^P[@KOP OALK"^-
^P[@KOP OD/"^-
"VCKA^K [O@KZCMOK ]D[Z GALMC] OALK GDZ IZD[V A^^MIOLKOP^# YZMPK PBK IZD[V CKA@KZ”^ OALK GMZ^P/
O 2702;0= ^KAO ^KZNAO PDE@KLMZ
Q[P J[^MOK^^ ^NBDDC A^^MIOLKOP NDWKZ ^BKKP ]dur assmiolkot sbduc` jk stapck` mo td tdp ckgt,bao` ndrokr/ @D ODP [^K pcastmn sckkvks dr jmo`mois/ Vckask kosurk ydu EKKV A NDV] dg ydur assmiolkot/ Vckask rkgkr td Ykke 1 @dnulkot dr mogdrlatmdo do tbk uomt Jcanejdar` smtk dr a`vmnk grdl cknturkrs$tutdrs rkiar`moi rkturo dg assmiolkots/ Assmiolkots lay jk rkturok` vma Assmiolkot Lmo`kr# mo ncass „ cknturks$tutdrmacs$wdresbdps# cknturks$tutdrmacs$wdresbdps# `urmoi ndosuctatmdo tmlks dr vma dtbkr lkaos as a`vmsk` jy tbk [omt Nddr`moatdr$^nbddcs/ Vbdtdirapbmn m`kotmgmnatmdo wmcc jk rkturok`/
@ APK ZKNKMWK@ "Dggmnk usk docy-
NALV[^ IAZ@KO^ VDMOP ^NBDDC ALVZ [OMP OALK VZDHKNP [OMP ND@K ALO 067 @[K @APK 1;/6:/:61> CKNP[ZKZ ”^$P[PDZ ”^ OALK LZ/ LMNBAKC @KWMOK P[PDZMAC @A]$PMLK Assmiolkot Od/ ' > ' VZDHKNP $ NZM^M^ NDLL[OMNAPMDO NDLL[OMNAPMDO AO@ @ksnrmptmdo$P @ksnrmptmdo $Pdpmn dpmn MLN AVVZDANB# AOAC]^M^ DG QAOPA^ AO@ PMIKZ NZM^K^/ @KNCAZAPMDO8 @KNCAZAPMDO8 M `kncark tbat8 •
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Pbms wdre ms kotmrkcy ly dwo# ao` od part dg mt bas jkko ndpmk` grdl aoy dtbkr pkrsdo”s wdr`s dr m`kas# m`kas# kxnkpt kxnkpt as spknmgmna spknmgmnaccy ccy aneodwck aneodwck`ik `ik` ` tbrduib tbrduib tbk usk dg movkrtk` movkrtk` ndllas ao` mo,tkxt rkgkrkonks5 Od part dg tbms assmiolkot bas jkko wrmttko gdr lk jy aoy dtbkr pkrsdo kxnkpt wbkrk sunb ndccajdratmdo bas jkko autbdrmsk` jy tbk [omt Nddr`moatdr ndonkrok`5 M uo`krstao` ly assmiolkot lay jk snaook` as part dg tbk assksslkot prdnkss# ao` tbat pcaimarmsl `ktkntmdo sdgtwark lay jk utcmcmsk`5 Pbms assmiolkot bas odt jkko sujlmttk` gdr aoy dtbkr uomt at Q[P dr aoy dtbkr mostmtutmdo# uockss autbdrmsk` jy tbk rkckvaot [omt Nddr`moatdr5 M bavk rka` ao` ajm`k` jy acc dg tbk rkqumrklkots skt `dwo gdr tbms assmiolkot/
^MIOAP[ZK (……………………………………………………//……/… ( Mg tbms ms a irdup assmiolkot# docy dok smioaturk ms rkqumrk` •
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@APK………………//…………
Pbk [omt Nddr`moatdr lay kxkrnmsk a rmibt odt td lare tbms assmiolkot assmiolkot mg tbk ajdvk `kncaratmdo bas odt jkko smiok`/ Mg tbk ajdvk `kncaratmdo ms gduo` td jk gacsk ao` ydu ark mo jrkanb dg Q[P”s Ana`klmn Motkirmty pdcmny ao` tbk ^tu`kot Nd`k dg Ndo`unt# Ndo`unt # tbk mostaonk dg lmsndo`unt wmcc jk `kact wmtb anndr`moi td tbk Laoaiklkot dg ^tu`kot @msnmpcmok pdcmny / Ydr` Nduot 8 092>$;666
1/ Vrdpdsac ao` Cmtkraturk Zkvmkw ^ullary
Ybmck nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo bas cdoi bmstdry smonk tbk jkimoomoi dg tbk nmvmcmsatmdo# ana`klmn ao` prdgkssmdoac motkrkst mo nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo startk` gamrcy rknkotcy/ Pbk m`kotmgmnatmdo dg nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo as ao ana`klmn `dlamo ao` prantmnk `atks jane ckss tbao >6 ykars aid "Gkaro, Jaoes# :669-/ Nrmsks bavk acways jkko prkskot ao` pdsk tbrkats td ndllkrnmac ao` pdcmtmnac driaomsatmdo# bdwkvkr tbk ndonkpt dg nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo klkrik` mo tbk skndo` bacg dg tbk :6tb nkotury ao` td`ay mt stmcc rklamos as a `kvkcdpmoi arka "Gmsblao# 1===5 [clkr# :61:-/ Driaomsatmdos acways gank tbk `aoikr dg nrmsks
Nrmsks ark tbrkatkomoi kvkots wmtb slacc pdtkotmac td dnnur jut bmib pdtkotmac td aggknt tbk guturk dg ao driaomsatmdo5 wbmnb# `kspmtk aljmiudus ways dg rksdcvmoi# rkqumrk rapm` rkspdosk "Vkarsdo ' Ncamr# 1==2-/ Nddljs ao` Bdcca`ay ":66:- `kgmok` nrmsks as uoprk`mntajck monm`kots tbat nduc` motkrrupt ao driaomsatmdo”s dpkratmdos ao` tbrkatko td `alaik mts rkputatmdo/ Pbkrkgdrk# nrmsks nduc` jk `kstruntmvk gdr driaomsatmdoac rkputatmdos/
^dlk rkskarnbkrs ariuk tbat nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo okk`s td bavk rkantmvk apprdanb td prdtknt driaomsatmdoac rkputatmdo "Nddljs# :6695 Vackonbar#:66=5 ]aoi# Eaoi# ' Hdbosdo# :616Ndovkrskcy# dtbkrs ncaml tbat nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo okk`s td jk trkatk` as cdoi tkrl rkcatmdosbmp laoaiklkot wmtb staekbdc`krs5 mo dtbkr wdr`s# wmtb a prdantmvk apprdanb "[clkr# ^kkikr ' ^kccodw# :6695 Ao`krsko ' ^pmtzjkri# :66=-/ Pwd,way syllktrmnac ld`kc ms acsd rkndllko`k` jy dtbkr snbdcars as m`kac nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy "Iruomi ' Buot# 1=205 Idozackz,Bkrrkrd 'Vratt# 1==75 Ao`krsko ' ^pmtzjkri# :66=-/ Pbms ld`kc rkqumrks jmcatkrac kxnbaoiks dg dpmomdos# attmtu`ks# ao` tbk jkbavmdurs dg jdtb sm`ks/
Mo a ndostaotcy nbaoimoi wdrc`# survmvmoi ms a nbacckoik gdr laoy driaomsatmdos/ Ymtbdut apprdprmatk ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy laoy nrmsks nduc` turo motd `msastkrs/ Pd konduraik pdsmtmvk dutndlks ao` rk`unk tbk `alaik grdl nrmsks# motkiratk` ndlluomnatmdo apprdanb ms suiikstk` as a jkttkr dptmdo "^cajjkrt ' Jarekr# :611-/ Nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo bas jkko ndosm`krk` as a Vujcmn Zkcatmdos "VZ- `msnmpcmok gdr a cdoi tmlk "Ao ' Nbkoi# :616-5 bdwkvkr mo rknkot ykars ldrk snbdcars apprdanb nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo as ao Motkiratk` Larektmoi Ndlluomnatmdo "MLN- arka/
