CHAPTER 9 STANDARD STANDARD COSTING: A FUNCTIONAL-BASED CONTROL APPROACH DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Standa Standard rd costs costs are essent essential ially ly budget budgeted ed amounts on a per-unit basis. Unit standards serve as inputs in building budgets.
an event that will create a direct labor rate variance that is controllable.
2. The quanti quantity ty decisi decision on is determ determini ining ng how much much inpu inputt shou should ld be used used per per unit unit of output. The pricing decision determines how much much shou should ld be paid paid for the the quan quanti tity ty of input used. 3. Historical experience is often a poor choice for esta establ blis ishi hing ng stan standa dard rds s beca becaus use e the the hist histor oric ical al amou amount nts s may may incl includ ude e more more inefficiency than is desired.
1.
Inefficient Inefficient direct labor machine machine downtime downtime bore bored d wor$ wor$er ers s and and poor poor qual qualit ity y dire direct ct mate materrial ials are are pos possibl ible caus cause es of an unfavorable direct labor efficiency variance.
11.
)art )art of a vari variab able le over overhe head ad spen spendi ding ng variance can be caused by inefficient use of overhead resources.
12.
The volume variance is caused by the actual volume differing from the expected volume used to compute the predetermined standard fixed overhead rate. If the actual volume is different from the expected volume then the comp compan any y has has eit either her lost lost or ear earned ned a contrib contributi ution on margin. margin. The volume volume variance variance signals signals this outcome. If the variance is large then then the the loss loss or gain gain is larg large e sinc since e the the volume variance understates the effect.
13.
!ontrol limits indicate how large a variance must be before it is *udged to be material and the process process is out of control. control. !urrent practice sets the control limits sub*ectively and and bas bases them hem on past past expe experi rien ence ce intuition and *udgment.
4. Ideal standards standards are perfection perfection standard standards s represent representing ing the best possible possible outcomes. outcomes. !urrently attainable standards are standards that are challenging but allow for inefficiency inefficiency.. !urrently !urrently attainable attainable standard standards s are often chosen because many feel they tend to motivate rather than frustrate. 5. "y identi identifyin fying g standa standards rds and asses assessin sing g deviati deviations ons from from the stand standar ards ds manage managers rs can locate areas where change or corrective behavior is needed. 6. #ana #anage gerrs gene generrally ally tend tend to have have more more contro controll over the quanti quantity ty of an input input used used rather than the price paid per unit of input.
14. (ll three three approac approaches hes brea$ brea$ the total total overhead overhead variance into component variances. The fourvariance variance appro approach ach divides divides overhea overhead d into into fixed and variable categories %based on unitlevel level behav behavio ior& r&.. It comp comput utes es the the varia variabl ble e overhead spending and efficiency variances and the fixed xed spendin ding and volum olume e varia varianc nces es.. The The thre threee-var varia iance nce appr approa oach ch computes the spending variance %the sum of the fixed and variable spending variances of the four-variance approach& approach& and the variable effi effici cien ency cy and and fixe fixed d over overhe head ad volu volume me vari varian ance ces s %sam %same e as thos those e of the the four four-variance analysis&. The two-variance analysis comput computes es a budget budget variance variance whic which h is the sum sum of the the spen spendi ding ng vari varian ance ces s and and the the variable overhead efficiency variances and a volume volume variance variance which which is identi identical cal to that that computed using a four-variance analysis.
7. The The mate materi rial als s pric price e vari varian ance ce is ofte often n comput computed ed at the point of purcha purchase se rather rather than issuance issuance because because it provides control info inform rmat atio ion n soon sooner er.. If the the vari varian ance ce is comput computed ed at the point point of issua issuance nce and a problem problem is detect detected ed this this probl problem em could could have been been ongoin ongoing g for wee$s wee$s or months months %depending on how long the direct materials were in inventory before being used&. 8. 'isagree. ( direct materials usage variance can be caused by factors beyond the control of the production manager %e.g. purchase of a lower lower qualit quality y of direct direct materi materials als than than normal&. 9. 'isagree. 'isagree. Using Using higher-pric higher-priced ed wor$ers wor$ers to perform lower-s$illed tas$s is an example of
9-1
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15.
The direct materials usage and direct labor efficiency variances can be bro$en into mix and and yiel yield d vari varian ance ces. s. The The mix mix vari varian ance ce indica indicates tes the deviatio deviation n from the standa standard rd
mix of direct materials or direct labor. The yiel yield d varia varianc nce e calc calcul ulat ates es the the diff differ erenc ence e between the actual yield and the standard yield.
9-2
© 2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible ebsite, in hole or in part.
CORNERSTONE E!ERCISES C"#$%#&'"$% E(%#)*&% 9.1 1. S'+$ S'+$,+ ,+#, #, + +#' #'& & "/ "*0 "*0 +00 +00" "%, %,:: SQ U$*' +$'*' &'+$,+#, A)'+0 "'' 6.2 98 676 +#'& 2. D*#% D*#%)' )' 0+" 0+"## " "#& #& +00" +00"% %,: ,: SH U$*' 0+"# &'+$,+#, A)'+0 "'' 246; 98 .4 98 392 ,*#%)' 0+"# "#& 3.
I/ 97 "*0 )+$< )+$<%& %& %#% %#% %#/"# %#/"#=%, =%, *$&'% *$&'%+, +, "/ 98 98 '% '% &'+$,+# &'+$,+#, , +$'*' +$'*'*% *%& & +00"%, "0, % 0"%# &*$)% '% #",)'*"$ #",)'*"$ "/ /%%# "*0 )+$<%& '+>%& 0%&& "*0 +$, /%%# ,*#%)' 0+"# "#&. T% SQ /"# /"# "*0 "0, % 614 +#'& 6.2 97; +$, '% SH /"# /"# ,*#%)' 0+"# "#& "0, % 388 "#& .4 97;.
C"#$%#&'"$% E(%#)*&% 9.2 1.
F"#=0+&: ?+'%#*+0& #*)% @+#*+$)% MPV ; = AP 5.1 5.5;62 5.5;62 AP – SP ; AQ AQ = 5.1 = .5 62 31 U ?+'%#*+0& &+<% @+#*+$)% MUV ; = AQ SQ ;SP 62 676;5.5 AQ = 56 5.5; 282.8 F
2.
AP AQ
SP AQ
SQ SP
62 5.1 372.
62 5.5 341.
676 5.5 3683.8
MPV
MUV
31 U
282.8 F
C"#$ "#$%#&'"$ '"$% E( E(%#)*&% *&% 9.2 9.2
C"$ C"$)0, 0,%,;
3.
T"'+0 '+0 ,* ,*#%) #%)' =+' =+'% %#*+0 *+0& @+ @+#*+$)%
AP AQ ; SP SQ ; MPV MUV 5.1 62; 5.5 676; 372. 3683.8 18.2 U N"'*)% '+' 18.2 U *& +0&" %+0 '" '% &= "/ '% MPV +$, +$, MUV . MPV MUV ; 31. U 282.8 F 18.2 U
4.
I/ '% +)'+0 +)'+0 +$'* +$'*' ' #)+& #)+&%, %, +& 61 61 +#'& +#'& '% =+'%#*+ =+'%#*+0& 0& #*)% #*)% @+#*+$) @+#*+$)% % "0, % )+0)0+'%, +' '% '*=% "/ #)+&%. ?+'%#*+0& #*)% @+#*+$)% MPV ; = AP 5.1 5.5;61 5.5;61 AP – SP ; AQ AQ = 5.1 = .5 61 35 U T%#% "0, % $" *=+)' "$ '% =+'%#*+0& &+<% @+#*+$)% %)+&% '% +)'+0 +$'*' #)+&%, *& $"' &%, *$ '+' )"='+'*"$ '% +)'+0 +$'*' &%, *$ #",)'*"$ *& +#' "/ '% =+'%#*+0& &+<% @+#*+$)%.
