CONSTRUCTION OF AN ACHIEVEMENT TEST
Achievement Achievemen t Test Test •
Any test designed to assess the achievement in any subject with regard to a set of predetermined objectives
Major steps involved in the constrction o! achievement test
"lannin# o! test "reparation o! a desi#n !or the test "reparation o! the $le print %ritin# o! items "reparation o! the scorin# &e' and mar&in# scheme "reparation o! (estion)*ise anal'sis
1. Planning of test •
Objective of the Test
•
Determine the maximum time and maximum marks
2. Preparation of a design for the test
Important factors to be considered in design for the test are:
•
o
Weightage We ightage to objectives
o
Weightage to content
o
Weightage We ightage to form of uestions
o
Weightage We ightage to difficu!ty !eve!"
Weightage to objectives
This indicates what objectives are to be tested and what weightage has to be given to each objectives"
•
Sl+No
O$jectives
Mar&s
"ercenta#e
#
$now!edge
%
#&
&
'nderstanding
&
(
%
App!ication
)
&*
*
Ana!ysis
(
%&
+
,ynthesis
*
#)
)
-va!uation
Total
&
(
,-
.//
Weightage to content
This indicates the various aspects of the content to be tested and the weightage to be given to these different aspects"
•
Sl+No
Content
Mar&s
"ercenta#e
#
,ub topic . #
#+
)/
&
,ub topic . &
#/
*/
,-
.//
Total
Weightage to form of questions •
This indicates the form of the uestions to be inc!uded in the test and the weightage to be given for each form of uestions"
Sl+No
Form o! (estions
No+ o! 0estions
Mar&s
"ercenta#e
#
Objective type
#*
0
&(
&
,hort answer type
0
#*
+)
%
-ssay type
#
*
#)
Total
,,
,-
.//
Weightage to difficulty level
This indicates the tota! mark and weightage to be given to different !eve! of uestions"
•
Sl+No
Form o! (estions
Mar&s
"ercenta#e
#
-asy
+
&/
&
Average Average
#+
)/
%
Difficu!t
+
&/
,-
.//
Total
1+ "reparation o! the $le print •
1!ue print is a three-dimensional chart giving giving the p!acement of the objectives, content and form and form of questions.
O$jectives
2no*led#e
Under) standin#
Applicati Application on Anal'sis Anal'sis S'nthesis S'nthesisEval Evalatio ation n
3rant Total
Form o! 0tn Content
O
,A -
&
O
,A
-
#
O
,-
&
&
- O ,A - O ,A - O
*
&
,A
-
&
S$ Topic) .
S$ Topic 4 ,
Total Total Mar&s
3rand Total
.-
2*3
2&3
#
#
2*3 2#3
&
2#3
*
2#3
2#3
& ./
2&3
2&3
%
/
1
/
2#3
&
/
,
/
&
*
5
2&3
// *
2#3
* /
6
*
/ /
7
&
/
,-
,
4ote: O 5 Objective Type6 Type6 ,A 5 ,hort Answer Answer Type6 Type6 - 5 -ssay Typ Typee The number outside the bracket indicates the marks and those inside indicates the number of uestions" 7+ %ritin# o! items •
The paper setter write items according to the b!ue print"
•
The difficu!ty !eve! has to be considered whi!e writing the items"
•
It shou!d a!so checked whether a!! the uestions inc!uded can be answered within the time a!!otted"
•
It is advisab!e to arrange the uestions in the order of their difficu!ty !eve!"
