CISA Practice Exam Questions

CISA Practice Exam Questions 1. Which type of sampling is best when dealing with population characteristics such as dollar amounts and weights? A. Attribute sampling B. Variable sampling C. Stop-and-go sampling D. Discovery sampling 2. Which of the following sampling techniques is generally applied to compliance testing? A. Attribute sampling B. Variable sampling C. Stop-and-go sampling D. Discovery sampling 3. To guarantee the confidentiality of client information, an auditor should do which of the following when reviewing such information? A. Contact the CEO or CFO and request what sensitive information can and cannot be disclosed to authorities B. Assume full responsibility for the audit archive and stored data C. Leave all sensitive information a t the owners’ facility D. Not back up any of his or her work papers 4. Which of the following best describes materiality? A. An audit technique used to evaluate the need to perform an auditB. The principle that individuals, organizations, and the community are responsible for their actions and might be required to explain them C. The auditor’s independence and freedom from conflict of interest D. An auditing concept that examines the importance of an item of information in regard to the impact or effect on the entity being audited 5. Which of the following sampling technique is best to use to prevent excessive sampling? A. Attribute sampling B. Variable sampling C. Stop-and-go sampling D. Discovery sampling 6. Which of the following descriptions best defines auditor independence? A. The auditor has high regard for the company and holds several hundred shares of the company’s stock B. The auditor has a history of independence and even though the auditor has a niece that is employed by the company, he has stated that this is not a concern C. The auditor has previously given advice to the organization’s  design staff while employed as the auditor

D. The auditor is objective, not associated with the organization, and free of any connections to the client

7. Which of the following meets the description “the primary objective is to leverage the internal audit function by placing responsibility of control and monitoring onto the functional areas”? A. Integrated auditing B. Control self-assessment C. Automated work papers D. Continuous auditing 8. Which of the following sampling techniques would be best to use if the expected discovery rate is extremely low? A. Attribute sampling B. Variable sampling C. Stop-and-go sampling D. Discovery sampling 9. Which of the following offers how-to information? A. Standards B. Policy C. Guidelines D. Procedures 10. The type of risk that might not be detected by a system of internal controls is defined as which of the following? A. Control risk B. Audit risk C. Detection risk D. Inherent risk 11. Which of the following items makes computerassisted audit techniques (CAAT) important to an auditor? A. A large amount of information is obtained by using specific techniques to analyze systems. B. An assistant or untrained professional with no specialized training can utilize CAAT tools, which frees up the auditor to participate in other activities. C. CAAT requires more human involvement in the analysis than multifunction audit utilities. D. CAAT requires the auditor to reduce the sampling rate and provides a more narrow audit coverage. 12. The risk that a material error will occur because of weak controls or no controls is known as which of the following? A. Control risk B. Audit risk C. Detection risk D. Inherent risk

13. You have been asked to audit a series of controls. Using Figure E.1 as your reference, what type of control have you been asked to examine? A. Amount total B. Hash total C. Item total D. Data checksum Figure E.1. [View full size image]

C. System-development methodologies and changecontrol procedures that have been implemented to protect the organization and maintain compliance D. Procedures that provide reasonable assurance to control and manage data-processing operations 18. Which of the following is the best example of a detective control? A. Access-control software that uses passwords, tokens, and/or biometrics B. Intrusion-prevention systems C. Backup procedures used to archive data D. Variance reports 19. Which of the following is not one of the four common elements needed to determine whether fraud is present? A. An error in judgment B. Knowledge that the statement was false C. Reliance on the false statement D. Resulting damages or losses

14. Which of the following is the best tool to extract data that is relevant to the audit? A. Integrated auditing B. Generalized audit software C. Automated work papers D. Continuous auditing 15. You have been asked to perform an audit of the disaster-recovery procedures. As part of this process, you must use statistical sampling techniques to inventory all backup tapes. Which of the following descriptions best defines what you have been asked to do? A. Continuous audit B. Integrated audit C. Compliance audit D. Substantive audit 16. According to ISACA, which of the following is the fourth step in the risk based audit approach? A. Gather information and plan B. Perform compliance tests C. Perform substantive tests D. Determine internal controls 17. Which general control procedure most closely maps to the information systems control procedure that specifies, “Operational controls that are  focused on day-to-day activities”? A. Business continuity and disaster-recovery procedures that provide reasonable assurance that the organization is secure against disasters B. Procedures that provide reasonable assurance for the control of database administration

