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Composite Bridges Contructed With Corrugated Steel Web Box Girders Conference Paper · September 2003 DOI: 10.1680/r 10.1680/rocbisd.32484.0 ocbisd.32484.0004 004
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Ezzeldin Yazeed Sayed-Ahmed The American University in Cairo
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Ref.: RKD/MDN/PH-NID99 SYMPOSIUM: S3 Role of Concrete Bridges in Sustainable Development Theme S31: Innovative concrete Bridges Subject Area S312 – Short and Medium Span Bridges
COMPOSITE BRIDGES CONSTRUCTED WITH CORRUGATED STEEL WEB BOX GIRDERS Ezzeldin Yazeed Sayed-Ahmed Associate Professor Ain Shams University, Structural Engineering Dept, Cai ro, Egypt (On leave to University of Qatar, Civil Engineering Dept, Doha, Qatar) Mailing Address: University of Qatar, Civil Engineering Dept, PO Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
ABSTRACT. Composite steel-concrete box girders with corrugated steel webs represent a new innovative structural system which has successfully emerged in the past two decades for short to medium span bridges. Two combined new innovations are used in these bridges: box girders with corrugated steel webs and longitudinal external prestressing. The external prestressing cables are commonly embedded inside the box girder. The reinforced concrete bridge deck slab may also be transversely prestressed. Four bridges in France and three in Japan have recently been built with this hybrid system. The lengths of these bridges range between 31.0 m to 496.0 m with a maximum free span of 97.2 m. The height-to-thickness
INTRODUCTION
Corrugated steel webs were recently proposed to replace the stiffened steel plates of plate/box girders to improve both the aesthetics and the economy of the structure. The idea of using corrugated webs was first introduced for steel beams in buildings with web thickness ranging between 2 and 5 mm. This thickness results in a corresponding web height to thickness ratio varying between 150 and 260. Using corrugated webs for bridge girders allows the web height to thickness ratio to reach 445. Typical thickness of corrugated web plates used lately in bridges was 8 to 12 mm thick. Corrugated web bridge girders can be constructed with either steel flanges or reinforced/prestressed concrete (composite) flanges (Figure 1). Two corrugation profiles are typically used for webs are trapezoidal and zigzag (Figure 2).
Concrete slab Corrugated steel web RC lower flange
Corrugated
Corrugated web Concrete slab
GIRDERS WITH CORRUGATED STEEL WEBS: MERITS AND SHORTCOMINGS
The following aspects for girders with corrugated steel webs were reported [1,2,6-9]: Higher transverse stiffness and higher resistance to in-plane shear forces. Less sensitivity to the effect of the initial geometric imperfections. Reduced number of intermediate diaphragms. The decreased axial stiffness of the web prevents it from carrying or transmitting axial force due to flexure, prestressing, shrinkage, creep or temperature effects. Longitudinal prestressing does not dissipate into the web and thus, fewer tendons are used. Ideal usage of material: reinforced or prestressed concrete flanges to sustain flexure and steel webs to carry shear forces, increasing the elastic lever arm to its maximum value. Higher and more uniform resistance to distortion of the box girder section. Slightly more flexible in shear than plane webs with minor increase shear deflection. The reduced web thickness and the elimination of the welded stiffeners lead to lighter and more economical girders and bearings which compensate for the higher fabrication cost. c y s hw
a
b
d
c = 2 (b + d)
h
The first composite bridge built with corrugated steel web box girder is the Cognac Bridge (Pont de Cognac) which was completed in 1986 [6,10]. It has a continuous three span prestressed box girder with a trapezoidally corrugated web. The total bridge length is 107.82 m which includes two side spans of 32.455 m each and one intermediate span of 42.91 m. Schematic longitudinal- and cross-sections of the bridge are shown in Figure 3. The top and bottom concrete flanges of the box girder are 11.70 m and 4.17 m wide respectively. The trapezoidally corrugated web is 8 mm thick with a corrugation panel width of 420 mm, a corrugation depth of 240 mm, a panel height of 1.771 m and an angle of corrugation of 35 o. The total girder depth is 2.60 m. The bridge is prestressed with four Freyssinet tendons (195/8" strands) which run inside the box girder and anchored at the ends into solid reinforced concrete blocks. The top and bottom concrete slabs have been cast-i n-place on false-work. 11.70 m 0.20 m o
