MOCK BOARD EXAMINATION EXAMINATION CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE
INSTRUCTION: INSTRUCTION: Select the the correct correct answer answer or each each o the ollow!n" #$est!ons% #$est!ons% &r!te the letter o 'o$r cho!ce on the answer sheet (ro)!*e*% +%
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Ba*o Ba*on", n", w!th w!th e)!*e e)!*ent nt (re-e (re-e*!t *!tat! at!on on an* an* trea treach cher' er' .!lle .!lle* * h!s h!s athe ather% r% &hat &hat was was the the cr!-e co--!tte*/ a% M$r*er 0% Parr rr!c !c!* !*e e c% 1o-!c!*e *% 2$al 2$al! !!e !e* * 1o-!c 1o-!c!* !*e e PO4 PO4 Ba"s Ba"s!. !. ente entere re* * the *wel *well! l!n" n" o To Toto' a"a a"a!n !nst st the the latte latter5s r5s w!l w!lll on s$s(! s$s(!c! c!on on that that Toto' .ee( .ee( $nl!c $nl!cens ense* e* !rear !rear-s -s !n h!s h!s ho-e% ho-e% &hat &hat was was the cr!-e cr!-e co--!tte* 0' PO4 Ba"s!./ a% Tres( res(as ass s to to Dw Dwell! ell!n" n" 0% 6!o !ola lat! t!on on o Do Do-! -!c! c!le le c% Us$r Us$r(a (at! t!on on O O A$t A$tho hor! r!t' t' *% 7orc 7orc!0 !0le le Tre Tres( s(as ass! s!n" n" Ber$n r$n" an* an* Bet Betan" an" ha* ha* 0ee 0een -arr -arr!e !e* * or or -or -ore tha than s!8 s!8 -on -onths% hs% The' he' l!) l!)e to"ether w!th w!th the ch!l*ren o Betan" Betan" ro- her !rst h$s0an*% h$s0an*% Ber$n" ha* se8$al se8$al relat!onsh!( relat!onsh!( w!th Bea, the +9 'ear ol* *a$"hter *a$"hter o Betan"% Betan"% Bea lo)e Ber$n" )er' -$ch% &hat was was the cr!-e co--!tte* 0' Ber$n", ! an'/ a% S!-( S!-(le le Se*$ Se*$ct ct!o !on n 0% 2$ 2$al al!! !!e* e* Se Se*$c *$ct! t!on on c% Cons Consent ente* e* A0*$ct 0*$ct!o !on n *% Ra(e Pro% o% J$a J$an "a) "a)e a a!l! a!l!n n" "ra*e ra*e to one o h!s st$* t$*ents nts, S!8t !8to% &he &hen the two two -et the ollow!n" *a', S!8to sla((e* Pro% J$an on the ace% &hat was the cr!-e co--!tte* 0' S!8to/ a% Corr$(t Corr$(t!on !on o P$0l!c P$0l!c O!c!a O!c!als ls 0% D!re D!rect ct Assa$ ssa$lt lt c% Sl! Sl!"h "htt Ph' Ph's!c s!cal al In In$r $r!es !es *% ;ra) ;ra)e e Coer Coerc! c!on on A warra warrant nt o arrest arrest was was !ss$ !ss$e* e* a"a!n a"a!nst st Pe.to Pe.to or the the .!ll .!ll!n" !n" o h!s (aren (arents% ts% &hen &hen PO3 Ta(an" a(an" tr!e* to arrest h!-, Pe.to "a)e h!- + -!ll!on Pesos Pesos to set h!- ree% PO3 Ta Ta(an" (an" rera!ne rera!ne* * !n arrest!n" arrest!n" Pe.to% Pe.to% &hat was the cr!-e co--!tte* co--!tte* 0' PO3 Ta(an"/ a% In*!rect Br!0er' 0% D!rect Br!0er' c% Corr$(t!on o P$0l!c O!c!als *% 2$al!!e* Br!0er'
