CODING CODING AND AND DECODI DECODING NG QUESTI QUESTIONS ONS SHORT SHORTCUT CUT TRICKS TRICKS IN REASO REASONIN NING G OF APTITUDE Coding and decoding questions are asked in many competitive exams but the level of questions differs. For example in SSC, the level of questions in easy to medium while in I!S exams, the level of questions is difficult. In I!S, coding and decoding questions comes under "achine Coding and #ecoding $opic. ut in SSC exams, Coding #ecoding questions asked are quite easy as compared to IS! exams. %e have already given shortcut tricks to "achine Coding and decoding questions for I!S exams. $his time we are discussing about coding and decoding questions shortcut tricks in reasoning of SSC &xams.
For solving coding and decoding questions, you have to learn a few basics. '. (etter position )*+', +, C+-, #+//.0+1, 2+34 . 5pposite position of letters )*+3, +1/.2+'4 -. 5pposite of each letter )* is opposite to 2 and is opp osite to 0 and C is opposite to 6/..learn all alphabets opposite4
Coding and decoding reasoning questions part #1-fully explained $he coding and decoding de coding of reasoning test is set up to 7udge 7udg e the candidate8s ability to decipher the rule that codes a word9message and break the code to decipher the message. In questions, a word is given coded in a particular way and candidates are asked to code the other given word in the same manner as the first given word was coded. $here are basically five types of coding and decoding questions that are asked in the examination. '. 5rder based questions . Substitution for words -. :umber symbol coding . Substitution based coding 1. #eciphering number and symbol codes in a message '. 5rder based questions;< =ere is a question for example of this type of questions. &x. In a certain language, if >50S8 is written as >S508, how is >?I@(8 coded in that language. Solution;< in these types of questions, the order of placement of alphabets or words usually changes. :ow in this question, letter has ha s been placed at th position and the positions of nd
and third letters are not changed. (etters at th position has been placed at first position in the coded language. <'st position<
In these types of questions, letters and numbers are made related to each other. $hese are of two types
'.
%hen numerical9symbol codes are assigned to words &x. If @&D&S$ is written as S@1$D, then how will *CI# be writtenB Sol. In this question, alternate letters are moved to next letter in alphabet series and vowels are written as their position in their own series. @ àS &à )*<', &<, I<-, 5<, D<14 à@ Dà1 &à Sà$ $àD Similarly *à' Cà# Ià#à& "eans *CI# will be coded as '#-&
. %hen alphabetical codes are assigned to numbers In this type of questions, different words are coded in a certain symbol. %e have to encode them as per the conditions given in the questions. So read the conditions very carefully and then try to solve these type of questions. . Substitution based question< in substitution based questions, three types of question are basically asked. In first type of questions, the letters are directly coded in the same pattern as per the given examples and we have to form the letters as per those given letters changes. &x. If &*@$= is coded as !"2S, then how would =&*@$ be codedB $he main detection point of these questions is that the word that is asked to be coded will contain those same alphabets as given in the first sentence. So in this example, the letters of &*@$= and =&*@$ are same, so =&*@$ will be coded as S!"2 In the second type of questions, each letter is moved certain steps forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code. &x. In a certain code, EIC$5@0 is written as 0(F%@D, then how will SDCC&SS be written in that languageB Sol. In this question, every letter is moved three step forward in their position in the alphabetical series to obtain the corresponding letter of the code. In the third type of questions, the letter are arranged opposite to the position of them in the alphabetical series. $he rule is as under *<2, <0, C<6, #<%, &
&x. In a certain language, "I(G is written as :@5!, how will #&*F be written Sol. First you have to find out the question type. :ow "I(G is written as :@5!. 0ou can understand if you have memoriHed the series given above that : is opposite to ", @ is opposite to I, 5 is opposite to ( and ! is opposite to G. :ow as per the rule given above this question, # is opposite to %, & is opposite to E, * is opposite to 2 and F is opposite to D. so #&*F will be coded as %E2D. 1. #eciphering number and symbol codes in a message< $hese types of questions are mostly asked in coding and decoding type of reasoning questions. In this type of questions, a few group of number or symbols in which each codes a certain message is given. $he candidate is required to find the number or symbol code for each code or you have to formulate all the codes of the message. 