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Anndr`moi td Ikmssckr ":661-# tbk lamo purpdsk dg MLN ms td prkskot ndlprkbkosmvk ao` ndbkrkot lkssaiks wbmnb laxmlmsk tbk mlpant dg tbk ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy/ A rknkot stu`y acsd sbdws tbat MLN stratkiy ms ldrk kggmnmkot mo `kacmoi wmtb staekbdc`krs mo tmlks dg nrmsms ao` mt acsd dptmlmsks ndrpdratk ndlluomnatmdo prantmnk "Vratt# A`kldsu# A`aldckeuo# Acajm# ' Narr# :611-/ ^cajjkrt ao` Jarekr ":611- acsd suiikst tbk mlpcklkotatmdo dg MLN stratkiy as a supkrmdr apprdanb tbat nao `kcmvkr irkatkr jkokgmnmac dutndlks tbao rkantmvk stratkimks/ Mo rknkot ykars# sdnmac lk`ma pcatgdrls bavk klkrik` as ao kggmnmkot pcatgdrl gdr nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo/ Zkskarnbkrs bavk rkndllko`k` sdnmac lk`ma as ao kxalpck dg a rmsmoi ao` pdwkrguc tddc dg MLN lmx "Ncdu`lao ' Baccabao# :6675 ^nbuctz# [tz ' Idrmtz# :611-/
Jask` do tbk cmtkraturk rkvmkw# tbk laoaikrmac prdjckl ao` rkskarnb qukstmdo ark `kgmok` as8 ,–Nrmsks ark acways lahdr tbrkats td tbk driaomsatmdos# bdwkvkr nrkatmoi ao kggkntmvk nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy ndotmouks td jk a lahdr nbacckoik gdr `knmsmdo laekrs/“ ,–Bdw sdnmac lk`ma ms ao kggmnmkot tddc td `kac wmtb staekbdc`krs mo ao MLN nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy4“
:/ Zkskarnb
Pbms skntmdo `ksnrmjks ao` movkstmiatks rknkot tbk nrmsks dg Pmikr Amrways Austracma "Pmikrao` Qaotas Amrways Cmlmtk` "Qaotas- ao` tbkmr rkspdosks td tbk smtuatmdo as wkcc as tbk mlpdrtaonk dg tbk laoaikrmac prdjckl ao` rkskarnb qukstmdo/ Jdtb ndlpaomks kxpkrmkonk` carik snack ao` skrmdus nrmsks mo :611/ Pbk lahdrmty dg mogdrlatmdo was `krmvk` grdl skndo`ary `ata sdurnks cmek tra`k hduroacs# laiazmoks# okwspapkrs ao` kvko hduroac artmncks/ Vrmlary `ata sdurnks sunb as survkys# gdnus irdups ao` motkrvmkws wkrk odt ndosm`krk` jknausk dg tbkmr `mggmnucty dg ndo`unt "sunb as gmo`moi pkdpck wbd wkrk aggkntk`- # as wkcc as cane dg suggmnmkot tmlk ao` gmoaonmac rksdurnks/
Zay "1===- statks tbat tbk amrcmok mo`ustry ndostmtutks a partmnucar vucokrajmcmty `uk td mts oaturk/ Pbk mo`ustry lay acsd kxpkrmkonk nkrtamo mssuks grdl pddr wdrepcank rkcatmdos ao` ndogcmnts mo okidtmatmdos/ Zkskarnb `kldostratks tbat wdrepcank nucturk pcays a nrunmac rdck mo a nrmsms "Imttkcc# Wdo Odr`kogcynbt# ' Ednbao# :660-/ Anndr`moi td ^lmtb ":667-# bavmoi a ndotmoikony pcao ao` nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy ms nrunmac mo tbk avmatmdo mo`ustry5 amrcmok
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ndlpaomks okk` td `kvkcdp a ndlprkbkosmvk nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo pcao wmtb tbkmr staekbdc`krs mo dr`kr td ndlluomnatk kggkntmvkcy/
:/1/ Pmikr Nrmsms
Pbk Austracmao Nmvmc Avmatmdo ^agkty Autbdrmty "NA^A- aooduonk` tbk mllk`matk suspkosmdo dg tbk Pmikr”s dpkratmdos mo :o` Hucy :611 `uk td skrmdus sagkty ndonkros "NA^A suspko`s dpkratmdos///# :611-/ Jkgdrk tbk irduo`moi# NA^A acrka`y ba` skvkrac ndonkros ajdut Pmikr”s pmcdt tramomoi ao` lamotkoaonk snbklk "Pmikr jrduibt jane///-/
^kvkrac ldotbs jkgdrk tbk nrmsms Pmikr vmdcatk` nkrtamo avmatmdo sagkty rucks ao` rkiucatmdos5
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Larnb :6118 NA^A mlpdsk` ndo`mtmdos do Pmikr”s amr dpkratdrs” nkrtmgmnatks/ Pbk ndo`mtmdos rkqumrk` mlprdvlkots rkiar`moi td lamotkoaonk ao` amrwdrtbmokss systkls# pmcdt tramomoi# tbk nbknemoi prdnkss# ao` gatmiuk laoaiklkot/
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:> Larnb :6118 Pmikr rknkmvk` a –sbdw nausk“ odtmnk grdl NA^A rkiar`moi lamotkoaonk# pmcdt ndlpktkony ao` sagkty laoaiklkot/
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9 Huok :6118 A Pmikr amrjus A >:= gckw do cdw actmtu`k wbmck apprdanbmoi motd Lkcjdurok amrpdrt/
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>6 Huok :6118 A Pmikr amrjus A>:6 gckw jkcdw tbk cdwkst sagk actmtu`k motd Avacdo amrpdrt/
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1 Hucy :6118 NA^A dr`krk` Pmikr td suspko` acc `dlkstmn skrvmnks uotmc Hucy =/ Anndr`moi td NA^A# accdwmoi Pmikr td gcy –pdsks a skrmdus ao` mllmokot rmse td amr sagkty“ "Bkar`# B/# Nalpjkcc# H/# ' Pdy# L/ # :611-/
Dok wkke catkr# NA^A appcmk` gdr a Gk`krac Ndurt kxtkotmdo dg irduo`moi suspkosmdo uotmc 1 Auiust :611 mo dr`kr td ndlpcktk mts movkstmiatmdo dg sagkty mssuks wmtbmo Pmikr”s dpkratmdos "NA^A rkpdrts Pmikr# :611-/
Agtkr a ldrk tbao a ldotb dg nrmsms# NA^A cmgtk` tbk suspkosmdo do 16 Auiust :611 moncu`moi uo`kr tbk ndo`mtmdos dg pmcdt tramomoi ao` prdgmnmkony# pmcdt rdstkrmoi# gatmiuk laoaiklkot# ao` alao`klkots td Pmikr”s sagkty laoaiklkot systkl "NA^A cmgts Pmikr///#:611-/ Pbk nrmsms bas ndst Pmikr arduo` $0/: lmccmdo a wkke "Bkar`# B/# Nalpjkcc# H/# ' Pdy# L/ # :611-/
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Agtkrwar`s# Pmikr cdst acldst bacg mts ncmkotkck5 okvkrtbkckss# mt `kldostratk` ao kggdrt td rkjumc` mts rkputatmdo ndonkotratmoi do sagkty# dpkratmdoac mlprdvklkot# ao` nustdlkr skrvmnk "Nrkk`y# :61:-/
:/1/1/ Bdw Pmikr rkspdo`k` td tbk nrmsms 4
Do tbk salk `ay dg NA^A”s suspkosmdo# Pmikr smiok` a `kac wmtb ndlluomnatmdo aikony# ^lart Lkcjdurok td ndo`unt a nalpamio tbat ndvkrk` tkckvmsmdo# prmot# `mimtac lk`ma# ao` `mrknt larektmoi tddcs/ Pmikr”s larektmoi laoaikr statk`8 –Yk”rk a yduoi jrao` mo tbk larekt ao` wmcc jk cddemoi td kstajcmsb ao` rkpdsmtmdo durskcvks“/ "La# :611a-/ Pbms ldvk nckarcy sbdws tbat Pmikr”s laoaiklkot ba` `mggmnuctmks td skt ndlluomnatmdo prmdrmtmks `urmoi a lahdr nrmsms/
Mo 0 Hucy :611# Pmikr”s NKD Pdoy @avms sam` tbat tbk ndlpaoy stays ))ajsdcutkcy ndllmttk` td tbk amrcmok)s cdoi,tkrl guturk mo Austracma))/ Bk statk` tbat Pmikr wmcc nddpkratk wmtb rkiucatdrs "NA^A- td rksdcvk tbkmr ndonkros ao` rkstart dpkratmdos as sddo as pdssmjck "Nrkk`y# :611a-/ @avms la`k aodtbkr statklkot do 2 Hucy :6118 bk sam` tbat Pmikr wduc` jk snrutmomsk` `urmoi tbk irduo`moi pkrmd` ao` tbky wduc` strmvk td `d wbatkvkr ms oknkssary td pkrsua`k nustdlkrs tbat Pmikr nao gcy aiamo sagkcy/ Bk prmdrmtmsk` tbk sagkty as tbk ouljkr dok mssuk ao` tbky bavk tbk suppdrt dg nustdlkrs as tbky kohdy tbk ndlpktmtmdo mo tbk larekt ao` cdw garks "Nrkk`y# :611j-/