C"#$%#&'"$% E(%#)*&% 9.3 1.
F"#=0+&: L+"# #+'% @+#*+$)% LRV ; = AR 14.5 14.;386 193 U AR – SR ; AH AH = 14.5 L+"# %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)% LEV ; = AH SH ;SR 386 392;14. AH = 6 14. 84 F
2.
AR AH
SR AH
SH SR
386 14.5 5597
386 14 544
392 14 5488
LRV
LEV
193 U
84 F
C"#$%#&'"$% E(%#)*&% 9.3
C"$)0,%,;
3. T"'+0 ,*#%)' 0+"# @+#*+$)% AR AH ; SR SH ; LRV LEV 14.5 386; 14. 392; 5597 5488 19 U N"'*)% '+' 19 U *& +0&" %+0 '" '% &= "/ '% LRV +$, LEV . LRV LEV ; 193 U 84 F 19 U 4.
I/ '% +)'+0 ,*#%)' 0+"# +<% #+'% +& 12.4 *$ $% '% ,*#%)' 0+"# #+'% @+#*+$)% "0, %: L+"# #+'% @+#*+$)% LRV ; = AR – SR ; AH = 12.4 14.;386 617.6 F T% ,*#%)' 0+"# %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)% "0, % $+//%)'%, &*$)% '% +)'+0 #+'% *& $"' + +#' "/ '% )+0)0+'*"$.
C"#$%#&'"$% E(%#)*&% 9.4 1.
+#*+$)% /"# $% 328 335 25 U +#*+$)% /"# 0 328 343 15 U +#*+$)% /"# A<&' 328 3468 188 U +#*+$)% /"# S%'%=%# 328 314 14 F +#*+$)% /"# O)'"%# 328 332 4 U +#*+$)% /"# N"@%=%# 328 323 5 F 0 +$, A<&' &"0, % *$@%&'*<+'%, +& '%*# @+#*+$)%& +#% <#%+'%# '+$ 145 /#"= &'+$,+#,.
2.
4 "/ &'+$,+#, )"&' .4 328 1312 U$,%# '*& +00"+0% ,%@*+'*"$ /#"= &'+$,+#, S%'%=%# "0, % *$@%&'*<+'%, +& %00 +& 0 +$, A<&' &*$)% '%*# @+#*+$)%& +#% <#%+'%# '+$ 4 %#)%$' "/ &'+$,+#,.
C"#$%#&'"$% E(%#)*&% 9.5 1.
C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,.................................. D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%........... D*#%)' L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%........
2579
D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%.............. D*#%)' L+"# R+'% +#*+$)%....................... C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,.............................
11 87
1345 1234
197
A,&'%, C"&' "/ G"",& S"0, 15 197 2579 152382 2.
I==+'%#*+0 @+#*+$)% +))"$' +0+$)%& +#% *$ MUV +$, LRV . T% )0"&*$< %$'# *&: D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%......... D*#%)' L+"# R+'% +#*+$)%................. C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,........................
"#> *$ P#")%&&...................... F*$*&%, G"",&...................... C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,................ T"'+0.....................................
11 87
P#*=% C"&'& 1652 126 15 13412
197 P%#)%$'+<% "/ T"'+0 12.32 9.39 78.29 1.
"#> *$ P#")%&& .1232 1234;................. F*$*&%, G"",& .939 1234;.................. C"&' "/ G"",& S"0, .7829 1234;........... D*#%)' L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%................
152 1159 9661
"#> *$ P#")%&& .1232 1345;................. F*$*&%, G"",& .939 1345;.................. C"&' "/ G"",& S"0, .7829 1345;........... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%...................
1657 1263 153
U$+,&'%, +0+$)% A,,: MPV L%&&: MUV L%&&: LRV A,,: LEV A,&'%, +0+$)%
C"#$%#&'"$% E(%#)*&% 9.6
"#> *$ P#")%&& 236 1657
F*$*&%, G"",& 18 1263
152 239177
1159 182422
1234
1345 C"&' "/ G"",& S"0, 15 153 11; 87; 9661 1518221
1.
T"'+0 @+#*+0% "@%#%+, @+#*+$)% A)'+0 @+#*+0% "@%#%+, +#*+0% "@%#%+, #+'% S'+$,+#, "#& /"# +)'+0 #",)'*"$; 8867 J3.4 .2 131;K 8867 898 41 F
2.
I/ #",)'*"$ +, %%$ 1296 $*'& /%%# ,*#%)' 0+"# "#& "0, +@% %%$ +00"%, +' &'+$,+#, +$, '% /0%(*0% ,<%' +="$' /"# @+#*+0% "@%#%+, "0, % &=+00%#. T& '% '"'+0 @+#*+0% "@%#%+, @+#*+$)% "0, '#$ *$'" +$ $/+@"#+0% @+#*+$)% "/ 542 8867 88128;.
C"#$%#&'"$% E(%#)*&% 9.7 1.
+#*+0% "@%#%+, &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% = A)'+0 @+#*+0% "@%#%+, SVOR AH ; = 8867 3.4 2635; = 92 F
2.
+#*+0% "@%#%+, %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)% = AH SH ;SVOR 2635 262;3.4 51 U
3. A)'+0 +#*+0% O@%#%+, 8867
B,<%'%, +#*+0% O@%#%+, SVOR × AH = 3.4 2635
8959 S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 92 F
A0*%, +#*+0% O@%#%+, SVOR × SH
3.4 .2 131; 898
E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 51 U
4. I/ 261 ,*#%)' 0+"# "#& +, %%$ "#>%, *$ F%#+# '% @+#*+0% "@%#%+, &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% "0, % &=+00%# ' &'*00 /+@"#+0%. H"%@%# '% @+#*+0% "@%#%+, %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)% "0, % /+@"#+0% &*$)% 261 "#& *& 0%&& '+$ '% &'+$,+#, ,*#%)' 0+"# "#& +00"%, /"# +)'+0 #",)'*"$ .2 131 262 ,*#%)' 0+"# "#&; 1 "#&.
C"#$%#&'"$% E(%#)*&% 9.8 1.
F*(%, "@%#%+, &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% = A)'+0 /*(%, "@%#%+, B,<%'%, /*(%, "@%#%+, = 683 65 = 33 U
2.
"0=% @+#*+$)% = B,<%'%, /*(%, "@%#%+, A0*%, /*(%, "@%#%+, B,<%'%, /*(%, "@%#%+, F*(%, "@%#%+, #+'% SH ; 65 J2.5 131 .2;K 5 F
3. A)'+0 F*(%, O@%#%+, 683
B,<%'%, F*(%, O@%#%+, 65
A0*%, F*(%, O@%#%+, SFOR × SH
2.5 262 655 S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 33 U
"0=% +#*+$)% 5 F
Note: S'+$,+#, ,*#%)' 0+"# "#& /"# +)'+0 #",)'*"$ .2 131
262 ,*#%)' 0+"# "#& 4.
I/ 1296 $*'& +, %%$ #",)%, *$ F%#+# '%#% "0, +@% %%$ $" *=+)' "$ '% /*(%, "@%#%+, &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% +&&=*$< '+' +)'+0 /*(%, "@%#%+, &'+%, '% &+=%;. H"%@%# '%#% "0, +@% %%$ +$ $/+@"#+0% @"0=% @+#*+$)%. T+' @"0=% @+#*+$)% "0, +@% %%$ 2 U J65 2.5 .2 1296;K.
