CONFLICT OF LAWS (BAR QUESTIONS Year 1990-2006) Appilicable Laws; laws governing contracts (1992) X and Y enered !n" a #"nra# !n A$%ra&!a' ere*+ ! a% a,reed a X "$&d *$!&d a #"er#!a& *$!&d!n, ."r Y !n e /!&!!n /!&!!ne%' e%' and !n a+en a+en ."r e #"n%r$#! #"n%r$#!"n' "n' Y !&& ran%.er and #"ne+ !% #a&e ran# &"#aed !n e Un!ed Sae% !n .a"r ". X Wa &a "$&d "$&d ,"ern3 a) Te a&!d!+ ". e #"nra#4 *) Te er."ran#e ". e #"nra#4 #) #) Te #"n%!dera!"n ". e #"nra#4 SUGGESTED ANSE!" (a) T#e vali$it% o& t#e contract will be governe$ b% A'stralian law beca'se t#e vali$it% re&ers to t#e eleent o& t#e a*ing o& t#e contract in t#is case+ (,ptional A$$en$'"-+++ 'nless t#e parties agree$ to be bo'n$ b% anot#er law-+. (b) T#e per&orance will be governe$ b% t#e law o& t#e /#ilippines w#ere t#e contract is to be per&ore$+ (c) T#e consi$eration consi$eration will be governe$ governe$ b% t#e law o& t#e Unite$ States States w#ere w#ere t#e ranc# is locate$ locate$++ (,ption (,ptional al A$$en$' A$$en$'" " 0n t#e &oregoing cases w#en t#e &oreign law wo'l$ appl% t#e absence o& proo& o& t#at &oreign law wo'l$ ren$er /#ilippine law applicable 'n$er t#e -eclectic t#eor%-+) A&!#a*&e La%5 Ar% 1' 16 7 18 (199) :$an !% a F!&!!n" #!!;en re%!d!n, !n T"<+"' T"<+"' :aan Sae a &a% ,"ern3 =!% #aa#!+ " #"nra# arr!a,e !n :aan' > 1?@ =!% %$##e%%!"n %$##e%%!"na& a& r!,% r!,% a% re,ard% re,ard% !% de#ea%ed de#ea%ed F!&!!n" F!&!!n" .aer% r"er+ !n Tea%' USA >1?@ Te er!n%!# a&!d!+ ". e &a% !&& and e%aen !# :$an ee#$ed !&e !&e %""$rn!n, !n S!;er&and S!;er&and >2?@ Te !nr!n%!# a&!d!+ ". %a!d !&& (1?) SUGGESTED ANSE!" 1+ 'ans capacit% to contract arriage is governe$ governe$ b% /#ilippine law 3i+e+ t#e 4ail% 5o$e 3p'rs'ant to Art+ 16 5ivil 5o$e w#ic# w#ic# provi$e provi$es s t#at o'r laws relating relating to aong ot#ers ot#ers legal legal capacit% capacit% o& persons persons are bin$ing bin$ing 'pon citi7ens citi7ens o& t#e /#ilippines /#ilippines even t#o'g# living abroa$+ SUGGESTED ANSE!"
2+ 8% wa% o& eception to t#e general r'le o& le rei sitae prescribe$ b% t#e :rst paragrap# o& Art+ 1+ 5ivil 5o$e a persons s'ccessional rig#ts are governe$ b% t#e national law o& t#e $ece$ent (2n$ par++ Art+ Art+ 1)+ Since 'ans 'ans $ecease$ $ecease$ &at#er &at#er was a 4ilipin 4ilipino o citi7en citi7en /#ilippine law governs 'ans s'ccessional rig#ts+ AN,T
9 an$ t#e secon$ paragrap# o& Article 1 bot# bot# o& t#e 5ivil 5o$e+ 5o$e+ Articl Article e 1=>9 1=>9 5ivil 5ivil 5o$e 5o$e provi provi$e $es s t#at t#at capacit% to s'ccee$ s#all be governe$ b% t#e -law o& t#e nation- o& t#e $ece$ent i+e++ #is national law+ Article 1 provi$es in paragrap# two t#at t#e ao'nt o& s'ccessional rig#ts or$er o& s'ccession an$ intrinsic vali$it% o& testaentar% s'ccession s#all be governe$ b% t#e -national law- o& t#e $ece$ent w#o is i$enti:e$ as a 4ilipino in t#e present proble+ SUGGESTED ANSE!" >+ T#e etrinsic etrinsic vali$it% o& 'ans will is governe$ governe$ b% (a) Swiss law it being t#e law w#ere t#e will was a$e (Art+ 1?+ 1st par+ 5ivil 5o$e) or (b) /#ilippine law b% iplication &ro t#e provisions o& Art+ @1 5ivil 5o$e w#ic# allows even an alien w#o is abroa$ to a*e a will in con&orit% wit# o'r 5ivil 5o$e+ SUGGESTED ANSE!" + T#e intrinsic vali$it% o& #is will is governe$ b% /#ilippine law it being #is national law+ (Art+ 1 5ivil 5o$e) A&!#a*&e La%5 Ar% 1' 16' 18 (2002) Fe&!e Fe&!e and Fe&!%a' Fe&!