@urmoi tbk nrmsms# Pmikr acsd ndo`untk` skvkrac antmvmtmks# wmtb mts klpcdykks/ Kxtra tramomoi ao` rkgrksbkr ndursks ba` jkko dggkrk`/ Bdwkvkr# skvkrac Pmikr pmcdts rkantk` okiatmvkcy# statmoi tbat tbk klpbasms do pmcdt prdgmnmkony was tbk lamo rkasdo gdr tbk irduo`moi/ Pmikr acsd ncasbk` wmtb Pbk Austracmao Ndlpktmtmdo ' Ndosulkr Ndllmssmdo `uk td rkguo` pdcmny/ Pmikr sam` tbat drmimoaccy suspkosmdo was docy gmvk `ays ao`# tbko wbko mt was prdcdoik` tbky suspko`k` sacks gdr tbk rkst dg Hucy ao` ldvk` autdlatmn rkguo` pdcmny gdr tbat pkrmd` "Nrkk`y# :611n-/
Do tbk dtbkr bao`# Ndsta ":611- ncamlk` tbat Pmikr `kldostratk` pddr pkrgdrlkonk mo tbkmr nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy/ ^bk statks tbat passkoikrs wkrk odt odtmgmk` ao` mogdrlk` ajdut tbk smtuatmdo/ Ybmck Pmikr usk` sdnmac lk`ma smtks Gankjdde ao` Pwmttkr wmtb a gkw lkssaiks# tbkrk was od uskguc mogdrlatmdo do tbk lamo wkjsmtk/ Pbk wkjsmtk docy moncu`k` a
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sbdrt statklkot wbmnb sullarmsk tbk irduo`moi pkrmd` ao` nustdlkrs wbd jduibt a gcmibt wmcc jk ndotan tk` ao` tbkmr ldoky wmcc jk rkguo`k` jut wmtbdut aoy tmlkcmok "Ndsta# :611-/
Bdwkvkr# as ao aggkntk` nustdlkr# Ndsta ":611- statk` tbat sbk ba` odt rknkmvk` ao k,lamc dr nacc grdl Pmikr/ Pbk nacc nkotkr ao` –cmvk nustdlkr pdrtac“ wkrk odt dpkratmdoi do a :0 bdur snack/ Mo dr`kr td rknkmvk a rkguo`# Pmikr suiikstk` tbat nustdlkrs ndlpcktk a gdrl ratbkr tbao mssumoi tbkl autdlatmnaccy/ Pbms ms acsd aodtbkr smio dg pddr ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy# ao` nustdlkr skrvmnk klpcdykks jcalk` Pmikr gdr odt prdvm`moi rksdurnks gdr tbkl td dggkr tbk rmibt nustdlkr skrvmnk "Ndsta# :611-/
Pdoy @avms”s cdoi tkrl dptmlmsl gdr Pmikr ao` bms nrk`mjmcmty wkrk acsd qukstmdok` `uk td bms `knmsmdo td skcc bms sbarks prmdr td NA^A”s aooduonklkot/ A Pmikr spdekswdlao sam` tbat Lr/@avms” sbark sack was bms pkrsdoac `knmsmdo "Pmikr jdss skccs///#:611-/ Pdoy @avms” rksmioatmdo do := Auiust :611 ba` aodtbkr mlpant do Pmikr”s rkpuatmdo ao` acsd aggkntk` bms nrk`mjmcmty "Bkascky#:611-/
Pbk Pmikr nrmsms mccustratks tbat tbk mlpdrtaonk dg tbk laoaikrmac prdjckl5 tbk irduo`moi nrmsms nrkatk` a carik tbrkat gdr tbk driaomsatmdo ao` bavmoi ao kggkntmvk nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy was a nbacckoik gdr tbk laoaiklkot# as `knmsmdo laekrs struiick` `urmoi tbk nrmsms/ @kspmtk tbk karcy smios dg nrmsms# laoaiklkot `m` odt taek aoy antmdo jkgdrk NA^A”s gcymoi cmnkonk mogrmoiklkot/ Ybmck Pmikr sbdwk` a gamr alduot dg kggdrt `urmoi tbk nrmsms td mogdrl ao` ndlluomnatk wmtb staekbdc`krs "nustdlkrs# klpcdykks# NA^A ktn-# dvkracc# tbk ndlpaoy ba` a pddr nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy/ As a rksuct# Pmikr”s driaomsatmdoac rkputatmdo rknkmvk` smiomgmnaot `alaik grdl tbk nrmsms/
:/:/ Qaotas Nrmsms
Mo :611# tbk Austracmao nmvmc avmatmdo mo`ustry acsd wmtokssk` aodtbkr nrmsms jut gdr a `mggkrkot rkasdo ao` do a carikr snack/ Agtkr ldotbs dg `msairkklkot do pay rmsks ao` iuaraotkks do wdregdrnk jktwkko uomdos# klpcdykks ao` Qaotas# do := Dntdjkr :611 NKD Acao Hdynk irduo`k` tbk kotmrk gckkt dg Qaotas mo Austracma ao` arduo` tbk wdrc` "Irduo` gmibtmoi# :611-/ [ocmek tbk Pmikr nrmsms# tbk Qaotas nrmsms was nausk` jy mo`ustrmac `msputk ao` ba` ao motkroatmdoac kggknt wbko 162 amrnragts wkrk irduo`k` mo :: amrpdrts wdrc`wm`k "Nurrao# :611-/
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Karcy smios dg nrmsms appkark` mo lm` Hucy :611/ ^komdr pmcdts `knm`k` td taek mo`ustrmac antmdo `uk td varmkty dg mssuks cmek gmvk,lmoutk wdre stdppaiks td twd,`ay waceduts# hdj sknurmty ndonkros ao` hdjs jkmoi skot dggsbdrk/ Mo a``mtmdo# tbk Qaotas koimokkrs” uomdo klpcdyk` a lmoutk,cdoi strmek as a ckiac trmiikr gdr a smio dg ldrk skrmdus stdpwdre antmdos "^aurmok# :611-/
Mo Auiust# Qaotas” aooduonklkot dg $:0= lmccmdo prdgmt agtkr tax jknalk a spare dg tbk nrmsms "Bdw tbk nrmsms//# :611-/ Mo catk ^kptkljkr# 0#666 jaiiaik bao`ckrs ao` irduo` stagg nkask` wdremoi gdr gdur bdurs mo kastkro Austracma/ Qaotas naonkcck` :2 gcmibts5 acsd# amrnragt lamotkoaonk koimokkrs tdde a `ay strmek mo Lkcjdurok ao` Praospdrt Ydrekrs [omdo lkljkrs stdppk` wdre at acc lahdr Austracmao amrpdrts gdr dok bdur/ Pbksk antmdos nausk` gkw naonkccatmdos ao` skvkrac `kcays# ao` aggkntk` tbdusao`s dg passkoikrs "^aurmok# :611-/
Mo Dntdjkr tbkrk wkrk oulkrdus antmdos ao` motkrvkotmdos as wkcc# cmek carikr snack rdccmoi strmeks wbmnb aggkntk` ldrk tbao 11#666 passkoikrs as wkcc as irduo` stagg ao` nustdl wdrekrs wmtb jaiiaik bao`ckrs# pmcdts# ao` koimokkrs/ "Bdw tbk nrmsms///# :611-/ Pbk Austracmao Vrmlk Lmomstkr Hucma Imccar` warok` jdtb sm`ks tbat tbk idvkrolkot wduc` kxkrnmsk mts pdwkrs td ko` tbk `msputk "Qaotas bmt bar`///# :611-/ Do := Dntdjkr #NKD Acao Hdynk irduo`k` tbk kotmrk gckkt wdrc`wm`k ao` aooduonk` tbk motkotmdo dg cdnemoi dut acc tbk movdcvk` klpcdykks mo tbk antmdo/ Do >1 Dntdjkr# Gamr Ydre Austracma motkrvkok` mo tbk nrmsms ao` jdtb partmks wkrk tdc` tbat tbky ba` :1 `ays td rksdcvk tbk mssuk wmtbdut# ao mo`ustrmac antmdo tbko gcmibts bavk jkko skt td rksulk ao` Qaotas aooduonk` tbat a gucc gcmibt snbk`uck wduc` jk jane do : Odvkljkr "^aurmok# :611-/
:/:/1/ Bdw Qaotas rkspdo`k` td tbk nrmsms4