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E8e-(t!on to the hearsa' r$le -a*e $n*er the consc!o$sness o an !-(en*!n" *eath% a% (arol e)!*ence 0% ante -orte- state-ent c% s$!c!*e note *% *ea* -an stat$te The -ean!n" o act$- (ro0ans% a% (re(on*erance o e)!*ence 0% $lt!-ate act c% e)!*ent!ar' act *% s$!c!enc' o e)!*ence It reers to a-!l' h!stor' or *escent trans-!tte* ro- one "enerat!on to another% a% !nher!tance 0% her!ta"e c% (e*!"ree *% c$lt$re The a$thor!t' o the co$rt to ta.e co"n!sance o the case !n the !rst !nstance% a% A((ellate J$r!s*!ct!on 0% ;eneral J$r!s*!ct!on c% Or!"!nal J$r!s*!ct!on *% E8cl$s!)e J$r!s*!ct!on A (erson *es!"nate* 0' the co$rt to ass!st *est!t$te l!t!"ants% a% Co$nsel *e o!c!o 0% Attorne' on recor* c% Attorne' at law *% S(ec!al co$nsel &h!ch o the ollow!n" !s not co)ere* 0' the R$les on S$--ar' Proce*$re/ a% 6!olat!on o rental laws 0% 6!olat!on o tra!c laws c% The (enalt' !s -ore than s!8 -onths o !-(r!son-ent *% The (enalt' *oes not e8cee* = -onths !-(r!son-ent It reers to a terr!tor!al $n!t where the (ower o the co$rt !s to 0e e8erc!se*% a% $r!s*!ct!on 0% $r!s(r$*ence c% )en$e *% 0ench The Ant!Bo$nc!n" Chec. Law% a% RA =93< 0% RA ?4<4 c% BP 33 *% RA =@>< The ta.!n" o another (erson5s (ersonal (ro(ert', w!th !ntent to "a!n, 0' -eans o orce an* !nt!-!*at!on% a% #$al!!e* thet 0% ro00er' c% thet *% -al!c!o$s -!sch!e 7elon' co--!tte* when a (erson co-(els another 0' -eans o orce, )!olence or !nt!-!*at!on to *o so-eth!n" a"a!nst h!s w!ll, whether r!"ht or wron"% a% "ra)e threat 0% "ra)e coerc!on c% *!rect assa$lt *% slan*er 0' *ee*
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Persons ha)!n" no a((arent -eans o s$0s!stence 0$t has the (h's!cal a0!l!t' to wor. an* ne"lects to a((l' h!-sel or hersel to law$l call!n"% a% (!-(s 0% (rost!t$tes c% "an" -e-0ers *% )a"rants A -e*le' o *!scor*ant )o!ces, a -oc. serena*e o *!scor*ant no!ses *es!"ne* to anno' an* !ns$lt% a% t$-$lt$o$s 0% char!)ar! c% se*!t!on *% scan*al The $na$thor!e* act o a ($0l!c o!cer who co-(els another (erson to chan"e h!s res!*ence% a% )!olat!on o *o-!c!le 0% ar0!trar' *etent!on c% e8($ls!on *% *!rect assa$lt The *e(r!)at!on o a (r!)ate (erson o the l!0ert' o another (erson w!tho$t le"al "ro$n*s% a% !lle"al *etent!on 0% ar0!trar' *etent!on c% orc!0le a0*$ct!on *% orc!0le *etent!on An oense co--!tte* 0' a -arr!e* wo-an thro$"h carnal .nowle*"e w!th a -an not her h$s0an* who .nows her to 0e -arr!e*, altho$"h the -arr!a"e 0e later *eclare* )o!*% a% conc$0!na"e 0% 0!"a-' c% a*$lter' *% !--oral!t' A"e o a0sol$te !rres(ons!0!l!t' !n the co--!ss!on o a cr!-e% a% +<+? 'ears ol* 0% +?> 'ears ol* c% @ 'ears ol* an* 0elow *% 0etween @ +< 'ears ol* Those who, not 0e!n" (r!nc!(als coo(erate !n the e8ec$t!on o the oense 0' (re)!o$s or s!-$ltaneo$s acts% a% acco-(l!ces 0% s$s(ects c% (r!nc!(al actors *% accessor!es The loss or ore!t$re o the r!"ht o the "o)ern-ent to e8ec$te the !nal sentence ater the la(se o a certa!n t!