%a' *" F!&!!n" #!!;en%' #!!;en%' ere arr!ed !n Da&"&"%' B$&a#an "n :$ne 1' 190 In 1960 Fe&!e en " e Un!ed Sae%' *e#"!n, a US #!!;en !n 198 In 190 e+ "*a!ned a d!"r#e .r" Fe&!%a' " a% d$&+ n"!ed ". e r"#eed!n,% Te d!"r#e de#ree *e#ae na& $nder Ca&!."rn! Ca&!."rn!a a La La C"!n, C"!n, *a#< " e /!&!!ne% /!&!!ne% !n 192' Fe&!e arr!ed Sa,$nd!na' a F!&!!n" C!!;en In 2001' F!&!e' en d"!#!&ed !n L"% An,e&e%' Ca&!."rn!a' d!ed' &ea!n, "ne #!&d *+ Fe&!%a' and an"er "ne *+ Sa,$nd!na =e &e. a !&& !# e &e. !% e%ae " Sa,$nd!na and !% " #!&dren and n"!n, " Fe&!%a Fe&!%a Sa,$nd!na Sa,$nd!na &e% a e!!"n e!!"n ."r e r"*a r"*ae e ". Fe&! Fe&!e% e% !&& !&& Fe&!% Fe&!%a a G$e%! G$e%!"n% "n% e !nr!n !nr!n%!# %!# a&!d! a&!d!+ + ". e !&&' !&&' ar,$! ar,$!n, n, a a er arr! arr!a,e a,e " Fe&! Fe&!e e %$*%!%ed de%!e e d!"r#e "*a!ned *+ Fe&!e *e#a$%e %a!d d!"r#e !% n" re#",n!;ed !n e /!&!!ne% F"r !% rea%"n' %e #&a!% a e r"er!e% and a Sa,$nd!na a% n" %$##e%%!"na& r!,%
A I% e d!"r#e %e#$red *+ Fe&!e !n Ca&!."rn!a re#",n!;a*&e and a&!d !n e /!&!!ne%4 =" d"e% ! aHe# Fe&!e% arr!a,e " Fe&!%a4 E&a!n (2?) B Wa &a ,"ern% e ."ra&!!e% ". e !&&4 E&a!n (1?) C W!&& /!&!!ne &a ,"ern e !nr!n%!# a&!d!+ ". e !&&4 E&a!n (2?)
SUGGESTED ANSE!" A+ (1+) T#e $ivorce sec're$ b% 4elipe in 5ali&ornia is recogni7able an$ vali$ in t#e /#ilippines beca'se #e was no longer a 4ilipino at t#at tie #e sec're$ it Aliens a% obtain $ivorces abroa$ w#ic# a% be recogni7e$ in t#e /#ilippines provi$e$ t#at t#e% are vali$ accor$ing to t#eir national law (Ban Dorn B+ !oillo r+ 1>9 S5!A 1>9 C19@6; 'ita v+ 5o'rt o& Appeals >== S5!A = C199@; Llorente v+ 5o'rt o& Appeals >6 S5!A 696 C2=== )+ (2)+ it# respect to 4elipe t#e $ivorce is vali$ b't wit# respect to 4elisa it is not+ T#e $ivorce will not capacitate 4elisa to rearr% beca'se s#e an$ 4elipe were bot# 4ilipinos at t#e tie o& t#eir arriage+ series o& 199> 4elisa is allowe$ to rearr% beca'se t#e inF'stice so'g#t to be correcte$ b% Article 2 also obtains in #er case+ SUGGESTED ANSE!" 8+ T#e &oreigner w#o eec'tes #is will in t#e /#ilippines a% observe$ t#e &oralities $escribe$ in" 1+ T#e Law o& t#e co'ntr% o& w#ic# #e is a citi7en 'n$er Article @1? o& t#e New 5ivil 5o$e or 2+ t#e law o& t#e /#ilippines being t#e law o& t#e place o& eec'tion 'n$er Article 1? o& t#e New 5ivil 5o$e+ SUGGESTED ANSE!" 5+ /#ilippine law will not govern t#e intrinsic vali$it% o& t#e will+ Article 1 o& t#e New 5ivil 5o$e provi$es t#at intrinsic vali$it% o& testaentar% provisions s#all be governe$ b% t#e National Law o& t#e person w#ose s'ccession is 'n$er consi$eration+ 5ali&ornia law will govern t#e intrinsic vali$it% o& t#e will+ A&!#a*&e La%5 Caa#!+ " A# (199) Fran#!% A&*er' a #!!;en and re%!den ". Ne :er%e+' USA' $nder "%e &a e a% %!&& a !n"r' *e!n, "n&+ 20 +ear% ". a,e' a% !red *+ ABC C"r"ra!"n ". Dan!&a " %ere ."r
" +ear% a% !% #!e. #"$er r",raer B$ a.er %er!n, ."r "n&+ ."$r "n%' e re%!,ned " "!n XY C"r"ra!"n' !# en!#ed ! *+ "Her!n, "re adana,e"$% er% =!% r% e&"+er %$e% ! !n Dan!&a ."r daa,e% ar!%!n, .r" e *rea# ". !% #"nra# ". e&"+en =e %e% $ !% !n"r!+ a% a de.en%e and a%<% ."r ann$&en ". e #"nra# "n a ,r"$nd Te &a!n!H d!%$e% !% *+ a&&e,!n, a %!n#e e #"nra# a% ee#$ed !n e /!&!!ne% $nder "%e &a e a,e ". a"r!+ !% 1 +ear%' e a% n" &"n,er a !n"r a e !e ". er.e#!"n ". e #"nra# W!&& e %$! r"%er4 >J?@ S$"%e XY C"r"ra!"n !% !&eaded a% a #"de.endan' a "$&d *e e *a%!% ". !% &!a*!&!+' !. an+4 >2?@ SUGGESTED ANSE!" 1+ T#e s'it will not prosper 'n$er Article 16 5ivil 5o$e New erse% law governs 4rancis Alberts capacit% to act being #is personal law &ro t#e stan$point o& bot# #is nationalit% an$ #is $oicile+