@urmoi tbk nrmsms Qaotas ba` cauonbk` a prmot a`vkrtmsklkot nalpamio wbmnb was pujcmsbk` mo lahdr Austracmao okwspapkrs td apdcdimsk td passkoikrs gdr gcmibt `kcays ao` naonkccatmdos# ao` tbk nalpamio acsd jcalk` uomdo antmdo as rkspdosmjck 8 –Yk ark `dmoi acc wk nao td lmomlmsk tbk mlpant dg tbms antmdo# jut wk eodw mt bas mondovkomkonk` dur nustdlkrs ao` wk smonkrkcy apdcdimsk … Yk nao”t imvk mo td uomdo `klao`s tbat rmse tbk guturk dg Qaotas … Yk urik tbksk tbrkk uomdos td ndlk td ao airkklkot wmtb Qaotas tbat ms gamr ao` kqumtajck/“ "Jcmibt# :611-/
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Acao Hdynk jcalk` tbk klpcdykks wbd tdde antmdo aiamost tbk ndlpaoy as ‒trasbmoi” tbk stratkiy ao`# jrao` dg Qaotas ao` bk acsd annusk` tbkl# dg `kcmjkratkcy `kstajmcmsmoi Qaotas/ Bk sam` bk was gdrnk` td irduo` tbk gckkt/ Bk `ksnrmjk` bms `knmsmdo as jdc`# uojkcmkvajck ao` vkry bar` "Ybmtk ' Ackxao`kr# :611-/ A ndlpaoy statklkot sam` tbat Qaotas smonkrkcy apdcdimsk` td acc aggkntk` nustdlkrs ao` mg tbky nbdsk td naonkc tbkmr gcmibts gucc rkguo`s wduc` jk avamcajck "Ybmtk ' Ackxao`kr# :611-/
Acao Hdynk ncamlk` tbat tbk irduo`moi was pdsmtmvk gdr tbk Qaotas jrao`/ Mo ndotrast# tbk Austracmao ao` Motkroatmdoac Vmcdt Assdnmatmdo "AMVA- nrmtmnmsk` Hdynk”s rklares mo tbat tbk nrmsms nrkatk` –natastrdpbmn jrao` `alaik“/ AMVA prksm`kot Naptamo Jarry Hanesdo sam` Qaotas okk`k` td jk gdnus do rkpamrmoi mts tbk `alaik` rkputatmdo ao` okk`k` td a``rkss passkoikrs "GK@8Vmcdts attane# :61:-/
Agtkr tbk rksdcutmdo dg tbk nrmsms# Qaotas# bas acsd cauonbk` aodtbkr prmot nalpamio td amlk` at nustdlkrs# Anndr`moi td Qaotas spdekspkrsdo ^dpbma Ndookccy# tbk a` nalpamio was part dg antmvmtmks td wmo jane nustdlkr cdyacty ao` tbaoe tbkl tbkmr patmkonk `urmoi tbk nrmsms# ao` tbky wkrk pcaoomoi ldrk nustdlkr rkndvkry dptmdos "^lmtb# :611-/
Qaotas acsd usk` antdr Hdbo Pravdcta as a nkckjrmty aljassa`dr td rkpamr mts mlaik/ Pravdcta attko`k` a cauonb kvkot prdiral ao` stayk` mo Austracma gdr a ndupck dg nkckjratmdo kvkots/ Bdwkvkr# Pravdcta `m` odt appkar mo aoy a`vkrtmsklkots/ Qaotas acsd dggkrk` spknmac imgts td mts cdyacty ncuj "Grkqukot Gcykr- nustdlkrs aggkntk` jy tbk nrmsms/ Acao Hdynk sam` tbat8“ Qaotas ms odw 166+ gdnusk` do ikttmoi nustdlkrs td tbkmr `kstmoatmdos# sagkcy# do tmlk# mo ndlgdrt# ao` rkwar`moi tbkmr cdyacty td Qaotas/* "La# :611j-/
Agtkr tbk rksdcutmdo dg tbk `msputk# Qaotas statk` do Pwmttkr tbat8 –Od ldrk skrvmnks nao jk irduo`k` as tbk rksuct dg mo`ustrmac antmdo/ ]du nao jdde Qaotas gcmibts wmtb ndogm`konk ao` nkrtamoty/“ "^lmtb# :611-/
Do :: Odvkljkr :611# Qaotas kxpkrmkonk` a janecasb do Pwmttkr `uk pddr tantmn ao` tmlmoi/ Qaotas aooduonk` tbk cuxury ndlpktmtmdo as8 ))Kvkr waotk` td kxpkrmkonk Qaotas Gmrst Ncass cuxury4 ]du nduc` wmo a Gmrst Ncass imgt pane gkat/ a cuxury alkomty emt ao` dur galdus QG
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VHs/ Pd kotkr tkcc us Ybat ms ydur `rkal cuxury mogcmibt kxpkrmkonk4 "Jk nrkatmvk!- Aoswkr lust moncu`k .QaotasCuxury/)) "Paycdr#:611-/
Ymtbmo ao bdur Qaotas rknkmvk` tbdusao`s dg sarnastmn twkkts wbd attanek` tbk amrcmok”s irduo`moi dg mts gckkt# Acao Hdynk”s sacary# tbkmr trkatlkot dg klpcdykks# ao` tbk mrdoy dg tbk ndlpktmtmdo "Ckk# :611-/ .Qaotas Cuxury ndlpktmtmdo nrkatk` aodtbkr nrmsms ao` `alaik` Qaotas” ndrpdratk rkputatmdo/ Pbk tmlmoi dg tbk nalpamio was moapprdprmatk as mt was cauonbk` hust agtkr tbk irduo`moi nrmsms "Huoi# :61:-/
Pbk Qaotas nrmsms `kldostratk` tbk mlpdrtaonk dg tbk laoaikrmac prdjckl/ Pbk nrmsms nausk` smiomgmnaot `alaik gdr tbk driaomsatmdo”s ndrpdratk rkputatmdo ao` mlaik/ Qaotas laoaiklkot struiick` tbrduib tbk nrmsms td `kac wmtb staekbdc`krs# kspknmaccy klpcdykks/ Kvko tbduib# karcy smioacs dg nrmsms appkark` ldotbs jkgdrk tbk antuac kvkot# laoaiklkot miodrk` ao` okickntk` tbk mssuks/ Qaotas” lamo kggdrts wkrk amlk` at nustdlkrs ratbkr tbao uobappy stagg wbd wkrk prmlary staekbdc`krs/ Moapprdprmatk stratkiy ao` tantmns janegmrk` td tbk amrcmok as ldrk `ktrmlkotac td mts rkputatmdo/
>/ Aoacysms
Pbms skntmdo aoacysk` tbk laoaikrmac prdjckl# eky ndonkpts grdl tbk cmtkraturk rkvmkw# ao` djskrvatmdos grdl nask stu`y# `ata mo tkrls dg tbk ndlpaomks” rkspdosk td tbk nrmsms smtuatmdo/
>/1/ Laoaikrmac prdjckl
Mo a ndostaotcy nbaoimoi wdrc`# tbk a`vaonklkot dg okw tknbodcdimks monrkask` tbk pkrmc dg nrmsks wbmnb la`k nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy a lamo djcmiatmdo gdr driaomsatmdos "[clkr# :61:-/ Dvkr tbk past gkw `kna`ks# tbk dnnurrkonk ao` motkosmty dg nrmsks monrkask` `ralatmnaccy/ Anndr`moi td ^pkonk# Canbcao ao` Irmggmo ":669-# ao kggkntmvk nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy ms a ksskotmac mostrulkot gdr driaomsatmdos as tbk ouljkr ao` mlpant dg nrmsks ms irdwmoi/ Laoy stu`mks wmtbmo nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo rkvkack` tbat dok dg tbk ldst strkodus mssuks `urmoi a nrmsms ms prdtkntmoi tbk driaomsatmdoac rkputatmdo# ao` kxnaboimoi tbk okiatmvk dpmomdos dg staekbdc`krs gdr pdsmtmvk doks "]aoi# Eaoi# ' Hdbosdo# :616-/ Nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo ms stmcc a nbacckoimoi ao` bazar`dus arka gdr `knmsmdo,laekrs/
=
>/:/ Eky Ndonkpts
Mo tbk tmlk dg nrmsms# mg driaomsatmdos usk skvkrac ndlluomnatmdo tddcs ao` kggmnmkot ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy tbky nduc` djtamo ndostruntmvk rksucts# wbmck tbdsk wbd utmcmsk a wkae stratkiy nduc` gank wdrskomoi nrmsms smtuatmdos ao` okiatmvk ndoskqukonks "Larra# 1==2-/ Mg driaomsatmdos gamck` td mlpcklkot a prdpkr nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy# rksucts nduc` jk `alaimoi gdr tbk driaomsatmdo "Easb ' @arcmoi# 1==2-/
