Ëpbuil lt mgkcc mgkccl `ls rgtbtlurs Vr Mnrkstkbe @ujgetklr Mletrl `l ib Jbke, Mikekqul `ls Lbux Mibkrls PLi 63;6 ;; =3 66 / 63;6 ;; 11 =6 Ils prësletbtkges sget `kspgekdils sur www.`kumnkrurakljbke.gra
Mbs mikekqul - RMJ • \e ngjjl, 34 bes, rltrbktë `l i‛ë`umbtkge ebtkgebil, vklet vgus mgesuitlr.
• Ki b mnutë sur sge ëpbuil ki y b `lux jgks. • ]ge jë`lmke trbktbet b prlsmrkt uel rb`kg lt ue brtnrgsmbeelr br tnrgsmbeelr qu‛ki vklet vgus jgetrlr
• Ki e‛b prlsqul pius jbi lt b rltrguvë tgutl sb jgdkiktë
Mgjjlet ketlrprëtlz-vgus mlttl kjbal 7
Mgjjlet ketlrprëtlz-vgus mlttl kjbal 7
Sgus S gus iuk mgeslkiilz 2.@‛bttle`rl mbr mls crbmturls mgesgik`let tguogurs 4.@‛bttle`rl mbr m‛lst uel pltktl rupturl `l ib mgkccl =.@l cbkrl `l ib rëë`umbtkge 0.@‛biilr vgkr rbpk`ljlet ue mnkrurakle <.@l el rkle cbkrl puksqu‛ki vb `ëoæ jklux
Gs bmrgjkbi • Crëquleml? 1 -2< % • Dkibtërbil (02-34%) • + crëquletl mnlz Ngjjls lt Egkrs • Vbs `l mgrrëibtkge bmrgjkge dkpbrtktb
lt iëskges `l ib mgkccl (Guliilttl 4661)
Lpk`ëjkgigakl • Ils `guilurs `‛ëpbuil rlprësletlet ib =îjl mbusl `l `guilurs jusmuigsqulilttkquls squlilttkq uls bprîs il `gs lt il alegu
i ëskges `l mgkccl (@kbs 466>) • 1<% sget `ls iëskges • Ib 4îjl mbusl bprîs il rbmnks pgur ils ’BP‚
• Vius `l 266 jkiikges `l mgesuitbtkges pbr be bux \]B ! 1 jkiikbr`s `l $ le 4666
Lpk`ëjkgigakl (2) • Tlkiiy 4663? rlvul `l ib ikttërbturl rb`kgigakqul lt mb`bvërkqul
22 2,1<% rup rupturls turls mgjpiîtls lt 2>,0;% 2>,0;% • 2 kemgjpiîtls mnlz ils mb`bvrls
r upturls bsyjptgjbtkquls bsyjptgjbtkquls lt • =>,;% rupturls 02,0% syjptgjbtkquls le ëmngarbpnkl
• 43,4% vs 0;,0% le KTJ
Lpk`ëjkgigakl (4) [bjbaumnk bjbaumnk?? <>> ëmngarbpnkls • [ • 424 mgkccls ketbmtls (j: 0>,1 bes) • 2;; iëskges uekibtërbils (j : <>, 1 bes) • 211 iëskges dkibtërbils (j : 31,> bes) Buajletbtkge uajletbtkge `l ib crëquleml crëquleml `ls • B rupturls mgrrëiël mgr rëiël bvlm bvlm i‛äal (<6% `l rupturls dkibtërbils bprîs 33 bes) • Ils rupturls ils pius arbe`ls sget pius sguvlet syjptgjbtkquls
Lpk`ëjkgigakl (=) • Jurrlii (4662)? ==% rupturls mnlz ils qub`rbaëebkrls, <<% mnlz ils qub`rbaëebkrls, qukequbaëebkrls
(2;;<) ? <6% rupturls r upturls bprîs 16 • Jkiargj (2;;<) bes, >6% bprîs >6 bes
• Hkj (466;)? 6% 9 0; bes, 26% (9<; bes), 46% (9 36 bes), 06,1% 5 16 bes mnlz 4=1 suolts bsyjptgjbtkquls
!