2+ IJK 5orporation #aving entice$ 4rancis Albert to brea* #is contract wit# t#e plainti a% be #el$ liable &or $aages 'n$er Art+ 1>1 5ivil 5o$e+ ALTE!NAT0BE ANSE!" 2+ T#e basis o& liabilit% o& IJK 5orporation wo'l$ be Article 2@ o& t#e 5ivil 5o$e w#ic# states t#at" -Un&air copetition in agric'lt'ral coercial or in$'strial enterprises or in labor t#ro'g# t#e 'se o& &orce intii$ation $eceit ac#ination or an% ot#er 'nF'st oppressive or #ig##an$e$ et#o$ s#all give rise to a rig#t o& action b% t#e person w#o t#ereb% s'ers $aage+AN,T
t#e N55 t#e capacit% o& persons in transactions involving title to propert% is governe$ b% t#e law o& t#e co'ntr% w#ere t#e propert% is sit'ate$+ Since t#e propert% is in t#e /#ilippines /#ilippine law governs t#e capacit% o& t#e seller+ A&!#a*&e La%5 #aa#!+ " %$##eed (1991) :a#"*' a S!%% na!"na&' arr!ed L"$rde%' a F!&!!na' !n Berne' S!;er&and Tree +ear% &aer' e #"$&e de#!ded " re%!de !n e /!&!!ne% :a#"* %$*%eG$en&+ a#G$!red %eera& r"er!e% !n e /!&!!ne% ! e "ne+ e !ner!ed .r" !% aren% F"r+ +ear% &aer :a#"* d!ed !ne%ae' and !% %$r!ed *+ %eera& &e,!!ae #!&dren and d$&+ re#",n!;ed !&&e,!!ae da$,er :ane' a&& re%!d!n, !n e /!&!!ne% (a) S'ppose t#at Swiss law $oes not allow illegitiate c#il$ren to in#erit can ane w#o is a recogni7e$ illegitiate c#il$ in#erit part o& t#e properties o& acob 'n$er /#ilippine law (b) Ass'ing t#at acob eec'te$ a will leaving certain properties to ane as #er legitie in accor$ance wit# t#e law o& s'ccession in t#e /#ilippines will s'c# testaentar% $isposition be vali$ SUGGESTED ANSE!" A+ Jes+ As state$ in t#e proble+ Swiss law $oes not allow illegitiate c#il$ren to in#erit
e #"nra# *$ en %e re$rned " e /!&!!ne%' %e deanded a+en ". e %a&ar+ d!Heren!a& ". USM0000 a "n B" Kra,"n Ser!#e%' Ld and !% &"#a& a,en #&a!ed a e %e#"nd #"nra# !% a&!d $nder e &a% ". ="n,<"n,' and ere."re *!nd!n, "n A&a I% e!r #&a! #"rre#4 E&a!n SUGGESTED ANSE!" T#eir clai is not correct+ A contract is t#e law between t#e parties b't t#e law can $isregar$ t#e contract i& it is contrar% to p'blic polic%+ T#e provisions o& t#e 19@? 5onstit'tion on t#e protection o& labor an$ on social F'stice (Sec+ 1=+ Art 00) ebo$% a p'blic polic% o& t#e /#ilippines+ Since t#e application o&
ALTE!NAT0BE ANSE!S; a) T#eir clai is not correct+ Ass'ing t#at t#e secon$ contract is bin$ing 'n$er
A&!#a*&e La%5 C"nra#% ". Carr!a,e (199) On Ke#e*er 1991 ane%%a $r#a%ed .r" e Dan!&a "P#e ". E$r"-A!re an a!r&!ne !#
SUGGESTED ANSE!" Banessa can recover $aages 'n$er /#ilippine law &or breac# o& contract o& carriage /#ilippine law s#o'l$ govern as t#e law o& t#e place w#ere t#e plane tic*ets were bo'g#t an$ t#e contract o& carriage was eec'te$+ 0n a&aea S'pree 5o'rt applie$ /#ilippine law in recover% o& $aages &or breac# o& contract o& carriage &or t#e reason t#at it is t#e law o& t#e place w#ere t#e contract was eec'te$+ ALTE!NAT0BE ANSE!" 0& t#e violation o& t#e contract was atten$e$ wit# ba$ &ait# t#ere is a gro'n$ to recover oral $aages+ 8't since t#ere was a &e$eral reg'lation w#ic# was t#e basis o& t#e act coplaine$ o& t#e airline cannot be in ba$ &ait#+