^dlk rkskarnbkrs ariuk tbat kggkntmvk nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy sbduc` bavk prdantmvk apprdanb ratbkr tbao a rkantmvk dok/ Pbk lamo pdmot ms tbat nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo okk`s td jk a cdoi tkrl prdnkss wbmnb `kvkcdps a lutuac uo`krstao`moi ao` rkndiomtmdo aldoist tbk driaomsatmdo ao` mts staekbdc`krs "Iruomi ao` Buot# 1=205 Idozackz,Bkrrkrd 'Vratt# 1==75 Ao`krsko ' ^pmtzjkri# :66=-/
Anndr`moi td @dzmkr ao` Kbcmoi "1==:-# `kacmoi wmtb antmvk pujcmns ms a buik nbacckoik gdr driaomsatmdos as tbky usuaccy skke actkroatmvk mogdrlatmdo sdurnks grdl dtbkr sdurnks td strkoitbko tbkmr attmtu`k ao` antmdo aiamost tbk driaomsatmdo/ Pbkrkgdrk# driaomsatmdos okk` td accdnatk tbk lahdrmty dg tbkmr ndlluomnatmdo rksdurnks td okidtmatk wmtb antmvk pujcmns td djtamo tbkmr apprdvac/
MLN bas jkko suiikstk` as ao uctmlatk nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy wbmnb jrmois ldrk prd`untmvk dutndlks "Okubaus# :6165 ^cajjkrt# ' Jarekr# :611-/ Irddl ":611- asskrts tbat MLN ms ao ksskotmac nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo apprdanb mg driaomsatmdos waot td jk rklamo gast# aimck ao` rkspdosmvk/
Ybko a nrmsms klkriks# laoy pkdpck skke mogdrlatmdo do tbk motkrokt ao` sdnmac lk`ma/ Mg ao driaomsatmdo nbddsks td usk sdckcy tra`mtmdoac lk`ma nbaookcs td `kcmvkr mts lkssaik stratkiy wbmck rkspdo`moi td a nrmsms# dtbkr irdups dr mo`mvm`uacs wmcc spkae jkbacg do jkbacg tbk driaomsatmdo mo tbk docmok pcatgdrls "Wkmc# Jukbokr# ' Vackonbar# :611-/
Paycdr ao` Ekot ":669- prdvk` tbk kggkntmvkokss dg tbk motkrokt8 tbkmr rkskarnb sbdws tbat Motkrokt mt was utmcmsk` mo at ckast bacg dg 19; nrmsks ao` mt was rkndllko`k` as tbk jkst klkrimoi ndlluomnatmdo pcatgdrl/ A traosgdrlmoi lk`ma kovmrdolkot ao` irdwmoi docmok
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atldspbkrk ldvk tra`mtmdoac lk`ma rkcatmdos stratkimks "k/i/# lk`ma rkckask- td ldrk apprdprmatk doks gdr sdnmac lk`ma pcatgdrls "Yatkrs# Pmo`acc ' Ldrtdo# :616-/
^dnmac lk`ma rkprkskots a nrunmac part dg tbk MLN lmx dg nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo# ao` rknkot rkskarnb `kldostratks tbat Pwmttkr ms a smiomgmnaot ao` kggmnmkot pcatgdrl td `kcmvkr lkssaiks Huoi ":61:- ncamls tbat# tbk nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy do sdnmac lk`ma okk`s jk td gckxmjck ao` a`hustajck `kpko`moi do nmrnulstaonks/ Pbk stratkiy lust aneodwck`ik tbk au`mkonk ao` tbk au`mkonk”s kxpkntatmdos/
>/>/ @ata
>/>/1/ Pmikr Nrmsms
Lamo rkasdo gdr nrmsms was Pmikr”s tknbomnac okicmikonk dg nmvmc avmatmdo sagkty rkiucatmdos/ Ybko NA^A kxkrnmsk` mts pdwkrs# Pmikr”s kotmrk gckkt was irduo`k` ldrk tbao a ldotb/ Nrmsks ndst Pmikr a sujstaotmac alduot dg ldoky ao` nausk` a smiomgmnaot alduot dg `alaik td mts driaomsatmdoac rkputatmdo/ Mt nduc` jk sam` tbat tbk nrmsms was a buik laoaikrmac prdjckl gdr Pmikr as tbk amrcmok”s nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy was uosunnkssguc mo laoy aspknts/ Laoaiklkot gamck` td mlpcklkot prdpkr stratkiy/
Pmikr `m` odt gdccdw a prdantmvk apprdanb mo tkrls dg ndlluomnatmoi wmtb aggkntk` passkoikrs# prdvm`moi jkttkr nustdlkr skrvmnk/ Vasskoikrs wkrk odt mogdrlk` prdpkrcy at tbk amrpdrts# ao` tbk wkjsmtk `m` odt ndotamo prantmnac mogdrlatmdo ajdut tbk smtuatmdo/ Acsd# tbk rkguo` prdnkss was odt autdlatmn# ao` tbk nacc nkotrk ao` cmvk nustdlkr pdrtac wkrk odt dpkratmdoac do a :0 bdur jasms as tbky okk`k` jk `urmoi tbk nrmsms/
Ybmck Pmikr usk` Gankjdde ao` Pwmttkr# jy tbk tmlk dg tbms rkpdrt# tbk ndotkot dg tbkmr lkssaiks ao` sdnmac lk`ma stratkiy mogdrlatmdo wkrk odt uoavamcajck/ Zkskarnb sbdws tbat Pmikr lamocy usk` tra`mtmdoac lk`ma nbaookcs vma prkss ao` lk`ma rkckasks tddcs/ Pbkrkgdrk# mt nduc` jk ariuk` tbat Pmikr `m` odt mlpcklkot MLN stratkiy `urmoi tbk nrmsms/
Mllk`matkcy agtkr NA^A”s suspkosmdo dr`kr Pmikr smiok` a ndotrant wmtb a cdnac ndlluomnatmdo aikony td rkpdsmtmdo mtskcg/ Pbk ldvk was nckarcy amlk`# at ikokrac ndlluomnatmdo ao` sack purpdsks ratbkr tbao gdnusmoi do rkndvkry grdl tbk nrmsms/ Pbms
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nckarcy sbdws tbat Pmikr”s laoaiklkot nduc` odt prmdrmtmsk mts ndlluomnatmdo okk`s apprdprmatkcy/
@urmoi tbk nrmsms# NKD Pdoy @avms la`k skvkrac lk`ma statklkots ajdut Pmikr”s antmvmtmks ao` rkspdosk td nrmsms/ Bk sam` tbat sagkty wduc` jk tbk ouljkr dok mssuk ao` tbky wduc` guccy nddpkratk wmtb NA^A td rkturo td odrlac dpkratmdos/ Bk acsd lkotmdok` tbat tbkrk wduc` jk laoy tramomoi antmvmtmks gdr klpcdykks td lmomlmsk tbk bulao krrdr gantdr# ao` bk klpbasmsk` bms jkcmkg ao` ndllmtlkot td Pmikr”s cdoi tkrl guturk mo Austracma/ Bdwkvkr# bms nrk`mjmcmty was qukstmdok` wbko mt was rkvkack` tbat bk sdc` bms ndlpaoy sbarks jkgdrk tbk nrmsms# ao` a ldotb agtkr tbk nrmsms bk ckgt Pmikr ao` `kldostratk` bms cane dg nrk`mjmcmty/
Mt nduc` jk sam` tbat Pmikr sbdwk` a gamr alduot dg kggdrt td rk`unk tbk `alaimoi kggknt dg tbk nrmsms# jut mts dvkracc pkrgdrlaonk was lk`mdnrk/ Pbk amrcmok `m` odt usk ao MLN stratkiy# dr sdnmac lk`ma kggkntmvkcy td ndlluomnatk wmtb staekbdc`krs/ Okvkrtbkckss# mts stratkiy was twd way syllktrmnac jask` as mt ndccajdratk` guccy wmtb NA^A td mlprdvk tknbomnac ndo`mtmdos ao` ndlpcy wmtb sagkty rkiucatmdos/
>/>/:/ Qaotas Nrmsms
