Crude Distillation unit(Guwahati Refinery) - Heat Exchange & Integration

H VG[OVR OL

CBW5 @GHR GPC@HLIG & ALRGIVHRAOL

FQ

Nubat

6;8;H8[S321[

Hnhlprggt Sali`

6;8;F2H837:[

Vasù Iupth

6;8;H8[S2;8[

HR AOCM VGJALGVQ, IWYH@HRA

H [rhctacg Scòom-A sthtaol oj FAVMH ALSRARWRG OJ RGC@LOMOIQ & SCAGLCG, [AMHLA Eumy, 6;86

[VGJHCG

Yg jggm annglsg pmghsurg al prgsgltali fgjorg you tàs jalhm rgport ol our [S-8 proirhn AOCM Iuwh`hta rgjalgry.

Ràs rgport glconphssgs glconphssgs h conprg`glsavg conprg`glsavg

bascussaol oj w`ht wg mghrlt ol tàs proirhn. R`g rgport sthrts wat` h fragj altrobuctaol hfout t`g orihlazhtaol a.g. AOCM Iuwh`hta rgjalgry. Yg `hvg dgpt bascussaol al tàs sgctaol fragj to jocus norg ol our [roegct ‐@ght gxc`hlig hlb altgirhtaol al CBW ‑.

R`g nhal rgport as bavabgb alto 2 sgctaols. Ro sthrt wat`, t`g jarst Sgctaol as h fhsac altrobuctaol to Crubg bastammhtaol ulat, ats procgss hlb probuct s. @ght gxc`hlig as hnoli t`g nost anporthlt hctavaty jor crubg bastammhtaol ulats. R`g 6lb phrt oj t`g rgport jocusgs ol tàs `ght gxc`hlig procgss occurrali al t`g crubg bastammhtaol ulat oj Iuwh`hta rgjalgry. Lgcgsshry bhth rgihrbali hmm t`g `ght gxc`hligrs `hs fggl provabgb al h thfumhr nhllgr to nhdg ulbgrsthlbali ghsagr. ghsagr. R`g colcgpt oj cratachm `ght gxc`hligr as altrobucgb sufsgqugltmy al t`g 3 rb sgctaol hmoli wat` t`g chsg stuby oj song anporthlt `ght gxc`hligrs oj t`g procgss. @ght buty &ot`gr chmcumhtaols prgsgltgb al tàs sgctaol jor `ght gxc`hligrs hrg cmghrmy gxpmhalgb al stgp fy stgp nhllgr hmoli wat` jornumhs usgb. R`roui` t`gsg chmcumhtaols wg `hvg tragb to hlhmyzg w`gt`gr t`gsg gxc`hligrs hrg wordali gjjacagltmy. gjjacagltmy. Al t`g Mhst phrt oj t`g rgport wg `hvg iavgl hl altrobuctaol to ‐`ght altgirhtaol‑ olg oj t`g nost anporthlt toom jor alcrghsali glgriy gjjacaglcy oj h procgss. [oalts bascussgb hfout `ght altgirhtaol al tàs sgctaol hrg5 Nghlali, Anporthlcg, ats lggb al CBW, Rooms. Yg `hvg colcmubgb tàs phrt wat` hl gxhnpmg oj `ght altgirhtaol bolg al 6;8; al prg-`ght trhal oj CBW, sòwali òw at `gmpgb shvali glgriy & alcrghsali gjjacaglcy. H jalhm colcmusaol hlb imosshry hrg provabgb to sun up t`g rgport. Yg òpg you `hvg h

ioob

tang

rghbali

tàs

rgport

hlb

jalb

at

aljornhtavg

hlb

usgjum . usgjum .

Nubat, Hnhlprggt & Vasù

Farmh Alstatutg oj Rgc`lomoiy & Scaglcg [amhla 333;38

6

HCDOYMGBIGNGLR

H conprg`glsavg conprg`glsavg rgport hmwhys rgquargs t`g ioobwamm, glcourhignglt, glcourhignglt, iuabhlcg hlb support oj nhly pgopmg so wg woumb madg to sthrt fy t`hldali our commgig FARS pamhla jor alatahtali proirhn madg ps-8 t`grgfy iavali us t`g opportulatags to vasat rghm tang albustrags hlb mghrl fy wordali ol `hlb al orihlazhtaols hs fai hs AOCM. Our salcgrg t`hlds to Nr. F D Bhs, C[LN hlb Nr. [ S Solowhm jor hssailali us tàs anporthlt proegct ol `ght altgirhtaol al rgjalgry hlb igttali us al colthct wat` t`g rgquargb pgrsol al ghc` ulat. Yatòut t`gar `gmp tàs wòmg proirhn woumb lot `hvg fggl possafmg. Yg hrg albgftgb fy t`g colsthlt support hlb ngltorali provabgb fy Nr. Zaehy Dunhr,

RS

jor

t`g

prgphrhtaol

oj

tàs

rgport.

Hmso, wg thdg tàs opportulaty to t`hld hmm t`g càgj glialggrs, hlb wordgrs wg `hvg ngt al bajjgrglt ulats wò `hvg rgcgavgb us wat` opgl `ghrts hlb `gmpgb us al mghrlali t`g vhst hrrhy oj dlowmgbig t`ht h rgjalgry òmbs. Nr. G Gbnulb oj CBW, Nr. H. Fharhia oj ON&S hrg eust t`g jgw oj t`gsg lhngs wat` wòn wg s`hrgb lungrous aljornhtavg thmds wàc` jalhmmy wglt alto t`g prgphrhtaol oj tàs rgport. Yg hmso gxprgss our bggp sglsg oj irhtatubg to AOCM hbnalastrhtaol jor provabali us wat`

lgcgsshry

bhth

hlb

nhdali

our

sthy

h

pmghshlt

olg.

R`hlds to our jhnamags & jraglbs jor t`gar colsthlt support hlb glcourhignglt t`rouiòut

t`g

pgraob

oj

prgphrhtaol

oj

tàs

rgport.

At iogs watòut shyali t`ht wg hrg salcgrgmy irhtgjum to our alstructor, Nr. [rhshlt`h I jor coorbalhtali tàs ps-8 proirhn hlb iavali us opportulaty to prgsglt fgjorg àn tàs

rgport.

R`hld you hmm


3

RHFMG OJ COLRGLRS S Lo.

Ropac

[hig Lo.

[rgjhcg Hcdlowmgbignglt Mast oj Ammustrhtaols Hfstrhct

6 3 7

8.8 8.6 8.3

Altrobuctaol AOCM Iuwh`hta rgjalgry [robuctaol Wlats oj Iuwh`hta rgjalgry

: 9 0 1

6.8

Crubg Bastammhtaol Wlat CBW 5 [rocgss Bgscraptaol

88

3.8 3.6 3.3

CBW [rg-`ght Rrhal (@ght gxc`hlig [rocgss) Altrobuctaol S`gmm & tufg @ght gxc`hligr [rg-`ght trhal 5 Bgscraptaol

87 8: 89

@ght Gxc`hligr [grjornhlcg Chmcumhtaol Cratachm `ght gxc`hligrs [grjornhlcg hlhmysas5 Gxhnpmgs  S-67H/F  S-88C  S-63H/F

66 63 63 67 69

@ght Altgirhtaol @ght Altgirhtaol 5 Altrobuctaol @ght Altgirhtaol al CBW  Lggb jor `ght altgirhtaol al CBW  @ght altgirhtaol al Iuwh`hta Vgjalgry  Gxhnpmg jron prg-`ght trhal

3; 36 36 36 33

Colcmusaols Vgjgrglcgs Fafmaoirhp`y Imosshry

37 3: 39 30

2.8 2.6

7.8 7.6


2

MASR OJ AMMWSRVHRAOLS AMMWSRVHRAOL LO.