Vbrsmn (4666)? <% `l rupturls bssgmkël bux crbmturls nujërbils
Keffluleml aëeëtkqul 7 ëmnga rbpnkqul • Nbrvkl 4660? ëtu`l ëmngarbpnkqul `ls pbrlets `l 46< rupturls `l mgkccl
r upturls mgjpiîtls? mgjpiîtls? 4, 04 • TT `l rupturls vs mgetrðil (ëpgusls)
syjptgjbtkquls? • TT `l rupturls syjptgjbtkquls? 0,3<
Keffluleml jëmbekqul 7 • Vius cgrtl rlprësletbtkge `ls trbvbkiilurs `l cgrml (Jkrbe`b 466<)
• Tksqul ; x jgkes kjpgrtbet mnlz ils
ljpigyës `l durlbu (Nlrdlrts 2;>0)
syjptgjbtkqul lst il pius sguvlet • Il mðtë syjptgjbtkqul il mðtë `gjkebet
Butrls B utrls cbmtlurs `l rksqul `‛Bmnkiil, l, tle`kektl `u • Butrls tle`kegpbtnkls (tle`ge `‛Bmnkii
• • • • •
mgu`l, `gkat æ rlssbut)8 \e sye`rgjl `u mbebi mbrpkle8 Il tbdbm? pius crëqulet lt pius sëvîrl Il `kbdîtl ? pius crëqulet (3%) mnlz ils sbibrkës sguccrbet `‛uel pbtngigakl `l ib mgkccl vlrsus mlux quk e‛le sguccrlet pbs pb s (2,>%)8 I‛gdësktë? 21,6 % vlrsus >,3 %. Mgjjl pgur il `kbdîtl m‛lst ue cbmtlur `l rksqul `‛bttlketl dkibtërbil 8 Il slxl jbsmuike.
2lr jlssbal • Ils rupturls `l ib mgkccl `ls rgtbtlurs sget
crëquletls, `‛butbet pius qu‛ge bvbeml bvbeml le äal. • B i‛ëmnliil `l ib Crbeml, mlib rlprësletl letrl 2,0 lt 0 jkiikges `l Crbeábks `l pius `l 36 bes bybet uel rupturl `l ib mgkccl. • Liils survkleelet sur `ls tlrrbkes « prë`kspgsës ¸ lt sget cbvgrksëls pbr ils trbvbux `l cgrml. • Liils sget bsyjptgjbtkquls (`guilur, jgdkiktë, cgrml,…) il pius sguvlet.
Rulstkge? mgjjlet lxpikqulz-vgus qu‛uel rupturl `'ue tle`ge `l ib mgkccl sgkt dkle tgiërël 7
4 rëpgesls • Ils tle`ges sget trîs plu keelrvës • Ils prkemkpbux rëmlptlurs æ ib `guilur sget `bes ib dgursl lt il dkmlps
• Mgjplesbtkge jëmbekqul ikës bu
mbrbmtîrl letrljïië `ls tle`ges `l ib mgkccl sur ilur keslrtkge keslr tkge trgmnktërkleel
Bebtgjkl jkmrgsmgpkqul jkmrgsmgpkqul `l ib mgkccl mgkccl
• Ils tle`ges sl «jëibealet¸
igrs `l ilur keslrtkge sur ils tudërgsktës Ki e‛lst pbs pgsskdil `l ils `kccërlemklr `l vksu
Il ikabjlet mbpsuig-tle`kelux trbesvlrsl
• ]‛ëtle` `u iat
mgrbmg-nujërbi (ketlrvbiil `ls rgtbtlurs) bu tlrls jkegr
• _gel ’sgik`l‚ `l
rlecgrmljlet `l ib rlecgrmljlet mgkccl
Il ikabjlet mbpsuig-tle`kelux trbesvlrsl
• Ki slrt `l pgket