C"#$%#&'"$% E(%#)*&% 9.9 1.
SM SM '"=+'" &+)% SM )%%&% SM &+&+<%
2. D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0 T"=+'" &+)%.... C%%&%............... S+&+<%............. ?*( @+#*+$)%...... 3.
S'+$,+#, =*( #""#'*"$ T"'+0 +)'+0 *$' +$'*' .325 2 65 "$,& .375 2 75 "$,& .3 2 6 "$,& AQ
SM
7 84 46
65 75 6
AQ SM
5 9 14;
SP
1.4 2.8 2.1
AQ SM;SP 7 252 294; 28 U
A)'+0 =*( #""#'*"$ '"=+'" &+)% 72 .35 "# 35 A)'+0 =*( #""#'*"$ )%%&% 842 .42 "# 42 A)'+0 =*( #""#'*"$ &+&+<% 462 .23 "# 23 T% =*( @+#*+$)% *& $/+@"#+0% %)+&% + 0+#<%# %#)%$'+<% "/ '% #%0+'*@%0 ="#% %(%$&*@% *$' )%%&% +& &%,.
4. T"=+'" &+)% $" +))"$'& /"# 35 %#)%$' 72; "/ '% '"'+0 +$, )%%&% +))"$'& /"# "$0 35 %#)%$' 72;. T% =*( @+#*+$)% *00 % /+@"#+0% &*$)% #%0+'*@%0 ="#% "/ '% )%+%# *$' '"=+'" &+)% *& &%, 0%&& "/ '% ="#% %(%$&*@% )%%&% *& &%, +$, '% &'+$,+#, +="$' "/ &+&+<% *& &%,.
C"#$%#&'"$% E(%#)*&% 9.1 1.
S'+$,+#, =*( #""#'*"$ T"'+0 +)'+0 *$' +$'*' SM SM =+)*$% "%#+'"#& .5 4 2 "#& .5 4 2 "#& SM +)>%#&
2. D*#%)' L+"# ?+)*$% "%#+'"#& P+)>%#&.................... ?*( @+#*+$)%........ 3.
AQ
SM
AQ SM
SP
16 24
2 2
4; 4
16 12
AQ SM;SP 64; 48 16 F
A)'+0 =*( #""#'*"$ =+)*$% "%#+'"#& 164 .4 "# 4 A)'+0 =*( #""#'*"$ +)>%#& 244 .6 "# 6 T% =*( @+#*+$)% *& /+@"#+0% %)+&% + 0+#<%# %#)%$'+<% "/ '% #%0+'*@%0 0%&& %(%$&*@% *$' +)>%#& +& &%,.
4.
S*$)% "' '%& "/ 0+"# +))"$' /"# 5 %#)%$' "/ '"'+0 ,*#%)' 0+"# "#& +$, +#% %(+)'0 %+0 '" '%*# &'+$,+#, =*( #""#'*"$ '%#% "0, % $" ,*#%)' 0+"# =*( @+#*+$)%.
C"#$%#&'"$% E(%#)*&% 9.11 1.
U&*$< '% &'+$,+#, =*( /"# 16 *+&: M*%0, #+'*" 16 *+&4 "$,& "/ *$' .4
2.
S'+$,+#, )"&' "/ '% *%0, SPy ; 85.416 *+& *%0,%, 5.34 %# *+
3.
S'+$,+#, *%0, M*%0, #+'*" A)'+0 +="$' "/ *$'& .4 2 "$,& 8 *+&
4.
M*%0, @+#*+$)% S'+$,+#, *%0, A)'+0 *%0,; SPy 8 78;5.34 16.8 U
5.
If the 2,000 pounds of direct materials put into process resulted in 825 pizzas, then the yield variance would be favorable. That is, the actual yield of 825 pizzas is greater than the standard yield of 800 pizzas.
E!ERCISES E(%#)*&% 9.12 1.
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
2. T% &'+$,+#, #*=% )"&' %# 1-<+00"$ +') "/ &'#+%## += *& +& /"00"&: S'#+%##*%& 7.5 '&. + .8;............................. O'%# *$<#%,*%$'& 1 <+0&. .45;..................... S"#'*$< 0+"# .3 #. 9.;............................ P#")%&&*$< 0+"# .2 #. 9.;...................... P+)>+<*$< 4 '&. ) .38;.................................. T"'+0 &'+$,+#, )"&'............................................
6. 4.5 2.7 1.8 15.2 3.2
+
6 +#'& 54; 6 +#'& 3 =*$'%& %# +#' ) 4 +#'& %# <+00"$ 1 <+00"$& 3.
"% +& /+*0%, '" #"@*,% ,%)*&*"$ &"#' *$/"#=+'*"$ +$, #%)"==%$,+'*"$& '+' +#% +))#+'% )0%+# )"$)*&% +$, '*=%0 +@"*, ++#%$' )"$/0*)'& "/ *$'%#%&' #%/#+*$ /#"= %$<+<*$< *$ +$ )"$,)' '+' "0, #%,*)% )+##*$< "' ,'*%& %'*)+00 +&'+*$ /#"= %$<+<*$< *$ "# &"#'*$< +$ +)'*@*' '+' =*<' ,*&)#%,*' '% #"/%&&*"$ +$, )"==$*)+'% *$/"#=+'*"$ /+*#0 +$, "%)'*@%0.
E(%#)*&% 9.13 1.
SQ 8.45 0&. 28 2366 "$,&
2.
SH 1.8 #. 28 54 "#&
E(%#)*&% 9.14 1.
MPV AP SP ; AQ MPV .21 .2;912 912 U MUV AQ SQ ;SP MUV 912 99;.2 6 U
SQ 143 6.3 99 ". AP AQ
SP AQ
SP SQ
.21 912 189252
.2 912 1824
.2 99 1818
?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)% 912 U 2.
?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)% 6 U
LRV AR SR ; AH LRV 17.3 18.;113 791 F LEV AH SH ;SR LEV 113 1144;18. 252 F
SH 143 .8 1144 #. AR AH
SR AH
SR SH
17.3 113 19549
18 113 234
18 1144 2592
L+"# R+'% +#*+$)% 791 F 3.
L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 252 F
?+'%#*+0&..................................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%................ A))"$'& P++0%................................
1824 912
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%.............. ?+'%#*+0&................................................
1818 6
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... D*#%)' L+"# R+'% +#*+$)%................. D*#%)' L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%........ +<%& P++0%.....................................
2592
189252
1824 791 252 19549
E(%#)*&% 9.15 1. F*(%, "@%#%+, +$+0&*&: A)'+0 F*(%, O@%#%+, 55625
B,<%'%, F*(%, O@%#%+, 5568
A0*%, F*(%, O@%#%+, SFOR × SH
1.16 4 1194; 55416 S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 55 F
"0=% +#*+$)% 2784 U
Note: F*(%, "@%#%+, #+'% 556848 1.16 %# ,*#%)' 0+"# "#
T% &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% )"=+#%& +' &"0, +@% %%$ &%$' *' '% +="$' +)'+00 &%$'. O$% "&&*0% *$'%##%'+'*"$ "/ '% @"0=% @+#*+$)% *& '+' *' *& + =%+&#% "/ %##"# *$ &%)*/*$< '% ,<%'%, "''. % <%&&%, #"$<. A$"'%# "&&**0*' *& '+' *' &*<$+0& + <+*$ 0"&&; /#"= #",)*$< +$, &%00*$< ="#% 0%&&; '+$ %(%)'%,. I/ '% ,<%'%, "'' &%, +& #+)'*)+0 )++)*' '%$ *' +0&" %)"=%& + =%+&#% "/ $&%, )++)*'. H"%@%# &*$)% '% ,<%'%, "'' *& +&%, "$ %(%)'%, "'' +$, $"' #+)'*)+0 "'' '% /*#&' '" *$'%##%'+'*"$& +#% ="#% +#"#*+'% /"# '*& %(+=0%. 2.