20. You have been asked to implement a continuous auditing program. With this in mind, which of the following should you first identify? A. Applications with high payback potential B. The format and location of input and output files C. Areas of high risk within the organization D. Targets with reasonable thresholds 21. Which of the following should be the first step for organizations wanting to develop an information security program? A. Upgrade access-control software to a biometric or token system B. Approve a corporate information security policy statement C. Ask internal auditors to perform a comprehensive review D. Develop a set of information security standards 22. Which of the following is primarily tasked with ensuring that the IT department is properly aligned with the goals of the business? A. Chief executive officer B. Board of directors C. IT steering committee D. Audit committee 23. The balanced score card differs from historic measurement schemes, in that it looks at more than what? A. Financial results B. Customer satisfaction C. Internal process efficiency D. Innovation capacity

24. Which of the following is the purpose of enterprise architecture (EA)? A. Ensure that internal and external strategy are aligned B. Map the IT infrastructure of the organization C. Map the IT infrastructure of the organization and ensure that its design maps to the organization’s strategy D. Ensure that business strategy and IT investments are aligned 25. Which of the following types of planning entails an outlook of greater than three years? A. Daily planning B. Long-term planning C. Operational planning D. Strategic planning 26. A new IT auditor has been asked to examine some processing, editing, and validation controls. Can you help define the control shown in Figure E.2? A. Validity check B. Reasonableness check C. Existence check D. Range check Figure E.2. [View full size image]

28. Which of the following is the best method to identify problems between procedure and activity? A. Policy review B. Direct observation C. Procedure review D. Interview 29. You are working with a risk-assessment team that is having a hard time calculating the potential financial loss to the company’s brand name that   could result from a risk. What should the team do next? A. Calculate the return on investment (ROI) B. Determine the single loss expectancy (SLE) C. Use a qualitative approach D. Review actuary tables 30. What operation-migration strategy has the highest possible level of risk? A. Parallel B. Hard C. Phased D. Intermittent 31. Many organizations require employees to rotate to different positions. Why? A. Help deliver effective and efficient services B. Provide effective cross-training C. Reduce the opportunity for fraud or improper or illegal acts D. Increase employee satisfaction 32. The balanced score card looks at four metrics. Which of the following is not one of those metrics? A. External operations B. The customer C. Innovation and learning D. Financial data

27. Senior management needs to select a strategy to determine who will pay for the information system’s services. Which of the following payment methods is known as a “pay as you go” system? A. Single cost B. Shared cost C. Chargeback D. Sponsor pays

33. You have been assigned to a softwaredevelopment project that has 80 linked modules and is being developed for a system that handles several million transactions per year. The primary screen of the application has data items that carry up to 20 data attributes. You have been asked to work with the audit staff to determine a true estimate of the development effort. Which of the following is the best technique to determine the size of the project? A. White-boxing B. Black-boxing C. Function point analysis D. Source lines of code 34. Which of the following is the preferred tool for estimating project time when a degree of uncertainty exists? A. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

B. Source lines of code (SLOC) C. Gantt D. Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) 35. Which of the following techniques is used to determine what activities are critical and what the dependencies are among the various tasks? A. Compiling a list of each task required to complete the project B. COCOMO C. Critical path methodology (CPM) D. Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) 36. Which of the following is considered a traditional system development lifecycle model? A. The waterfall model B. The spiral development model C. The prototyping model D. Incremental development 37. You have been assigned as an auditor to a new software project. The team members are currently defining user needs and then mapping how the proposed solution meets the need. At what phase of the SDLC are they? A. Feasibility B. Requirements C. Design D. Development 38. Which of the following is not a valid output control? A. Logging B. Batch controls C. Security signatures D. Report distribution 39. The following question references Figure E.3. Item A refers to which of the following? A. Foreign key B. Tuple C. Attribute D. Primary key Figure E.3. [View full size image]