`'bjbrrbal bux tle`ges suprbspkebtus lt kecrbspkebtus
• Ml ’ikabjlet‚ lxpikqul
pgurqugk ils rupturls, jïjl ibral, pluvlet ïtrl dkle tgiërëls cgemtkgeeliiljlet cgemtk geeliiljlet (brm `l Durhnbrt)
Il pbtklet vgus `ljbe`l pgurqugk sb mgkccl s'lst rgjpul lt sk liil vb mkmbtrkslr mkmbtrk slr.. Sgus Sgus rëpge` rëpge`lz lz ? r upturl trbujbtkqul, pbrml qul vgus • M‛lst uel rupturl ïtls tgjdë, liil vb mkmbtrkslr sk vgus rlstlz bu rlpgs
r upturl trbujbtkqul, pbrml qul vgus • M‛lst uel rupturl ïtls tgjdë, jbks liil el plut pbs mkmbtrkslr sbes mnkrurakl
r upturl `ëaëeërbtkvl, `ëaëeërbtkvl, quk lst plut • M'lst uel rupturl ïtrl betërklurl æ vgtrl mnutl, liil el vb pbs mkmbtrkslr puksqul il tle`ge lst `ëaëeërë
Nkstgpbtngigakl
• 4 zgels `l rupturl i‛keslr tkge : `ëaëeërbtkvl • B i‛keslrtkge (piutðt • B ib ogemtkge tle`ge-jusmil (piutðt trbujbtkqul)
Iëskges `ëaëeërbtkvls • Mgestktutkge nkstgigakquls `kccërletls `ls • • • •
tle`ges rgjpus vs sbkes Jg`kflmbtkges dkgmnkjkquls le cbvlur `‛uel `ëaëeërlsmleml (jëtbiigprgtëbsls, `ëpðts bjyigç`ls, aiymgsbjkegaiymbels,...) Pbux ëilvë `l mliiuils bpgptgtkquls Ils iëskges prë`gjkelet æ ib cbml prgcge`l (]beg O]L 2;;;) Ils ëtu`ls uitrbstrumturbils suaaîrlet qul ils iëskges `ëaëeërbtkvls sget trîs ëtle`uls (" mgkccl äaël)
Il tle`ge tlrjkebi
• ; æ 24 jj
`‛ëpbksslur
• < mgumnls "
Il tle`ge tlrjkebi
Ge lxpikqul bkesk ils iëskges ketrb-tle`kelusl
Ils rupturls pbrtkliils • ]uplrflmkliils ? 2>% • Vrgcge`ls? 41% • Ketrb-tle`kelusls? <<%
Cuhu`b, 2;>1
]get pius `guigurlusls ( " `ls mgetrbketls sur ils fldrls rlstbetls - Cuhu`b 4666) sudstbeml V, Ki-2rb, Ki-2# (Agtgn, 2;;>)
"
Tupturl `l mgkccl lt trbujbtksjl • Ils rupturls trbujbtkquls lxkstlet jbks liils mgemlrelet uel butrl pgpuibtkge ?
Rubsk-lxmiuskvljlet ljlet jbsmuikel8 • Rubsk-lxmiuskv Bvlm vlm `ls rupturls tgumnbet piusklurs tle`ges `get il • B sudsmbpuibrks (1>%), il suprbspkebtus (>0%) lt i‛kecrbspkebtus (=;%)8
• ]urvlebet bprîs `ls trbujbtksjls vkgilets pgrtbet il
drbs le bd`umtkge (sguvlet uel iuxbtkge `l i‛ëpbuil lst bssgmkël)8
• Prîs kevbik`betls æ mbusl `l i‛bttlketl `l piusklurs
tle`ges lt `ls plrcgrbtkges `l pius `l = mj `bes 1>% `ls mbs ml quk mge`ukt æ `ls ketlrvletkges prëmgmls.