Pbk Qaotas nrmsms dnnurrk` `uk td cdoi tkrl mo`ustrmac `msputk jktwkko uomdos ao` Qaotas laoaiklkot/ [ocmek Pmikr”s NKD# tbk Qaotas NKD Acao Hdynk `knm`k` td irduo` tbk kotmrk gckkt mo Austracma# ao` arduo` tbk wdrc`/ As Qaotas ms a smiomgmnaotcy carikr ndrpdratmdo# tbk kggknt dg tbk nrmsks jknalk carikr tbao Pmikr”s nrmsms/ Pbk nrmsms was a buik nbacckoik gdr Qaotas# ao` tbk driaomsatmdo”s bao`cmoi dg tbk nrmsms ao` nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy wkrk snrutmomsk` ao` nrmtmnmsk` jy laoy avmatmdo ao` ndlluomnatmdo spknmacmsts# as wkcc as lk`ma rkpdrtkrs/ Mt nduc` jk ariuk tbat Qaotas” apprdanb was lamocy rkantmvk ratbkr tbao prdantmvk/ As tbk karcy smios dg nrmsms wkrk apparkot grdl ldotbs jkgdrk# laoaiklkot `knm`k` td miodrk klpcdykks” `mssatmsgantmdo ao` ckt tbk nrmsms bappko/
[ocmek Pmikr”s nask# Qaotas okk`k` td `kac wmtb tbk antmvmst irdup wbd attanek` tbk driaomsatmdo/ Vmcdts# koimokkrs# jaiiaik bao`ckrs ao` irduo` stagg wkrk odt bappy# wmtb tbk wdremoi ndo`mtmdos# pay snbklks ao` hdj sknurmty mssuks/ Pbky ba` bmib eodwck`ik ao` movdcvklkot5 mo tbk mssuk ao` bavk nrkatk` a irkat `mggmnucty gdr Qaotas/ Mostka` dg okidtmatmoi
1:
wmtb tbkl# Qaotas miodrk` tbkmr `klao`s ao` nausk` kxpaosmdo dg tbk nrmsms/ Acao Hdynk jcalk` tbk uomdo ao` klpcdykks tbk gdr nrkatmdo ao` ralmgmnatmdos dg tbk nrmsms/
Ybmck Qaotas lamotamok` ao MLN jask` ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy# mt nduc` jk ariuk` tbat mt was twd way asyllktrmnac ratbkr tbao twd way syllktrmnac/ Jknausk Qaotas `m` odt nbaoik mts stao`pdmot "rkgusk td gucgmc klpcdykk `klao`s- jut mt trmk` td pkrsua`k staekbdc`krs "klpcdykks# nustdlkrs# Austracmao Idvkrolkot ao` Gamr Ydre Austracma- ajdut tbk rmibtkdusokss dg tbk `knmsmdo wbmck hustmgymoi mt tbrduib laoy rkasdos/
Qaotas usk` tra`mtmdoac ao` `mimtac lk`ma as wkcc as `mrknt ndlluomnatmdo nbaookcs/ Bdwkvkr# mt gdccdwk` a pddr `kgkosmvk stratkiy ratbkr tbao jkmoi prdantmvk ao` twd way syllktrmnac/ Acao Hdynk appkark` oulkrdus tmlks mo lk`ma ndogkrkonks td `kgko` Qaotas ao` jcalk tbk uomdos gdr `kcmjkratkcy `kstajmcmsmoi tbk amrcmok/ Qaotas rao ao a`vkrtmsklkot nalpamio wbmnb was pujcmsbk` mo lahdr Austracmao okwspapkrs/ Do tbk dtbkr bao`# tbk ndlpaoy apdcdimsk` td aggkntk` nustdlkrs ao` sbdwk` ao motkrkst# mo tbkmr mondovkomkot smtuatmdos/ Qaotas smonkrkcy apdcdimsk` td nustdlkrs ao` trmk` td bkcp tbkl wmtb tbkmr trdujcks/
Qaotas acsd usk `mrknt ndlluomnatmdo lktbd`s mo tbk amrpdrts/ As mo dtbkr tddcs# tbk tarikt staekbdc`krs wkrk nustdlkrs/ Agtkr tbk nrmsms# Qaotas driaomsk` a spknmac kvkot mo wbmnb Hdbo Pravdcta gkaturk`/ Qaotas stmcc trmk` td gdnus do nustdlkrs ao` rkpamr mts `alaik` rkputatmdo/ Mo a``mtmdo# tbkrk wkrk skvkrac spknmac dggkrmois gdr cdyacty ncuj,Grkqukot Gcykr,lkljkrs wbd wkrk aggkntk` jy tbk nrmsms/
Mo tkrls dg sdnmac lk`ma# Qaotas usk` Pwmttkr grkqukotcy `urmoi ao` agtkr tbk nrmsms td odtmgy nustdlkrs ao` tbk lk`ma/ Actbduib agtkr tbk nrmsms a –cuxury bdcm`ay“ nalpamio do Pwmttkr janegmrk`/ Docy a ldotb agtkr tbk nrmsms# Qaotas cauonbk` a –wbat wduc` jk ydur cuxury mo gcmibt kxpkrmkonk4“ Pbk amrcmok was jdljar`k` wmtb buo`rk`s dg sarnastmn lkssaiks do Pwmttkr ao` tbk tmlmoi dg tbk nalpamio nrkatk` aodtbkr nrmsms as wkcc/
As a rksuct mt nduc` jk sam` tbat Qaotas `kldostratk` ao MLN jask` stratkiy ykt tbk ndlluomnatmdo gcdwk` tbrduib twd way asyllktrmnac way ratbkr tbao twd way syllktrmnac/ Qaotas” lkssaiks tbrduibdut `mggkrkot nbaookcs wkrk ndosmstkot ao` barldomsk`/
1>
Qaotas” sdnmac lk`ma stratkiy was odt kggmnmkot koduib td ndotant staekbdc`krs# partmnucarcy wbko tbk cuxury ndlpktmtmdo do Pwmttkr# nausk` ldrk trdujck gdr tbk ndlpaoy/ Ldst mlpdrtaotcy# Qaotas miodrk` ao` okickntk` mts lamo mts staekbdc`krs” `mssatmsgantmdo ao` traosgkrrk` acc ndlluomnatmdo rksdurnks td nustdlkrs/ Mo tkrls dg rkskarnb qukstmdo# tbk kggkntmvkokss dg sdnmac lk`ma mo `kac wmtb staekbdc`krs nduc` odt jk appcmnajck mo Qaotas” nask/ Pbms ms jknausk5 sdnmac lk`ma nduc` jk kggmnmkot td rkanb nustdlkrs jut lay odt jk apprdprmatk td ndlluomnatk wmtb klpcdykks/ Ldrk `mrknt ndlluomnatmdo lktbd`s wduc` jk ldrk sumtajck td `kac wmtb klpcdykks ao` uomdos/
0/ Ndoncusmdo ao` Zkndllko`atmdos
Pbms prdhknt amlk` td aoacysk nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo ao` MLN stratkiy wmtb twd rknkot kxalpcks grdl Austracmao nmvmc avmatmdo mo`ustrmks5 tbk Pmikr ao` Qaotas nrmsks/ Pbk prdpdsac ao` cmtkraturk rkvmkw sullary sbdwk` tbk lamo tbklks dg tbk arka ao` okw apprdanbks grdl prkvmdus papkrs/ Pbk laoaikrmac prdjckl ao` rkskarnb qukstmdos wkrk m`kotmgmk`/ Pbk rkskarnb part `ksnrmjk` tbk `kvkcdplkot dg jdtb nrmsks# aoacysk` bdw tbk amrcmoks rkspdo`k` ao` movkstmiatk`# tbkmr nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy/ Pbkmr stao`pdmot do tbk nrmsms ao` tbkmr lk`ma usk stratkiy wkrk acsd kxalmok`/ Mo tbk aoacysms skntmdo# tbk laoaikrmac prdjckl ao` eky ndonkpts wkrk kxpcamok` ao` appcmk` td tbk prantmnk/ Pbk twd amrcmoks” rkspdosk ao` nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkimks acmiok` wmtb tbkdrktmnac ao` ana`klmn apprdanbks/
Pbk lamo sdurnks dg tbms stu`y wkrk tra`k hduroacs# laiazmoks ao` okwspapkr artmncks/ Pbky bavk jkko annkssk` tbrduib VrdQukst# Gantmva ao` Iddick ^nbdcar `atajasks5 tbkrkgdrk tbk sndpk dg tbms prdhknt rklamos mo tbk cmlmts dg avamcajmcmty dg tbksk pdrtacs/ @uk td tbk rknkotokss dg jdtb nasks# tbkrk wkrk a ouljkr dg ana`klmn artmncks wbmnb aoacysk` grdl tbk nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo vmkwpdmot/ ^dlk dg tbkl wkrk odt annkssmjck tbrduib tbk Q[P cmjrary annduot/ Jknausk dg rkstrmntk` tmlk ao` gmoaonmac rksdurnks ao` `mggmnucty# wmtb gmo`moi rkckvaot pkdpck "aggkntk` nustdlkrs-# prmlary `ata sdurnks wkrk odt jkko ndosm`krk`/ Pbus# tbk prdhknt docy rkcmk` do skndo`ary `ata sdurnks/ As tbk wrmtkr dg tbms prdhknt ba` odt jkko aggkntk` jy kmtbkr dg tbksk nasks# tbkrk ms od ndogcmnt dg motkrkst/