40. You have been asked to suggest a control that could be used to determine whether a credit card transaction is legitimate or potentially from a stolen credit card. Which of the following would be the best tool for this need? A. Decision support systems B. Expert systems C. Intrusion-prevention systems D. Data-mining techniques 41. You have been asked to suggest a control that can be used to verify that batch data is complete and was transferred accurately between two applications. What should you suggest? A. A control total B. Check digit C. Completeness check D. Limit check 42. Which of the following types of programming language is used to develop decision support systems? A. 2GL B. 3GL C. 4GL D. 5GL 43. You have been asked to work with a new project manager. The project team has just started work on the payback analysis. Which of the following is the best answer to identify the phase of the system development lifecycle of the project? A. Feasibility B. Requirements C. Design D. Development 44. In many ways, IS operations is a service organization because it provides services to its users. As such, how should an auditor recommend that the

percentage of help-desk or response calls answered within a given time be measured? A. Uptime agreements B. Time service factor C. Abandon rate D. First call resolution 45. What is the correct term for items that can occur without human interaction? A. Lights out B. Automated processing C. “Follow the sun” operations D. Autopilot operations

52. The following question references Figure E.4. Item C refers to which of the following? A. Foreign key B. Tuple C. Attribute D. Primary key Figure E.4. [View full size image]

46. Which of the following is an example of a 2GL language? A. SQL B. Assembly C. FORTRAN D. Prolog 47. When discussing web services, which of the following best describes a proxy server? A. Reduces load for the client system B. Improves direct access to the Internet C. Provides an interface to access the private domain D. Provides high-level security services 48. Regarding cohesion and coupling, which is best? A. High cohesion, high coupling B. High cohesion, low coupling C. Low cohesion, low coupling D. Low cohesion, high coupling 49. Bluetooth class 1 meets which of the following specifications? A. Up to 5 m of range and .5 mW of power B. Up to 10 m of range and 1 mW of power C. Up to 20 m of range and 2.5 mW of power D. Up to 100 m of range and 100 mW of power 50. When discussing electronic data interface (EDI), which of the following terms best describes the device that transmits and receives electronic documents between trading partners? A. Value Added Network (VAN) B. X12 C. Communications handler D. Electronic Data Interchange For Administration Commerce And Transport (EDIFACT) 51. Which type of network is used to connect multiple servers to a centralized pool of disk storage? A. PAN B. LAN C. SAN D. MAN

53. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for packet routing? A. Application B. Transport C. Session D. Network 54. Which of the following types of testing is usually performed at the implementation phase, when the project staff is satisfied with all other tests and the application is ready to be deployed? A. Final acceptance testing B. System testing C. Interface testing D. Unit testing 55. Which of the following devices can be on the edge of networks for basic packet filtering? A. Bridge B. Switch C. Router D. VLAN 56. MAC addresses are most closely associated with which layer of the OSI model? A. Data link B. Network C. Session D. Physical

57. The IP address of 128.12.3.15 is considered to be which of the following? A. Class A B. Class B C. Class C D. Class D 58. Which of the following statements is most correct? RIP is considered... A. A routing protocol B. A routable protocol C. A distance-vector routing protocol D. A link-state routing protocol

C. RAD D. Spiral 65. Which type of database is shown in Figure E.5? A. Relational B. Network C. Hierarchical D. Floating flat Figure E.5.

59. Which of the following test types is used after a change to verify that inputs and outputs are correct? A. Regression testing B. System testing C. Interface testing D. Pilot testing 60. Which of the following is an example of a 5GL language? A. SQL B. Assembly C. FORTRAN D. Prolog 61. Which of the following types of network topologies is hard to expand, with one break possibly disabling the entire segment? A. Bus B. Star C. Token Ring D. Mesh 62. What is the most important reason to use plenumgrade cable? A. Increased network security B. Less attenuation C. Less cross-talk D. Fire-retardant coating 63. Which of the following copper cable network configurations is considered the most secure from eavesdropping or interception? A. A switched VLAN using multimode fiber cable B. A Token Ring network using Cat 5 cabling C. A switched network that uses Cat 5e shielded cable D. A bus network using 10BASE2 cabling 64. Which of the following is an iterative development method in which repetitions are referred to as sprints and typically last 30 days? A. Scrum B. Extreme programming