-e !8e* 0' law% a% (rescr!(t!on o cr!-e 0% (rescr!(t!on o (rosec$t!on c% (rescr!(t!on o $*"e-ent *% (rescr!(t!on o (enalt' A .!n* o e8ec$t!)e cle-enc' where0' the e8ec$t!on o (enalt' !s s$s(en*e*% a% (ar*on 0% co--$tat!on c% a-nest' *% re(r!e)e Inract!ons o -ere r$les o con)en!ence *es!"ne* to sec$re a -ore or*erl' re"$lat!on o the aa!rs o the soc!et'% a% -ala (roh!0!ta 0% -ala !n se c% (r!)ate cr!-es *% ($0l!c cr!-es 7elon' co--!tte* 0' a ($0l!c o!cer who a"rees to co--!t an act !n cons!*erat!on o a "!t an* th!s act !s connecte* w!th the *!schar"e o h!s ($0l!c *$t!es% a% #$al!!e* 0r!0er' 0% *!rect 0r!0er' c% estaa *% !n*!rect 0r!0er'
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The w!l$l an* corr$(t assert!on o alsehoo* $n*er oath o a!r-at!on, a*-!n!stere* 0' a$thor!t' o law on a -ater!al -atter% a% l!0el 0% als!!cat!on c% (er$r' *% slan*er Del!0erate (lann!n" o act 0eore e8ec$t!on% a% treacher' 0% e)!*ent (re-e*!tat!on c% !"no-!n' *% cr$elt' &hene)er -ore than 4 ar-e* -aleactors shall ha)e acte* to"ether !n the co--!ss!on o a cr!-e% a% "an" 0% cons(!rac' c% 0an* *% (!rac' The a!l$re to (eror- a (os!t!)e *$t' wh!ch one !s 0o$n* to% a% ne"l!"ence 0% !-(r$*ence c% o-!ss!on *% act &a's an* -eans are e-(lo'e* or the ($r(ose o tra((!n" an* ca(t$r!n" the law 0rea.er !n the e8ec$t!on o h!s cr!-!nal (lan% a% -!seasance 0% entra(-ent c% !n*$ce-ent *% !nst!"at!on Those where the act co--!tte* !s a cr!-e 0$t or reasons o ($0l!c (ol!c' an* sent!-ent there !s no (enalt' !-(ose*% a% !-(oss!0le cr!-es 0% a""ra)at!n" c!rc$-stances c% a0sol$tor' ca$ses *% co-(le8 cr!-es An alternat!)e c!rc$-stance% a% !nsan!t' 0% !nto8!cat!on c% (ass!on or o0$scat!on *% e)!*ent (re-e*!tat!on I the acc$se* re$se to (lea*, or -a.e con*!t!onal (lea o "$!lt', what shall 0e entere* or h!-/ a% a (lea o not "$!lt' 0% a (lea o "$!lt' c% a (lea o -erc' *%(lea o s$rren*er At what t!-e -a' the acc$se* -o)e to #$ash the co-(la!nt or !nor-at!on/ a% at an' t!-e 0eore h!s arrest 0% onl' ater enter!n" h!s (lea C% an' t!-e 0eore enter!n" h!s (lea *% Mon*a' -orn!n" The (rocess where0' the acc$se* an* the (rosec$tor !n a cr!-!nal case wor. o$t a -$t$all' sat!sactor' *!s(os!t!on on the case s$0ect to co$rt a((ro)al% a% arra!"n-ent 0% (lea 0ar"a!n!n" c% (rel!-!nar' !n)est!"at!on *% tr!al The sec$r!t' "!)en or the release o a (erson !n c$sto*', $rn!she* 0' h!- or a 0on*s-an, con*!t!one* $(on h!s a((earance 0eore an' co$rt as re#$!re* $n*er the con*!t!ons s(ec!!e* 0' law% a% s$0(oena 0% reco"n!ance c% 0a!l *% warrant