Tupturl `l mgkccl lt « crgttljlet ¸ sur ib vgutl bmrgjkbil 7 • Il mgefflkt sgus-bmrgjkbi lst ue brtkflml `l ibeabal
• Ils jg`kflmbtkges rb`kgigakquls `l i‛bmrgjkge sget slmge`bkrls (letësgpbtnkl)
• Ege rlprg`umtkdils le rb`kg (]tlnil O]L 46618 23? 2=<-204)
• Vbs `l mgrrëibtkge cgrjl/
vgiujl le =@ (Mnbea 4663)
Ib vgøtl gsslusl • Ki s‛bakt `‛uel rëbmtkge æ `ls pnëegjîels `l tleskge
• Ml quk lxpikqul ilur
crëquleml mnlz ils arbe`s skeals (heumhil wbihkea) mnlz mnlz quk ils rupturls sget lxmlptkgeeliils (Vgtbu, Ket O Vrkjbt 4661)
Bmrgjkge Bmrgj kge • Mibsskflmbtkge `l Dkaikbek
(2;;2)? Skskge jëmbekstl cbussl
Pypl K (pibt)
Pypl KK (mgurdl) Pypl KKK (mrgmnlt)
Bmrgjkge Bmrgj kge
• Vbs `l typl KKK sur ils pkîmls
bebtgjkquls, bebtgjkqu ls, ;6% `‛bmrgjkge mgurdës
Bmrgjkge Bmrgj kge • Vbs `‛bssgmkbtkge letrl rupturl `l
• •
mgkccl lt iëskges `l i‛bmrgjkge (jbks sk bmrgjkge iësë :5 rupturl `l mgkccl) Vbs `‛bssgmkbtkge rupturls prgcge`ls gu ketlrjë`kbkrls lt bmrgjkge Bssgmkbtkge rupturls rupturl s suplrflmkliils lt jg`kflmbtkges `l i‛bmrgjkge. • I‛ëpbksskssljlet `l i‛bmrgjkge letrbåel tguogurs `ls iëskges `l ib cbml suplrflmkliil `l ib mgkccl (]mnelldlralr)
Mkmbtrksbtkge • Vbs `l mkmbtrksbtkge spgetbeël • ]luil uel ketlrvletkge plrjlttrbkt `l
cbkrl mkmbtrkslr mkmbtrkslr uel rupturl r upturl • Ils arbe`ls rupturls get uel jgke`rl pgsskdkiktë `l mkmbtrkslr qul ils pltktls rupturls (Jbttnlws, ODO] 4663) • \el rëpbrbtkge rltbr`ël (24 sljbkels) mnlz il rbt e‛b pbs `‛keffluleml sur ils pgsskdkiktës `l mkmbtrksbtkge (Hgkhl, O Grtngp 4663)
4îjl jlssbal r upturls sget `ëaëeërbtkvls, pbs • Ils rupturls trbujbtkquls, pbs ikëls æ `ls trbujbtkquls, crgttljlets,
• Liils el pluvlet pbs mkmbtrkslr spgetbeëjlet.
• Liils mkmbtrkslet le mnkrurakl surtgut sk il suolt lst oluel (9 36 7) lt ib rupturl `l pltktl tbkiil (9 4 mj 7)
Rulstkge? quliil lst i‛ëvgiutkge `l mls iëskges 7
Tëpgesl? Baa Baarb rbvbtkge vbtkge • Ils rupturls bsyjptgjbtkquls mgetrgibtërbils æ • • • •
uel rupturl `l mgkccl ëvgiulet mgjjl ils ëpbuils `‛uel pgpuibtkge sbkel. 2>% `l 16 tle`kegpbtnkls ëvgiulet vlrs ib rupturl bprîs 2< 2< bes8 =6% `ls rupturls pbrtkliils `lvkleelet trbesflxkbetls æ 4 bes 06% `l 4= rupturls trbesflxkbetls sl sget baarbvëls æ < bes. <2% `ls rupturls r upturls trbesflxkbetls trbesflxkbetl s bsyjptgjbtkquls sget `lvleuls syjptgjbtkquls æ 4,> bes `l rlmui.
Mgkccl gu pbs mgkccl 7 • @guilur jgkaege `l
i‛ëpbuil bv bvlm lm krrb`kbtkge drbs/mgu
• @guilurs egmturels • @guilurs igrs `ls jguvljlets `‛ëiëvbtkge
]kîal `ls `guilurs
mbrbmtërkstkqul `ls `guilurs
@kbaegstkm `kccërletkli `ls `guilurs 7
@guilur prgoltël pbr iëskge rbmnk`kleel
_gels `guigurlusls bprîs keolmtkge `l sëruj nyplrtgekqul
@guilurs prgoltëls • Sksmîrls? Pngrbx (piîvrl, Vbemgbst-Pgdkbs,...), Bd`gjle