0ou can do that through the process of comparison of the given coded message taking at least two at a time. For example, look at the given question below< In a certain language, >come now8 is written as >ha na8, > now and then8 is written as >pa do na8 and >go then8 is written as >sa pa8. how is >and8 written in that language. Sol. :ow there are three statements given '. Come nownow8. *s you see, the corresponding coded conversion is >na8. similarly, try to find out the common word in nd and -rd statement. *gain you see the common word is >then8. So the corresponding coded word)among >pa do na8 and >sa pa84 is >pa8. :ow you have found out two conversions/ :owpa8 and >na8 corresponds to >then8 and >now8 respectively. So from nd statement, the remaining word >and8 will correspond to >do8. So >and8 will be coded as >do8. http;99www.meriview.in9'-9J9coding
=ere are coding and decoding questions shortcut tricks )easy solution4. $ype<'< (etter ; In a certain code, C5#I:? is written as #!&5=. =ow will #&C5#I:? be written in that codeB
*nswer; the simple formula or the shortcut trick to solve this type of question is to compare the first coded words. $he number of steps that are increase of each letter in first conversion, the same formula should be applied to code that has to be converted. ust like in C5#I:? and #!&5=, ' point step is added )CN'+#, 5N'+! as per alphabet4. :ow compare each letter one to another like compare each letter of C5#I:? and #!&5=. Comparing 'st letter of C5#I:? to 'st of #!&5=. C is converted to #. 0ou know C8s next letter in alphabets is #. 58s next letter is !. #8s next letter is &. I8s next letter is . :8s next< 5 ?8s next< = $his was how C5#I:? was converted to #!&5=. :ow the same way you have to convert #&C5#I:?. So #< is converted to <&. &
LCM AND HCF SH!"C" M$"HDS F! SL%&N' &N S$CNDS &N M&ND Shortcut methods of Finding (C" and =CF (owest common multiple (C" and =ighest Common Factor =CF are the most used methods of "athematics and also the most important as they are used in finding the solution of many other question8s solution. %ith these shortcut methods of finding (C" and =CF, you can easily solve (C" and =CF of two or more numbers in your mind in seconds. So here are the shortcut methods or formulas of finding the (C" and =CF of numbers First let us discuss shortcut formula of finding the (C" of numbers. %hen you practice this method, you can easily solve (C" of numbers in seconds in your mind. $he below give method can easily be used to solve (C" of numbers in seconds without the use of paper work. "H$ ($L) '&%$N M$"HD F F&ND&N' LCM F NM($!S &S N$ F "H$ ($S" &F *!AC"&C$D ($""$!+ =ere is an example. Suppose you are given a question; Find the (C" of ', 'LB :ow here is the shortcut formula for solution of (C" of two numbers or more numbers given above. Step '; pick the highest of the given numbers of whom we have to find the (C". In the above example question, pick 'L as it is highest among ' and 'L. Step ; check it whether it can be divided by other number)s4. if you can divide it, then it means your answer is that highest number. ut if you cannot divide it by other number)s4, then follow the step - given below. In the above example, check 'L whether it can be divided by ' or not. Since 'L cannot be divided by ', so move on to step -. Step -; multiply the highest number to ,-,,/ and so on till you find that number which can also be divided by the other number)s4. In the above problem, multiply 'L to in your mind, it is equal to -3. :ow check it whether it can be divided by '. Since -3 can be divided by ', so -3 is the (C" of ','L. :ow let us take another example. Find the (C" of , -, 1B Shortcut formula; pick 1 since it is highest number among the three. :ow check it whether it can be divided by and -. 1 cannot be divided by and -. :ow think of 1x+ ' )since you know the table of 14. Check whether it can be divided by and -. It again cannot be divided. :ow think of '1 then then 1 then -. :ow - is that number which can be divided by and -. So the (C" of , -, 1 is -. %hen you practice this method, you can easily solve (C" of numbers in seconds in your mind. =ere is an alternate basic method of finding (C" of :umbers
(C" of numbers; find all the factors of numbers. :ow multiply the prime factors but the common prime factors should be multiplied For example Find (C" of ', '1B $he prime factors of ' are , and - because '+ xx$he prime factors of '1 are - and 1 because '1+ -x1 :ow multiply each prime factor but the common prime factors should be multiplied once i.e. since - is common prime factor among the factors given above, so we will multiply - only once. So the (C" of ' and '1 is xx-x1+ 3 Shortcut method of finding =CF )=ighest common factor4 $o find the =CF of numbers, first prime factors of given numbers. :ow multiply all the common prime factors. (et us take an example. Find the =CF of , MB Solution; list the prime factors of both numbers. + x-xM M+ x1xM :ow find the common prime factor. $he common prime factors are and M. So multiply and M. xM+ ' So the =CF of and M is '.