+#*+0% "@%#%+, +$+0&*&: A)'+0 +#*+0% O@%#%+, 236
S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 116 U
B,<%'%, +#*+0% O@%#%+,
A0*%, +#*+0% O@%#%+,
SVOR × AH
SVOR × SH
.48 478 22944
.48 4 1194; 229248
E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 192 U
Note: +#*+0% "@%#%+, #+'% 7872 5568;48 .48 %#
,*#%)' 0+"# "#.
E(%#)*&% 9.15
C"$)0,%,;
T% @+#*+0% "@%#%+, &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% )+$ "))# %)+&% "/ )+$<%& *$ '% #*)%& "/ '% *$,*@*,+0 *'%=& '+' =+>% @+#*+0% "@%#%+,. I$ '*& &%$&% *' *& &*=*0+# '" '% ,*#%)' =+'%#*+0& +$, ,*#%)' 0+"# #*)% @+#*+$)%&. H"%@%# '% @+#*+0% "@%#%+, )"&' +$, #+'% )+$ +0&" % +//%)'%, *$%//*)*%$' &% "/ @+#*+0% "@%#%+, *$'&. T& %@%$ */ '% #*)%& "/ '% *$,*@*,+0 *'%=& #%=+*$%, '% &+=% +&'% "# *$%//*)*%$) )"0, )+&% + &%$,*$< @+#*+$)%. T% @+#*+0% "@%#%+, %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)% *& %#/%)'0 )"##%0+'%, *' '% ,*#%)' 0+"# %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)%. T% )+&% "/ +$ @+#*+$)% *& + ,*//%#%$)% %'%%$ +)'+0 +$, &'+$,+#, ,*#%)' 0+"# "#&. T*& #%/0%)'& '% $,%#0*$< +&&='*"$ "/ /$)'*"$+0-+&%, "@%#%+, )"$'#"0 *'*$ + '*)+0 &'+$,+#, )"&'*$< &&'%=;: +00 "@%#%+, )"&'& +#% +&&=%, '" % ,#*@%$ ,*#%)' 0+"# "#& + $*'-0%@%0 ,#*@%#.
E(%#)*&% 9.16 1. T"-@+#*+$)% +$+0&*&: A)'+0 O@%#%+, 78685
B,<%'%, O@%#%+, SVOR × SH ; + B,<%'%, F*(%, O@%#%+, 78648
B,<%' +#*+$)% 82 U
A0*%, O@%#%+, SFOR SVOR ; × SH 1.64 4 1194; 783264
"0=% +#*+$)% 2784 U
Note: O@%#%+, #+'% 787248 1.64 %# ,*#%)' 0+"# "# &= "/
'% @+#*+0% +$, /*(%, "@%#%+, #+'%&;
E(%#)*&% 9.16
C"$)0,%,;
2. T#%%-@+#*+$)% +$+0&*& BFOH B,<%'%, /*(%, "@%#%+, OH O@%#%+,;: A)'+0 OH
78685
BFOH SVOR AH)
78624
S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 61 U 3.
BFOH SVOR SH)
78648
E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 192 U
SFOH SVOR) SH
783264
"0=% +#*+$)% 2784 U
T"-@+#*+$)%: T% @"0=% @+#*+$)% *& '% &+=%. T% ,<%'%, @+#*+$)% *& '% &= "/ '% /*(%, +$, @+#*+0% &%$,*$< @+#*+$)%& +$, '% %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)%. T#%%-@+#*+$)%: T% @"0=% +$, '% %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)%& +#% '% &+=%. T% &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% *& '% &= "/ '% /*(%, +$, @+#*+0% "@%#%+, &%$,*$< @+#*+$)%&.
E(%#)*&% 9.17 1. M*%0, #+'*" 728 .9 2.
SPy 3245.272 45.1
3.
D*#%)' =+'%#*+0& *%0, @+#*+$)% S'+$,+#, *%0, A)'+0 *%0,; SPy 9 88;45.1 9.2 U Note: S'+$,+#, *%0, .9 1
4. D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0 AQ SM AQ SM SP S"0@%$' =*(........................ 945 95 5; 5.27 A#"=+'*) )"="$,&....... 55 5 5 8. D*#%)' =+'%#*+0 =*( @+#*+$)%............................................................
AQ SM;SP 26.35; 4. 39973.65 U
E(%#)*&% 9.18 1.
MPV AP SP ; AQ
S"0@%$' =*(: MPV 5.2 5.27;945 66.15 F A#"=+'*) )"="$,&: MPV 81 8;55 55. U S"0@%$' =*(: ?+'%#*+0&................................................ D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%........... A))"$'& P++0%...........................
498.15
A#"=+'*) )"="$,&: ?+'%#*+0&................................................ D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%........... A))"$'& P++0%...........................
44. 55.
O# )"=*$%,: ?+'%#*+0&................................................ D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%........... A))"$'& P++0%...........................
44498.15 483.85
66.15 4914.
4455.
445464.
2. ?+'%#*+0& &+<% @+#*+$)%: AQ
SQ
AQ SQ
SP
945 928.89 16.11 5.27 55 48.89 6.11 8. MUV .............................................................................
AQ SQ;SP 84.9 4888. 48964.9 U
88.9; .95 88.9; .5. S"0@%$' =*(: "#> *$ P#")%&&................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%......... ?+'%#*+0&..........................................
4895.25 84.9
A#"=+'*) )"="$,&: "#> *$ P#")%&&................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%......... ?+'%#*+0&..........................................
39112. 4888.
O# )"=*$%,: "#> *$ P#")%&&................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%......... ?+'%#*+0&..........................................
39615.25 48964.9
498.15
444.
44998.15
E(%#)*&% 9.18
C"$)0,%,;
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
E(%#)*&% 9.19 1.
M*%0, #+'*" 25 $*'&5 "#& 5
2.
S'+$,+#, )"&' 7625 3.4 %# $*' "/ *%0,
3.
D*#%)' 0+"# *%0, @+#*+$)% S'+$,+#, *%0, A)'+0 *%0,; SPy 325 32;3.4 152 U
4.
D*#%)' L+"# T% SP
AH SM AH SM;SP
AH SM
F+#*)+'*$<...................... 2 26 6; 2 A&&%=0......................... 45 39 6 12 ?*( @+#*+$)%................................................................................
25;65 26 35;65 39
12; 72 48 F
E(%#)*&% 9.2 1.
MPV AP SP ; AQ MPV .38 .4;1357 2714 F MUV AQ SQ ;SP MUV 1357 135;.4 28 U AP AQ
SP AQ
SP SQ
.38 1357 51566
.4 1357 5428
.4 135 54
?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)% 2714 F 2.
?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)% 28 U
LRV AR SR ; AH LRV 12.1 12.;91 91 U LEV AH SH ;SR LEV 91 9;12. 12 U AR AH
SR AH
SR SH
12.1 91 1111
12. 91 192
12. 9 18
L+"# R+'% +#*+$)% 91 U 3.
L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 12 U
?+'%#*+0&..................................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%........... A))"$'& P++0%................................
