If you can't access full doc , open this link : https://www.slideshare.net/LovellMenezes/class-12-marketing-783-department-store-project-guidelines-cbse Class 12 Marketing and Salesmanship Proj...Full description
chemistry class 12
Made according to CBSE guidelines . “Visited a departmental store/retail shop or consumer co-operative store located nearby to study and report on the functioning of the store or shop.” . Includ...Full description
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Apex institute for IIT-JEE is the institution of making IITians in the Ghaziabad. It is the Institute in Indirapuram to making IITians (Eng..). Its mission is to upgrade the teaching profes…Full description
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a detailed investigatory project on the preparation of soap for class 12 final practical exam.. this project received full marks from the external examiner.Full description
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Break even pricing is the practice of setting a price point at which a business will earn zero profits on a sale.The cost of production is composed of fixed cost of production and variable cost of production. Fixed cost arises on fixed factors of production, which do not change during short run. Variable cost of production arises on variable factors of production, and increase with increased volume of production. Break even e ven analysis u ses market demand as a basis of o f price determination. The formula for its calculation isBEP = Total Fixed Cost / Selling Price per unit – Va riable cost per unit
The equilibrium establishes at a point where total revenue is equal to total cost and the firm enters into ‘Break-even’; a situation of ‘no profit, no loss’. C. Competition-oriented pricing or market driven pricing-
Competitive pricing is setting the price o f a product or service based on what o ther firms are charging. This type of pricing generallytakes place in perfect competitive market situation. Here product is homogeneous and buyers and sellers are well informed about market price and market conditions. The seller has no control on price and has to accept this customary or market driven price. He cannot increase price rather has to adjust his cost to this customary price by reducing the quantity of the product. For example, Airtel initially kept high prices for its mobile services, but by entry of Vodafone, Idea and reliance Jio the prices for various mobile services have been slashed. The advantage ofcompetitive pricing is that it avoids price competition that can damage the company, but disadvantage disadvantage is that t hat t his pricing p ricing method may only cover p roduction costs, resulting in low profits p rofits to the firm .
D. Value- based pricingValue-based price is a pricing strategy which setsprices primarily, according to the perceived or estimated valueof a p roduct or service to customer custo mer rather rather than according to the cost of the product. In this type of pricing price of a product is determined on customers’ perception of value rather than the seller’s cost. Pricing begins with analysis of consumers’ needs and value perceptions and then company sets its target price and designs the product. It is quite opposite to cost based pricing as higher value of product is perceived due to company’s brand image or marketing at prestigious retail outlets. For example, the products sold at ‘Fab-India’ or ‘Forest Essentials’ cosmetics are considered as premium products by b y the the customers and so are priced high.
A Value-based pricing strategy can be advantageous because it goes inside the mind of the intended consumer to predict what the consumer would be willing to pay for a product and so helps helps firm in setting price.