"ric,s for series questions in reasoning for soling t.e/ quic,ly $ricks on how to solve series problems in reasoning quickly Series questions are asked in almost all the competitive examination in reasoning section. So it is very important for a candidate who is preparing for competitive exams to solve series problems as quickly as possible and also as accurately as possible. So here are some of the tricks that will give you some idea on how to solve series questions in reasoning quickly. $o solve series questions in reasoning, you have to follow the below given steps in order to solve the given series in shortest possible time. Step '; check the series to see whether it is decreasing or increasing or alternating. Step ; do this step if the series is increasing or decreasing. Check to see if the series in increasing gradually or slowly. If it is so, then it might be an addition series. =owever if the series is rising sharply but slows down later, then there is more chances that the series might be formed by squared or cubed numbers. ut if the series is equally sharp throughout, then there are more chances that the series is multiplication based )with or without addition or subtraction4. $he same idea also applies when the series is decreasing )vice
)-Q-4<1+ )Q-4<3+ 1L )1Q-4
'. In a certain code, $@I!!(& is written as S=55G#. =ow is #IS!5S& written in that code B Option: A. CHRONRD B. DSOESPI C. ESJTPTF D. ESOPSID E. None of these Answer: A . CHRONRD
0ustification
&ach letter in the word is moved one step backward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code. . If in a certain language, "*#@*S is coded as :&S$, how is 5"*0 coded in that code B Option: A. CPNCBX B. CPNCBZ C. CPOCBZ D. CQOCBZ E. None of these Answer: B . CPNCBZ
0ustification
&ach letter in the word is moved one step forward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code. -. If in a code language, C5D(# is written as :$GC and "*@?I: is written as (2F=", how will "5D(#I:? be written in that code B Option: A. CHMFINTK B. LNKTCHMF C. LNTKCHMF D. NITKHCMF E. None of these Answer: C . LNTKCHMF
0ustification
&ach letter in the word is moved one step backward to obtain the corresponding letter of the code. . In a certain code, "5:G&0 is written as 6#":(. =ow is $I?&@ written in that code B Option: A. QDFHS B. SDFHS C. SHFDQ D. JHFS E. None of these Answer: A . QDFHS
0ustification
$he letters of the word are written in a reverse order and then each letter is moved one step backward to obtain the code. 1. In a certain code, C5"!D$&@ is written as @FDE:!C. =ow is "&#ICI:& written in the same codeB Option: A. EOJDJEFM B. EOJDEJFM C. MFEJDJOE D. MFEDJJOE E. None of these Answer: A . EOJDJEFM
0ustification
$he letters of the word are written in a reverse order and each letter, except the first and the last one, is moved one step forward, to obtain the code. 3. If EIC$5@0 is coded as 0(F%@D, how can SDCC&SS be coded B Option: A. !XEEI!! B. !XFFH!! C. !"EEH!! D. !"EFI!! E. None of these Answer: B . VXFFHVV
0ustification
&ach letter of the word is moved three steps forward to obtain the code. M. In a certain code, $5?&$=&@ is written as @&?@C$. In the same code, !*@5(& will be written as Option: A. NCPQJ# B. NCQPJ# C. RCPQJK D. RCTQNC E. None of these Answer: A . NCPQJG
0ustification
$he letters at odd positions are each moved two steps backward and those at even positions are each moved two steps forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code. L. If 5"*0 is written as "0"0"0, how will $*"I( :*#D be written in that code B Option: A. TI$TI$TI$ B. MNMNMN C. I$TI$TI$T D. $LD$LD$LD E. None of these Answer: B . MNUMNUMNU
0ustification
$he letters at the third and sixth places are repeated thrice to code 5"*0 as "0"0"0. Similarly, the letters at the third, sixth and ninth places are repeated thrice to code $*"I( :*#D as ":D":D":D. J. If F@I&:# is coded as =D"$G, how is C*:#(& written in that code B Option: A. EDRIRL B. DCQHQK C. ESJFME D. F"OBOC E. DEQJQM
Answer: A . EDRRL
0ustification
$he first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth letters of th word are respectively moved two, three, four, five, six and seven steps forward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code. '. If in a certain language, C5D:S&( is coded as I$I@*G, how is ?DI#*:C& written in that code B Option: A. EOH"ZKBB B. FOH"ZJBB C. FPHZZK$B D. HOH"BJB$ E. None of these Answer: B . FOH!ZJBB
0ustification $he letters at odd positions are each moved one step backward, while the letters at even positions are respectively moved six, five, four, three, two,... steps backward to obtain the corresponding letters of the code.