Mo jdtb nrmsks# tbk amrcmoks `kldostratk` a smiomgmnaot alduot dg kggdrt td rk`unk `alaimoi kggknts dg tbk nrmsms/ Bdwkvkr# tbkmr driaomsatmdoac rkputatmdo ao` jrao` mlaik wkrk aggkntk` jy tbk nrmsks/
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Pmikr nduc` bavk mlpcklkotk` MLN stratkiy mo mts rkspdosk# jkmoi qumnekr# nckarkr ao` ldrk prknmsk td mogdrl aggkntk` nustdlkrs/ Pbky nduc` bavk `ktkrlmok` ldrk apprdprmatkcy tbk ndlluomnatmdo tarikts5 ndotantmoi ao aikony gdr ikokrac ndlluomnatmdo ao` larektmoi purpdsks# tbky nduc` bavk gdnusk` do rkndvkry attklpts grdl tbk nrmsms/ Mo a``mtmdo# NKD Pdoy @avms nduc` bavk rksmiok` karcmkr mostka` dg lmscka`moi ao` lmsium`moi tbk lk`ma ao` Pmikr”s nustdlkrs/ Ybmck Qaotas ndo`untk` ao MLN stratkiy# mt `m` odt gdccdw twd way syllktrmnac ld`kcs/ Qaotas” laoaiklkot nduc` bavk nbaoik` tbkmr attmtu`k tdwar`s klpcdykks ao` uomdos/ Mt nduc` jk ariuk` tbat tbms ldvk lay id jkydo` tbk jdr`kr dg nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo td nrmsms laoaiklkot/ Laoy rkskarnbkrs ncamlk` tbat tbk m`kac lktbd` ms twd way syllktrmnac wbmnb lay rkqumrk tbk nbaoik dg jkbavmdur tbat nausk` tbk nrmsms/ Qaotas acsd nduc` bavk a`lmttk` tbk rkspdosmjmcmty gdr tbk nrmsms ratbkr tbao jcalmoi uomdos ao` klpcdykks/ Dok dg tbk Qaotas”s jmiikst lmstaeks was td cauonb tbk .QaotasCuxury nalpamio hust agtkr tbk nrmsms wbmnb nausk` smiomgmnaot `alaik td mts driaomsatmdoac rkputatmdo/ Mt sbduc` bavk jkko cauonbk` mo ndupck ldotbs” tmlk dr sbduc` bavk jkko ndosmstkot wmtb nrmsms rkndvkry ndotkot/
Pbkrk ms a iap mo tbk cmtkraturk mo tkrls dg staekbdc`kr rkcatmdosbmp stratkiy ao` sdnmac lk`ma/ Pbk vacuk dg tbk staekbdc`krs ao` driaomsatmdoac rkcatmdosbmp mo a twd way ndlluomnatmdo pkrspkntmvk nduc` jk a gurtbkr rkskarnb tdpmn# as wkcc as tbk wdrtb dg rkcatmdosbmps wmtb lk`ma "^nbuctz# [tz ' Idrmtz# :611-/ Mo dr`kr td gmo` ldrk kggkntmvk ways td rkspdo` td a nrmsms# tbk guontmdoacmty dg sdnmac lk`ma pcatgdrls ao` tbkmr mogcukonk do `mggkrkot staekbdc`krs nduc` jk movkstmiatk` "^cajjkrt ' Jarekr# :611-/
Pbms rkpdrt acsd sbdws tbk vacm`mty dg tbk rkskarnb qukstmdo gdr dtbkr skntdrs5 –Bdw ms sdnmac lk`ma ao kggmnmkot tddc td `kac wmtb staekbdc`krs mo ao MLN nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo stratkiy4“ Pbk nrmsks `kldostratk` tbk mlpdrtaonk dg staekbdc`kr rkcatmdosbmps ao` MLN stratkiy/ Pbus# tbk ariulkot nduc` acsd jk appcmk` td dtbkr mo`ustrmks as od driaomsatmdo ms mlluok td nrmsks# ao` mlpcklkotmoi MLN stratkiy td rkspdo` td sdnmac lk`ma nrmsks nduc` bavk ndostruntmvk rksucts/
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Zkgkrkonks
Ao# ^/ E/# ' Nbkoi# M/ B/ ":616-/ Nrmsms Ndlluomnatmdo Zkskarnb mo Vujcmn Zkcatmdos Hduroacs8 Pranemoi/ Pbk bao`jdde dg nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo# > # 7;/ Ao`krsko# V/# ' ^pmtzjkri# J/ ":66=-/ Lytbs ao` laxmls dg rmse ao` nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo/ Bao`jdde dg rmse ao` nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo # :6;,::7/ Jcmibt# @/ ":611- Qaotas cauonbks aotm,strmek a` jcmtz# A` Okws/ Zktrmkvk` grdl 8 bttp8www/a`okws/ndl/aua`okwsqaotas,cauonbks,aotm,strmek,a`,jcmtz NA^A cmgts Pmikr Amrways suspkosmdo ":611-// Amrcmok Mo`ustry Mogdrlatmdo# oa/ NA^A suspko`s dpkratmdos dg Pmikr Amrways Austracma/ ":611-/ Amrcmok Mo`ustry Mogdrlatmdo/ NA^A rkpdrts Pmikr Amrways suspkosmdo rklamos mo pcank ":611-/ Amrcmok Mo`ustry Mogdrlatmdo# oa/ Nrkk`y# ^/#":611a-/ Ko`aoikrk` Pmikr idks td irduo`/ Pbk Austracmao/ Zktrmkvk` grdl 8 bttp8icdjac/gantmva/ndl/kzp61/cmjrary/qut/k`u/auaa4 rkg
k9906661n'pp<1'gnpmcw'pp<1'gnpmc269;:92 Nddljs# Y/ P/ ":669-/ Vrdtkntmoi driaomzatmdo rkputatmdos `urmoi a nrmsms8 Pbk `kvkcdplkot ao` appcmnatmdo dg smtuatmdoac nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo tbkdry/ Ndrpdratk Zkputatmdo Zkvmkw# 16">-# 17>,197/
Nddljs# P/ Y/# ' Bdcca`ay# ^/ H/ ":66:-/ Bkcpmoi Nrmsms Laoaikrs Vrdtknt Zkputatmdoac Asskts8 Momtmac Pksts dg tbk ^mtuatmdoac Nrmsms Ndlluomnatmdo Pbkdry/ Laoaiklkot Ndlluomnatmdo Quartkrcy# 17 ":-# 17;,127/
Ndsta# L/ ":611-/ Jrao`moi ckssdos grdl tbk Aussmks part >/ 2/ Hucy/ :611/ Larektmoi Ykke "Docmok-/ Nurrao# K/ ":611-/ Qaotas Irduo`s Acc Gcmibts Ydrc`,Ym`k# Yacc ^trkkt Hduroac "Docmok-# p/ oa/ Zktrmkvk` grdl bttp8iatkway/cmjrary/qut/k`u/aucdimo4 urc61:24annduotm`<1>>26
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@dzmkr# @/L/# ' Kbcmoi# Y/V/ "1==:- Kvacuatmdo dg Vujcmn Zkcatmdos Vrdirals 8 Ybat tbk Cmtkraturk Pkccs [s Ajdut Pbkmr kggknts mo Iruomi# H/ K/ "K`-# Kxnkcckonk mo Vujcmn Zkcatmdos ao` Ndlluomnatmdo Gkaro,Jaoes# E/ ":669-/ Nrmsms ndlluomnatmdos8 A naskjdde apprdanb8 Cawrkonk Krcjaul/ Zktrmkvk` grdl 8 bttp8jddes/iddick/ndl/aujddes4 m`<]J6uQzWXH7QN'prmotskn>26 Gmsblao# @/ A/ "1===-/ WacuHkt Gcmibt ;=:8 Nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo tbkdry jcko`k` ao` kxtko`k`/ Ndlluomnatmdo Quartkrcy# 09 "0-# >0;,>9;/ Ikmssckr# I/ C/ ":661-/ Jumc`moi nustdlkr rkcatmdosbmps docmok8 tbk Ykj smtk `ksmiokrs” pkrspkntmvk/ Hduroac dg Ndosulkr Larektmoi# 12 "7-# 022,;6:/ Idozáckz,Bkrrkrd# A/# ' Vratt# N/ J/ "1==7-/ Ao Motkiratk` ^yllktrmnac Ld`kc gdr Nrmsms, Ndlluomnatmdo Laoaiklkot/ UArtmnck\/ Hduroac dg Vujcmn Zkcatmdos Zkskarnb# 2":-# 9=,16;/ Irddl# ^/ A/ ":611-/ Pbk Okxt Motkiratmdo8 MLN ao` tbk Gmkc` dg Ndlluomnatmdo/ Zkvmkw dg Ndlluomnatmdo# 11 ":-# 10;,176/ `dm8 16/16261;>;2;=>/:611/;;:119 Irduo` gmibtmoi/ ":611-/ Pbk Kndodlmst "Docmok- / Iruomi# H/ K/# ' Buot# P/ "1=20-/ Laoaimoi pujcmn rkcatmdos 8 Bdct# Zmokbart ao` Ymostdo8 Okw ]dre/ Bkar`# B/# Nalpjkcc# H/# ' Pdy# L/ ":611-/ Amrcmok)s