BGSCVA[RAOL

8.6.8 8.3.8

AOCM Albahl nhrdgt s`hrg Rhfmg sòwali [robuctaol ulats

6.8.8 6.8.6

CBW jmow bahirhn Rhfmg Sòwali CBW probuct propgrtags

3.6.8 3.3.8 3.3.6

Rypgs oj S`gmm Rufg `ght gxc`hligr [rg-`ght trhal jmow bahirhn Rhfmg Sòwali comb sgctaol `ght gxc`hligrs Rhfmg Sòwali nab sgctaol `ght gxc`hligrs Rhfmg Sòwali òt sgctaol `ght gxc`hligrs

3.3.3 3.3.2

2.6.8 – 2.6.3 2.6.2 – 2.6.: 2.6.9 – 2.6.9

7.8.8 7.6.8 7.6.6

[ropgrtags, Bgsail bhth, [rhctachm bhth oj S-67H/F [ropgrtags, Bgsail bhth, [rhctachm bhth oj S-88C [ropgrtags, Bgsail bhth, [rhctachm bhth oj S-63H/F Stgps oj @ght Altgirhtaol @ght altgirhtaol al [rg-`ght trhal S-88/c fgjorg & hjtgr `ght altgirhtaol


7

HFSRVHCR

ALRGIVHRAOL Ratmg oj t`g [roegct 5 CBW5 @GHR GPC@HLIG & ALRGIVHRAOL

Dgy Yorbs5 Crubg bastammhtaol, @ght gxc`hlig, @ght altgirhtaol, CBW-[rg `ght trhal [roegct Hrghs5 @ght gxc`hlig, [rocgss bgsail & optanazhtaol, Glgriy Hfstrhct5 Al tàs word as ol Crubg bastammhtaol ulat al h rgjalgry & bascussgs t`g `ght gxc`hlig procgss al at hlb altrobuctaol oj t`g colcgpt oj `ght altgirhtaol wàc` as oj wabg anporthlcg al CBW.CBW as usgb jor crubg jrhctaolhtaol hlb rgquargs h o

tgnpgrhturg oj 372 C. Ro alcrghsg t`g tgnpgrhturg oj crubg 6 stgp procgss as usgb4 `ght gxc`hlig wat` probuct strghns & jurlhcg. Al t`g s`gmm & tufg typg `ght gxc`hligrs oj Iuwh`hta rgjalgry Mow tgnpgrhturg crubg gxc`hligs `ght wat` ài` tgnpgrhturg

strghns oj SVIO, VCO gtc. al 3 sthigs(comb , nab, òt). R`g

pgrjornhlcg oj song oj t`gsg `ght gxc`hligrs `hvg h nheor anphct ol probuctaol hlb hrg cmhssajagb hs 'Cratachm' ol t`g fhsas oj bajjgrglt cratgrah madg jrgquglt joumali, Mhrig surjhcg surjhcg hrgh. Chmcumhtaol oj `ght buty, MNRB MNRB

oj song oj t`gsg `ght

gxc`hligrs(s/87, S/63h-f,s-62) as bolg usali bgsail & prhctachm bhth to c`gcd w`gt`gr t`gy hrg wordali gjjacagltmy hs conphrgb to bgsail. @ght altgirhtaol as hl anporthlt colcgpt to alcrghsg glgriy gjjacaglcy oj procgss t`roui` `ght rgcovgry. Rooms madg palc` hlhmysas hrg usgb al ài` glgriy bgnhlbali ulats madg CBW to optanazg t`g @ght Gxc`hligr Lgtword jor nhxanun gjjacaglcy. Hlhmysas oj phst `ght altgirhtaol bolg al [rg `ght trhal oj CBW as thdgl hs hl gxhnpmg jor hlhmysas.

Sailhturg(s) oj Stubglts(s) Bhtg

Sailhturg oj [S Jhcumty Bhtg


:

8.8 ALRVOBWCRAOL

Ràs Vgport as hl hlhmysas oj t`g olg oj t`g nost dgy gmgnglts oj hly crubg bastammhtaol ulat a.g. ‐@ght Gxc`hlig‑ & ‐@ght altgirhtaol‑. R`g rgport as fhsgb ol Yord al CBW oj Iuwh`hta rgjalgry. Crubg bastammhtaol ulats hrg usgb jor t`g jrhctaolhtaol oj crubg alto norg vhmuhfmg probucts usali t`gar bajjgrglcg al foamali poalts. Alcrghsg al tgnp jor bastammhtaol us hcàgvgb al 6 stgps4 jarst stgp as t`g `ght gxc`hlig oj crubg wat` probuct strghns ht ài` tgnpgrhturgs. Al t`g lgxt stgp h jurlhcg as usgb to jurt`gr gmgvhtg t`g tgnpgrhturg. Our nhal poalt oj bascussaol al tàs rgport as t`g jarst stgp oj `ght gxc`hlig chmmgb t`g [rg-`ght trhal. R`g prg-`ght trhal colsasts oj 3 sgctaols5 Comb, Nab & òt. R`g purposg oj ghc` sgctaol as to rgcovgr `ght jron òt probuct strghn oj VCO, SVIO gtc hlb suppmy at to crubg t`roui` h s`gmm-tufg typg `ght gxc`hligr. R`g bgthams hfout vhraous `ght gxc`hligr usgb al procgss hrg prgsgltgb al t`g rgport. [grjornhlcg oj song `ght gxc`hligr as norg cratachm ol ovgrhmm `ght gxc`hlig t`hl ot`grs4 t`gsg `ght gxc`hligrs hrg cmhssajagb hs 'Cratachm `ght gxc`hligrs'. Colsthlt nolatorali oj gjjacaglcy oj t`gsg `ght gxc`hligrs lggbs to fg bolg. Hs Gxhnpmg chmcumhtaols madg `ght buty, MNRB as bolg al tàs rgport jor song oj t`gsg cratachm `ght gxc`hligrs (S-88C, S-63H/F) to c`gcd t`gar gjjacaglcy. Crubg bastammhtaol as hl glgriy altglsavg procgss. Yat` alcrghsali oam costs, t`g jocus as to nhxanazg glgriy rgcovgry. Olg why to bo tàs as '`ght altgirhtaol' wàc` as h tgc`laqug to bgsail h procgss to nalanasg nalanasg glgriy colsunptaol. Rooms madg palc` hlhmysas hrg usgb jor ofthal hl optanazgb `ght gxc`hligr lgtword jor `ght altgirhtaol al CBW. R`g rgtrojattali oj t`g @GL al CBW as thdgl hs chsg stuby al rgport to rghmazg anporthlcg oj `ght altgirhtaol. Nghlali oj hmm t`g dgy tgrns usgb al t`g rgport chl fg joulb al t`g Imosshry. Lgcgsshry bhth usgb al t`g rgport `hs fggl ofthalgb t`roui` nhluhms & ojjacahms oj Iuwh`hta rgjalgry.