''. If #&(=I is coded as M-1' and C*(CD$$* as L1LJ33, how can C*(ICD$ be coded B Option: A. %&'()*+ B. %(',&+* C. ,&%+,(D. ,%)*-(+ Answer: C . "#$%"&'
0ustification
$he alphabets are coded as follows ; D E L H I C $ T ' * % ) + , & ( -
So, in C*(ICD$, C is coded as L, * as , ( as 1,
I as ', D as J and $ as 3. $hus, the code for C*(ICD$ is L1'LJ3. '. In a certain code, @I!!(& is written as 3'--L and (IF& is written as L'J. =ow is !I((&@ written in that code B Option:
A. *+,,&B. *+,&,C. -+,,&D. **,,+Answer: A . (%""#' 0ustification
$he alphabets are coded as shown ; R
I
P
L
E
F
-
+
*
,
&
(
So, in !I((&@, ! is coded as -, I as ', ( as L, & as and @ as 3. $hus, the code for !I((&@ is -'LL3. '-. If @5S& is coded as 3L', C=*I@ is coded as M-13 and !@&*C= is coded as J3'M-, what will be the code for S&*@C= B Option: A. &)-+'* B. &+)-'* C. &+)'-* D. &+-)'* Answer: B . #%)'*(
0ustification
$he alphabets are coded as shown ; R O S E C H $ I - ,
P
& + ' * ) %
J So, in S&*@C=, S ia coded as , & as ', * as , @ as 3, C as M, = as -. $hus, the code for S&*@C= is '3M-. '. If in a certain code, $%&:$0 is written as L3-JL1 and &(&E&: is written as ---J, how is $%&(E& written in that code B Option: A. ,-*&.* B. ,-*%,) C. ,-*(.* D. ,-*.-* Answer: A . "'(#+(
0ustification
$he alphabets are coded as shown ; T / , -
E N " L ! * (
% & .
So, In $%&(E& , $ is coded as L, % as 3, & as -, ( as , E as . $hus, the code for $%&(E& is L3--.
'1. If the letters in !@** are coded as M1J1, and $=I(*G are coded as -3L1', how can =*@*$=I be coded B Option: A. *'%*--,( B. %'-,-%*% C. (-%'%*-, D. (-,%%*-, Answer: C . &'$*$('"
0ustification
$he alphabets are soded as shown ; P R $ B T H I L K & ' % ( * - , ) +
So, is coded as J, = as 3, * as 1, @ as M, $ as - and I as L. $hus, the code for =*@*$=I is J31M1-3L. '3. If ?IE& is coded as 1'-M and *$ is coded as J, how is ?*$& coded B Option: A. %)&' B. %'&) C. %&)' D. &%)' Answer: C . $#)*
0ustification
$he alphabets are soded as shown ; #
I
!
E
B
$
T
%
+
*
'
(
&
)
So, ? is coded as 1, * as , $ as and & as M. $hus, the code fro ?*$& is 1M. 'M. If !*(& is coded as '-, &*@$= is coded as '1J, how is !&*@( coded in that code B Option: A. &(%*. B. &)+%* C. &%)+* D. &%)*. Answer: B . #)%$(
0ustification
$he alphabets are coded as shown ; P
$
L
E
R
T
H
&
+
*
)
%
(
.
So, ! is coded as , & as , * as ', @ as 1 and ( as -. $hus, the code for !&*@( is '1-. 'L. If in a certain language if &:$@0 is coded as '-1 and S$&*#0 is coded as J-'ML1, then state which is the correct code for below word. $&:*:$ Option: A. (%-+-( B. +(-&)' C. *%&+&* D. *+&'&* Answer: D . (%#*#(
0ustification
$he alphabets are soded as shown ;
E
N
T
R
"
S
$
D
+
&
*
)
% ( '
,
$ is coded as & as ', : as and * as M. So, $&:*:$ is coded as -'M-. http:001112e345oo526o70se8ies96o7petion0;4estion9