66. As a new auditor, you have been asked to review network operations. Which of the following weaknesses should you consider the most serious? A. Data files can be amended or changed by supervisors. B. Data files can be lost during power outages because of poor backup. C. Sensitive data files can be read by managers. D. Copies of confidential reports can be printed by anyone. 67. Which of the following is the best example of a control mechanism to be used to control component failure or errors? A. Redundant WAN links B. Just a Bunch of Disks/Drives (JBOD) C. RAID 0 D. RAID 1 68. Which of the following is the best technique for an auditor to verify firewall settings? A. Interview the network administrator B. Review the firewall configuration C. Review the firewall log for recent attacks D. Review the firewall procedure 69. Which of the following is not a circuit-switching technology? A. DSL B. POTS C. T1 D. ATM

70. Which of the following uses a process to standardize code modules to allow for cross-platform operation and program integration? A. Component-based development (CBD) B. Web-based application development (WBAD) C. Object-oriented systems development (OOSD) D. Data-oriented system development (DOSD) 71. Data warehouses are used to store historic data of an organization. As such, which of the following is the most accurate way to describe data warehouses? A. Subject-oriented B. Object-oriented C. Access-oriented D. Control-oriented 72. Which of the following access-control models allows the user to control access? A. Mandatory access control (MAC) B. Discretionary access control (DAC) C. Role-based access control (RBAC) D. Access control list (ACL)

D. Delayed 77. According to ISACA, the second step in the business continuity planning (BCP) process is which of the following? A. Project management and initiation B. Plan design and development C. Recovery strategy D. Business impact analysis 78. You have been asked to review the documentation for a planned database. Which type of database is represented by Figure E.6? A. Relational B. Network C. Hierarchical D. Floating flat Figure E.6.

73. While auditing the identification and authentication system, you want to discuss the best method you reviewed. Which of the following is considered the strongest? A. Passwords B. Tokens C. Two-factor authentication D. Biometrics 74. If asked to explain the equal error rate (EER) to another auditor, what would you say? A. The EER is used to determine the clipping level used for password lockout. B. The EER is a measurement that indicates the point at which FRR equals FAR. C. The EER is a rating used for password tokens. D. The EER is a rating used to measure the percentage of biometric users who are allowed access and who are not authorized users. 75. You have been asked to head up the audit of a business application system. What is one of the first tasks you should perform? A. Interview users B. Review process flowcharts C. Evaluate controls D. Determine critical areas 76. Closed-circuit TV (CCTV) systems are considered what type of control? A. Corrective B. Detective C. Preventive

79. Which of the following issues ticket-granting tickets? A. The Kerberos authentication service B. The RADIUS authentication service C. The Kerberos ticket-granting service D. The RADIUS ticket-granting service 80. Which of the following is the most important corrective control that an organization has the capability to shape? A. Audit plan B. Security assessment C. Business continuity plan D. Network topology 81. Which one of the following is not considered an application system testing technique? A. Snapshots B. Mapping C. Integrated test facilities D. Base case system evaluation 82. Which of the following statements regarding recovery is correct?

A. The greater the recovery point objective (RPO), the more tolerant the process is to interruption. B. The less the recovery time objective (RTO), the longer the process can take to be restored. C. The less the RPO, the more tolerant the process is to interruption. D. The greater the RTO, the less time the process can take to be restored.

83. Which of the following best defines the service delivery objective (SDO)? A. Defines the maximum amount of time the organization can provide services at the alternate site B. Defines the level of service provided by alternate processes C. Defines the time that systems can be offline before causing damage D. Defines how long the process can take to be restored 84. During which step of the business continuity planning (BCP) process is a risk assessment performed? A. Project management and initiation B. Plan design and development C. Recovery strategy D. Business impact analysis

D. The percentage of legitimate users who are denied access

89. Class A fires are comprised of which of the following? A. Electronic equipment B. Paper C. Oil D. Metal 90. You are performing an audit of an organization’s physical security controls, specifically, emergency controls. When doors that use relays or electric locks are said to fail soft, what does that mean? A. Locks of this type fail open. B. Locks of this type are easy to pick. C. Locks of this type fail closed. D. Locks of this type are hard to pick.

91. Which type of database is represented by Figure E.7? A. Relational B. Network C. Hierarchical D. Floating flat Figure E.7.