9

8.6 AOCM IWYH@HRA VGJALGVQ 

AOCM

Albahl Oam Corporhtaol manatgb as mhrigst sthtg owlgb conphly al tgrns oj rgvglug `hvali ‐Nh`hrhtlh‑ sthtus. At as rhldgb 10t` al t`g Jortulg imofhm 7;; mastali. At‑s

faiigst pmhygr al Albahl bowlstrghn oam & Ihs sgctor hlb opgrhtgs8; oj Albah's 68 rgjalgrags wat` rgjalali chphcaty oj :7.9 NNR[H. Nheor olgs hrg [hlapht, Nhtùrh, Iuwh`hta, Iuerht, @hmbah gtc. Ats probucts hrg [gtrom, Bagsgm, M[I (Albhlg), HRJ, mufrachlts, Lhp`t`h, Dgrosglg gtc. (8.6.8)



Sgctor (Albah)

AOCM S`hrg

[gtromgun probucts

21%

Vgjalali chphcaty

39%

Bowlstrghn papgmalgs

:9%

Iuwh`hta Vgjalgry

Iuwh`hta rgjalgry as t`g jarst pufmac sgctor rgjalgry oj Albah connassaolgb al 81:6.At `hb hl alatahm chphcaty oj ;.97 NNR[H wàc` whs gxtglbgb to 8 NNR[H al 810:. Iuwh`hta Vgjalgry rgcgavgs t`g rhw crubg jron Oam Albah Manatgb & `hs h probuct malg to Samaiura. Jalhm probucts oj Iuwh`hta -Vgjalgry hrg Notor sparat (NS), HRJ,

Dgrosglg,

M[I,

Bagsgms,

[gtromgun

Codg

&Gmgnglthm

Sumpùr.

At‑s

hl

glvarolnglthmmy Colscaous rgjalgry wat` nobgrl gjjmuglt trghtnglt jhcamatags, Sthcd ihs nolatorali, [robucts wat` stract glvarolnglthm spgcajachtaols madg FS-3 & FS-2.


0

8.3 [VOBWCRAOL WLARS 

Sòwl fgmow al t`g thfmg hrg t`g vhraous probuctaol ulats oj Iuwh`hta rgjalgry hmoli wat` t`gar usg, jggb & probucts(8.3.8)5

Wlat

CBW

BCW

@IW

ALBNHP

@BR

[urposg Sgphrhtaol oj Crubg alto usgjum probucts fy bastammhtaol. R`grnhm Crhcdali to ofthal usgjum probucts jron ài`gr glbs

[robuctaol oj `ybroigl

JCC ulat jor nhxanazali M[I

Jggb

Vhw Crubg

VCO

Mai`t Lhp`t`h (ML)

Output M[I , Lhp`t`h, VCO, Dgro-8 &6 CD, CIO, CJO, VJO hlb V[C

@ybroigl

CJO, CD, VCO

M[I & Ihsomalg

Xuhmaty anprovgnglt oj Bagsgm,

SVIO, DGVO 8

FS 3 Bagsgm, HRJ, SDO

HRJ fy rgnovali sumpùr.

&6

probuctaol jron rgsabuhm stocds.

Anprovali Octhlg Lo. oj NS fy NSXW

@ybrotrghtali & Asongrazhtaol

ML

Asongrhtg (NS)

@BR ojj ihsgs

Gmgnglthm Sumpùr

_

_

Yhstg whtgr

Gjjmuglt jrgg whtgr

Vgcovgrali Sumpùr SVW

ON&S

Crubg & probuct storhig, [unpali & fmglbali Rrghtnglt oj whstg whtgr to

GR[

rgnovg oam hlb suspglbgb somabs


1

CVWBG BASRAMMHRAOL WLAR


8;

6 CBW5 [rocgss Bgscraptaol

ALRVOBWCRAOL Crubg bastammhtaol ulat or CBW al sòrt as jarst & nost anporthlt ulat jor hl y rgjalgry. At‑s chmmgb t`g ‐Not`gr ulat‑ hs ats probucts jorns t`g jggb oj ot`gr ulats. CBW rgcgavgs ats

crubg jron ON&S (oam novgnglt hlb suppmy sgctaol) w`grg at as suppmagb fy Oam Albah Mtb jron uppgr Hsshn oam jagmbs. Alconali crubg `hs jommowali propgrtags (6.8.8)5 [ropgrty Bglsaty ht 87 oC

Zhmug ;.0937

Yhtgr coltglt Shmt coltglt(ppn) Sumpùr coltglt(ppn)

6.;7% 0.9 ;.61

CBW t`gl strapgs t`g crubg alto vhraous probucts madg dgro8, dgro6, rgbucgb crubg oam, M[I, `ghvy ihsomalg hlb mai`t ihsomalg usali t`g bastammhtaol pralcapmg oj bajjgrglcg al foamali poalts.

DGQ JHCRS

 Alsthmmgb al 81:6. Vgvhnpgb hlb nobgrlazgb al 810: & 6;;;.  Chphcaty oj 8NNR[H fut currgltmy procgssali 8.3 NNR[H  At‑s hl Htnosp`grac bastammhtaol ulat (HRW) [VOCGSS BGSCVA[RAOL H fragj bgscraptaol oj t`g bajjgrglt procgssgs thdali pmhcg al CBW as iavgl ol lgxt phig (6.8.6)5

8. [rg `ghtali trhal fgjorg fgjorg Bgshmtgr Bgshmtgr5 Crubg as punpgb fy punps [8/8H ht h prgssurg oj 6

87 di/cn t`roui` h sgrags oj `ght gxc`hligrs w`grg ats tgnpgrhturg tgnpgrhturg as gmgvhtgb to o

83; C. Crubg as ihalali `ght al t`gsg gxc`hligrs jron prg jrhctaolhtgb jrhctaolhtgb ovgr`ghb vhpours(al s-6:), VCO( al s-61), SV Dgro8 gtc.


88

Bgnumsajagr naxgb crubg as jgb ht 83; 6. Bgshmtgr5 Bgnumsajagr

o

C to Bgshmtgr (v-8;8) w`grg at as

naxgb wat` whtgr t`roui` h naxali vhmvg. R`g shmt al crubg bassomvgs al whtgr hlb sgphrhtgb jron t`g t`g oam. oam.

Shmt jrgg jrgg crubg ol t`g ot`gr `hlb `hlb as punpgb to [rg-toppali

comunl (CM-8) tòui` 6 shjgty vhmvgs. tgnpgrhturg oj crubg fgjorg gltgrali prg3. [rg-toppali Comunl (CM-8)5 R`g hvgrhig tgnpgrhturg o

toppali comunl as 630 C (hcàgvgb t`roui` `ght gxc`hlig). R`g purposg oj tàs comunl as to rgnovg rgnovg t`g strhai`t strhai`t rul (SV) mai`t ihsomalg hlb M[I jron ovgr`ghb hlb rgbucg t`g t`g mohb ol t`g nhal jrhctaolhtali comunl. comunl. Sòwl fgmow as t`g Jmow bahirhn oj CBW(6.8.8)5 CBW(6.8.8)5

o 2. Htnosp`grac jurlhcg (C 8 H)5 t`g crubg conali jron CM-8 fotton ht 62: C as jgb

to jurlhcg. Jurlhcg as jargb fy jugm oam (JO), Jugm ihs (JI) or h nax oj fot` suppmagb fy o

BCW. R`g crubg conali out oj t`g jurlhcg `hs h tgnpgrhturg oj hroulb 372 C hlb iogs to t`g jmhs` zolg oj nhal jrhctaolhtors‑ comunl.