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The e8a-!nat!on 0eore a co-(etent tr!0$nal, accor*!n" to the laws o the lan*, o the acts !n !ss$e !n a case, or the ($r(ose o *eter-!n!n" s$ch !ss$e% a% tr!al 0% arra!"n-ent 0% (retr!al *% $*"-ent The a*$*!cat!on 0' the co$rt that the acc$se* !s "$!lt' or !s not "$!lt' o the oense char"e*, an* the !-(os!t!on o the (ro(er (enalt' an* c!)!l l!a0!l!t' (ro)!*e* or 0' law on the acc$se*% a% tr!al 0% (retr!al c% arra!"n-ent *% $*"-ent It !s an !n#$!r' or (rocee*!n" or the ($r(ose o *eter-!n!n" whether there !s s$!c!ent "ro$n* to en"en*er a well o$n*e* 0el!e that an oense has 0een co--!tte* an* the oen*er !s (ro0a0l' "$!lt' thereo an* sho$l* 0e hel* or tr!al% a% (retr!al 0% arra!"n-ent c% (rel!-!nar' !n)est!"at!on *% (lea 0ar"a!n!n" It !s e)!*ence o the sa-e .!n* an* to the sa-e state o acts% a% secon*ar' e)!*ence 0% (r!-a ac!e e)!*ence c% corro0orat!)e e)!*ence *% 0est e)!*ence It !s that wh!ch, stan*!n" alone, $ne8(la!ne* or $ncontra*!cte* !s s$!c!ent to -a!nta!n the (ro(os!t!on a!r-e*% a% secon*ar' e)!*ence 0% (r!-a ac!e e)!*ence c% corro0orat!)e e)!*ence *% 0est e)!*ence A or- o e)!*ence s$((l!e* 0' wr!tten !nstr$-ents or *er!)e* ro- con)ent!onal s'-0ols, s$ch as letters, 0' wh!ch !*eas are re(resente* on -ater!al s$0stances% a% *oc$-entar' e)!*ence 0%test!-on!al e)!*ence c% -ater!al e)!*ence *% real e)!*ence &hen the w!tness states that he *!* not see or .now the occ$rrence o a act% a% (os!t!)e e)!*ence 0%corro0orat!)e e)!*ence c% secon*ar' e)!*ence *% ne"at!)e e)!*ence Personal (ro(ert' that can 0e s$0ects or search an* se!$re% a% $se* or !nten*e* to 0e $se* as -eans !n co--!tt!n" an oense 0% stolen or e-0ele* an* other (rocee*s or r$!ts o the oense c% s$0ect o the oense *% all o the a0o)e All (ersons who can (erce!)e an* (erce!)!n", can -a.e .nown the!r (erce(t!on to others% a% s$s(ects 0% w!tnesses c% )!ct!-s *% !nor-ers The $nlaw$l *estr$ct!on, or the 0r!n"!n" orth (re-at$rel', o h$-an et$s 0eore the nat$ral t!-e o 0!rth wh!ch res$lts !n *eath% a% a0ort!on 0% !nant!c!*e c% -$r*er *% (arr!c!*e
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7elon' co--!tte* when a (erson !s .!lle* or wo$n*e* *$r!n" the con$s!on atten*ant to a #$arrel a-on" se)eral (ersons not or"an!e* !nto "ro$(s an* the (art!es res(ons!0le cannot 0e ascerta!ne*% a% alar- an* scan*al 0% -'ster!o$s ho-!c!*e c% *eath $n*er e8ce(t!onal c!rc$-stances *% t$-$lt$o$s ara' A #$est!on wh!ch ar!ses !n a case the resol$t!on o wh!ch !s the lo"!cal antece*ent o the !ss$e !n)ol)e* !n sa!* case an* the co"n!sance o wh!ch (erta!ns to another rtr!0$nal% a% le"al #$est!on 0% $r!*!cal #$est!on c% (re$*!c!al #$est!on *% $*!c!al #$est!on The oen*er has 0een (re)!o$sl' ($n!she* or an oense to wh!ch the law attaches an e#$al or "reater (enalt' or two or -ore cr!-es to wh!ch !t attaches a l!"hter (enalt'% a% re!terac!on 0% rec!*!)!s0% #$as!rec!*!)