$nder !# e &aer a% !red a% a %earde%% "n e a!r#ra. +!n, e Dan!&a-:aan-Dan!&a r"$e Te #"nra% %e#!#a&&+ r"!de% a (1) e d$ra!"n ". e #"nra# %a&& *e " (2) +ear%' (2) n"!%and!n, e a*"e d$ra!"n' :AL a+ er!nae e a,reeen a an+ !e *+ ,!!n, er n"!#e !n r!!n, en (10) da+% !n adan#e' and (J) e #"nra# %a&& *e #"n%r$ed a% ,"erned $nder and *+ e &a% ". :aan and "n&+ e #"$r !n T"<+"' :aan %a&& ae e $r!%d!#!"n " #"n%!der an+ aer ar!%!n, .r" "r re&a!n, " e #"nra# :AL d!%!%%ed Dar!e%% "n e ."$r "n ". er e&"+en !"$ ,!!n, er d$e n"!#e Dar!e%% en &ed a #"&a!n ! e La*"r Ar*!er ."r re!n%aeen' *a#<a,e% and daa,e% Te &a+er ". :AL #"nend% a ne!er e La*"r Ar*!er n"r an+ "er a,en#+ "r #"$r !n e /!&!!ne% a% $r!%d!#!"n "er e #a%e !n !e ". e a*"e r"!%!"n (J) ". e #"nra# !# Dar!e%% "&$nar!&+ %!,ned Te #"nra# !% e &a *eeen er and :AL Ke#!de e !%%$e B Were $nder a Sae% "n #"n!#% r$&e a d"e%!# &a ". an"er Sae %"$&d a&+' a+ e #"$r% ". e ."rer neere&e%% re.$%e " a&+ e &aer4 I. %"' $nder a #!r#$%an#e4 SUGGESTED ANSE!" A Labor Legislations are generall% inten$e$ as epressions o& p'blic polic% on eplo%er3eplo%ee relations+ T#e contract t#ere&ore between apan Air Lines (AL) an$ Haritess a% appl% onl% to t#e etent t#at its provisions are not inconsistent wit# /#ilippine labor laws inten$e$ partic'larl% to protect eplo%ees+ Un$er t#e circ'stances t#e $isissal o& Haritess wit#o't copl%ing wit# /#ilippine Labor law wo'l$ be invali$ an$ an% stip'lation in t#e contract to t#e contrar% is consi$ere$ voi$+ Since t#e law o& t#e &or' in t#is case is t#e /#ilippine law t#e iss'es s#o'l$3be resolve$ in accor$ance wit# /#ilippine law+ 8+ T#e t#ir$ paragrap# o& Art+ 1? o& t#e 5ivil 5o$e provi$es t#at" -/ro#ibitive laws concerning persons t#eir acts or propert% an$ t#ose w#ic# #ave &or t#eir obFect p'blic or$er p'blic polic% an$ goo$ c'stos s#all not be ren$ere$ ineective b% laws or F'$gents pro'lgate$ or b% $eterinations or conventions agree$ 'pon in a &oreign co'ntr%+Accor$ingl% a states own conMict o& laws r'le a% eceptionall% be inapplicable given p'blic polic% consi$erations b% t#e law o& t#e &or'+ Going into t#e speci:c provisions o& t#e contract in 'estion 0 wo'l$ r'le as &ollows"
T#e $'ration o& t#e contract is not oppose$ to /#ilippine law an$ it can t#ere&ore be vali$ as stip'late$; T#e secon$ provision to t#e eect t#at notwit#stan$ing $'ration apan Air Lines (AL) a% terinate #er eplo%ent is invali$ being inconsistent wit# o'r Labor laws; T#at t#e contract s#all be constr'e$ as governe$ 'n$er an$ b% t#e laws o& apan an$ onl% t#e co'rts o& To*%o apan s#all #ave F'ris$iction is invali$ as clearl% oppose$ to t#e a&orecite$ t#ir$ paragrap# o& Arts+ 1? an$ 1?== o& t#e 5ivil 5o$e w#ic# provi$es" -Art+ 1?==+ T#e relations between capital an$ labor are not erel% contract'al+ T#e% are so ipresse$ wit# p'blic interest t#at labor contracts 'st %iel$ to t#e coon goo$+ T#ere&ore s'c# contracts are s'bFect to t#e special laws on labor 'nions collective bargaining stri*es an$ loc*o'ts close$ s#op wages wor*ing con$itions #o'rs o& labor an$ siilar s'bFects+ALTE!NAT0BE ANSE!; A+ #en a contract #as a &oreign eleent s'c# as in t#e &act'al setting state$ in t#e proble w#ere one o& t#e parties is a &oreign corporation t#e contract can be s'staine$ as vali$ partic'larl% t#e stip'lation epressing t#at t#e contract is governe$ b% t#e laws o& t#e &oreign co'ntr%+ Given t#is generall% accepte$ principle o& international law t#e contract between Haritess an$ AL is vali$ an$ it s#o'l$ t#ere&ore be en&orce$+ A&!