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Green Life Charge
KOTA KINABALU
GREEN LIFE CHARGE
NAME EIWAN AZRUL HAMIRUN MUHAMMAD HAZWAN MUKSIN KARNOH SAIM
NUMBER ID 07DEP12F2021 07DEP12F2017 07QEP13F2001
DIPLOMA ELECTRONIC (COMUNICATION) DISEMBER 2014
Chapter 1. . . . .
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INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background Project charge battery such as “power bank” is useful for smartfone now a days. This is because only with small capacity battery sure not enough. The use of power bank is to charge the battery without current and easily to bring everywhere. But the disadvantage is the power bank need to be recharge with electric energy . So we decide to make charge that no need to recharge with electrical energy anymore. The name of the project that we make is a “green life energy”. About the “green Life Charge”, this project is a generate the small amount electricity for a smartphone, to replacement the power bank technology, the “Green Life charge” is very useful and very charm, low cost, also no need to payment, because the devices can be generate the electricity it self by using magnetic field, so you can save you money for the electricity.
Problem statement
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Based on the problem, we see that many charge is usefull but it has limit as example is power bank that need to recharge after has been use. how ever power bank that have problem, the problem is wasting our to recharge, so base on the problem, people so lazy to use the power bank, take many time to waiting. So from the problem statement, we create one devices the name is “Green Life Charge” to change power bank technology.
Objective The objective is to make people easier charging their on smartphone without using power source from the battery and electricity. Beside that, it is portable and we no need to worry about the power source. However it is also no limit energy. You can generate how much you want, because the devices that have unlimited power.
Scopes of Study The scope of this project are understanding the overview concept of hydro power, because our project design just a like a hydro power source, by understanding it operation and knowledge, we can create the mini hydro power for an smartphone, this project using the CPU fan for generate the power, magnet use for spining the cpu fan, also circuit board and USB female port.
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Chapter 2. . . . . LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
INTRODUCTION A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge and or methodological approaches on a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources, and as such, do not report any new or original experimental work. Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such as theses, a literature review usually precedes a research proposal and results section. Its ultimate goal is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic and forms the basis for another goal, such as future research that may be needed in the area. A wellstructured literature review is characterized by a logical flow of ideas; current and relevant references with consistent, appropriate referencing style; proper use of terminology and an unbiased and comprehensive view of the previous research on the topic.
The report that we want to be produced needed a few factor that should be taken consideration until that project implemented. To get a quality project result, we need to study about the type of material, design , components that we used, framework installation ,
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installation method and maintenance ,level of product safety, structural strength, project size and so on that we need make it and consider the result that we get. This is all ensure that no any problems would arise during the completion or even when presenting the project.
Hence, systematic and detailed planning must be arranged for produce a complete and perfect project. First step that we need made it, was design daub (sketching) for get the real image of machine that we want to be produced. Due to this, the work design and study that we made is a continuing process and it involving problem solving activity creatively namely which is known as literature study.
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2.2 CPU fan A computer fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a computer case used for active cooling, and may refer to fans that draw cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air from inside, or move air across a heat sink to cool a particular component. 2.2.1 CPU fan feture 12V 37mA 0.45W
Figure 2.2.2 Cpu fan
2.3Diode
In electronics a diode is a two-terminal electronic component which conducts electric current asymmetrically or unidirectional; that is, it conducts current more easily in one direction than in the
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opposite direction. The term usually refers to a semiconductor diode, the most common type today, which is a crystal of semiconductor connected to two electrical terminals, a P-N junction. A vacuum tube diode, which was the first type of diode invented but is now little used, is a vacuum tube with two electrodes; a plate and a cathode. The most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current in one direction (called the forward direction) while blocking current in the opposite direction (the reverse direction). Thus, the diode can be thought of as an electronic version of a check valve. This unidirectional behavior is called rectification, and is used to convert alternating current to direct current, and remove modulation from radio signals in radio receivers.
Figure 2.7: Diode
Figure 2.8: Diode Symbols
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2.5
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Transistor A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor canamplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits.