!s*% ha0!t$al *el!n#$enc' An act or o-!ss!on wh!ch !s a res$lt o a -!sa((rehens!on o acts that !s )ol$ntar' 0$t not !ntent!onal% a% !-(oss!0le cr!-e 0% -!sta.e o acts c% acc!*ental cr!-e *% co-(le8 cr!-e Inant!c!*e !s co--!tte* 0' .!ll!n" a ch!l* not -ore than% a% 4= ho$rs 0% 39 ho$rs c% 9? ho$rs *% >3 ho$rs I"norance o the law e8c$ses no one ro- co-(l!ance therew!th% a% !"norant!a le"!s non e8c$sat 0% (arens (atr!ae c% res !(sa lo#$!t$r *% *$ra le8 se* le8 An act wh!ch wo$l* 0e an oense a"a!nst (ersons or (ro(ert' were ! not or the !nherent !-(oss!0!l!t' o !ts acco-(l!sh-ent% a% co-(o$n* cr!-e 0% !-(oss!0le cr!-e c% co-(le8 cr!-e *% acc!*ental cr!-e The law wh!ch re!-(ose* the *eath (enalt'% a% RA <93< 0% RA ?<<4 c% RA >=<@ *% RA ?<<+ One who !s *e(r!)e* co-(letel' o reason or *!scern-ent an* ree*o- o the w!ll at the t!-e o the co--!ss!on o the cr!-e% a% *!scern-ent 0% !nsan!t' c% e(!le(s' *% !-0ec!l!t' The #$al!t' 0' wh!ch an act -a' 0e s$0scr!0e* to a (erson as !ts owner or a$thor% a% res(ons!0!l!t' 0% *$t' c% "$!lt *% !-($ta0!l!t'
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So-eth!n" that ha((en o$ts!*e the swa' o o$r w!ll, an* altho$"h !t co-es a0o$t thro$"h so-e acts o o$r w!ll, l!es 0e'on* the 0o$n*s o h$-anl' oreseea0le conse#$ences% a% ort$!to$s e)ent 0% ate c% acc!*ent *% *est!n' A sworn wr!tten state-ent char"!n" a (erson w!th an oense, s$0scr!0e* 0' the oen*e* (art' , an' (eace o!cer or other ($0l!c o!cer char"e* w!th the enorce-ent o the law )!olate*% a% s$0(oena 0% !nor-at!on c% co-(la!nt *% wr!t Th!s r!"ht o the acc$se* !s o$n*e* on the (r!nc!(le o $st!ce an* !s !nten*e* not to (rotect the "$!lt' 0$t to (re)ent as ar as h$-an a"enc!es can, the con)!ct!on o an !nnocent (erson% a% r!"ht to *$e (rocess o law 0% (res$-(t!on o !nnocence c% r!"ht to re-a!n s!lent *% r!"ht a"a!nst sel!ncr!-!nat!on Known !n other co$ntr!es as the 0o*' o (r!nc!(les, (ract!ces, $sa"es an* r$les o act!on wh!ch are not reco"n!e* !n o$r co$ntr'% a% (enal laws 0% s(ec!al laws c% co--on laws *% stat$tor' laws C!rc$-stances where!n there !s an a0sence !n the a"ent o the cr!-e an' o all the con*!t!ons that wo$l* -a.e an act )ol$ntar' an* hence, tho$"h there !s no cr!-!nal l!a0!l!t' there !s c!)!l l!a0!l!t'% a% e8e-(t!n" 0% alternat!)e c% $st!'!n" *% a""ra)at!n" C!rc$-stances where!n the acts o the (erson are !n accor*ance w!th the law, an* hence, he !nc$rs no cr!-!nal an* c!)!l l!a0!l!t'% a% e8e-(t!n" 0% alternat!)e c% $st!'!n" *% a""ra)at!n" &hen the oen*er eno's an* *el!"hts !n -a.!n" h!s )!ct!- s$er slowl' an* "ra*$all', ca$s!n" h!- $nnecessar' (h's!cal (a!n !n the cons$--at!on o the cr!-!nal act% a% !"no-!n' 0% cr$elt' c% treacher' *% -asoch!sOne, who at the t!-e o h!s tr!al or one cr!-e shall ha)e 0een (re)!o$sl' con)!cte* 0' !nal $*"-ent o another cr!-e e-0race* !n the sa-e t!tle o the Re)!se* Penal Co*e% a% rec!*!)!s0% ha0!t$al *el!n#$enc' c% re!terac!on *% #$as!rec!*!)!sAle)os!a -eans a% crat 0% treacher' c% e)!*ent (re-e*!tat!on *% cr$elt'