7. Nhal Jrhctaolhtors comunl (CM-6)5 At‑s t`g nost anporthlt phrt oj CBW. Cm -6 as w`grg t`g hctuhm bastammhtaol as thdali pmhcg crubg as sgphrhtgb alto bajjgrglt probucts oj bajjgrglt bajjgrglt cut. Strappali strghn gltgrs gltgrs ht t`g t`g fotton. R`g vhraous sufsystgns oj CM-8 hrg5


86

h) Ovgr`ghb systgn5 R`g ovgr`ghb oj t`g comunl comunl oj t`g whtgr whtgr hlb t`g Strhai`t run @ghvy Ihsomalg (SV@I) hrg sgphrhtgb. f) Strappgr comunl5 H strappali comunl (CM-3) as htthc`gb to t`g nhal jrhctaolhtali comunl .Ats julctaol as to strap hphrt (sgphrhtg) dgro8, dgro 6 hlb strhai`t rul ihs oam conali jron nhal jrhctaolhtali comunl. c) CM-6 Fotton Sgctaol5 R`g rgnhalali rgnhalali crubg oam chmmgb chmmgb hs t`g rgbucgb crubg oam (VCO) congs out oj t`g fotton oj CM-6. VCO jorns t`g jggb oj BCW

:. Mai`t Ihsomalg /@ghvy Ihsomalg [rocgssali Systgn 5 Wl-sthfamazgb mai`t ihsomalg jron CBW prg-topali comunl as sthfamazgb al t`g sthfamazgr w`grg M[I as rgcovgrgb jron at wàmg `ghvy ihsomalg as spmat al t`g two lhp`t`h spmattgr to sgphrhtg ML (Mai`t Lhp`t`h), VL (Vgjorngr Lhp`t`h) hlb @L (@ghvy Lhp`t`h).R`g thfmg fgmow sòws propgrtags oj t`g [robucts jorngb al t`g CBW(6.8.6)5

RF[ cut

ML

@L

Dgro 8

Dgro 6

SVIO

:7-837

837-8:7

8:7-81;

81;-3;;

3;;-39;

88.69

2.1;

0.8:

86.88

66.8:

;.938

;.90:

;.0;:

;.0::

;.0::

VCO 39;+

rhlig Qagmb (% oj

31.9

crubg) Bglsaty


;.1726

83

CBW [VG-@GHR RVHAL (@GHR GPC@HLIG AL CBW)


82

3.8 ALRVOBWCRAOL

o

Hs wg `hvg sggl t`g tgnpgrhturg oj t`g Crubg oam lggbs to alcrghsg to 372 C al CBW. Ràs sgctaol as h bascussaol ol òw tàs as hcàgvgb.

Y`y Crubg lggbs to fg `ghtgb al CBW? R`g vhraous conpolglts oj crubg oam `hvg bajjgrglt sazgs, wgai`ts hlb foamali tgnpgrhturgs. Crubg Bastammhtaol Wlat as usgb to strap tàs crubg alto vhraous probucts usali t`g bajjgrglcg al t`gar foamali poalts. R`grgjorg jor bastammhtaol to thdg pmhcg t`g o

tgnpgrhturg oj t`g Crubg `hs to fg gmgvhtgb to hroulb 372 C so t`ht hmm t`g jrhctaols oj crubg oam chl vhporazg hlb igt sgphrhtgb.

@ow Rgnpgrhturg oj Crubg as alcrghsgb al CBW? R`g Rgnpgrhturg alcrghsg oj Crubg oam colsasts oj 6 nheor stgps5 8. H 3 Sthig @ght gxc`hlig (chmmgb CBW prg-`ght trhal) oj crubg wat` probuct strghns ht ài` tgnpgrhturgs usali s`gmm & tufg typg `ght gxc`hligrs. Ràs stgp rgsumts al crubg o

fgali suppmagb ht 62: C (gmgvhtgb jron hnfaglt) to t`g lgxt stgp ‐R`g htnosp`grac Jurlhcg‑.

6. R`g htnosp`grac htnosp`grac jurlhcg (C-8H) as t`gl usgb to jurt`gr jurt`gr gmgvhtg t`g tgnpgrhturg. Nobgs oj `ght trhlsjgr al jurlhcg hrg fot` colvgctavg hlb rhbahtavg t`g crubg o

conali out oj t`g jurlhcg `hs h tgnpgrhturg oj hroulb 372 C hlb iogs to t`g jmhs` zolg oj nhal bastammhtaol comunl (CM-6). Jurlhcg hmolg as lot usgb fgchusg at woumb to too gxpglsavg hlb Glgriy colsunali. Fy gxc`hliali `ght wat` probucts, t`g prg-`ght trhal as sgrvali twal twal purposg4 R`g R`g Crubg as fgali `ghtgb ht t`g shng t`g tgnpgrhturgs oj probuct strghns oj SVIO, VCO, DGVO as froui`t bowl wàc` whs lggbgb jor t`gar storhig. Ràs `ght woumb `hvg ot`grwasg fggl whstgb.

Our poalt oj bascussaol al tàs rgport as t`g Jarst stgp a.g. ‐R`g @ght gxc`hligr Lgtword‑ wàc` wg wamm low stuby al bgtham.


87

3.6 S@GMM & RWFG @GHR GPC@HLIGV

R`g [rg `ght trhal usgs s`gmm s`gmm & tufg typg `ght gxc`higr jor `ght trhlsjgr. 

At colsast oj two nhal tàlis hs ats lhng anpmags S`gmm & Rufgs



R`g s`gmm as h mhrig vgssgm wat` h lunfgr oj tufgs alsabg at.



R`g pralcapmg oj opgrhtaol5 Rwo jmuabs oj bajjgrglt tgnpgrhturgs hrg froui`t alto cmosg colthct fut t`gy hrg lot naxali wat` ghc` ot`gr. Olg jmuab ruls t`roui` t`g tufgs, hlb hlot`gr jmuab jmows ovgr t`g tufgs (t`roui` t`g s`gmm) to trhlsjgr `ght fgtwggl t`g two jmuabs. R`g tgnpgrhturg oj t`g two jmuabs wamm tglb to gquhmazg. R`g `ght as sanpmy gxc`hligb jron olg jmuab to t`g ot`gr hlb vacg vgrsh. Lo glgriy as hbbgb or rgnovgb.

Connol typgs oj s`gmm hlb tufg gxc`hligrs5


8:

3.3 [VG-@GHR RVHAL5 Bgscraptaol

Our poalt oj bascussaol al tàs rgport as jarst stgp oj t`g 6 sthigs usgb jor rhasali t`g tgnpgrhturg oj crubg a.g. t`g @ght gxc`hligr lgtword al wàc` `ght trhlsjgr occurs fgtwggl crubg hlb probuct strghns oj VCO, SVIO, hlb Dgro 8. Ràs lgtword as hmso chmmgb t`g CBW prg-`ght trhal. Al tàs procgss t`g tgnpgrhturg oj t`g crubg as gmgvhtgb jorn hnfaglt colbataols ht o

wàc` at as suppmagb jron ON&S to 62: C. R`g `ght lggbgb jor tàs as conali jron t`g probuct strghns wàc` hrg ht ài` tgnpgrhturgs. Buhm purposg as sgrvgb al tàs why5 `ghtali oj crubg hs wgmm hs t`g coomali oj probuct strghns (lggbgb jor t`gar storhig). R`g prg-`ght trhal as bavabgb alto t`rgg sgctaols ol t`g fhsas oj tgnpgrhturg oj crubg jmowali t`roui` t`gn5 8. COMB sgctaol 6. NAB sgctaol 3. @OR Sgctaol Sòwl fgmow as t`g jmow bahirhn oj t`g CBW prg `ght trhal (3.3.8)5


89

8. Comb Sgctaol (fgjorg Bgshmtgr)5 R`g crubg jron fhttgry manat as punpgb fy punps [-8/8H ht hfout 87.0 Di/cn6 t`roui` h prg`ght trhal w`grg at as `ghtgb to h tgnpgrhturg tgnpgrhturg oj 83; µ C fgjorg fgjorg gltgrali t`g Bgshmtgr Bgshmtgr (Z-8;8).R`g jommowali jommowali thfmg sòws t`g s`gmm sabg & tufg sabg strghns oj hmm gxc`hligr al tàs tàs sgctaol hmoli hmoli wat` t`gar t`gar almgt-outmgt tgnpgrhturgs (3.3.6)5Gxc`hligr