#a*&e La%5 &a% ,"ern!n, arr!a,e% (1992) In 199' Dar!%' a F!&!!n" #!!;en' arr!ed er *"%% :"n%"n' an Aer!#an #!!;en' !n T"<+" !n a edd!n, #ere"n+ #e&e*raed a##"rd!n, " :aane%e &a% One +ear &aer' :"n%"n re$rned " !% na!e Neada' and e a&!d&+ "*a!ned !n a %ae an a*%"&$e d!"r#e .r" !% !.e Dar!% A.er Dar!% re#e!ed e na& $d,en ". d!"r#e' %e arr!ed er #!&d""d %eeear /edr"' a&%" a F!&!!n" #!!;en' !n a re&!,!"$% #ere"n+ !n Ce*$ C!+' #e&e*raed a##"rd!n, " e ."ra&!!e% ". /!&!!ne &a /edr" &aer &e. ."r e Un!ed Sae% and *e#ae na$ra&!;ed a% an Aer!#an #!!;en Dar!% ."&&"ed /edr" " e Un!ed Sae%' and a.er a %er!"$% G$arre&' Dar!% &ed a %$! and "*a!ned a d!"r#e de#ree !%%$ed *+ e #"$r !n e %ae ". Dar+&and Dar!% en re$rned " e /!&!!ne% and !n a #!!& #ere"n+ #e&e*raed !n Ce*$ C!+ a##"rd!n, " e ."ra&!!e% ". /!&!!ne &a' %e arr!ed er ."rer #&a%%ae !n#en &!
arr!a,e ". Dar!% and :"n%"n a&!d en #e&e*raed4 I% e!r arr!a,e %!&& a&!d&+ e!%!n, n"4 Rea%"n% SUGGESTED ANSE!" (a) T#e arriage o& Hans an$ o#nson was vali$ w#en celebrate$ beca'se all arriages soleni7e$ o'tsi$e t#e /#ilippines (To*%o) in accor$ance wit# t#e laws in &orce in t#e co'ntr% w#ere t#e% are soleni7e$ (apan) an$ vali$ t#ere as s'c# are also vali$ in t#e /#ilippines+ T#eir arriage no longer vali$l% s'bsists beca'se it #as been $issolve$ b% t#e absol'te $ivorce vali$l% obtaine$ b% o#nson w#ic# capacitate$ Haris to rearr% (Art+ 2+ 4ail% 5o$e)+ A&!#a*&e La%5 &a% ,"ern!n, arr!a,e% (200J) ene and :ane' F!&!!n"' e and ," arr!ed !n En,&and !&e *" ere a
A&!#a*&e La%5 Sa&e ". Rea& /r"er+ (199) W!&e !n A.,an!%an' a :aane%e *+ e nae ". Sa" %"&d " Ra"n#!"' a F!&!!n"' a ar#e& ". &and %!$aed !n e /!&!!ne% !# Sa" !ner!ed .r" !% F!&!!n" "er 1 Wa &a ,"ern% e ."ra&!+ !n e ee#$!"n ". e #"nra# ". %a&e4 E&a!n +"$r an%er and ,!e !% &e,a& *a%!% 2 SUGGESTED ANSE!" Un$er Art+ 1 par+ 1 N55 real propert% is s'bFect to t#e >+ T#e $istrib'tion o& t#e personal properties in Geran% law o& t#e co'ntr% w#ere it is sit'ate$+ Since t#e propert% is sit'ate$ in t#e /#ilippines /#ilippine law applies+ T#e r'le o& le rei sitae in Article 1 prevails over le loci contract' in Article 1? o& t#e N55+ ALTE!NAT0BE ANSE!" A&g#anistan law governs t#e &oral re'ireents o& t#e contract since t#e eec'tion is in A&g#anistan+ Art+ 1? o& t#e 5ivil 5o$e provi$es t#at t#e &ors an$ solenities o& contracts wills an$ ot#er p'blic instr'ents s#all be governe$ b% t#e laws o& t#e co'ntr% in w#ic# t#e% are eec'te$+
A&!#a*&e La%5 S$#e%%!"n ". A&!en% (199) D!#e&&e' e Fren# da$,er ". /enre!#' a eran na!"na&' d!ed !n Sa!n &ea!n, rea& r"er!e% !n e /!&!!ne% a% e&& a% a&$a*&e er%"na& r"er!e% !n eran+
Jes+ Un$er Articles @16 an$ 1? o& t#e 5ivil 5o$e t#e &oralit% o& t#e eec'tion o& a will is governe$ b% t#e law o& t#e place o& eec'tion+ 0& t#e will was eec'te$ wit# t#e &oralities prescribe$ b% t#e laws o& Q'wait an$ vali$ t#ere as s'c# t#e will is vali$ an$ a% be probate$ in t#e /#ilippines+
1 Wa &a deer!ne% " %a&& %$##eed e de#ea%ed4 E&a!n +"$r an%er and ,!e !% &e,a& *a%!%
Ken!!"n5 C",n"!5 B"rr"!n, Sa$e5 Cara#er!;a!"n(199M) In /r!ae Inerna!"na& La (C"n!# ". La%) a !%3 1 C",n"!4 2) A *"rr"!n, %a$e4 J) Cara#er!;a!"n4
