Atienza, Vina Marie A. CE-5202 COMPONENTS of TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
For transportation to take place, four core components are essential: Modes. They represent the conveyances, mostly taking the form of vehicles that are
used to convey mobility to passengers or freight. Some modes are designed to carry only passengers or freight, while others can carry both. Infrastructures. The physical support of transport modes, where routes (e.g. rail tracks, canals or highways) and terminals (e.g. ports or airports) are the most significant components. Networks. A system of linked locations that are used to represent the functional and spatial organization of transportation. It indicates which locations are serviced and how they are serviced. Within a network some locations are more accessible (more connections) than others (less connections). Flows. Movements of people, freight and information over their respective networks. Flows have origins, intermediary locations and destinations. An intermediary location is often required to go from an origin to a destination. For instance, flying from one airport to another may require a transit at hub airport. MODES OF TRANSPORT
1. Air Transport Air transport includes all transport through the air by aircraft. In an urban or regional context this air transport includes local air traffic such as small airplanes or helicopters. From a broader perspective air transport within urban or regional areas include passenger and freight air routes that cross urban or regional areas. In the context of urban security air transport is explicitly high impact. As experienced during 9/11 and other terrorist threats the consequences of failing security are devastating. Air traffic is therefore therefore extremely well monitored, both in terms of passengers passengers or freight as in terms of routing and operations management. Example: Hot Air Balloons, Blimps, Zeppelins, Airplanes, Helicopters
2. Land Transport Land transportation simply means any form of transportation that takes place on land. This can be through road, rail, it can be facilitated by animals such donkeys and camels or use a combination of the wheel with electric or fuel powered engines
to move people and freight quickly and efficiently. Land transport is the most common means of transport in most places in the world. Rail - the movement of passengers and goods using wheeled vehicles, made to run on railway tracks. Roads - route or way on land between two places, which allow travel, including a horse, cart, or motor vehicle. Human-powered - the transport of people and/or goods of walking, running and swimming. Animal-powered - the use of working animals for the movement of people and goods.
3. Water Transport Water transport is movement by means of a watercraft such as a barge, boat, ship or sailboat over a body of water, such as a sea, ocean, lake, canal or river. The need for buoyancy is common to watercraft, making the hull a dominant aspect of its construction, maintenance and appearance. It is the least expensive and slowest mode of freight transport. It is generally used to transport heavy products over long distances when speed is not an issue. Example: sailboats, ships, submarines, hoover crafts, water planes, surf board, and ferries.
4. Other modes Pipeline transport sends goods through a pipe, most commonly liquid and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes can also send solid capsules using compressed air. For liquids/gases, any chemically stable liquid or gas can be sent through a pipeline. Short-distance systems exist for sewage, slurry, water and beer, while long-distance networks are used for petroleum and natural gas. Cable transport is a broad mode where vehicles are pulled by cables instead of an internal power source. It is most commonly used at steep gradient. Typical solutions include aerial tramway, elevators, escalator and ski lifts; some of these are also categorized as conveyor transport. Space transport is transport out of Earth's atmosphere into outer space by means of a spacecraft. While large amounts of research have gone into technology, it is rarely used except to put satellites into orbit, and conduct scientific experiments.
References http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch1en/conc1en/components_transportation.html http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/transportation.html http://www.ehow.com/about_4813389_different-types-air-transportation.html http://securipedia.eu/mediawiki/index.php/Modes_of_transport