Figure 2.4.1 symbol of transistor
Figure 2.4.2 transistor
2.5
USB female port
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Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors andcommunications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices.
Figure 2.5.1 usb female port
2.6 Capacitor A capacitor (originally known as a condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy electrostaticallyin an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (plates) separated by a dielectric. The conductors can be thin films, foils or sintered beads of metal or conductive electrolyte, etc. The nonconducting dielectric acts to increase the capacitor's charge capacity. A dielectric can be glass, ceramic, plastic film, air, vacuum, paper, mica, oxide layer etc. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many
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common electrical devices. Unlike aresistor, an ideal capacitor does not dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field between its plates.
Figure 2.6.1 symbol of capacitor
Figure 2.6.2 Capacitor
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CHAPTER 3. . . . . METHODOLOGY
3.1
Introduction
Methodology can be the ‘analysis of the principles of methods, rules, and
postulates employed by a discipline’, ‘the systematic study of
methods that are, can be, or have been applied within a discipline’ or ‘a particular
procedure or set of procedures’.
Methodology includes a philosophically coherent collection of theories, concepts or ideas as they relate to a particular discipline or field of inquiry. Methodology refers to more than a simple set of methods, rather it refers to the rationale and the philosophical assumptions that underlie a particular study relative to the scientific method. This is why scholarly literature often includes a section on the methodology of the researchers. Each step of project is a process to complete the project. Every step must be followed one by one and must be done carefully. If some error occurs it can make a project probably could not operate or do not look neat and perfect. Before the project finish, various process needs to be done according to proper procedures to ensure that projects do not have any problems. Among the measures the work done in preparing this project are.
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Process of designing circuit.
Circuit board trace
Soldering process in circuit board.
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3.1.1 Flow Chart Plan Of Project
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3.1.2 Flow Chart 1.0: Plan Of Project
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3.2
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Gantt Chart
WEEK / ACTIVITY
Students Registration Project Briefing Submission of Project Title Submission of Proposal Assistance and Discussion Progress The Project and First Draft of The Report 50% Progress The Project, Second Draft of The Report and presentation 75% Preparation for presentation Submission of Final Report Presentation
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3.3Draw Schematic Diagram of circuit using proteus
PROTEUS V7.5 allows professional engineers to run interactive simulations of real designs, and to reap the rewards of this approach to circuit simulation. And then, a range of simulator models for popular micro-controllers and a set of animated models for related peripheral devices such as PIC and LCD displays, resistor, and more. It is possible to simulate complete micro-controller systems and thus to develop the software for them without access to a physical prototype. In a world where time to market is becoming more and more important this is a real advantage. Structurally, Proteus 6 Professional separated into two main components, which are ISIS 7 Professional and ARES 7 Professional. ISIS 7 Professional mainly involved on circuit designing and simulation. In our project we use Proteus to design a schematic diagram.
Figure 3.3.1: interface of Proteus 7.5
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3.3.2 Simulate The Circuit Using Proteus
After completing the circuit assembly and configuration, now its time to verify whether the source code compiled is virtually accurate or not. Proteus offer a whole lot of variety virtual devices. In fact, simulation using oscilloscope and function generator can be done using Proteus. Even virtual hyperterminal is provided to demonstrate how your code performs in real world without really doing the hardware section yet.
Figure 3.2 : Toolbar Of Proteus Simulation
3.4
Process Of The Circuit Designing 3.4.1 Design The Circuit Diagram After decide what kind of project that we want to build. We need to make a research about the circuit, electronic component that we need to used, hardware and so on. These things actually can help us to make a better in designing circuit. For example, we need to know the size, foot of component, polarity of the component, the component method compilation and etc to make a circuit diagram.
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In the first step in Circuit Designing process is make a circuit diagram that can be use in the next process. Among steps in the circuit diagram are:-
i.
Before the circuit is produced, the things that we need to be emphasized are the position of symbols and components used in the Schematic circuit. Once we know the entire production circuit, the circuit can be drawn using special software, namely Proteus ISIS Professional.
ii.
Then, make sure that the connection of the component is correct.
