r 6' ae#-ene 0%ses are .$s#$n#- .$erene r%* %3-en 0%ses' W0- a' /ea"se #0e $n#erna .$a*e#ers % #0e #w% are .$eren#' /' /ea"se % %+era#$n +ress"re .$erenes /e#ween "e as an. %3-en ' ae#-ene a##a7s #0e *a#er$as "se. $n %3-en 0%ses 31
.' #% +re2en# a$.en#a $n#er0ane 4' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n an res"# $n a 0ar. an. /r$##e %n.$#$%n res"#$n r%* ra+$. %%$n a' ar s#r$7es /' e3ess$2e we. re$n%re*en# .' e3ess$2e s+a##er e' sa $n"s$%n 5' DC nea#$2e w0en "se %r MIG MAG an $2e #0e s*%%#0 ar a' #r"e /' ase ;' $n w0$0 % #0e %%w$n +r%ess $s #0e "se % +ress"re re!"$re. #% s"ess"- B%$n# #0e *a#er$as1 a' TIG /' MMA ' SAW .' S#". we.$n <' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n w$ %n#r$/"#e s$n$$an#- #% a7 % "s$%n a' $n%rre# B%$n# .es$n /' $n%rre# we.$n #e0n$!"e ' 0ea2- sae %n #0e B%$n# s"rae .' a % #0e a/%2e =' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n +r%ess "se. %%se ran"ar "3 a' @CAW /' SAW ' GTAW .' SMAW >' Cra7 T$+ O+en D$s+ae*en# #es# $s "se. #% *eas"re a' s#ren#0 % #0e *a#er$a /e$n #es#e. /' 0ar.ness % #0e *a#er$a ' #0e #%"0ness % #0e *a#er$as, res$s#ane #% ra7 e3#ens$%n an. #0e ae+#a/e aw s$8e a .' ."#$$#- % #0e *a#er$a /e$n #es#e. &?' T0e +"se. MIGMAG *%.e % #ranser $s a 2ar$a#$%n % a s+ra- #ranser *%.e #0a# *a7e "se. % a %w /a7r%"n. "rren# w$#0 a 0$0er, ra+$.+"s$n "rren# s"+er$*+%se. %n $# a' ase /' #r"e &&' #0e $r%n ar/%n .$ara* $s "se. /- *e#a"r$s#s an. %#0er #% see 0%w a' a..$n n$7e 0anes #0e %rr%s$%n res$s#ane % s#ees /' a..$n ar/%n 0anes #0e res+%nse % #0e s#ee #e* 0anes ' a..$n *%-/.en"* $nreases #0e #%"0ness % s#ee .' a..$n 0r%*$"* $*+r%2e %rr%s$2e res$s#ane &' #0e *a$n +"r+%se % a .e2e%+er $s #% 1 a' ass$s# $n #0e .e2e%+*en# % #0e #es# +r%e."re /' +r%2$.e a ean s"rae %r #0e +ene#ra#e $n.$a#$%n ' ass$s# $n #0e .e2e%+*en# % #0e +ene#ra#e $n.$a#$%n r%* a .ee# .' ass$s# $n #0e .r-$n % #0e +ene#ra#e &6' %2era+ $n a $e# we. w%". %"r1 a' a# s%*e +%$n# $n #0e we. #0r%a# 32
/' %n- %n #0e ae % #0e we. .' a# #0e #%e % #0e we. e' a# #0e r%%# % #0e we. &4' $n #0e TIG we.$n +r%ess, as s0$e.$n % #0e we. +%% *a-/e +r%2$.e. /- w0$0 as' a' ar/%n .$%3$.e /' ar%n an. %3-en .' ar%n an. 0e$"* e' %3-en an. 0e$"* &5' we.$n "3 1 a' 0e+s %n %n#r% #0e #e* % #0e +$ees /e$n we.e. /' ra#es a #e*+%rar- /%n. /e#ween #0e +$ees /e$n we.e. .' +r%#e#s r%* #0e a#*%s+0ere an. re*%2es #0e %3$.e $* %n #0e s"rae ' *a7es $# eas$er #% *%2e #0e ee#r%.e &;' $nreas$n #0e ar/%n %n#en# % s#ee a%ws a $2en e2e % 0ar.ness #% /e a0$e2e. 1 a' a# a 0$0er %%$n ra#e /' w$#0%"# %ns$.era#$%n % #0e %%$n ra#e ' w$#0%"# a..$n 0r%*$"* #% #0e s#ee .' a# a %wer %%$n ra#e &<' w0$0 $s n%# a a#%r #0a# s0%". /e %ns$.ere. $n see#$n #0e /es# s0$e.$n as *$3#"re %r a $2en a++$a#$%n 1 a' we. a++earane an. ae+#a/e s+a##er e2e /' #0$7ness B%$n# .es$n an. +ene#ra#$%n re!"$re*en#s ' #0e we.ers +ers%na re!"