RAUL C. COSARE vs. BROADCOM ASIA, INC. and DANTE AREVALO G.R. No. 201298, F!"#a"$ %, 201& R$s, J.: Fa'(s)
Cosare was employed as a salesman by Arevalo, who was then in the business of selling broadcast equipment needed by television networks and production houses. In December 2, Arevalo set up the company !roadcom, still to continue the business of trading communication and broadcast equipment. Cosare was named an incorporator of !roadcom, having been assigned " shares of stock with par value of #". per share. In $ctober 2", Cosare was promoted to the position of Assistant Assistant %ice #resident for &ales 'A% 'A%# for &ales( and )ead of the *echnical Coordination. &ometime in 2+, Ale -. Abiog Abiog 'Abiog( was wa s appointed as !roadcoms %ice %ice #resident for &ales and thus, became Cosares immediate superior. $n /arch 2+, 20, Cosare sent a confidential memo to Arevalo to inform him of the anomalies which were allegedly being committed by Abiog against the company. Arevalo failed to act on Cosares accusations and instead called Cosare for a meeting and was asked to tender his resignation in echange for 1financial assistance1 in the amount of #+,.. Cosare refused to comply with the directive. $n /arch +, 20, Cosare received a memo charging him of o f serious misconduct and willful breach of trust. *hus, Cosare was precluded from reporting for work on /arch +", 20, and was instead instructed to wait at the offices receiving section. $n April ", 20, Cosare was totally barred from entering the company premises, and was told to merely wait outside the office building for further instructions. $n April +, 20, Cosare filed the subect labor complaint, claiming that he was constructively dismissed from employment by the respondents. )e further argued that he was illegally suspended, as he placed no serious and imminent threat to the life or property of his employer and co3employees. In refuting Cosares complaint, the respondents argued that Cosare was neither illegally suspended nor dismissed from employment. *he 4abor Arbiter rendered his Decision dismissing the complaint on the ground of Cosares failure to establish that he was dismissed, constructively or otherwise, from his employment. 5nyielding, Cosare appealed the 4A decision to the 647C. *he 647C rendered its Decision reversing the Decision of the 4abor Arbiter, and found that the 7espondents are found guilty of Illegal Constructive Dismissal. *hereafter, the CA rendered the assailed Decision granting the respondents petition. It agreed with the respondents contention that the case involved an intra3corporate controversy which,
pursuant to #residential Decree 6o. 023A, as amended, was within the eclusive urisdiction of the 7*C. 7*C. Iss#)
8hether or not the instant suit is an intra3corporate controversy, where as such is within the urisdiction of the 7*C. 7*C. *+d)
It is not an intra3corporate controversy. An intra3corporate controversy, which falls within the urisdiction of regular courts, has been regarded in its broad sense to pertain to disputes that involve an y of the following relationships9 '"( between the corporation, partnership or association and the public: '2( between the corporation, partnership or association and the state in so far as its its franchise, permit or license to operate is concerned: '+( between the corporation, partnership or association and its stockholders, partners, partners, members or officers: and ';( among the stockholders, partners or associates, themselves. &ettled urisprudence, however, qualifies that when the dispute involves a charge of illegal dismissal, the action may fall under the urisdiction of the 4As upo n whose urisdiction, as a rule, falls termination disputes and claims for damages arising from employer3employee relations as provided in Article 2"< of the 4abor Code. Consistent with this urisprudence, the mere fact that Cosare was a stockholder and a nd an officer of !roadcom at the time the subect controversy developed failed to necessarily make the case an intra3corporate dispute. *he 4A has the original urisdiction over o ver the complaint for illegal dismissal because Cosare, although an officer of !roadcom for being its A% A%# for &ales, was not a 1corporate officer1 as the term is defined by law. 8e 8e held in 7eal v. &angu #hilippines, Inc., citing =arcia v. >astern *elecommunications *elecommunications #hilippines, Inc.9 1 ?Corporate officers in the contet of #residential Decree 6o. 023A are those officers of the corporation who are given that character by the Corporation Code or by the corporations by3laws. *here are three specific officers whom a corporation must have under &ection 2@ of the Corporation Code. *hese are the president, secretary and the treasurer. *he number of officers is not limited limited to these three. A corporation may have such other officers as may be provided for by its by3laws like, but not limited to, the vice3president, cashier, auditor or general manager. *he number of corporate officers is thus limited by law and by the corporations by3laws.1 '>mphasis ours( As may be deduced from the foregoing, there are two circumstances which must concur in order for an individual to be considered a corporate officer, officer, as against an ordinary employee or officer, namely9 '"( the creation of the position is under the corporations charter charter or by3laws: and '2( the election of the officer is by the directors or stockholders. It is only when the officer claiming to have been illegally dismissed is
classified as such corporate officer that the issue is deemed an intra3corporate dispute which falls within the urisdiction of the trial courts. As may be gleaned from !roadcoms by3laws, the only officers who are specifically listed, and thus with offices that are created under unde r !roadcoms by3laws are the following9 the #resident, %ice3#resident, %ice3#resident, *reasurer and &ecretary. Although Although a blanket authority provides for the !oards appointment of such other officers as it may deem necessary and proper, the respondents failed to sufficiently establish that the position of A%# for &ales was created by virtue of an act of !roadcoms board, and that Cosare was specifically elected or appointed to such position p osition by the directors. 6o board resolutions to establish such facts form part of the case records. -urther, it was held in /arc II /arketing, Inc. v. oson that an enabling clause in a corporations by3laws empowering its board of directors to create additional officers, even with the subsequent passage of a board resolution to that effect, cannot make such position a corporate office. office. *he board of directors has no power to create other o ther corporate offices without first amending the corporate by3laws so as to include therein the newly created corporate office. 1*o allow the creation of a corporate officer o fficer position by a simple inclusion in the corporate by3laws of an enabling clause empowering the board of directors to do so can result in the circumvention of that constitutionally well3protected right Bof every employee to security of tenure.1 -inally, the the mere fact that Cosare was a stockholder of !roadcom at the time of the cases filing did not necessarily make the action an intra3 corporate controversy. 16ot all conflicts between the stockholders and the corporation are classified as intra3 corporate. *here are other facts to consider in determining whether the dispute involves corporate matters as to consider them as intra3corporate controversies.1 *ime and again, the Court has ruled that in determining the eistence of an intra3corporate dispute, the status or relationship of the parties and the nature of the question that is the subect of the controversy must be taken into account. Considering that the pending dispute particularly relates to Cosares rights rights and obligations as a regular officer o fficer of !roadcom, instead of as a stockholder of the corporation, the controversy can not be deemed intra3corporate. *his is consistent with the 1controversy test1 eplained by the Court in 7eyes v. )on. 7*C, 7*C, !r. ";2, to wit9 5nder the nature of the controversy test, the incidents of that relationship must also be considered for the purpose of ascertaining whether the controversy itself is intra3corporate. *he controversy must not only be rooted in the eistence of an intra3corporate relationship, but must as well pertain to the enforcement of the parties correlative correlative rights and obligations under the Corporation Code and the internal and intra3corporate regulatory rules of the corporation. If the relationship and its incidents are merely incidental to the controversy or if there will still be conflict even if the relationship does not eist, then no intra3corporate controversy eists. 'Citation omitted( B$) "-$ B. L#+#