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The law hears 0eore !t con*e-ns, (rocee*s $(on !n#$!r' an* ren*er $*"-ent ater a a!r tr!al% a% e8 (ost acto law 0% e#$al (rotect!on o the law c% r$le o law *% *$e (rocess o law A (erson ! w!th!n a (er!o* o + 'ears ro- the *ate o h!s release or last con)!ct!on o the cr!-e o ser!o$s or less ser!o$s (h's!cal !n$r!es, ro00er', thet, estaa or als!!cat!on, he !s o$n* "$!lt' o an' o the sa!* cr!-es a th!r* t!-e or otener% a% rec!*!)!st 0% #$as!rec!*!)!st c% ha0!t$al *el!n#$ent *% har*ene* cr!-!nal A .!n* o e)!*ence wh!ch cannot 0e re0$tte* or o)erco-e% a% Pr!-ar' 0% Best c% Secon*ar' *% Concl$s!)e A .!n* o e)!*ence wh!ch cannot 0e re0$tte* or o)erco-e% a% Pr!-ar' 0% Best c% Secon*ar' *% Concl$s!)e These #$est!ons s$""est to the w!tness the answers to wh!ch an e8a-!n!n" (art' re#$!res% a% lea*!n" 0% -!slea*!n" c% st$(!* *% hearsa' A -etho* !8e* 0' law or the a((rehens!on an* (rosec$t!on o (ersons alle"e* to ha)e co--!tte* a cr!-e, an* or the!r ($n!sh-ent !n case o con)!ct!on% a% Cr!-!nal Law 0% Cr!-!nal E)!*ence c% Cr!-!nal Proce*$re *% Cr!-!nal J$r!s(r$*ence The (er!o* o (rescr!(t!on o cr!-es ($n!sha0le 0' *eath% a% 3 'ears 0% +< 'ears c% + 'ears *% 9 'ears Persons who ta.e *!rect (art !n the e8ec$t!on o a cr!-e% a% acco-(l!ces 0% accessor!es c% !nst!"ators *% (r!nc!(als A cr!-e a"a!nst honor wh!ch !s co--!tte* 0' (eror-!n" an' act wh!ch casts *!shonor, *!scre*!t, or conte-(t $(on another (erson% a% l!0el 0% slan*er 0' *ee* c% !ncr!-!nat!n" !nnocent (erson *% !ntr!"$!n" a"a!nst honor The !-(ro(er (eror-ance o so-e act wh!ch -!"ht law$ll' 0e *one% a% -!seasance 0% -aleasance c% noneasance *% *erel!ct!on A sworn state-ent !n wr!t!n", -a*e $(on oath 0eore an a$thor!e* -a"!strate or o!cer% a% s$0(oena 0% wr!t c% warrant *% a!*a)!t
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An' other na-e wh!ch a (erson ($0l!cl' a((l!es to h!-sel w!tho$t a$thor!t' o law% a% al!as 0% co--on na-e c% !ct!t!o$s na-e *% screen na-e A s(ec!al a""ra)at!n" c!rc$-stance where a (erson, ater ha)!n" 0een con)!cte* 0' !nal $*"-ent, shall co--!t a new elon' 0eore 0e"!nn!n" to ser)e s$ch sentence, or wh!le ser)!n" the sa-e% a% #$as!rec!*!)!s0% rec!*!)!sc% re!terac!on *% char!)ar! &h!ch o the ollow!n" !s not a (erson !n a$thor!t'% a% M$n!c!(al -a'or 0% Pr!)ate School Teacher c% Pol!ce O!cer *% M$n!c!(al Co$nc!lor In !ts "eneral sense, !t !s the ra!s!n" o co--ot!ons or *!st$r0ances !n the State% a% Se*!t!on 0% Re0ell!on c% Treason *% Co$( *5 etat The len"th o )al!