85. When auditing security for a data center, the auditor should look for which of the following as the best example of long-term power protection? A. Standby generator B. Uninterrupted power supply C. Surge protector D. Filtered power supply 86. Which of the following would be considered the most complex continuous audit technique? A. Continuous and intermittent simulation (CIS) B. Snapshots C. Audit hooks D. Integrated test facilities 87. Which of the following is not a replacement for Halon? A. FM-200 B. NAF-S-3 C. FM-100 D. Argon 88. When discussing biometrics, what do Type 1 errors measure? A. The point at which the false rejection rate (FRR) equals the false acceptance rate (FAR) B. The accuracy of the biometric system C. The percentage of illegitimate users who are given access

92. Systems control audit review file and embedded audit modules (SCARF/EAM) is an example of which of the following? A. Output controls B. Continuous online auditing C. Input controls D. Processing controls 93. Which type of access rights control model is widely used by the DoD, NSA, CIA, and FBI? A. MAC B. DAC C. RBAC D. ACL 94. Why is the protection of processing integrity important? A. To maintain availability to users so they have the availability to copy and use data without delay B. To protect data from unauthorized access while in transit

C. To prevent output controls from becoming tainted D. To maintain data encryption on portable devices so that data can be relocated to another facility while being encrypted 95. A privacy impact analysis (PIA) is tied to several items. Which of the following is not one of those items? A. Technology B. Processes C. People D. Documents 96. Which of the following is ultimately responsible for the security practices of the organization? A. Security advisory group B. Chief security officer C. Executive management D. Security auditor 97. Which of the following guarantees that all foreign keys reference existing primary keys? A. Relational integrity B. Referential integrity C. Entity integrity D. Tracing and tagging

102. Transport-layer security (TLS) can best be described as being found between which two layers of the OSI model? A. Layers 2 and 3 B. Layers 3 and 4 C. Layers 4 and 5 D. Layers 5 and 6 103. Which of the following descriptions highlights the importance of domain name service (DNS)? A. Address of a domain server B. Resolves fully qualified domain names to IP addresses C. Resolves known IP address for unknown Internet addresses D. Resolves IP and MAC addresses needed for delivery of Internet data 104. Using Figure E.8 as a reference, which of the following best describes a 10BASE5 network design? A. Item A B. Item B C. Item C D. Item D Figure E.8.

98. Which of the following would a company extend to allow network access to a business partner? A. Internet B. Intranet C. Extranet D. VLAN 99. What term is used to describe the delay that information will experience from the source to the destination? A. Echo B. Latency C. Delay D. Congestion 100. You have been asked to describe what security feature can be found in the wireless standard 802.11a. How will you respond? A. Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) B. Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) C. Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) D. Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) 101. Which of the following is not a packet-switching technology? A. X.25 B. ISDN C. Frame Rely D. ATM

105. You have been asked to describe a program that can be classified as terminal-emulation software. Which of the following would you mention? A. Telnet B. FTP C. SNMP D. SMTP 106. Which of the following services operates on ports 20 and 21? A. Telnet B. FTP C. SMTP D. DHCP 107. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for reliable data delivery? A. Data link

B. Session C. Transport D. Network

C. A processing control that is considered detective D. A validation edit control that is considered detective

108. An objective of the implementation phase of a newly installed system can include which of the following? A. Conducting a certification test B. Determining user requirements C. Assessing the project to see if expected benefits were achieved D. Reviewing the designed audit trails

115. Referential integrity is used to prevent which of the following? A. Attribute errors B. Relational errors C. Dangling tuples D. Integrity constraints

109. Which of the following is the best example of a processing control? A. Exception reports B. Sequence check C. Key verification D. Logical relationship check 110. Which of the following devices is most closely related to the data link layer? A. Hub B. Repeater C. Bridge D. Router 111. Which of the following provide the capability to ensure the validity of data through various stages of processing? A. Manual recalculations B. Programming controls C. Run-to-run totals D. Reasonableness verification 112. You overheard the database administrator discussing normalizing some tables. What is the purpose of this activity? A. Decrease redundancy B. Increase redundancy C. Decrease application malfunction D. Increase accuracy 113. Which of the following is not included in a PERT chart? A. The most optimistic time the task can be completed in B. The most cost-effective scenario for the task C. The worst-case scenario or longest time the task can take D. The most likely time the task will be completed in 114. Verifications such as existence checks can best be described as: A. A processing control that is considered preventive B. A validation edit control that is considered preventive