5428
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%.............. ?+'%#*+0&................................................
54 28
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... D*#%)' L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%............. D*#%)' L+"# R+'% +#*+$)%....................... +<%& P++0%.....................................
18 12 91
2714 51566
5428
1111
E(%#)*&% 9.2 4.
C"$)0,%,;
or direct materials, the !e"ible budget variance is the sum of the price and usage variances# for direct labor, it is the sum of the rate and e$ciency variances.
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
E(%#)*&% 9.22 1. F*(%, "@%#%+, +$+0&*&: A)'+0 F*(%, O@%#%+, 2947
S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 53 F
B,<%'%, F*(%, O@%#%+, 3
A0*%, F*(%, O@%#%+, SFOR × SH
1.5 .2 9; 27
"0=% +#*+$)% 3 U
Note: F*(%, "@%#%+, #+'% 32 1.5 %# ,*#%)' 0+"# "#
%ne possible interpretation of the volume variance is that it is a measure of error in specifying the denominator volume. &'e guessed wrong.( )nother possibility is that it signals a gain *loss+ from producing and selling more *less+ than e"pected. If the budgeted output used was practical capacity *as it was for aughlin+, then it also becomes a measure of the cost of unused capacity.
E(%#)*&% 9.22 2.
C"$)0,%,;
+#*+0% "@%#%+, +$+0&*&: A)'+0 +#*+0% O@%#%+, 553
B,<%'%, +#*+0% O@%#%+, SVOR × AH = 2.25 19
4275 S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 778 U
A0*%, +#*+0% O@%#%+, SVOR × SH
2.25 .2 9 45
E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 225 U
Note: +#*+0% "@%#%+, #+'% 452 2.25 %# ,*#%)' 0+"# "#
T% @+#*+0% "@%#%+, &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% )+$ "))# %)+&% "/ )+$<%& *$ '% #*)%& "/ '% *$,*@*,+0 *'%=& '+' =+>% @+#*+0% "@%#%+,. I$ '*& &%$&% *' *& &*=*0+# '" '% ,*#%)' =+'%#*+0& +$, ,*#%)' 0+"# #*)% @+#*+$)%&. H"%@%# '% @+#*+0% "@%#%+, )"&' +$, #+'% )+$ +0&" % +//%)'%, *$%//*)*%$' &% "/ @+#*+0% "@%#%+, *$'&. T& %@%$ */ '% #*)%& "/ '% *$,*@*,+0 *'%=& #%=+*$%, '% &+=% +&'% "# *$%//*)*%$) )"0, )+&% + &%$,*$< @+#*+$)%. 3.
"#$+0 %$'#*%&: +. "#> *$ P#")%&&.............................................. +#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0....................... F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0............................
675
. +#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0............................. F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0................................. ?*&)%00+$%"& A))"$'&...........................
553 2947
). F*(%, O@%#%+, "0=% +#*+$)%................. +#*+0% O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%......... +#*+0% O@%#%+, E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%......... F*(%, O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%........ F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0............................ +#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0.......................
3 778 225
,. C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,........................................ F*(%, O@%#%+, "0=% +#*+$)%............ +#*+0% O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%.... +#*+0% O@%#%+, E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%...
133
F*(%, O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%.............. C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,...................................
53
CPA-TMPE E!ERCISES
45 27
8
53 247 13 3 778 225 53
-"ercise .2/ +.
-"ercise .2 . +#*+0% "@%#%+, &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% 8 25; 1 25; 5 F
-"ercise .25 ). "0=% +#*+$)% 65 5 12; 5 U
-"ercise .21 ,. ?+'%#*+0& Q+$'*' +#*+$)% 4 65 6.; 2 U
-"ercise .2 .
PROBLE?S
P#"0%= 9.28 1.
D*#%)' =+'%#*+0&: 4.2 98 4116 D*#%)' 0+"#: 22 98 2156
2.
A)'+0 C"&' D*#%)' =+'%#*+0&......... 44 D*#%)' 0+"#................ 21364
3.
MPV AP SP ; AQ MPV 2.74 2.8;146 876 F
B,<%'%, C"&' 4116 2156
+#*+$)% 1156 F 196 F
MUV AQ SQ ;SP MUV 146 147;2.8 28 F AP AQ
SP AQ
SP SQ
2.74 146 44
2.8 146 488
2.8 147 4116
?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)% 876 F
?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)% 28 F
?+'%#*+0&..................................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%........... A))"$'& P++0%................................
488
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%......... ?+'%#*+0&................................................
4116
876 44 28 488
P#"0%= 9.28 4.
C"$)0,%,;
LRV AR SR ; AH LRV 19.6 2.;19 436 F LEV AH SH ;SR LEV 19 178;2. 24 U AR AH
SR AH
SR SH
19.6 19 21364
2. 19 218
2. 178 2156
L+"# R+'% +#*+$)% 436 F
L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 24 U
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... D*#%)' L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%............. D*#%)' L+"# R+'% +#*+$)%................. +<%& P++0%.....................................
2156 24
P#"0%= 9.29 1.
S'+$,+#, /*(%, "@%#%+, #+'% 771 2; 3.85 %# ,*#%)' 0+"# "# S'+$,+#, @+#*+0% "@%#%+, #+'% 4442 2.22 %# ,*#%)' 0+"# "#
2.
F*(%,: 97 2; 3.85 7469 +#*+0%: 97 2; 2.22 4368 T"'+0 /*(%, "@%#%+, @+#*+$)% 78 7469 331 U T"'+0 @+#*+0% "@%#%+, @+#*+$)% 4356 4368 492 U
436 21364
P#"0%= 9.29
C"$'*$%,;
3. F*(%, "@%#%+, +$+0&*&: A)'+0 F*(%, O@%#%+, 78
B,<%'%, F*(%, O@%#%+, 77
A0*%, F*(%, O@%#%+, SFOR × SH
3.85 2 97; 7469 S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 1 U
"0=% +#*+$)% 231 U
The spending variance is the di3erence between planned and actual costs. -ach item4s variance should be analyzed to see if these costs can be reduced. The volume variance is the incorrect prediction of volume, or alternatively, it is a signal of the loss or gain that occurred because of producing at a level di3erent from the e"pected level. If practical volume is used to compute the "ed overhead rate, it is a measure of unused productive capacity.
4.
+#*+0% "@%#%+, +$+0&*&: A)'+0 +#*+0% O@%#%+, 4356
B,<%'%, +#*+0% O@%#%+, SVOR × AH = 2.22 196
43512 S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 48 U
A0*%, +#*+0% O@%#%+, SVOR × SH
2.22 194 4368
E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 444 U
The variable overhead spending variance is the di3erence between the actual variable overhead costs and the budgeted costs for the actual hours used. It is similar in some ways to the direct materials and direct labor price variances, but variances can also be caused by ine$ciency. The variable overhead e$ciency variance is the savings or e"tra cost attributable to the e$ciency of direct labor usage.
P#"0%= 9.29 5.
C"$)0,%,;
T% %//*)*%$) +$, @"0=% @+#*+$)%& +#% '% &+=% +& '"&% "/ + /"#-@+#*+$)% +$+0&*& "$0 + '"'+0 &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% )+$ % )"='%,. T& '% '#%%@+#*+$)% +$+0&*& "0, #"@*,% '% /"00"*$< @+0%&: "0=% @+#*+$)%: 231 U +#*+0% "@%#%+, %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)%: 444 U S%$,*$< @+#*+$)%: 1 U 48 U 148 U
6.
"#> *$ P#")%&&.................................................... +#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0............................. F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0.................................