2 Wa &a re,$&ae% e d!%r!*$!"n ". e rea& r"er!e% !n e /!&!!ne%4 E&a!n +"$r an%er and ,!e !% &e,a& *a%!% J Wa &a ,"ern% e d!%r!*$!"n ". e er%"na& r"er!e% !n eran+4 E&a!n +"$r an%er and ,!e !% &e,a& *a%!% SUGGESTED ANSE!" Ass'ing t#at t#e estate o& t#e $ece$ent is being settle$ in t#e /#ilippines) 1+ T#e national law o& t#e $ece$ent (4renc# law) s#all govern in $eterining w#o will s'ccee$ to #is estate+ T#e legal basis is Art+ 1 par+ 2 N55+ ALTE!NAT0BE ANSE!" 4renc# law s#all govern t#e $istrib'tion o& #is real properties in t#e /#ilippines ecept w#en t#e real propert% is lan$ w#ic# a% be transitte$ to a &oreigner onl% b% #ere$itar% s'ccession+ SUGGESTED ANSE!" 2+ T#e $istrib'tion o& t#e real properties in t#e /#ilippines s#all be governe$ b% 4renc# law+ T#e legal basis is Art+ 1 N55)+ SUGGESTED ANSE!" s#all be governe$ b% 4renc# law+ T#e legal basis is Art+ 1 N55)+ A&!#a*&e La%5 W!&&% ee#$ed a*r"ad (199J) A' a F!&!!n"' ee#$ed a !&& !n $a! !&e ere a% a #"nra# "r
SUGGESTED ANSE!" 1) a) 5,GN,B0T is a con&ession o& F'$gent w#ereb% a portion o& t#e coplaint is con&esse$ b% t#e $e&en$ant w#o $enies t#e rest t#ereo& (/#ilippine law Dictionar% >r$ E$+) (,capo v+ 4lorenciano L3H 1>66> 2R2>R6=)+ b) 5,GN,B0T is a -stateent o& con&ession- ,&tenties it is re&erre$ to as a -power o& attorne%- or sipl% as a -power- it is t#e written a't#orit% o& t#e $ebtor an$ #is $irection to t#e cler* o& t#e $istrict co'rt or F'stice o& t#e peace to enter F'$gent against t#e $ebtor as state$ t#erein+ (or$s an$ /#rases vol+ ? pp+ 11631)+ c) 5,GN,B0T is a plea in an action w#ic# ac*nowle$ges t#at t#e $e&en$ant $i$ 'n$erta*e an$ proise as t#e plainti in its $eclaration #as allege$ an$ t#at it cannot $en% t#at it owes an$ 'nF'stl% $etains &ro t#e plainti t#e s' claie$ b% #i in #is $eclaration an$ consents t#at F'$gent be entere$ against t#e $e&en$ant &or a certain s'+ Cor$s an$ /#rases vol+ ? pp+ 1163 1)+ $) 5,GN,B0T is a note a't#ori7ing a law%er &or con&ession o& F'$gent b% $e&en$ant+ 2) -8,!!,0NG STATUTE- 3Laws o& t#e state or F'ris$iction 'se$ b% anot#er state in $eci$ing conMicts 'estione$ involve$ in t#e c#oice o& law (8lac*s Law Dictionar% 6t# e$+ 19?9)+ >) a) -5
1) a) 4,!UH N,N 5,NBEN0ENS is a principle in /rivate 0nternational Law t#at w#ere t#e en$s o& F'stice strongl% in$icate t#at t#e controvers% a% be ore s'itabl% trie$ elsew#ere t#en F'ris$iction s#o'l$ be $ecline$ an$ t#e parties relegate$ to relie& to be so'g#t in anot#er &or'+ (Horeno+ /#ilippine Law Dictionar% p+ 26 19@2 e$+)+ b) #ere in a broa$ sense t#e en$s o& F'stice strongl% in$icate t#at t#e controvers% a% be ore s'itabl% trie$ elsew#ere t#en F'ris$iction s#o'l$ be $ecline$ an$ t#e parties relegate$ to relie& to be so'g#t in anot#er &or'+ (
(*) W"$&d e ren"! d"#r!ne ae an+ re&ean#e " e #a%e4 SUGGESTED ANSE!" (a) Jes beca'se /#il law recogni7es t#e $ivorce between Hario an$ 5lara as vali$+ SUGGESTED ANSE!" (b) No T#e renvoi $octrine is relevant in cases w#ere one co'ntr% applies t#e $oiciliar% t#eor% an$ t#e ot#er t#e nationalit% t#eor% an$ t#e iss'e involve$ is w#ic# o& t#e laws o& t#e two co'ntries s#o'l$ appl% to $eterine t#e or$er o& s'ccession t#e ao'nt o& s'ccessional rig#ts or t#e intrinsic vali$it% o& testaentar% provisions+ S'c# iss'e is not involve$ in t#is case+
ALTE!NAT0BE ANSE!" Jes+ -!envoi- 3 w#ic# eans -re&erring bac*- is relevant beca'se #ere we are appl%ing U+S+ law to Hario being alrea$% its citi7en alt#o'g# t#e &oralities o& t#e secon$ arriage will be governe$ b% /#ilippine law 'n$er t#e principle o& le loci celebrationis+ K"!#!&!ar+ e"r+ % Na!"na&!+ Te"r+ (200M) K!%!n,$!% *r!e+ *$ #&ear&+ *eeen3 K"!#!&!ar+ e"r+ and na!"na&!+ e"r+ ". er%"na& &a (?) SUGGESTED ANSE!" D,H050L0A!J T