$re*en# .' #ranser *%.e &=' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n $s n%# %ns$.ere. #% /e a"se % $n%*+e#e "s$%n a' we.$n "rren# e3ee.$n #0a# s+e$$e. %n a WPS /' "s$n #%% are an ee#r%.e %r a narr%w ee ' $*+r%+er *an$+"a#$%n % #0e ee#r%.e .' "s$n #0e wr%n #-+e % ee#r%.e &>' w0$0 $s an a.2an#ae % an ar%n 0-.r%en as *$3#"re $n TIG % s#a$ness s#ee a' %wer 0ea# $n+"# /' $*+r%2e. #%"0ness ' as#er #ra2e s+ee. .' $*+r%2e. *e0an$a +r%+er#$es ?' s%*e MMA ee#r%.es %r #0e we.$n % s#a$ness s#ee 0a2e a %w ar/%n s#ee %re w$re an. #0e a%-$n ee*en#s $n #0e %2er$n' T0$s $s /ea"se 1 a' #0e %re w$re %er %wer res$s#ane #% #0e +assae % #0e we.$n "rren# /' #0e *an"a#"rer an *%re %n2en$en#- $n".e a%-$n ee*en#s $n #0e %2er$n #0an +r%."e s+e$a %re w$res ' /%#0 %r reas%n a an. / a/%2e .' %r s%*e reas%n n%# $s#e. a/%2e &' s"+0"r $s s%*e#$*es a..e. #% s#ee #% $*+r%2e a' #0e $*+a# +r%+er#$es % #0e we.e. B%$n# /' +r%2$.e 0$0er $*+"r$#$es e2es 33
' #%"0ness % #0e +aren# *a#er$as .' *a0$n$n +r%+er#$es 0ara#er$s#$s % #0e s#ee ' s%w %%$n % $!"$. *e#a r%* 0$0 #e* +r%*%#es #0e r%w#0 % a' *e.$"* ra$ns /' are ra$ns ' s*a ra$ns .' a %*/$na#$%ns % are an. s*a ra$n 6' a .ee# an /es# /e .esr$/e. as a' a #-+e % aw $n a we. rear.ess % s$8e /' *ean$n e3a#- #0e sa*e #0$n as a .$s%n#$n"$#' an- #-+e % we. aw .' a .$s%n#$n"$#- B".e. #% +%ss$/$$#- $n#erere w$#0 #0e $# %r +"r+%se % #0e we. 4' ACC ( Dr%%+$n ar ) +%wer s%"re $s s"$#a/e %r a' MMA9TIG /' MIGMAG – @CAW we.$n +r%ess ' SAW – MIGMAG .' MMA – MIGMAG 5' In Gas Me#a Ar We.$n ( GMAW ) , s+ra- Transer *a- /e a0$e2e. "s$n s0$e.$n ases %n#a$n$n a' *%re #0an =5F ar%n /' ess #0an 5?F ar%n ' &??F ar/%n .$%3$.e .' ess #0an <5F ar%n ;' w0en we.$n w$#0 a wea2e #e0n$!"e #0e 0ea# $n+"# "s$n #0e sa*e we.$n +ara*e#ers( a*+s an. 2%#s ) as #0%se "se. %r s#r$ner /ea. w$ /e a' %wer #0an #0a# %r #0e s#r$ner /ea. /' "nae#e. /ea"se #e0n$!"es 0as n% $n"ene %n #0e 0ea# $n+"# ' w$ #0e 0$0er #0an #0e s#r$ner /ea. /ea"se #0e #ra2e s+ee. w$$ /e %wer .' #0e sa*e as #0a# %r #0e s#r$ner /ea. <' we.$n $n %. wea#0er %n.$#$%ns $s *%s#- %**%n- ass%$a#e. w$#0 $nrease. r$s7 % a' "n.er"# /' +%r%s$#' sa $n"s$%n .' ra7$n =' 0-.r%en #ra++e. $n #0e we.*en# an a"se 0-.r%en ra7$n $ #0e %n#en#s % 0-.r%en are #%% 0$0' W0a# $s #0e %#0er na*e %**%n- "se. #% .esr$/e 0-.r%en ra7$n a' $ss"re ra7s /' 0%# ra7s ' s"+err$#$a ra7s .' %. ra7s >' s#ee $s %#en 0ea# #rea#e. a#er $# $s *a.e a# #0e s#ee *$' W0en a s#ee $s n%r*a$8e. w0a# $s #0e +r$*ar- %/Be#$2e % #0$s +r%ess a' #% $nrease #0e 0ar.ness /' #% .erease #0e a*%"n# % ar/%n $n #0e s#ee 34