117758
+#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0.................................. F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0....................................... ?*&)%00+$%"& A))"$'&................................
4356 78
F*(%, O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%................... F*(%, O@%#%+, "0=% +#*+$)%....................... +#*+0% O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%............... +#*+0% O@%#%+, E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%.............. F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0................................. +#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0.............................
1 231 48 444
C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,.............................................. F*(%, O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%.............. F*(%, O@%#%+, "0=% +#*+$)%................. +#*+0% O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%......... +#*+0% O@%#%+, E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%.........
382
4368 7469
12156
331 492 1 231 48 444
P#"0%= 9.3 1.
MPV AP SP ; AQ MPV 2.5 2.6;274
274 F MUV AQ SQ ;SP MUV 273 265;2.6
1378 U SQ 5 53 Note: S*$)% ,*#%)' =+'%#*+0& #)+&%, ," $"' %+0 ,*#%)' =+'%#*+0& &%, +
'#%%-#"$<%, ,*+<#+= *& $"' <*@%$.
P#"0%= 9.3 2.
C"$'*$%,;
LRV AR SR ; AH LRV 17.95 18.;41
25 F LEV AH SH ;SR LEV 41 3975;18.
63 U SH .75 53 AR AH
SR AH
SR SH
17.95 41 719795
18. 41 7218
18. 3975 7155
L+"# R+'% +#*+$)% 25 F
L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 63 U
3. F*(%, "@%#%+, +$+0&*&: A)'+0 F*(%, O@%#%+, 1617
B,<%'%, F*(%, O@%#%+, SFOR × AH = 4. .75 54;
162 S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 3 F
A0*%, F*(%, O@%#%+, SFOR × SH
4. 3975 159
"0=% +#*+$)% 3 U
Note: P#+)'*)+0 @"0=% *$ "#& .75 54 45 "#&. T% &% "/
#+)'*)+0 @"0=% *=0*%& '+' '% @"0=% @+#*+$)% *& + =%+&#% "/ $&%, )++)*'.
P#"0%= 9.3 4.
C"$'*$%,;
+#*+0% "@%#%+, +$+0&*&: A)'+0 +#*+0% O@%#%+, 122
B,<%'%, +#*+0% O@%#%+,
A0*%, +#*+0% O@%#%+,
SVOR × AH = 3. 41
SVOR × SH
3. 3975 11925
123 S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 17 U
5.
E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 15 U
+. ?+'%#*+0&................................................ D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%..... A))"$'& P++0%...........................
7124
. "#> *$ P#")%&&................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%......... ?+'%#*+0&..........................................
689 1378
). "#> *$ P#")%&&................................... D*#%)' L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%........ D*#%)' L+"# R+'% +#*+$)%............ +<%& P++0%................................
7155 63
,. "#> *$ P#")%&&................................... +#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0............ F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0.................
27825
%. +#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0.................. F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0...................... ?*&)%00+$%"& A))"$'&................
122 1617
274 685
7278
25 719795 11925 159
2837
P#"0%= 9.3
C"$)0,%,;
/. C0"&*$< ,*#%)' =+'%#*+0& +$, ,*#%)' 0+"# @+#*+$)%&: D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%...................... D*#%)' L+"# R+'% +#*+$)%............................ D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%.............. D*#%)' L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%............. C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,................................... O@%#%+,: F*(%, O@%#%+, "0=% +#*+$)%................. +#*+0% O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%......... +#*+0% O@%#%+, E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%......... F*(%, O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%........ F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0............................ +#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0....................... C0"&*$< "@%#%+, @+#*+$)%&: C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,........................................ F*(%, O@%#%+, "0=% +#*+$)%............ +#*+0% O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%.... +#*+0% O@%#%+, E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%... F*(%, O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%.............. C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,...................................
274 25 1378 63 9325 3 17 15 3 27 275 575 3 17 15 3
P#"0%= 9.31 1.
2.
+#*+0% "@%#%+, %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)% AH SH ;SVOR 24 1.3SH SH ;2 24 .6SH SH 4 AH 1.3SH 52 LEV AH SH ;SR
12 52 4; SR 12 12SR SR 1 LRV AR SR ; AH 14 AR 1;52 .2 AR 1 AR 1.2
3.
SH 2 U$*'& #",)%,
4 2 U$*'& #",)%, U$*'& #",)%, 2
3
P#"0%= 9.32 1.
MPV AP SP ; AQ MPV 5.36 5.4;1354 5416 F MUV AQ SQ ;SP MUV 1454 1442;5.4 648 U
AQ *& 1454 "$,& %)+&% '%#% %#% 1 "$,& /#"= %<*$$*$< *$@%$'"# 0& '% #)+&% "/ 1354 "$,&. Note: A '#%%-#"$<%, #%#%&%$'+'*"$ *& $"' <*@%$ %)+&% '% ,*#%)'
=+'%#*+0& &%, +#% $"' %+0 '" ,*#%)' =+'%#*+0& #)+&%,. 2.
LRV AR SR ; AH LRV 17.98 18.;365 73 F LEV AH SH ;SR LEV 365 365;18 81 U AR AH
SR AH
SR SH
17.98 365 65627
18. 365 657
18. 365 6489
L+"# R+'% +#*+$)% 73 F
L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 81 U
3. T"-@+#*+$)% +$+0&*&: A)'+0 O@%#%+, 278
B,<%'%, F*(%, O@%#%+,
A0*%, O@%#%+, (SFOR + SVOR)SH
(SVOR × SH)
25235
2492 B,<%' +#*+$)% 288 U
"0=% +#*+$)% 315 F
B,<%'%, /*(%, "@%#%+, 3. 1.75 2; 15 SVOR SH 4. 1.75 26; 1442 A0*%, "@%#%+, 7. 1.75 26; 25235
P#"0%= 9.32
C"$'*$%,;
4. F"#-@+#*+$)% +$+0&*&: +#*+0% "@%#%+, @+#*+$)%&: B,<%'%, +#*+0% O@%#%+,
A)'+0 +#*+0% O@%#%+, 168
SVOR × AH = 4. 365
146 S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 22 U
A0*%, +#*+0% O@%#%+, SVOR × SH
4. 365 1442
E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 18 U
F"#=0+ +#"+): +#*+0% "@%#%+, &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% A)'+0 VOH SVOR AH ; 168 4. 365; 22 U +#*+0% "@%#%+, %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)% AH SH ;SVOR 365 365;4. 18 U F*(%, "@%#%+, @+#*+$)%&: A)'+0 F*(%, O@%#%+, 11
B,<%'%, F*(%, O@%#%+, SFOR × AH = 3. 1.75 2;
15 S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 5 U
"0=% +#*+$)% 315 F
A0*%, F*(%, O@%#%+, SFOR × SH
3. 1.75 26; 1815
P#"0%= 9.32
C"$'*$%,;
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
?+'%#*+0&..................................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%........... A))"$'& P++0%................................
73116
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%.............. ?+'%#*+0&................................................
77868 648
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... D*#%)' L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%............. D*#%)' L+"# R+'% +#*+$)%................. +<%& P++0%.....................................
6489 81
C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,................................... D*#%)' L+"# R+'% +#*+$)%....................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%......... D*#%)' L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%........
1385 73
D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%................ C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,.............................
5416
+#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0....................... ?*&)%00+$%"& A))"$'&.....................
168
F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0............................ ?*&)%00+$%"& A))"$'&.....................
11
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... +#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0..................
1442
5416 725744
78516
73 65627
648 81 5416 168 11 1442
P#"0%= 9.32
C"$)0,%,;
"#> *$ P#")%&&.............................................. F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0............................