Figure 3.4.2: circuit Diagram
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Etching
Etching is a "subtractive" method used for the production of printed circuit boards. Acid is used to remove unwanted copper from a prefabricated laminate. This is done by applying a temporary mask that protects parts of the laminate from the acid and leaves the desired copper layer untouched. Etching is where the excess copper is removed to leave the individual tracks or traces as they are sometimes called. Buckets, bubble tanks, and spray machines lots of different ways to etch, but most firms currently use high pressure conveyerised spray equipment. Many different chemical solutions can be used to etch circuit boards. Ranging from slow controlled speed etches used for surface preparation to the faster etches used for etching the tracks. Some are best used in horizontal spray process equipment while others are best used in tanks.
3.5.1 Risk Of Etching
i. There is a risk of injuries due to the chemicals involved. ii. The quality of the results depends on several factors which you won't be able to master completely the first time. This can be somewhat compensated by using good machinery. iii. There is the problem of waste disposal. Toxic chemicals require a proper disposal service.
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3.5.2 Safety
Since the work involves dangerous chemicals and power tools, we will need to take the necessary safety precautions:
i. Wear safety equipment during the whole process - gloves, protection glasses, and an apron ii. Work near an emergency eyewash station, a first aid box and a phone iii. Familiarize yourself with the proper use of all equipment and tools in the lab - if you are unsure of anything, ask a supervisor of the project.
3.5.3 Etching Process
Etching is the process of using acid to remove coppers that not need on the PCB (PRITED CIRCUIT BOARD). This acid is Acid Ferric Chloride III. Acid Ferric Chloride III is used to remove that coppers The steps of the etching process are: i. Print the schematic onto transparent paper and cut it with the same size of PCB board.
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Figure 3.4 Transparent Paper That Have Cut
ii. Stick the schematic diagram on PCB board. iii. Paste the etching circuit onto transparent paper with UV Board using expose machine. It’s to make PCB paper joined with board. iv. This process takes about 30 second.
Figure 3.5. UV Expose Process v. Dilute the acid with a little hot water and make sure that the mixture is not too liquid and too concentrated.
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vi. Then, put the board into the mixed (Acid Ferric Chloride III + Hot water) to remove the useless copper.
Figure 3.6: Process To Remove Unused Chopper vii. When PCB was soaked into this mix, we must always shake the container with the acid so that the unwanted copper will remove. viii. After Acid remove unused copper, take the PCB to wash with clean water. ix. Then, use sand paper to rub the lines colors. In addition, detergent powder can also be used to remove the ink. Next, just leave only the desired circuit PCB only.
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3.6
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Drilling Process
3.6.1 Material and Equipments :
Bench clamp or support
Dot punch or sharp tool
Drilling machine or hand drill
1mm bits
3.6.2 Introduction of Drilling Process
After the etching process finished, the PCB will be punched using hand drilling machine. Hole is necessary to mount component (example: resistor, capacitor, inductor, tip 122, crystal, PIC base and etc). Before drilling, a dot punch is used to mark the hole position. This serves as a shallow guide for the drill bit to align easily while drilling. Any other sharp pointed tool can be use to do the marking. Points/eye drill used must be appropriate to the hole to be punched between 0.75 to 1.0 mm.
The purpose of this process is to facilitate the installation work on the circuit components of the PCB. During drilling, do not be pressed too strong because it may cause eye drill broken up and dangerous for the people around. Hold the drill steady and drill in straight slowly. The hole will be drilled with little force applied.
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Insert the Component
Foot of component was inserted into the drilled hole that has been completed. It is easier if started with the low component first. Components that are installed must be inspected prior to use multimeter to find out whether these components are in good condition or not. This process is quite important because we should insert the component correctly to avoid from circuit failure. Besides, some components have their own pole like diode, capacitor and other else. After finished the inserting process, we check it once again with the schematic to make sure all the component were at the position or holes.