' #% $nrease #0e %w #e* #%"0ness % a s#ee .' #% $*+r%2e #0e #ens$e s#ren#0 6?' #ra2e s+ee. $s #0e ra#e a# w0$0 #0e we.$n "n +r%ress a%n #0e B%$n#' As #0e #ra2e s+ee. $nreases 1 a' #0e +ene#ra#$%n $s $nrease. /' #0e 0ea# $n+"# $n#% #0e B%$n# .erease. an. #0e +ene#ra#$%n $s .erease. ' #0e +ene#ra#$%n $s .erease. an. #0e we. /ea. /e%*es 0$0er an. w$.er .' #0e 0ea# $n+"# $n#% #0e B%$n# $s $nrease. 6&' #0e re%**en.e. .r-$n #e* an. #$*e re!"$re. +r%."$n a %n.$#$%n /e%w 5 * H&?? ra*s % we. *e#a w0en "s$n /as$ ee#r%.es w%". /e 1 a' /e%w &5?% %r & 0%"r /' 5?% %r & 0%"r ' %2er 65? %r & 0%"r .' ;?? %r & 0%"r
M@ – OO &' W0- $s #0e enera- %%. +ra#$e #% a$* a# "s$n #0e eas# a*%"n# % %ns"*a/e *a#er$as an. 7ee+ B%$n# +re+ara#$%ns #% a *$n$*"* a' #% $nrease /ene$$a res$."a s#resses /' $*+r%2e. s#ren#0 ' s*aer we.s enera- %%7 /e##er .' #% re."e %s#s an. w$#0 ess we. *a#e #0ere $s #0e +r%+ a/$$#- % ewer we. a"#s ' $n enera, #0e MIGMAG *%.e % #ranser /es# s"$#e. %r #0e we.$n #0$n s0ee# $s 1 a' s0%r#9 $r"$#$n #ranser /' %/"ar #ranser ' s+ra- #ranser .' s0%". n%# "se MIGMAG %r we.$n #0$n s0ee# 6' $n enera' T0e MIGMAG *%.e #ranser /es# s"$#e. %r we.$n #0$n s0ee# $s .$+ #ranser a' #r"e /' ase 4' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n *a-/e .$$"# #% .e#e# w$#0 #0e ra.$%ra+0$ $ns+e#$%n *e#0%. a' $n%*+e#e +ene#ra#$%n /' .$s%n#$n"$#$es +en.$"ar #% #0e ra.$a#$%n /ea* ' sa $n"s$%n .' +%r%s$#5' T0e +"se. – MIGMAG +r%ess $s %n- s"$#a/e %r we.$n $n #0e a# +%s$#$%n a' Tr"e /' @ase
35
;' W0en "s$n Gas Me#a Ar We.$n ( GMAW ) +r%ess, s#ra$0# ar%n *a- /e s"ess"- "se. as a s0$e.e. as w0en we.$n #0e %%w$n a' s#ee %r a"*$n"* /' A"*$n"* ' S#ra$0# ar%n $s ne2er "se. .' S#ee <' T0e +r$*ar- a.2an#ae % a <5F Ar,5F % as *$3#"re %2er +"re % $n #0e @CAW +r%ess $s 1 a' $nrease $n we.$n s+ee.s /' 2er- s$n$$an# re."#$%n $n we. s+a##er ' $nrease #0e 0ea# $n+"# .' .erease $n we.$n s+ee.s =' A a"se % $na.e!"a#e +ene#ra#$%n %". 1 a' In%rre# B%$n# +re+ara#$%n /' In%rre# B%$n# .es$n ' In%rre# we.$n #e0n$!"e .' A % #0e answer +r%2$.e. are +%ss$/e a"se >' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n $s n%# a *e#0%. % $nreas$n #0e 0ar.ness % a s#ee a' 0ea# #rea#*en# /' as#$n ' *e0an$a .e%r*a#$%n .' $n#r%."$n a%-$n ee*en#s &?' we.$n 0anes #0e +r%+er#$es % s%$. s#ee #0r%"0 a' *e0an$a 0anes a"se. /- r%$n /' 0an$n #0e $na a++earane % #0e s#ee ' 0ea#$n an. %%$n -es ass%$a#e. w$#0 #0e we.$n ar an. we. *e#a .e+%s$# .' *e#a"r$a ee#s as a res"#s % *$r%ra+0s &&' #ens$%n #es# res"#s are "se. 1 a' s%"n.ness % #0e *a#er$as /e$n #es#e. /' #% see# *a#er$a %r en$neer$n a++$a#$%ns ' ra#"re #%"0ness % #0e *a#er$as /e$n #es#e. .' a#$"e a+a/$$#- % #0e *a#er$a /e$n #es#e. &' w0$0 % #0e %%w$n *a- %n#r$/"#e #% #0e %r*a#$%n % +%r%s$#- $n #0e we. .e+%s$# 1 a' a % #0e answer +r%2$.e. $s a %n#r$/"#$n a#%r /' %w we.$n "rren# ' %n#a*$na#$%n % #0e we. B%$n# s"raes .' "se % %n#a*$na#e. ee#r%.es
&6' W0en "s$n #0e GMAW +r%ess %r #0e we.$n % a"*$n$"*, #0e $ner s0%". *a.e % 1 a' N-%n /' Gra+0$#e ' S#ee .' A $ner s0%". n%# /e "se. &4' W0en +re+ar$n /en. #es# s+e$*ens $# $s $*+%r#an# #% 1 36