r"$, de"%!% !n a##"$n% a e "ened !n e " #!!e% B" r% a!d Fe&!e !% #"!%%!"n ."r ."$r "n%' a.er !# e+ %"ed a+!n, ! Fe&!e &earned .r" !% #"na#%' " are re%!den% ". S+dne+ and D"%#"' a e " r% a&199J@) it is t#e law o& t#e place w#ere t#e airline tic*et was iss'e$ w#ere t#e passengers are nationals an$ resi$ents o& an$ w#ere t#e $e&en$ant airline copan% aintaine$ its oPce+ ALTE!NAT0BE ANSE!" A+ Un$er t#e $octrine o& le loci contract's as a general r'le t#e law o& t#e place w#ere a contract is a$e or entere$ into governs wit# respect to its nat're an$ vali$it% obligation an$ interpretation+ T#is #as been sai$ to be t#e r'le even t#o'g# t#e place w#ere t#e contract was a$e is $ierent &ro t#e place w#ere it is to be per&ore$ an$ partic'larl% so i& t#e place o& t#e a*ing an$ t#e place o& per&orance are t#e sae (Un!ed A!r&!ne CA' R N" 12M110' Ar!& 20' 2001) SUGGESTED ANSE!" 8+ 4,!UH N,N 5,NBEN0ENS eans t#at a co'rt #as $iscretionar% a't#orit% to $ecline F'ris$iction over a ca'se o& action w#en it is o&
t#e view t#at t#e action a% be F'stl% an$ eectivel% a$F'$icate$ elsew#ere+ SUGGESTED ANSE!" 5+ No t#e /#ilippine co'rts cannot ac'ire F'ris$iction over t#e case o& 4elipe+ 4irstl% 'n$er t#e r'le o& &or' non conveniens t#e /#ilippine co'rt is not a convenient &or' as all t#e inci$ents o& t#e case occ'rre$ o'tsi$e t#e /#ilippines+ Neit#er are bot# 5oals an$ Energ% $oing b'siness insi$e t#e /#ilippines+ Secon$l% t#e contracts were not per&ecte$ in t#e /#ilippines+ Un$er t#e principle o& le loci contract's t#e law o& t#e place w#ere t#e contract is a$e s#all appl%+ Lastl% t#e /#ilippine co'rt #as no power to $eterine t#e &acts s'rro'n$ing t#e eec'tion o& sai$ contracts+ An$ even i& a proper $ecision co'l$ be reac#e$ s'c# wo'l$ #ave no bi$ing eect on 5oals an$ Energ% as t#e co'rt was not able to ac'ire F'ris$iction over t#e sai$ corporations+ (Dan!&a ="e& C"r NLRC JMJ SCRA 1' 1J1M>2000@) Na!"na&!+ Te"r+ (200M) /= and L are = C!ne%e Te!r aren% are n" F!&!!n" #!!;en% " &!e !n Dan!&a W!&e %!&& %$den% !n DNS Sae' e+ ," arr!ed a&"$, e+ are r% #"$%!n% I aear% a *" !n = and !n DNS Sae r% #"$%!n% #"$&d arr+ &e,a&&+ Te+ &an " re%!de and %e $ *$%!ne%% !n e /!&!!ne% B$ e+ ae *een !n."red' "eer' a e arr!a,e ". r% #"$%!n% ere !% #"n%!dered "!d .r" e *e,!nn!n, *+ rea%"n ". $*&!# "&!#+ Te+ are !n a d!&ea Te+ d"n an " *rea< /!&!!ne &a' $# &e%% e!r arr!a,e " Te+ %ee< +"$r ad!#e "n eer e!r #!!& %a$% !&& *e ader%e&+ aHe#ed *+ /!&!!ne d"e%!# &a4 Wa !% +"$r ad!#e4 (?) SUGGESTED ANSE!" H% a$vise is as &ollows" T#e civil stat's o& /< an$ LB will not be a$versel% aecte$ b% /#ilippine law beca'se t#e% are nationals o& ) D!%% Un!er%e' .r" F!n&and' #ae " e /!&!!ne% "n a "$r!% !%a W!&e !n !% #"$nr+' %e .e&& !n &"e ! and arr!ed a F!&!!n" d"#"r =er "$r!% !%a a!n, *een