Sgrvacg S`gmm

Rufg

Rothm

@ght

Surjhcg

Buty

hrgh

Rgnpgrhturg s`gmm

tufg

A

O

A

O

S-6:

Ihsomalg

Crubg

3;; x 8

6.88 6.8 8

8;9

1;

2;

:7

S-61

VCO

Crubg

898 x 8

;.29

88:

8;;

72

:;.3

S-86H

Crubg

Dgro 6

820 x 8

;.16

:;.3

96.:

83;

06

S-69H/F

Crubg

SVIO

803 x 6

8.31

96.7

1;.3

893

07

S-9

Dgro 6

Crubg

13 x8

8.20

811

83;

1;.3

8;1

S-88H/F

VCO

Crubg

832 x 3

8.21

8:7

887

8;1

866

6. Nab Sgctaol (Fgtwggl Bgshmtgr hlb prg-toppali prg-top pali comunl)5 R`g crubg jron t`g Bgshmtgr as punpgb fy punp [-68 H/F hlb bavabgb gquhmmy alto 6 strghns (Rrhal H & F) jor jurt`gr `ghtali fgjorg gltgrali t`g [rg-toppali comunl. Rrhal ”H„5 S-62,

[-68H/F

S-1H, S-63H/F, S-1F/C, S-66

CM-8

Rrhal ”F„5 S-2H/F,

S-86F, S-67H/F R`g crubg al trhal H as prg`ghtgb fy òt-strghns oj SV Ihs Oam (al S-62), VCO (al S-1H, S-63H/F), SV Ihs Oam (al S-1F/C), VCO (al S-66) to hfout 63: µC. Yàmg t`g crubg al


80

trhal F as prg`ghtgb fy SV dgro carcumhtali Vgjmux (CV) (al S-2H/F, S-86F) hlb VCO (al S-67H/F) to hfout 62; µC. Bgshmtgb crubg jron fot` Rrhal H hlb Rrhal F strghns hrg confalgb fgjorg gltgrali t`g prg-toppali comunl. Naxgb prg`ght tgnpgrhturg hcàgvhfmg as hroulb 630 µC ht wàc` at as jgb to prg-toppali Comunl. Fgmow as t`g thfmg sòwali `ght gxc`hligrs oj nab sgctaol (3.3.3)

Gxc`hligr S`gmm

Sgrvacg Rufg

S-1H

Bgshmtgb Crubg VCO

S-63H/F

VCO

S-1F/C

SVIO

S-66

VCO

S-2H/F

Bgshmtgb Crubg Bgshmtgb Crubg VCO

S-62

S-86F S-67H/F

Rothm hrgh

Surjhcg

@ght Buty

o

Rgnpgrhturg C S`gmm Rufg A

O

A

O

SVIO

-

;.9;

866

830

682

893

Bgshmtgb Crubg Bgshmtgb Crubg Bgshmtgb Crubg Bgshmtgb Crubg Dgro CV

821 x 8

;.:8

802

817

830

876

820 x 6

8.13

628

802

873

817

06 x 6

;.72

696

682

817

680

821 x 8

;.18

36;

61:

680

63:

820 x 6

8.:9

866

8:8

81;

8:2

Dgro CV

820 x 6

8.0

8:8

810

68:

81;

Bgshmtgb Crubg

883.87 x 6

6.;

619

603

660

663

3. @ot Sgctaol (Ht CM-8 Fotton)5 R`g toppgb crubg jron CM-8 fottons as punpgb fy punps [-6/6H to gxc`hligrs S8:/S-1B al sgrags, w`grg w`grg at as `ghtgb fy SV Ihs Ihs Oam Carcumhtory rgjmux. rgjmux. At t`gl phssgs to gxc`hligr lunfgr S-88C hlb jurt`gr to S-68 w`grg at as `ghtgb fy Vgbucgb Crubg Oam (VCO) to hfout 62:µC. Ht tàs Rgnpgrhturg prg toppgb crubg gltgrs Htnosp`grac jurlhcg (C-8H). R`g thfmg ol lgxt lgxt phig iavgs bgthams bgthams hfout gvgry gvgry `ght gxc`hligr al tàs sgctaol (3.3.2).


81

Gxc`hligr

Sgrvacg S`gmm

S-8:/1B

SVIO CV

S-68

VCO

S-88C

VCO

Rothm hrgh

Surjhcg

@ght Buty

Rufg

Sdanngb crubg Sdanngb crubg Sdanngb crubg

o

Rgnpgrhturg C S`gmm

Rufg

A

O

A

O

80: x 6

6.8:

618

67; 819 679

897 x 8

;.:8

33:

36; 631 62:

832 x 3

8.21

33:

36; 631 62:


6;

@GHR GPC@HLIGV [GVJOVNHLCG CHMCWMHRAOL


68

2.8 CVARACHM @GHR GPC@HLIGV

R`g cratachm `ght gxc`hligrs hrg abgltajagb hs t`g olgs wòsg pgrjornhlcg `hs h nheor anphct ol `ght gxc`hlig rhtg, [robuctaol rhtg, probuct quhmaty or glvarolnglthm hlb `ghmt` assugs. [rofmgn or algjjacaglcy al hly oj t`g cratachm gxc`hligr `hs h sgvgrg gjjgct ol ovgrhmm `ght gxc`hlig procgss occurrali al t`g crubg bastammhtaol ulat. R`g glialggrs lggb to sgg t`ht t`gsg gxc`hligrs hrg wordali gjjacagltmy jor snoot` rullali oj t`g procgss (Ròui` gjjacaglcy nolatorali as anporthlt jor gvgry gxc`hligr fut t`g nost httgltaol `hs to fg phab jor Cratachm `ght gxc`hligrs).

Cratgrah jor Cmhssajachtaol5 Cmhssajachtaol5 8. Joumali5 as hccunumhtaol oj ulwhltgb nhtgrahm oj `ght gxc`hligr surjhcg as chmmgb joumali. Joumali as algvathfmg al `ght gxc`hligr fut cgrthal `ght gxc`hligrs hrg norg prolg to joumali t`hl ot`grs. R`gsg gxc`hligrs joum al sòrt altgrvhms hlb lggb to fg cmghlgb jrgqugltmy. R`gar rgiumhr nhaltglhlcg as vgry lgcgsshry jor t`g `ght gxc`hlig procgss. G.i. as S-88/C al òt sgctaol as prolg to jrgquglt joumali. 6. Mhrig surjhcg hrgh5 Song `ght gxc`hligr `hvg h vgry mhrig `ght trhlsjgr hrgh wàc` nghls nghls t`gy `hvg h mhrig coltrafutaol coltrafutaol al tothm tothm `ght gxc`hlig gxc`hlig thdali pmhcg. R`gar algjjacaglcy or fy-phssali t`gn woumb `hvg h vathm gjjgct oj jalhm crubg tgnpgrhturg. Jor gxhnpmg S-63 H/F al t`g nab sgctaol oj `ght gxc`hligr trhals. 3. Salimg `ght gxc`hligr al malg5 Aj h `ght gxc`hligr as salimg `ght gxc`hligr al t`g malg madg t`g olg usgb al carcumhtali rgjmux t`gl at chllot fg stoppgb or fy-phssgb. Jor hly nhaltglhlcg word ol t`gn t`g wòmg ulat `hs to sùt bowl. Gxhnpmg as S8:/1B. Al

lgxt sgctaol t`g fhsac fhsac pgrjornhlcg pgrjornhlcg nghsurgnglt chmcumhtaols madg `ght, Buty,

MNRB, @ght trhlsjgr cogjjacaglt as bolg jor song oj t`gsg cratachm `ght gxc`hligrs.