3.8
Soldering Process Soldering is defined as "the joining of metals by a fusion of alloys which have relatively low melting points". In other words, we use a metal that has a low melting point to adhere the surfaces to be solderedtogether. Soldering is more like gluing with molten metal than anything else. Soldering is also a must have skill for all sorts of electrical and electronics work. It is also a skill that must be taught correctly and developed with practice.
Steps to Solder :
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Quickly remove the tip of the soldering iron from Heat up the soldering iron for five to 10 minutes, allowing the iron to reach maximum operating temperature. If the soldering iron has two temperature settings selectable with a switch, select lower temperature when soldering small electronic components to a board and select the higher temperature when soldering heavier wires. Apply a small amount of solder to the tip and rotate so the entire tip becomes lightly covered with a thin layer of solder. This is called "tinning" the tip.
ii.
Connect the two surfaces to be soldered together so the metal parts are touching. If soldering wires, simply twist the two wire ends together so they don't pull apart while being soldered. If soldering electronic components, simply seat the component wires into the holes of the circuit board where the component is to be placed.
iii.
Touch the hot tip of the soldering iron to all metal parts touching together so they are evenly heated. Allow the surface to heat for just three to five seconds, then touch the tip of the solder to the heated metal objects, not directly to the tip of the soldering iron. Allow a small amount of solder to flow onto the metal components or wires until just enough solder has been applied to cover the entire surface of the wires or components.
iv.
the soldered surface and wipe the tip of the iron on a wet sponge immediately to remove solder. Wiping the solder off the tip will prevent it from burning and forming a black coat on the soldering iron tip.
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Allow the solder joint to cool for several minutes before applying power to the wires or the device soldered.
3.9
Circuit Testing
For testing and improvement process, we took almost four weeks to make it work. In the calendar project activities, we were given four weeks to settle all the testing and improvement process. The purpose of testing the electric was to determined and located any of the following conditions :
1) An open circuit 2) A short circuit with another conductor in the same circuit. 3) A ground, which is a short circuit between the conductor and circuit. 4) Leakage ( a high resistance path across a portion of the circuit, to another circuit, or to ground ). 5) A cross ( a short circuit or leakage between conductors of different circuit )
As a first step, we have done the short circuit testing using an analog multimeter. Before used the multimeter, we set up the multimeter to zero. To pointer the meter exactly on the zero line, we rotate the adjusting screw, Then we connect the multimeter probes to the circuit being tested. After that, we observed the meter needle movement. Luckily the needle does not move, this means circuit was not short.
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Then we move on the second step, which is testing an open circuit. Open circuit test, sometimes called no – load test, is one of the method in electrical engineering order to determine a break exists in a complete conducting pathway. Open circuit can cause by excessive current. Again, multimeter was used to check whether the circuits are open or in normal condition. We only gave the required current to the circuit, so we did not face an open circuit problem. This mean our circuits were in normal condition.
3.10 Troubleshooting
The most problem like the fault soldering. Check all the soldering joint suspicious. If you discover the short track or the short soldering joint, resolder at that point and check other the soldering joint. Check the position of all component on the PCB. See that there are no components missing or inserted in the wrong places. Make sure that all the polarised components have been soldered the right way round.
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3.11 Project Designation
3.11.1 Research and Analysis Project
Research is important to ensure the project that is yet to progress can have a good start so that it would not cost any problem during the project development. So, the vital information such as the circuit, the component usage ,the commercial needs and much are indeed important . It is as the circuit, ensure the can understand more on how important is the project. The source can be obtained from lectures, books and also internet.
3.11.2 The Project Reformation
We must read and understand all data that we have. Data and information have to be compiled and all information we had got had to be arranged systematically for progress. From time all information and data must to upgrade for information and follow the project’s progression.
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3.11.3 Session Discussion and Problem Settle
Discussion session were held every week to discuss the project development. All the problem are discussed so that it can be solved quickly. Problem that can’t be handled were too addressed quickly to the project supervisor. To make the project difficult everything that is going to be done must be planned properly (proper planning). This can ensure the project flow is smooth without any interruptions.
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REFERENCE. . . . . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor http://sfprime.net/pcb-etching/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_fan
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Attachment. . . . .
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