e!red and a.er e a!$ een%!"n a&&"ed ere."re' e B$rea$ ". I!,ra!"n and Ke"ra!"n (BIK) !% re%en&+ deand!n, a %e !ed!ae&+ &eae e #"$nr+ *$ %e re.$%e% " d" %"' #&a!!n, a %e !% a&read+ a F!&!!n" C!!;en *+ er arr!a,e " a F!&!!n" #!!;en Can e BIK %!&& "rder e de"ra!"n ". D!%% Un!er%e4 E&a!n ? SUGGESTED ANSE!" Jes t#e 80D can or$er t#e $eportation o& Hiss Universe+ T#e arriage o& an alien woan to a 4ilipino $oes not a'toaticall% a*e #er a 4ilipino 5iti7en+ S#e 'st :rst prove in an appropriate procee$ing t#at s#e $oes not #ave an% $is'ali:cation &or /#ilippine citi7ens#ip+ (Y$n, Uan C$ Re$*&!# ". e /!&!!ne%' 1 SCRA 9J >19@)+ Since Hiss Universe is still a &oreigner $espite #er arriage to a 4ilipino $octor s#e can be $eporte$ 'pon epir% o& #er allowable sta% in t#e /#ilippines+ AN,T1981@)' (Se# M' Na$ra&!;a!"n La) All t#at s#e #as to $o is prove in t#e $eportation procee$ing t#e &act o& #er arriage an$ t#at s#e is not $is'ali:e$ to becoe a 4ilipino 5iti7en+ AN,T
SUGGESTED ANSE!" a) Using t#e -SINIFICANT RELATIONS!IPS T!EOR" - t#ere are contacts signi:cant to t#e /#ilippines+ Aong t#ese are t#at t#e place o& b'siness is t#e /#ilippines t#e eplo%ee concerne$ is a 4ilipino an$ t#e s'it was :le$ in t#e /#ilippines t#ereb% F'sti&%ing t#e application o& /#ilippine law+ 0n t#e Aerican Airlines case t#e 5o'rt #el$ t#at w#en w#at is involve$ is PARAMOUNT STATE INTEREST s'c# as t#e protection o& t#e rig#ts o& 4ilipino laborers t#e co'rt can $isregar$ c#oice o& &or' an$ c#oice o& law+ T#ere&ore t#e /#ilippine 5o'rt s#o'l$ not appl% t#e stip'lation in 'estion+ ALTE!NAT0BE ANSE!" b) No le &ori s#o'l$ be applie$ beca'se t#e s'it is :le$ in /#ilippine co'rts an$ Eric was #ire$ in t#e /#ilippines+ T#e /#ilippine 5onstit'tion aor$s &'ll protection to labor an$ t#e stip'lation as to s'ar% $isissal r'ns co'nter to o'r &'n$aental an$ stat'tor% laws+ Torts; /rescriptive /erio$ (2==) 0n a class s'it &or $aages plaintis claie$ t#e% s'ere$ inF'ries &ro tort're $'ring artial law+ T#e s'it was :le$ 'pon /resi$ent EHOs arrival on eile in <0 a U+S+ state+ T#e co'rt in <0 awar$e$ plaintis t#e e'ivalent o& /1== billion 'n$er t#e U+S+ law on alien tort clais+ ,n appeal EHOs Estate raise$ t#e iss'e o& prescription+ 0t arg'e$ t#at since sai$ U+S+ law is silent on t#e atter t#e co'rt s#o'l$ appl%" (1) <0Os law setting a two3%ear liitation on tort clais; or (2) t#e /#ilippine law w#ic# appears to re'ire t#at clais &or personal inF'r% arising &ro artial law be bro'g#t wit#in one %ear+ /laintis co'ntere$ t#at provisions o& t#e ost analogo's &e$eral stat'te t#e Tort're Bictis /rotection Act s#o'l$ be applie$+ 0t sets ten %ears as t#e perio$ &or prescription+ Horeover t#e% arg'e$ t#at e'it% co'l$ toll t#e stat'te o& liitations+ 4or it appeare$ t#at EH #a$ proc're$ 5onstit'tional aen$ents granting #isel& an$ t#ose acting 'n$er #is $irection i'nit% &ro s'it $'ring #is ten're+ 0n t#is case #as prescription set in or not 5onsi$ering t#e $ierences in t#e cite$ laws w#ic# prescriptive perio$ s#o'l$ be applie$" one %ear 'n$er /#ilippine law two %ears 'n$er <0Os law ten %ears 'n$er U+S+ &e$eral law or none o& t#e above Eplain+ (6) SUGGESTED ANSE!" T#e US 5o'rt will appl% US law t#e law o& t#e or' in $eterining t#e applicable prescriptive perio$+ #ile US law is silent on t#is
atter t#e US 5o'rt will not appl% /#ilippine law in $eterining t#e prescriptive perio$+ 0t is generall% aPre$ as a principle in private international law t#at proce$'ral law is one o& t#e eceptions to t#e application o& &oreign law b% t#e &or'+ Since prescription is a atter o& proce$'ral law even in /#ilippine
F'rispr'$ence (5o$altn v+ /,EAR BL!5R8ro' an$ !oot 0nternational 2>@ S5!A ?21 C199) t#e US 5o'rt will appl% eit#er <0 or 4e$eral law in $eterining t#e applicable prescriptive perio$ an$ not /#ilippine law+ T#e !estateent o& Aerican law aPrs t#is principle+