66

2.6 [GVJOVNHLCG HLHMQSAS5 Gxhnpmgs Ràs sgctaol hlhmyzgs t`g pgrjornhlcgs oj song nhal `ght gxc`hligrs oj prg-`ght trhal t`roui` t`roui` chmcumhtaol chmcumhtaol oj sanpmg pgrjornhlcg nghsurgnglt tooms madg madg @ght buty, MNRB & @ght trhlsjgr cogjjacaglt. R`g bgjalataols & jornumhs jor t`gsg tooms chl fg joulb al imosshry ht t`g glb oj t`g rgport.

8) S-67 H/F   

Rypg5 S`gmm & tufg Sgctaol5 Nab [ropgrtags 5 Gxc`hligr lo. S-67H/F

Sgrvacg S`gmm

Lo. oj phssgs S`gmm Rufg

Rufg

VCO

Bgshmtgb Crubg

8

6

Rothm Rothm Surjhcg hrgh @ght Sq.N x lo. oj Buty gmgnglt 883.87 x 6 6.;

(2.6.8)



Bgsail Bhth5 S`gmm 72772 77272 61: 628 (A) (O) 21.8(ulcorrgctgb)

Rothm jmow (Di/`) Opgrhtali tgnpgrhturg (µC) MNRB (µC)

Rufg 9970: 9970: 819.9 62;.7 (A) (O) 29.8 (corrgctgb)

(2.6.6)



[rhctachm bhth5

Nhss jmow rhtg (VCO) > 71809.7 Di/`r Gxc`hligr Lo.

S-67H/F

Sgrvacg

Rgnpgrhturg,

S`gmm Rufg [ost N&A

S`gmm sabg A 619.7

O 603.9

Rufg sabg A O 638.1 627

Lov 88

6:3

673

810

VCO

crubg

C

»

6;3

(2.6.3)



Chmcumhtaols5 8. @ght Buty (bgsail)5 N*C p*(Ra – Ro) > 6;;6083.9 Dchm/`r Farmh Alstatutg oj Rgc`lomoiy & Scaglcg [amhla 333;38

63

6. @ght Buty (prhctachm)5 77133: Dchm/`r 3. Corrgctaol jhctor jor MNRB (prhctachm)5 8.;8 2. MNRB (prhctachm)5 76.86 (ulcorrgctgb), 78.79(corrgctgb)



Ofsgrvhtaol

R`g prhctachm `ght trhlsjgr oj 77133: Dchm/`r as nuc` mowgr t`hl t`g bgsail `ght buty oj 6;;6083.9 Dchm/`r. 

Colcmusaols 8. R`g gxc`hligr as lot wordali gjjacagltmy 6. Bug to joumali t`g tgnpgrhturg bajjgrglcg hcross t`g crubg sabg as mow wàc` as rgbucali t`g tothm `ght gxc`hlig al t`g gxc`hligr.


62

6) S-88/C   

Rypg5 S`gmm & tufg Sgctaol5 @ot [ropgrtags5 At‑s h cratachm `ght gxc`hligr fgchusg oj t`g jrgquglt joumali Sgrvacg

Gxc`hligr lo.

S`gmm

Rufg

S-88C

VCO

[rgBgshmtgr

Lo. oj phssgs S`gmm Rufg 8

6

Rothm Surjhcg hrgh Sq.n x lo. oj gmgnglt 832 x 3

@ght Buty 8.21

(2.6.2)



Bgsail bhth5 S`gmm

Rufg

Rothm jmow (Di/`)

72772

77272

877898

Opgrhtali tgnpgrhturg (µC)

33: (A)

36; (O)

631 (A)

MNRB (µC)

_

8778 98 62: (O) _

(2.6.7)

 [rhctachm bhth5 Nhss jmow rhtg5 71098.7

Gxc`hligr Lo.

S-88C

Sgrvacg S`gmm Rufg VCO

Sdanngb Crubg

[ost N&A Lov ‐88

Rgnpgrhturg, »C S`gmm sabg Rufg sabg A O A O 369 387 679.0 6:3 33;.6

697

638

677

(2.6.:)


67

 Chmcumhtaols5 8. @ght Buty (bgsail)5 N*C p*(Ra – Ro) > :61736; Dchm/`r 6. @ght Buty (prhctachm)5 719306.9 Dchm/`r 3. Corrgctaol jhctor jor MNRB(prhctachm) > ;.197 2. MNRB (prhctachm)5 06.02 (ulcorrgctgb), 0;.91(corrgctgb) 

Ofsgrvhtaols5

@ght trhlsjgr ht prgsglt as 719306.9 Dchm/`r wàc` as shtasjhctory hs conphrgb to bgsail `ght trhlsjgr oj :61736;.

 Colcmusaols5 R`g prgsglt pgrjornhlcg oj t`g `ght gxc`hligr as shtasjhctory hs conphrgb to bgsail. Ràs mattmg vhrahtaol al t`g bgsail `ght buty hlb prhctachm `ght buty as bug to vhrahtaol al vhmug oj C p oj VCO wat` tgnpgrhturg.


6:

3) S-63H/F 

Rypg 5 S`gmm & Rufg



Sgctaol5 Nab (Rrhal H)



[ropgrtags5 At as hl cratachm `ght gxc`higr fgchsg oj ats mhrig `ght trhlsjgr hrgh

Sgrvacg

Rothm Surjhcg hrgh

Lo. oj phssgs

S`gmm

Rufg

S`gmm

Rufg

(Sq.n x lo. oj gmgnglt)

VCO

Bgshmtgb Crubg

8

6

820 x 6

@ght Buty 8.13

(2.6.9)



Bgsail Bhth5 [ropgrty

S`gmm

Rufg

Rothm Jmow (Di/`)

A 72772

O 72772

A 99707

O 99707

Rgnpgrhturg (µC)

628.;

802.;

876.9;

817.;

Spgcajac @ght (Dchm/di-µC)

;.:2:

;.719

;.7::

;.:89

MNRB (µC)

30.68

37.:

(2.6.0)



[rhctachm bhth5 Nhss jmow rhtg (VCO) > 71809.7 Di/`r Sgrvacg S`gmm VCO

Rgnpgrhturg

Rufg crubg

S`gmm sabg

C

»

Rufg sabg

[ost N&A

A 6:;.6

O 63;

A 827.9

O 890.0

Lov ‐88

673

63;

826

8:;

(2.6.1)


69



Chmcumhtaols5 8. @ght Buty (bgsail)5 N*C p*(Ra – Ro) > 8136:;6.9 Dchm/`r 6. @ght Buty (prhctachm)5 88:8;;;.9 Dchm/`r Dchm/`r 3. Corrgctaol jhctor5 2. MNRB (prhctachm)5



(ulcorrgctgb),

(corrgctgb)

Ofsgrvhtaols R`g prhctachm `ght trhlsjgr oj 88:8;;;.9 Dchm/`r as nuc` mowgr t`hl t`g bgsail `ght buty oj 8136:;6.9. R`g vhmug oj MNRB ol t`g ot`gr `hlb as hctuhmmy ài`gr al chsg oj prhctachm satuhtaol



Colcmusaols R`g `ght gxc`hligr as lot wordali gjjacagltmy. Bug to joumali t`g tgnpgrhturg bajjgrglcg hcross t`g crubg sabg as mow wàc` as rgbucali t`g tothm `ght gxc`hlig al t`g gxc`hligr gvgl hjtgr `hvali h ài` MNRB vhmug.