• Jusmils? Beauibkrl,... • @lrjbtgjls, Mliiuibiakls, @ërbealjlet ketlrvlrtëdrbi jkelur
@guilurs ’jusmuibkrls‚ pbr bttlketl elrvlusl
• Bttlketl `u Prbpëzl • Bttlketl `u slrrbtus
!]mbpuib bibtb
• I‛lxbjle mikekqul `ëtbkiië `l ib mgkccl `l i‛ëpbuil lst `kspgekdil sur
www.jbktrksl-grtngp.mgj .jbktrksl-grtngp.mgj • www • lt sur
www.`kumnk www .`kumnkrurakljbke.gr rurakljbke.gra a
Sgus rlmlvlz ue Sgus ue pbtklet `l <> bes quk prësletl `lpuks 4-= jgks `ls `guilurs ëvgqubet uel iëskge `l ib mgkccl. Sgus prlsmrkvlz 7
• @ls rb`kgarbpnkls 7 • \el ëmngarbpnkl 7 br tnrgsmbeelr 7 • \e brtnrgsmbeelr • \el KTJ 7 • \e dkibe dkgigakqul 7
Kjbalrkl `l ib mgkccl • Tb`kgarbpnkls tguogurs • Mbimkflmbtkges • ]kaels ke`krlmts `l rupturl
• Gjbrtnrgsl
Kjbalrkl mgjpiëjletbkrl 7 • ]k mikekqul btypkqul • ]k ëmnlm `u trbktljlet jë`kmbi mnkrurakmbil • ]k ke`kmbtkge mnkrurakmbil • Lmngarbpnkl • Brtnrgsmbeelr/BrtnrgKTJ 5 KTJ
Tlmgjjbe`btkges Tlmgjjbe`b tkges NB] 466<
MBP 7
trbvbkiilur jbeuli • Ngjjl <4 bes, trbvbkiilur
• Cljjl 36 bes, slmrëtbkrl • Ngjjl 16 bes, rltrbktë (obr`ke)
Prbktljlet jë`kmbi `‛bdgr` Betbiakquls, s, betk-kefflbjjbtgkrls betk-kefflbjjbtgkrls ege • Betbiakqul
•
stërgç`kles lt keflitrbtkges sgusbmrgjkbils `l `ërkvës mgrtksgekquls (arb`l D). Ib hkeësktnërbpkl lst bxël sur ib rëmupërbtkge lt i‛letrltkle `ls bjpiktu`ls bjpiktu`ls brtkmuibkrls bkesk qul sur i‛utkiksbtkge `u mbpktbi jusmuibkrl (arb`l D).
MBP 7 trbvbkiilur jbeuli ! • Ngjjl <4 bes, trbvbkiilur
9 3 jgks (Mgrrëibtkge letrl ib `ëaëeërlsmleml jusmuibkrl lt ib qubiktë `ls rësuitbts cgemtkgeelis, gu il rksqul `l rl-rupturl bprîs rëpbrbtkge.)
• Cljjl 36 bes, slmrëtbkrl ! 3-24 jgks • Ngjjl 16 bes, rltrbktë (obr`ke) ! 2 be
Ple`kegpbtnkl • Ikdërbtkge sgus brtnrgsmgpkl
I BM • +/- slmtkge `u IB • +/- bmrgjkgpibstkl
Tupturl `l mgkccl • ]uturl sgus brtnrgsmgpkl • ]k pgsskdil (`kstbil/ ketlrjë`kbkrl)
• ]k suolt 9 3< bes
Tupturl krrëpbrbdil • @ëdrk`ljlet skjpil sk il
pbtklet b abr`ë uel jgdkiktë
• Vrgtnîsl kevlrsël sk il
pbtklet b plr`u sb jgdkiktë LP b pius `l 16 bes
Mgemiuskge • I‛ketlrrgabtgkrl lt i‛lxbjle mikekqul
rlstlet `ls prëbibdils ke`ksplesbdils æ uel dgeel prksl le mnbral `u pbtklet
• Likjkelet mlrtbkels pbtngigakls, grkletlet vlrs `‛butrls
• Vlrjlttlet `l jklux mlrelr ils
bttletls lt ils dlsgkes `ls pbtklets+++
Mgemiuskge • Ils egjdrlux trbvbux bebtgjkquls,
lxpërkjletbux, dkgjëmbekquls dkgjëmbekquls el plrjlttlet pbs `l tgut mgjprle`rl `bes ils iëskges `l ib mgkccl
• Jbks `l egjdrlux prgarîs get ëtë cbkts
`lpuks ib `lsmrkptkge prkemlps `u 40 jbk 2>=0 `ls ’prljkîrls‚ rupturls `l mgkccl (Ogne ]jktn) lt `l i‛ketrg`umtkge `u tlrjl `l përkbrtnrktl smbpuignujërbil prgpgsë pbr Ljjbeuli ]kjge @upiby le 2>14