*!t' o a search warrant ro- !ts *ate% a% 4 *a's 0% +< *a's c% + *a's *% = *a's The *etent!on o a (erson w!tho$t le"al "ro$n*s 0' a ($0l!c o!cer or e-(lo'ee% a% !lle"al *etent!on 0% ar0!trar' *etent!on c% co-($lsor' *etent!on *% $na$thor!e* *etent!on A 0reach o alle"!ance to a "o)ern-ent, co--!tte* 0' a (erson who owes alle"!ance to !t% a% treason 0% es(!ona"e c% re0ell!on *% co$( *5 etat A 0$!l*!n" or str$ct$re, e8cl$s!)el' $se* or rest an* co-ort% a% sanct$ar' 0% (r!son c% a!l *% *well!n" The -ental ca(ac!t' to $n*erstan* the *!erence 0etween r!"ht an* wron"% a% treacher' 0% (re-e*!tat!on c% rec!*!)!s*% *!scern-ent Cons(!rac' to co--!t th!s elon' !s ($n!sha0le $n*er the law% a% Estaa 0% M$r*er c% Re0ell!on *% Ra(e It -eans that the res$lt!n" !n$r' !s "reater than that wh!ch !s !nten*e*% a% A0errat!o !ct$s 0% Error !n (ersonae c% D$ra Le8 Se* le8 *% Praeter Intent!oneIt -eans -!sta.e !n the 0low% a% A0errat!o Ict$s 0% Error !n Personae c% D$ra le8 se* le8 *% Praeter Intent!oneA sta"e o e8ec$t!on when all the ele-ents necessar' or !ts e8ec$t!on an* acco-(l!sh-ent are (resent% a% Atte-(te* 0% 7r$strate* c% Cons$--ate* *% Acco-(l!she*
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An act or o-!ss!on wh!ch !s the res$lt o a -!sa((rehens!on o acts that !s )ol$ntar' 0$t not !ntent!onal% a% A0sol$tor' Ca$se 0% M!sta.e o acts c% Cons(!rac' *% 7elon' Cr!-es that ha)e three sta"es o e8ec$t!on% a% Mater!al 0% 7or-al c% Seasonal *% Cont!n$!n" 7elon!es where the acts or o-!ss!ons o the oen*er are -al!c!o$s% a% C$l(a0le 0% Intent!onal c% Del!0erate *% Inc$l(a0le It !n*!cates *e!c!enc' o (erce(t!on% a% Ne"l!"ence 0% D!l!"ence c% I-(r$*ence *% Inerence Acts an* o-!ss!ons ($n!sha0le 0' s(ec!al (enal laws% a% Oenses 0% M!s*e-eano$rs c% 7elon!es *% Or*!nances A character o Cr!-!nal Law, -a.!n" !t 0!n*!n" $(on all (ersons who l!)e or soo$rn !n the Ph!l!((!nes% a% ;eneral 0% Terr!tor!al c% Pros(ect!)e *% Retroact!)e
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A le"!slat!)e act wh!ch !nl!cts ($n!sh-ent w!tho$t $*!c!al tr!al% a% B!ll o Atta!n*er 0% B!ll o R!"hts c% E8 Post 7acto Law *% Penal Law @?% The ta.!n" o a (erson !nto c$sto*' !n or*er that he -a' 0o$n* to answer or the co--!ss!on o an oense% a% Search 0% Se!$re c% Arrest *% Detent!on @@% Pe*ro stole the cow o J$an% &hat was the cr!-e co--!tte*/ a% Ro00er' 0% 7ar- Thet c% 2$al!!e* Thet *% S!-(le Thet +% Pe*ro, a +@ 'ear ol* -an ha* se8$al !nterco$rse w!th her ++ 'ear ol* "!rlr!en* w!tho$t threat, orce or !nt!-!*at!on% &hat was the cr!-e co--!tte*/ a% Ch!l* ra(e 0% 2$al!!e* Ra(e c% Stat$tor' Ra(e *% None
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