60

@GHR ALRGIVHRAOL


61

2.8 @GHR ALRGIVHRAOL5 Altrobuctaol

Al Robhy‑s procgss albustrags madg Iuwh`hta rgjalgry alcrghsali glgriy gjjacaglcy as oj

prang anporthlcg. Yat` t`g rasali costs oj alput madg crubg, powgr t`g procgss `hs to fg bgsailgb to `hvg nhxanun glgriy rgcovgry so hs to rgbucg t`g costs. @ght altgirhtaol as olg oj t`g whys to hcàgvg tàs.

8. NGHLALI @ght altgirhtaol as tgc`laqug jor bgsailali h procgss to nalanasg glgriy colsunptaol hlb nhxanasg `ght rgcovgry . Ats phrt oj t`g frohbgr tgrn ‐[rocgss

altgirhtaol‑ wàc` as h òmastac hpprohc` to procgss bgsail wàc` gnp`hsazgs t`g

ulaty oj t`g procgss hlb colsabgrs t`g altgrhctaols fgtwggl bajjgrglt ulat opgrhtaols jron t`g outsgt, rht`gr t`hl optanasali o ptanasali t`gn sgphrhtgmy.

6. LGGB JOV @GHR ALRGIVHRAOL @ght altgirhtaol chl mghb to sufsthltahm rgbuctaol al t`g glgriy rgquargnglts oj h procgss tùs shvali costs. At‑s t`g hlswgr to jommowali qugstaols5 

Hrg t`g gxastali procgssgs hs glgriy gjjacaglt hs t`gy sòumb fg?



Y`ht c`hligs chl fg nhbg to alcrghsg glgriy gjjacaglcy watòut alcurrali hly costs? Y`ht as t`g nost anporthlt utamaty nax jor t`g procgss?



Y`ht alvgstnglts chl fg nhbg to alcrghsg glgriy gjjacaglcy?



@ow to put glgriy gjjacaglcy & ot`gr thrigts madg gnassaol rgbuctaol, alcrghsali pmhlt chphcaty alto olg co`grglt strhtgiac pmhl?

3. ROOMS JOV @GHR ALRGIVHRAOL [alc` Hlhmysas R`g tgrn palc` tgc`lomoiy whs altrobucgb fy Mallòjj to rgprgsglt h sgt oj 

t`grnobylhnacs fhsgb tooms t`ht t`ht iuhrhltgg nalanun glgriy mgvgms al bgsail oj `ght gxc`hligr lgtwords. [alc` Rgc`lomoiy provabgs h systgnhtac ngtòbomoiy jor glgriy shvali al procgssgs & tothm satgs. Ats prang ofegctavg as to provabg glgriy shvali fy fgttgr procgss `ght altgirhtaol. @grg hrg song oj ats dgy jghturgs5


3;

8. Fhsgb ol t`g jarst hlb sgcolb mhw oj t`grnobylhnacs. 6. [alc` hlhmysas as hppmachfmg jor fot` lgw bgsail hs wgmm hs t`g rgtrojat systgns. 3. At whs bgvgmopgb jor crubg bastammhtaol systgns fut as low hppmachfmg to mhrig lunfgr oj procgss albustrags. 2. Al hbbataol to glgriy colsgrvhtaol [alc` tgc`lomoiy provabgs iglgrhm anprovgnglts RN RN 7. Song jhnous [alc` sojtwhrgs hrg [alc` Gxprgss , Hspgl [alc` & RN SupgrRhrigt 

Vgtrojat hlhmysas

Vgtrojat hlhmysas as bolg to al omb procgss procgssgs to sgg w`ht nobajachtaols suiigstgb fy palc` hlhmysas hrg nost suathfmg jor t`g proegct. At moods alto t`g optanazhtaol oj t`g procgss t`roui` glgriy chpathm trhbg ojj. Al oam rgjalali, rgtrojat bgsails hrg jhr norg connol t`hl irhss root hppmachtaols. R`g rgtrojat thrigts hrg prgjgrhfmy hcàgvgb fy rg-usali gxastali gquapnglt norg gjjacagltmy rht`gr t`hl alsthmmali lgw gquapnglts hlb alcurrali lgw costs.

2. SRG[S AL @GHR ALRGIVHRAOL Sòwl fgmow hrg t`g bajjgrglt stgps oj `ght altgirhtaol (7.8.8)


38

7.6 @GHR ALRGIVHRAOL AL CBW

8. AN[OVRHLCG OJ @GHR ALRGIVHRAOL AL CBW Bastammhtaol as t`g mhrigst salimg glgriy colsungr al t`g Vgjalgry. Mhrig sgctaol oj oam as spglt al jugmmali t`g CBW atsgmj. At as glgriy altglsavg procgss hs t`g tgnpgrhturg oj t`g crubg `hs to fg gmgvhtgb to h o

ài` tgnpgrhturg oj 372 C. Ràs alcrghsg al tgnpgrhturg as hcàgvgb fy gxc`hliali `ght al vhraous `ght gxc`hligrs fgtwggl crubg hlb strghns oj VCO, SV Ihsomalg, Dgro 6 gtc wàc` hrg ht ài` tgnpgrhturg. @ght altgirhtaol jocusgs ol hcàgvali

nhxanun glgriy rgcovgry jron t`gsg strghns t`roui` hl optanazgb @GL so t`ht t`g crubg chl fg suppmagb ht ài`gst possafmg tgnpgrhturg to t`g jurlhcg, tùs shvali glgriy. H rgcglt bgvgmopnglt al bastammhtaol tgc`lomoiy `hs sòwl potgltahm shvalis oj up to 87-2; % t`roui` t`g `ght‛altgirhtgb gxc`hligr lgtword (prg -`ght trhal) & bastammhtaol bastammhtaol comunl.

6. @GHR ALRGIVHRAOL HR CBW IWYH@RA VGJALGQ Y`ht `hs fggl bolg? 8. R`g fhsas oj `ght altgirhtaol al `ght gxc`hlig procgss as puttali procgss òt strghns al t`grnhm colthct wat` procgss comb strghns. Yg `hvg hmrghby sggl òw probuct òt strghns oj VCO, SVIO gtc ht ài` tgnpgrhturg hrg usgb to gxc`hlig `ght wat` t`g crubg oam ht mow tgnpgrhturg. 6. Bgsailali oj hl Optanazgb @ght Gxc`hligr Lgtword al prg-`ght trhal usali usali `ght altgirhtaol tooms madg palc` hlhmysas & rgtrojat hlhmysas al Eumy 6;8;. Ràs bgsail hmmows nhxanun glgriy `ght rgcovgry.

Y`ht chl fg bolg? 8. Wsali `ght altgirhtgb bastammhtaol comunls. @ABC chl shvg glgriy fy rgcovgrali gxcgss `ght jron t`g rgctajyali sgctaol jor ushig al t`g strappali sgctaol.


36

6. Sggali t`g t`g altgrhctaols altgrhctaols oj

@GL hlb hlb bastammhtaol bastammhtaol comunl hlb hppmyali hppmyali confalgb confalgb

`ght altgirhtaol jor wòmg ulat.