1815
+#*+0% O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%......... +#*+0% O@%#%+, E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%......... F*(%, O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%.............. F*(%, O@%#%+, "0=% +#*+$)%............ F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0............................ +#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0.......................
22 18 5
C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,............................................... +#*+0% O@%#%+, E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%... F*(%, O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%........ +#*+0% O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%....
288
F*(%, O@%#%+, "0=% +#*+$)%................. C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,...................................
315
1815
315 185 238 18 5 22 315
P#"0%= 9.33 1.
S=+00 &'+0%#&: S'+$,+#, S'+$,+#, P#*)% U&+<% D*#%)' =+'%#*+0&.............. 1.6 .375 0. D*#%)' 0+"#..................... 8. .1 #. F*(%, "@%#%+,............... 3. .1 #. +#*+0% "@%#%+,........... 4. .1 #. U$*' )"&'........................................................................................
S'+$,+#, C"&' .6 .8 3. 4. 8.4
Note: 616 .375 "$,
R%<0+# &'+0%#&: S'+$,+#, S'+$,+#, P#*)% U&+<% D*#%)' =+'%#*+0&.............. 1.6 .625 0. D*#%)' 0+"#..................... 8. .15 #. F*(%, "@%#%+,............... 3. .15 #. +#*+0% "@%#%+,........... 4. .15 #. U$*' )"&'...................................................................................... Note: 116 .625 "$,
S'+$,+#, C"&' 1. 1.2 4.5 6. 12.7
P#"0%= 9.33 2.
C"$'*$%,;
MPV AP SP ; AQ MPV 1.55 1.6;56 28 F MUV AQ SQ ;SP MUV S=+00; J13 .375 35;K1.6 2 F MUV R%<0+#; J43 .625 7;K1.6 12 F
3.
?+'%#*+0&..................................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%........... A))"$'& P++0%................................
896
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%......... ?+'%#*+0&................................................
91
D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& P#*)% +#*+$)%................ D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& U&+<% +#*+$)%.............. C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,.............................
28 14
28 868 14 896
42
LRV AR SR ; AH LRV 7.75 8.;148 37 F LEV AH SH ;SR LEV S=+00; J36 .1 35;K8. 8 U LEV R%<0+#; J112 .15 7;K8. 56 U
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... 112 D*#%)' L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%............. 64 D*#%)' L+"# R+'% +#*+$)%................. +<%& P++0%..................................... J.1 35; .15 7;K 8 112 C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,................................... D*#%)' L+"# R+'% +#*+$)%....................... D*#%)' L+"# E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%........
37 1147
27 37 64
P#"0%= 9.33
C"$'*$%,;
4. F*(%, "@%#%+, @+#*+$)%&: A)'+0 F*(%, O@%#%+, 35
B,<%'%, F*(%, O@%#%+, 36
A0*%, F*(%, O@%#%+, SFOR × SH
3 14 42 S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 1 F
"0=% +#*+$)% 6 F
Note: SH .1 35; .15 7; 14
+#*+0% "@%#%+, @+#*+$)%&: A)'+0 +#*+0% O@%#%+, 675
B,<%'%, +#*+0% O@%#%+,
A0*%, +#*+0% O@%#%+,
SVOR × AH = 4 148
SVOR × SH
4 14 56
592 S%$,*$< +#*+$)% 155 U
E//*)*%$) +#*+$)% 32 U
Note: SH .1 35; .15 7; 14
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... +#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0..................
56
"#> *$ P#")%&&......................................... F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0......................
42
+#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0....................... ?*&)%00+$%"& A))"$'&.....................
675
F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0............................ ?*&)%00+$%"& A))"$'&.....................
35
56 42 675 35
P#"0%= 9.33
5.
C"$)0,%,;
F*(%, O@%#%+, C"$'#"0................................. +#*+0% O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%......... +#*+0% O@%#%+, E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%......... F*(%, O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%........ F*(%, O@%#%+, "0=% +#*+$)%............ +#*+0% O@%#%+, C"$'#"0.......................
7 155 32
C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,........................................ +#*+0% O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%.... +#*+0% O@%#%+, E//*)*%$) +#*+$)%...
475
F*(%, O@%#%+, S%$,*$< +#*+$)%.............. F*(%, O@%#%+, "0=% +#*+$)%................. C"&' "/ G"",& S"0,...................................
1 6
1 6 475 155 32
7
M%& )"='+'*"$& +#% +& /"00"&: MUV J56 13125; 4375K1.6 14 F LEV 148 35 15;8. 64 U
P#"0%= 9.34 1.
D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0 AQ SM;SP AQ SM AQ – SM SP A#+$"0.............. 6 3 3 4. 12 L%$,0............. 14 17 3; 6. 18; ?*( @+#*+$)%................................................................................... 6 F M*%0, @+#*+$)% S'+$,+#, *%0, A)'+0 *%0,; SPy 16 166;7.125 4275 F Note: S'+$,+#, *%0, .8 2 SPy 11416 7.125
P#"0%= 9.34 2.
C"$)0,%,;
D*#%)' =+'%#*+0& &+<% @+#*+$)%: T"'+0 &'+$,+#, *$' A)'+0 *%0,M*%0, #+'*" 166.8 275 <+00"$& SQ A#+$"0; 275 .15 31125 <+00"$& SQ( L%$,0; 275 .85 176375 <+00"$&
D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0 AQ SM;SP AQ SQ AQ – SQ SP A#+$"0.............. 6 31125 28875 4. 1155 L%$,0............. 14 176375 36375 6. 21825; ?+'%#*+0& &+<% @+#*+$)%............................................................. 1275; F MUV ?*( @+#*+$)% M*%0, @+#*+$)%
6 F 4275 F 1275 F
P#"0%= 9.35 1.
D*#%)' L+"# T% AH SM AH SM SR ?*(*$<............................. 18 1875 75; 14. D#=-/*00*$<.................... 12 1125 75 9.5 ?*( @+#*+$)%.................................................................................
AH SM;SP 15; 7125 3375; F
M*%0, @+#*+$)% S'+$,+#, *%0, A)'+0 *%0,;SP y 15 1584; 2.4625 2685 F Note: S'+$,+#, *%0, 1632; 3 SPy 39416 2.4625
2.
D*#%)' 0+"# %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)%: T"'+0 "#& +00"%, A)'+0 *%0,M*%0, #+'*" 15845 3168 SH ?*(*$<; 3168 .625 198 "#& SH D#=-/*00*$<; 3168 .375 1188 "#&
D*#%)' L+"# T% AH SH AH SH SR ?*(*$<............................ 18 198 18; 14. D#=-/*00*$<................... 12 1188 12 9.5 L+"# %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)%........................................................... LEV ?*( @+#*+$)% M*%0, @+#*+$)%
3375 F 246 F 27435 F
AH SH;SR 252; 114 246; F
P#"0%= 9.36 T"'+0 ,*#%)' =+'%#*+0& &+<% @+#*+$)%: T"'+0 )"&' "/ ,*#%)' =+'%#*+0& +00"%, 135 14 +')%& SP SQ ; 189 S'+$,+#, )"&' "/ +)'+0 +$'*' &%,: D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0 AQ SP E)"0....... .2 266 P#"'%(...... .425 1288 B%$......... .15 378 CT-4....... .3 714 T"'+0.......................................
532 5474 567 2142 1866
U&+<% @+#*+$)% 1866 189 294 F ?*( @+#*+$)%: C%=*)+0 E)"0.............. P#"'%(............. B%$................ CT-4..............