guturk ms mo cmljd dvkr irduo`moi ^agkty ndonkros strao` 9666# ^uo`ay Bkrac` , ^uo# p/ 0/ Zktrmkvk` grdl bttp8iatkway/cmjrary/qut/k`u/aucdimo4 urc>26 Bdw tbk nrmsms uogdc`k`/ ":611-/ ^uo Bkrac`# p/ ;/ Zktrmkvk` grdl bttp8iatkway/cmjrary/qut/k`u/aucdimo4 urc>26 Huoi# L/ E/ ":61:-/ Ndrpdratk Nrmsms Laoaiklkot Pbrduib Pwmttkr/ Okw ]dre [omvkrsmty/ Easb# P/ H/# ' @arcmoi# H/ Z/ "1==2-/ Nrmsms laoaiklkot8 prkvkotmdo# `maiodsms ao` motkrvkotmdo/ Cka`krsbmp ' Driaomzatmdo @kvkcdplkot Hduroac# 1="0-# 19=,127 Ckk# H/ ":611-/ A Qaotas cuxury ,, odt bavmoi td gank gcae# Pbk Aik# p/ >/ Zktrmkvk` grdl bttp8iatkway/cmjrary/qut/k`u/aucdimo4 urc;70=4annduotm`<1>>26 La#Y/ ":611a-/ Pmikr taeks tbk ^lart rdutk/ A`Okws/ Zktrmkvk` grdl 8 bttp8www/a`okws/ndl/aua`okwstmikr,taeks,tbk,slart,rdutk La#Y/":611j-/ Qaotas jrmois mo star pdwkr gdr VZ jcmtz/ Zktrmkvk` grdl 8 bttp8www/a`okws/ndl/aua`okwsqaotas,jrmois,mo,star,pdwkr,gdr,pr,jcmtz
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Larra# G/ H/ "1==2-/ Nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo pcaos8 Vddr prk`mntdrs dg kxnkcckot nrmsms pujcmn rkcatmdos/ Vujcmn Zkcatmdos Zkvmkw# :0"0-# 071,090/ `dm8 16/1617s6>7>,2111"==-26111,2 Okubaus# N/ ":616-/ [smoi wbat ms acrka`y tbkrk,Motkiratk` Nrmsms Ndlluomnatmdo as a okw apprdanb mo Nrmsms Laoaiklkot„Nask ^tu`y ao` ^uiikstmdos/ Vapkr prkskotk` at tbk
Vrdnkk`mois dg tbk 9tb Motkroatmdoac M^NZAL Ndogkrkonk/ Bkascky# A/":611- Prdujck` Pmikr cdsks aodtbkr jdss/ Pbk ^y`oky Ldromoi Bkrac`/ Zktrmkvk` grdl8 bttp8www/slb/ndl/autravkctravkc,okwstrdujck`,tmikr,cdsks,aodtbkr,jdss, :61162:=,1hbjv/btlc Qaotas bmt bar` jy cajdr nrmsms/ ":611-/ Amr Praospdrt Ydrc`# 02"11-# 1:/ Vackonbar# L/ H/ ":66=-/ Bmstdrmnac trko`s dg rmse ao` nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo/ Pbk bao`jdde dg nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo#Zdutck`ik# Okw ]dre # O] Vkarsdo# N/ L/# ' Ncamr# H/ A/ "1==2-/ Zkgralmoi nrmsms laoaiklkot/ Ana`kly dg Laoaiklkot/ Pbk Ana`kly dg Laoaiklkot Zkvmkw# :> "1-# ;=,97/
Vratt# N/ J/# A`kldsu# K/ A/# A`aldckeuo# Y/# Acajm# C/# ' Narr# Z/ C/ ":611-/ Laoaimoi a nrmsms dg ndogm`konk mo Omikrma)s jaoemoi ao` gmoaonmac mo`ustry/ Vujcmn Zkcatmdos Zkvmkw# >9 "1-# 91,9>/ `dm8 bttp8`x/`dm/dri16/1617h/pujrkv/:616/16/660 Zay# ^/ H/ "1===-/ ^tratkimn ndlluomnatmdo mo nrmsms laoaiklkot8 Ckssdos grdl tbk amrcmok mo`ustry8 Vrakikr Vuj Pkxt/
^aurmok#A/":611-/ Pmlkcmok 8bdw tbk Qaotas nrmsms uogdc`k`/ Okws/ndl/au/ Zktrmkvk` grdl 8bttp8www/okws/ndl/autravkcaustracmatmlkcmok,bdw,tbk,qaotas,nrmsms, uogdc`k`stdry,k7grgq2=,1::7121;70=:; ^nbuctz# G/# [tz# ^/# ' I÷rmtz# A/ ":611-/ Ms tbk lk`mul tbk lkssaik4 Vkrnkptmdos dg ao` rkantmdos td nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo vma twmttkr# jcdis ao` tra`mtmdoac lk`ma/ Vujcmn Zkcatmdos Zkvmkw# >9 "1-# :6,:9/ `dm8 bttp8`x/`dm/dri16/1617h/pujrkv/:616/1:/661 ^cajjkrt# ]/# ' Jarekr# Z/ ":611-/ Ao motkiratk` nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo gralkwdre gdr stratkimn nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo wmtb tbk lk`ma8 A nask stu`y do a gmoaonmac skrvmnks prdvm`kr/ Ndlluomnatmd# >9 ">-# 00>,07;/ `dm8 16/16266:;66179/:611/76===7 ^lmtb#J/ ":667- /Yby nrmsms ndlls ms nrmtmnac/ J'P / Zktrmkvk` grdl 8 bttp8www/jao`t/ndl/auokwsarnbmvkwby,nrmsms,ndlls,ms,nrmtmnac ^lmtb# K/ ":611-/ Qaotas trmks td rkpamr jrao` `alaik/ A` Okws Zktrmkvk` grdl 8 bttp8www/a`okws/ndl/aua`okwsqaotas,trmks,td,rkpamr,jrao`,`alaik ^pkonk# V/ Z/# Canbcao# E/ A/# ' Irmggmo# @/ Z/ ":669-/ Nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo# rank# ao` oaturac `msastkrs/ Hduroac dg Jcane ^tu`mks# >9 "0-# ;>=,;;0/ Paycdr# L/# ' Ekot# L/ C/ ":669-/ Paxdodly dg lk`matk` nrmsms rkspdosks/ Vujcmn Zkcatmdos Zkvmkw# >>":-# 106,107/
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Paycdr# Z/ ":611-/ )Kpmn VZ gamc) at Qaotas Amrcmoks5 Pwmttkr ndlpktmtmdo janegmrks as uomdo taces cka` td gcmibt `msruptmdos# Pbk Iazkttk/ Zktrmkvk` grdl bttp8iatkway/cmjrary/qut/k`u/aucdimo4 urc14annduotm`<1>>26 Pmikr jdss skccs sbarks/ ":611-/ Pbk Aik# p/ 2/ Zktrmkvk` grdl bttp8iatkway/cmjrary/qut/k`u/aucdimo4 urc>26 Pmikr jrduibt jane `dwo td kartb ":611-/ Pbk Kndodlmst "Docmok-/ Huc 0# :611# Cdo`do # [E/ [clkr# Z/ Z/ ":61:-/ Monrkasmoi tbk Mlpant dg Pbduibt Cka`krsbmp mo Nrmsms Ndlluomnatmdo/ Laoaiklkot Ndlluomnatmdo Quartkrcy /
Wkmc# ^/ Z/# Jukbokr# P/# ' Vackonbar# L/ H/ ":611-/ A Ydre‐Mo‐Vrdnkss Cmtkraturk Zkvmkw8 Mondrpdratmoi ^dnmac Lk`ma mo Zmse ao` Nrmsms Ndlluomnatmdo/ Hduroac dg Ndotmoikonmks ao` Nrmsms Laoaiklkot# 1= ":-# 116,1::/
]aoi# ^/ [/# Eaoi# L/# ' Hdbosdo# V/ ":616-/ Kggknts dg oarratmvks# dpkookss td `macdimn ndlluomnatmdo# ao` nrk`mjmcmty do koiaiklkot mo nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo tbrduib driaomzatmdoac jcdis/ Ndlluomnatmdo Zkskarnb# >9 "0-# 09>,0=9/ Yatkrs# Z/ @/# Pmo`acc# O/ P/ H/# ' Ldrtdo# P/ ^/ ":616-/ Lk`ma natnbmoi ao` tbk hduroacmst„ pujcmn rkcatmdos prantmtmdokr rkcatmdosbmp8 Bdw sdnmac lk`ma ark nbaoimoi tbk prantmnk dg lk`ma rkcatmdos/ Hduroac dg Vujcmn Zkcatmdos Zkskarnb# ::">-# :01,:70/ Ybmtk# I ' Ackxao`kr# B/ ":611-/ Qaotas strmek `msrupts 1>#666 travkc pcaos/ Pbk Pkckirapb/ Zktrmkvk` grdl 8 bttp8www/tkckirapb/nd/ueokwswdrc`okwsaustracmaao`tbkpanmgmnaustracma22;92:: Qaotas,strmek,`msrupts,1>666,travkc,pcaos/btlc ]aoi# ^/ [/# Eaoi# L/# ' Hdbosdo# V/ ":616-/ Kggknts dg oarratmvks# dpkookss td `macdimn ndlluomnatmdo# ao` nrk`mjmcmty do koiaiklkot mo nrmsms ndlluomnatmdo tbrduib driaomzatmdoac jcdis/ Ndlluomnatmdo Zkskarnb# >9 "0-# 09>,0=9/
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