8 mm thick corrugated steel web
0.20 m
At the C.L. 4.17 m
35
0.55 m
2.60 m Over the piers
107.82 m 32.445 m
42.91 m
32.445 m
3.0 m
324.45 m 40.95 m
47.25 m
53.55 m
50.40 m
47.25 m
44.10 m
40.95 m
14.80 m 6.50 m
0.20 m
Corrugated steel web
1.90 m
Intermediate section
2.10 m
2.10 m
End section
Figure 6. Schematic cross section of the Shinkai Bridge. The second bridge built in Japan using one externally prestressed corrugated web box girder is the Ginzan-Miyuki (Matsu-Noki) Bridge [19,20]. The bridge, completed in 1995, is continuous over five spans with a total length of 210.00 m and a deck width of 9.70 m. The approach span is 27.40 m long and the other 4 spans are 45.50 m long each. The box girder depth is 3.00 m with a corrugated steel web having a thickness of 8 mm or 12 mm and panel height of 2.21 m. The Ginzan-Miyuki Bridge is the longest of its kind built in Japan to-date. The latest bridge built in Japan using box girder with corrugated web is the Hontani (Motoya) Bridge [21] which was constructed in a mountainous area of Takawashi-mura, Gujyo-gun in Gifu Prefecture and completed in 1998. The bridge is continuous over three spans: 44.013 m, 97.202 m and 55.978 m. It was constructed using the cantilever method (Figure 7). The total length of the bridge is 198.353 m. The top slab is 11.400 m wide while the bottom slab is
2.5 m
6.4 m
44.0 m
97.2 m Concrete flange
56.9 m
REFERENCES 1. SAYED-AHMED E.Y. Behaviour of steel and/or composite girders with corrugated steel webs. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 4, 2001, pp. 656-672. 2. JOHNSON R.P., CAFOLLA J. Corrugated webs in plate girders for bridges. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineering, Struc. and Bldgs., Vol. 123, 1997, pp. 157-164. 3. ELGAALY M., SESHADRI, A., HAMILTON R.W. Bending strength of steel beams with corrugated webs. Journal of Structural Eng., ASCE, Vol. 123 (6), 1997, pp. 772-782. 4. BERGFELT A., LEIVA-ARAVENA L. Shear buckling of trapezoidal corrugated girder webs. Division of steel and Timber Structures, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Publication S 84:2, Sweden, 1984, 64p. 5. LUO, R., EDLUND B. Buckling of trapezoidally corrugated panels using spline finite strip method. Thin Walled Structures, Elsevier Science Ltd, Vol. 18, 1994, pp. 209-240. 6. CHEYREZY M., COMBAULT J.. Composite bridges with corrugated steel webs achievement and prospects. IABSE Symposium, Mixed Structures: Including New Materials, IABSE Reports, Brussels, 1990, pp.479-484. 7. EL-METWALLY A.S., LOOV R.E. Prestressed composite girders with corrugated steel webs. 5th Int. Conf. on Short and Medium Span Bridges, Calgary, Canada, 1998, CD 8. LEBON J. Steel corrugated web bridges - first achievements. 5 th Int. Conf. on Short and Medium Span Bridges, Calgary, Canada, 1998, CD. 9. ELGAALY M., HAMILTON R.W., SESHADRI A. Shear strength of beams with corrugated webs. Journal of Structural Eng., ASCE, Vol. 122 (4) 1996, pp. 390-398. 10. COMBAULT J., DUVIARD M., THIVANS P., THIBONNET J.-L., GUICHARD M., LECROQ P., FONTAINE J.-F., VIRLOGEUX M., CASSIAU A., GAUCHE J.-F. Pont sur la Charente à Cognac, Travaux, n. 636, 1988, pp. 31-37.
Table 1. Structural aspects of the bridges built in France and Japan using Corrugated web composite steel-concrete girders [1]. Bridge
Pont de Cognac
Maupré Viaduct
Pont d Astérix
Dole Bridge
Shinkai Bridge
Matsu-Noki Bridge
Hontani Bridge
=
City of Cognac
Maupré Valley near Charolles
Motor way near Paris
Jura
Niigata
Akita, Shikok Island
Gujyo-gun
France
France
France
France
Japan
Japan
Japan
1986
1987
1989
1993
1993
1995
1997
P/C slab on 2 steel beams
single P/C box girder
twin P/C box girder
single P/C box girder
single P/C box girder
Location
Date
Structural System single P/C box girder
triangular P/C box girder
No. of spans
3 - continuous
7 - continuous
2 - continuous
7- continuous
1- simple
5 - continuous
3 - continuous
Total length, m
107.82
324.50
74.80
496.00
31.00
210.00
198.40
Span lengths, m
32.455 42.91 32.455
40.95,47.25 53.55,50.40 47.25,44.1, 40.95
2 x 37.00
48.00, 5 x 80.00, 48.00
30.00
27.40, 4 x 45.50
44.013, 97.202, 56.978
Deck width, m
11.70
10.75
13.00
14.50
14.80
9.70
10.49
Total depth, m
2.60
3.00
2.10
2.50 mid-span 5.50 over supp
1.90
3.00
2.50 mid-span 6.40 over supp
Span to depth ratio
13 ~ 17
14 ~ 18
18
19~32 mid-span 9~15 over supp
16
9 ~ 15
18~39 mid-span 7~15 over supp
Web thick., mm
8
8
-
8 ~ 12
9
8 - 12
12
Web height, mm
1771
1081 ~ 4011
1183
2210
1780 ~5250
hw/tw ratio
221
135 ~ 334
131
184 ~ 276
148 ~ 445