AQ
SM
AQ SM
266 1288 378 714 8442
2814 147 35175 735 8442
154; 119; 2625 15
26; 8442 16; 8442 %'). M*%0, @+#*+$)% S'+$,+#, *%0, A)'+0 *%0,; SPy 735 7;.27 94.5 U Note: S'+$,+#, *%0, 56;8442 735
A)'+0 *%0, 14 +')%& 5 0*'%#& 7 SPy 1355 .27
SP
.2 .425 .15 .3
AQ SM;SP 38.; 55.75; 393.75 31.5 388.5; F
P#"0%= 9.37 1.
T% ,<%'%, "@%#%+, )"&'& +#% #">%$ ,"$ *$'" /*(%, +$, @+#*+0% )"&'& '% *<-0" =%'",: SVOR 12 8;2 1;
4. B,<%'%, /*(%, "@%#%+, 8 4.1; 4 S%$,*$< @+#*+$)% F*(%, O@%#%+,; A)'+0 F*(%, O@%#%+, B,<%'%, F*(%, O@%#%+, S%$,*$< @+#*+$)% 41335 4 1335 U 2.
T" /*$, SH : F*(%, "@%#%+, @"0=% @+#*+$)% B,<%'%, /*(%, "@%#%+, F*(%, "@%#%+, #+'% SH ; 175 4 2.25 SH ; 3825 2.25 SH SH 17 6.25 4. N%(' '% +)'+0 "#& $%%, '" % /"$,: +#*+0% "@%#%+, %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)% AH SH ;SVOR 32; AH 17;4. 8; AH 17 AH 162 +#*+0% "@%#%+, &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% A)'+0 +#*+0% O@%#%+, +#*+0% O@%#%+, #+'% AH) 7 4. 162; 7 648 52 U
3.
174 4.25 "#& %# $*'
4.
LEV AH SH ;SR 162 17;9.5 76 F
P#"0%= 9.38 1.
I$<0%& C"=+$ P%#/"#=+$)% R%"#' C"&' I'%=& D*#%)' =+'%#*+0&.............. D*#%)' 0+"#..................... +#*+0% "@%#%+,........... F*(%, "@%#%+, .............. +
264368 24352 1731 7394 649934
B,<%'%, + C"&'& 248 1984 992 75 626
+#*+$)% 16368 U 5952 U 811 U 196 F 29334 U
U&%& '% @+#*+0% $*' &'+$,+#, )"&'& /"# ,*#%)' =+'%#*+0& ,*#%)' 0+"# +$, @+#*+0% "@%#%+, %.<. 1 248 /"# ,*#%)' =+'%#*+0&; /*(%, "@%#%+, 3. 25 $*'&.
2.
A)'+0 C"&'&
S%$,*$< @+#*+$)% "$0 +&%, "$ ,<%'%, /*(%, "@%#%+, 3. 25 $*'&.
+. T"'+0 @+#*+$)% MPV MUV 16368 U 1168 U MUV MUV 62 U . LRV AR SR ; AH SH 127721.3 124 "#& SR 1984124
16 AR AH 24352 LRV 24352 16 12772;
). LEV AH SH ;SR 12772 124;16 5952 U
P#"0%= 9.38
C"$'*$%,;
,. S%$,*$< @+#*+$)% F*(%, O@%#%+,; A)'+0 F*(%, O@%#%+, B,<%'%, F*(%, O@%#%+, 7394 75 196 F "0=% @+#*+$)% B,<%'%, F*(%, O@%#%+, S'+$,+#, F*(%, O@%#%+, #+'% SH ; 75 6 124; 6 U A0*%, F*(%, O@%#%+, #+'% 3 248 $*'& 744 A0*%, F*(%, O@%#%+, F*(%, O@%#%+, #+'% SH F*(%, O@%#%+, #+'% 124 744 F*(%, O@%#%+, #+'% 744124 6. %. +#*+0% "@%#%+, &%$,*$< @+#*+$)% A)'+0 +#*+0% "@%#%+, SVOR AH ; 1731 8 12772; 5134 U +#*+0% "@%#%+, %//*)*%$) @+#*+$)% AH SH ;SVOR 12772 124;8 2976 U 3. ?+'%#*+0& +;
2542
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P#"0%= 9.39 1.
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2.
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3.
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1.325 168;
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P#"0%= 9.4 1. T% FIFO =%'", *& &%, %)+&% *' #"@*,%& + =%+&#% "/ '% )##%$' %#*",& "''+$ +="$' $%%,%, '" )+0)0+'% '% "#& +00"%, +$, '% ,*#%)' =+'%#*+0& +00"%, *$ + &'+$,+#, )"&'*$< &&'%=. 2.
U$*'& )"=0%'%, U$*'& &'+#'%, U$*'& BIP U$*'& EIP; 25 125 25; 2375 C"&' "/ <"",& '#+$&/%##%, "' 84 2375 1995 F*#&' '%#% *& $" $%%, '" )+0)0+'% $*' )"&' %)+&% '% &'+$,+#, $*' )"&' +0*%&. S%)"$, '% &+=% &'+$,+#, )"&' +0*%& '" $*'& )"=0%'%, #%<+#,0%&& "/ %$ '% +#% #",)%, &" '%#% *& $" $%%, '" ,*&'*$<*& %'%%$ $*'& /*$*&%, /#"= BIP +$, $*'& &'+#'%, +$, )"=0%'%,.
3.
F*#&' +$ %*@+0%$' $*'& &)%,0% *& $%%,%,: S'+#'%, +$, )"=0%'%,............. BIP........................................... EIP............................................ E*@+0%$' $*'&.........................
D*#%)' ?+'%#*+0& 225 25 25
C"$@%#&*"$ C"&'& 225 5 1 24
MPV AP SP ; AQ
4.25 4.5;12 255 F U&*$< '% %*@+0%$' $*'& &)%,0% +$, '% &'+$,+#, )"&' &%%': SQ 4 25
'& MUV AQ SQ ;SP
12 1;4.5 9 U LRV AR SR ; AH
19 18;47 47 U U&*$< '% %*@+0%$' $*'& &)%,0% +$, '% &'+$,+#, )"&' &%%': SH 2 24
'& LEV AH SH ;SR
47 48;18 18 F
P#"0%= 9.41 1.
MPV AP SP ; AQ
8.1 7.5;85 51 U MUV AQ SQ ;SP
85 87;7.5 15 F %#% SQ 3 29 LRV AR SR ; AH
14.1 14.;1837.6 183.76 U %#% SH 456; 29 LEV AH SH ;SR
1837.6 2175;14 4723.6 F 2.
T#%$,&: T% MPV *& $/+@"#+0% ' *=#"@*$< MUV *& /+@"#+0% ' ,%)#%+&*$< LRV *& &'+0% +$, *$&*<$*/*)+$' +$, '% LEV *& /+@"#+0% +$, *=#"@*$<. S*$)% '*& *& + $*"$ &" % "0, $"' %(%)' '" &%% &*<$*/*)+$' ,*#%)' 0+"# #+'% @+#*+$)%&. T% "'%# @+#*+$)%& #+*&% &"=% %&'*"$&. T% +#% +00 &&'%=+'*)+00 $/+@"#+0% "# /+@"#+0%. N"#=+00 % "0, %(%)' '" &%% /0)'+'*"$ %'%%$ /+@"#+0% +$, $/+@"#+0% @+#*+$)%&. S*$)% % ," $"' '*& &<<%&'& '+' '% &'+$,+#,& +@% $"' %%$ #"%#0 &%' +$, +#% $"' %//%)'*@% )"$'#"0 '""0&.
3.
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4.
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