-+ "reparation o! the scorin# &e' and mar&in# scheme •
•
In the case of objective type items where the answers are in the form of some !etters or other symbo! a scoring key is prepared"
Scorin# 2e'
0+No
Ans*er
Mar&s
#
A
7
&
8
7
%
A
7
*
D
7
+
1
7
•
In the case of short answer and essay type uestions6 the marking scheme is prepared"
•
In preparing marking scheme the examiner has to !ist out the va!ue points to be credited and fix up the mark to be given to each va!ue point"
Mar&in# Scheme
0+No
Vale Vale points p oints
Mar&s
9a!ue oint 5 #
7
9a!ue point 5 &
7
#
Total Mar&s
,
9a!ue point 5 %
7
9a!ue point 5 *
7
9a!ue oint 5 #
7
9a!ue point 5 &
7
&
,
9a!ue point 5 %
7
9a!ue point 5 *
7
5+ "reparation o! 0estion)*ise Anal'sis 0estion)*ise Anal'sis
0+N o
Content
O$jectives
Estimated Time
Form o! 0estions
8i!!iclt' 9evel
Mar& s
Objective Type
-asy
7
#
Objective Type
Average
7
#
: In Mts+;
#
,ub topic 5 # $now!edge
&
,ub Topic 5 &
%
,ub Topic 5 & App!ication
Objective Type
-asy
7
#
*
,ub Topic 5 # $now!edge
Objective Type
-asy
7
#
+
,ub Topic 5 &
'nderstandin g
Objective type
Average
7
#
+
,ub Topic 5 #
Ana!ysis
,hort answer
Average
&
%
)
,ub Topic 5 #
,ynthesis
,hort Answer
Difficu!t
&
%
0
,ub topic 5 & App!ication
,hort answer
-asy
&
%
'nderstandin g
(
,ubtopic 5 #
Ana!ysis
-ssay
Average
*
#/
T<"E OF TEST ITEMS •
Objective type
•
,hort answer type
•
-ssay Type
.+ O=>ECTIVE T<"E •
An objective type of test item is one which the response wi!! be objective"
•
Objective type test item broad!y c!assified into two: o
Supply type ( Recall Type)
o
The respondent have to supp!y the responses"
Selection type ( Recognition Type)
The respondent have to se!ect the responses from among the given responses"
Objective Type – 4 Type
#" True – False Items (Alternate Response Type #" Multiple Choice Items &" Matching Type Items %" Completion Type Test Items
Advantages of Objective Type Type tems •
A !arge amount of study materia! can be tested in a very short period time
•
-conomy of time"
•
Objectivity of scoring"
•
4o b!uffing
•
It reduces the subjective e!ement of the examiner to the minimum"
•
If carefu!!y p!anned6 it can measure the higher menta! process of understanding6 app!ication6 ana!ysis6 prediction and interpretation"
!imitations of Objective Objective type items •
Difficu!ty in preparing good items"
•
rob!em of guessing"
•
rob!em of cheating"
•
Inefficiency in testing comp!icated ski!!s
•
;igh printing cost"
•
-mphasis on testing superficia! know!edge"
,+ Short ans*er t'pe •
A uestion reuiring three va!ue points at most may be defined as a short answer uestion"
•
9a!ue 9a!ue points diminish the subjectivity"
•
;e!p in ensuring wide coverage of content"
Advantages of "hort ans#er ans#er Type tems •
•
•
-asy to construct6 because it measures a re!ative!y simp!e outcomes"
•
It can be made uit objective by carefu!!y fixing the va!ue points"
•
'sefu! in eva!uating the abi!ity to interpret diagrams6 charts6 graphs6 etc"
•
If carefu!!y prepared6 deep !eve! objectives understanding6 app!ication and prob!em so!ving ski!! can be eva!uated"
!imitations of "hort "hort ans#er Type Type tems •
It is more subjective than the objective type of items"
•
It may encourage student to memories fact and deve!op poor study habits"
•
=echanica! scoring is not possib!e
1+ Essa' t'pe •
It is free response test item"
•
;e!p in ensuring a wide coverage of content and variety of objectives"
•
;e!p in eva!uating comp!ex ski!!s"
Advantages $ssay $ssay Type Type tems •
-asy to prepare"
•
'sefu! in measuring certain abi!ities and ski!!s"
•
ermit the examinee to write down comprehensive!y what he knows about something"
•
romote origina!ity and creative thinking"
•
ossibi!ity of guess work can be e!iminated"
•
>educe chance on the spot copying"
•
!imitations of $ssay $ssay Type tems •
=inimum va!idity"
•
•
•
4o objectivity" >ote memory is encouraged"
•
It is a time consuming test item"