3. GPHN[MG JVON CBW [VG-@GHR RVHAL Vghmmochtaol oj `ght gxc`hligrs whs bolg al CBW prg-`ght trhal al Eumy ‑8; jor `ght altgirhtaol al Iuwh`hta rgjalgry. R`g wòmg procgss as sunnhrazgb fgmow (7.6.8)5

R`g 3 Stgp prg-`ght trhal oj CBW

Mow tgnpgrhturg bajjgrglcg hcross t`g `ght gxc`hligrs madg S-88/C whs rgbucali ovgrhmm `ght trhlsjgr.

[alc` hlhmysas whs pgrjorngb hlb Vgtrojattali oj t`g gxc`hligr lgtword whs bolg.

S-88/C whs novgb jron comb sgctaol to òt sgctaol hmoli wat` s`gmm sabg tufg sabg jmuab altgrc`hlig oj S-62, S-86H.


33

R`g jaiurg (7.6.6) ol t`g lgxt [hig sòws t`g [osataol oj S-88C fgjorg hlb hjtgr t`g `ght altgirhtaol procgss5 S-88C Omb [osataol

S-88C lgw [osataol



VGSWMRS

8. Alcrghsg al tgnpgrhturg bajjgrglcg & `ght gxc`hlig hcross 88/C 6. Alcrghsg oj 8; oC al tgnpgrhturg oj crubg fgali suppmagb to t`g jurlhcg. 3. Shvalis oj 886; SVRJ/Qr glgriy


32

COLCMWSAOLS

R`gsg hrg our Colcmusaols fhsgb ol t`g proegct5 8. R`g Anporthlcg oj Crubg bastammhtaol Wlat al h rgjalgry hs t`g not`gr ulat 6. Yg mghrlt t`g lggb oj Lggb oj `ght gxc`hlig procgss al CBW. R`g 3 stgp `ght gxc`hligr lgtword oj CBW as usgb to `ght crubg t`roui` glgriy gxc`hlig wat` òt probucts strghns. 3. [grjornhlcg & Gjjacaglcy oj cratachm `ght gxc`hligr as vgry lgcgsshry jor gjjacaglt `ght trhlsjgr. R`gsg `ght gxc`hligrs lggb to fg propgrmy nhalthalgb. 2. Yg `hvg sggl òw sanpmg Colcgpts madg `ght Buty, MNRB chl fg usgb to nolator @ght gxc`hligr gjjacaglcy. 7. R`roui` Chmcumhtaols wg shw t`ht `ght gxc`hligr lo S-88/c as wordali gjjacagltmy wàmg t`grg as mgss `ght trhlsjgr hs conphrgb to bgsail al S-63H/F hlb S-67.R`g rghsol jor algjjacaglcy whs joulb to fg Joumali. :. Yat` rasali costs oj alputs madg oam @ght altgirhtaol `hs fgchng hl gssgltahm stgp al [rocgss albustry madg Iuwh`hta rgjalgry jor nhxanazali `ght rgcovgry hlb rgbucali costs. [alc` Hlhmysas as hl gxcgmmglt toom jor `ght altgirhtgb gxc`hligr lgtword. R`roui` our 6 nolt`s sthy ht Iuwh`hta rgjalgry hs our jarst albustrahm gxposurg wg `hvg ulbgrstoob òw t`g ihp fgtwggl t`g Foods & albustry as frabigb. Yg jhnamahrazgb oursgmvgs wat` t`g vhraous probuctaol hctavatags thdali pmhcg al t`g rgjalgry. Vomg oj Gcolonacs, Glvarolnglthm colstrhalts gtc. jor hl albustry wgrg sggl. Yg

low `hvg h cmghr anhig oj oam albustry albustry al Albah hlb romg oj ats faiigst

pmhygr, AOCM al at. HMM al hmm tàs trhalali `hs `gmpgb us al ihalali coljabglcg to thdg ol t`g c`hmmgligs oj t`g albustry al hl gjjacaglt why al t`g juturg.


37

VGJGVGLCGS



Snat` V, Eofsol N, C`gl M & Jhrrod` [ S (6;8;), @ght altgirhtgb bastammhtaol systgn bgsail, bgsail, C`gnachm Glialggrali Rrhlshctaols, vomung Rrhlshctaols, vomung 68.



Hm-Nuthara G N, Narihla H, Bhhehla F.J.& Xurgsà FH ( 6;88), Glgriy optanazhtaol optanazhtaol oj crubg oam sgphrhtaol pmhlt . A[CFGG, vomung 82.



Ihbhmmh N, Eofsol N & Snat` V (6;;3), Optanashtaol oj gxastali `ghtaltgirhtgb rgjalgry bastammhtaol systgn, systgn , C`gnachm Glialggrali Vgsghrc` hlb Bgsail , 08(8)5829-876. , 08(8)5829-876.



Jgli P, [u E, Qhli E & Cù D @ (6;88), Glgriy rgcovgry al pgtroc`gnachm conpmgxgs t`roui` `ght altgirhtaol rgtrojats hlhmysas , Hppmagb Glgriy Glgriy Zomung 00



C`giala S, Bhrihà V & Nh`bhva

H (6;;0) , , Nobajachtaol Nobajachtaol oj prg`ghtali `ght

gxc`hligr lgtword al crubg bastammhtaol ulat oj hrhd rgjalgry fhsgb ol palc` tgc`lomoiy, [rocggbalis oj t`g Yormb Colirgss ol Glialggrali hlb Conputgr Scaglcg , ;6. 

Sh`bgv N (6;8;), [alc` Rgc`lomoiy 5 Fhsacs jor Fgiallgrs, Fgiallgrs , R`g C`gnachm Glialggrs‑ Vgsourcgs [hig.


3:

FAFMAOIVH[@Q



Opgrhtaol Nhluhm Crubg Bastammhtaol Bastammhtaol Wlat , Iuwh`hta Vgjalgry, Albahl Oam Corporhtaol Mtb., 6;;1



@ght Gxc`hligrs Nhluhm, Iuwh`hta Nhluhm, Iuwh`hta Vgjalgry, Albahl Oam Corporhtaol Mtb., 8119



Snat` V, C`gnachm [rocgss C`gnachm [rocgss Bgsail hlb Altgirhtaol. Altgirhtaol . Ygst Sussgx5 NcIrhw @amm, 6;;7.



Dgval B. Vhjjgrty. @ght Gxc`hligrs. Orgiol5 Gxc`hligrs. Orgiol5 Igo-@ght Cgltrg, 6;86.



Fgehl H hlb Hmmhl B Drhus, @ght Rrhlsjgr @hlbfood, Lgw Egrsgy5 Eo`l Yamgy & Sols, 6;;3.



Dutz N, @ght-Rrhlsjgr @ght-Rrhlsjgr Chmcumhtaols, Chmcumhtaols, Os`hwh5 NcIrhw-@amm, 6;;:.



Nhrc` Mallòjj, Altrobuctaol to [alc` Rgc`lomoiy, C`gsàrg5 Mallòjj Nhrc` Mtb., 8110.


39

IMOSSHVQ

8. CBW 5 Crubg Bastammhtaol Bastammhtaol Wlat 6. @ght Gxc`hligr 5 H alstrunglt jor gxc`hliali glgriy watàl two ngbauns 3. @GL5 @ght Gxc`hligr Lgtword 2. @ght Buty 5 Hnoult oj `ght gxc`hligb pgr òur X> n*Cp*t 7. MNRB 5 Moihrat`nac nghl tgnpgrhturg Bajjgrglcg MNRB>

∖ta )∖(Ro ∖to ) Ra –ta  ml ( ∖ ∖) (Ra

:. @ght Altgirhtaol5 Ngtòb jor nhxanasali `ght rgcovgry 9. [alc` Hlhmysas5 Room jor `ght altgirhtaol


30

Crude Distillation unit(Guwahati Refinery) - Heat Exchange & Integration

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