116. Which of the following best describes the difference between accreditation and certification? A. Certification is initiated after the accreditation of the system to ensure that the system meets required standards. B. Certification is initiated before accreditation to ensure that quality personnel are using the new designed systems. C. Accreditation is issued after certification. Accreditation is a management function, while certification is a technical function. D. Production and management might see accreditation and certification as basically one and the same. 117. You have been asked to review the organization’s planned firewall design. As such, which of the following best describes the topology shown in Figure E.9? A. Packet filter B. Screened subnet C. Screened host D. Dual-homed host Figure E.9.

118. Which of the following database designs is considered a lattice structure because each record can have multiple parent and child records? Although this design can work well in stable environments, it can be extremely complex. A. The hierarchical database-management systems B. The relational database-management systems

C. The network database-management systems D. The structured database-management systems

119. Which of the following is not used when calculating function point analysis? A. Number of user inquires B. Number of files C. Number of user inputs D. Number of expected users 120. Which of the following is an example of an interpreted programming language? A. FORTRAN B. Assembly C. Basic D. Java 121. Which of the following is an example of a 4GL language? A. SQL B. Assembly C. FORTRAN D. Prolog 122. Which of the following database takes the form of a parent/child structure? A. The hierarchical database-management systems B. The relational database-management systems C. The network database-management systems D. The structured database-management systems 123. You have been asked to explain rings of protection and how the concept applies to the supervisory mode of the operating system (OS). Which of the following is the best description? A. System utilities should run in supervisor mode. B. Supervisor state allows the execution of all instructions, including privileged instructions. C. Supervisory mode is used to block access to the security kernel. D. Rings are arranged in a hierarchy from leastprivileged to the most-privileged as the most trusted usually has the highest ring number 124. You have been asked to design a control. The organization would like to limit what check numbers are used. Specfically, they would like to be able to flag a check numbered 318 if the day’s first check had the number 120 and the day’s last check was number 144. What type of validation check does the department require? A. Limit check B. Range check C. Validity check D. Sequence check

125. Which of the following descriptions best describes a delay window? A. The time between when an event occurs and when the audit record is reviewed B. The time between when an incident occurs and when it is addressed C. The time between when an event occurs and when the audit record is recorded D. The difference between a threshold and a trigger 126. You have been asked to review a console log. What type of information should you expect to find? A. Names and passwords of system users B. Application access and backup times C. System errors D. Errors from data edits 127. During a software change process, auditors might be asked to verify existing source code at some point. What is the most effective tool for auditors to compare old and new software for unreported changes? A. Function point analysis (FPA) B. Manual review of the software C. Variation tools D. Source code comparison software 128. Which of the following is not a valid processing control? A. Authorization B. Processing C. Validation D. Editing 129. Which of the following is not part of the projectmanagement triangle? A. Scope B. Time C. Resources D. Cost 130. Using Figure E.10 as a reference, place the four recovery time objectives in their proper order. A. Items A, B, C, D B. Items B, C, D, A C. Items D, A, C, B D. Items C, B, D, A Figure E.10.

in modern development programs because additional factors that are not considered will affect the overall cost? A. Facilited Risk Assessment Process (FRAP) B. Gantt C. Function point analysis (FPA) D. Source lines of code (SLOC) 135. Which of the following is the best example of a quantitative risk assessment technique? A. The Delphi technique B. Facilitated risk-assessment process C. Actuarial tables D. Risk rating of high, medium, or low CreCrePrin Html ThuZooZooToggle to PrevNex 131. When dealing with project-management issues, which of the following is ultimately responsible and must ensure that stakeholders’ needs are met? A. Stakeholders B. Project steering committee C. Project manager D. Quality assurance 132. Projects must take on an organizational form. These organizational forms or frameworks can be either loosely structured or very rigid. Which project form matches the description “The project manager has no real authority, and the functional manager remains in charge”? A. Weak matrix B. Pure project C. Balanced matrix D. Influence 133. Which of the following is the best description of the Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO)? A. COCOMO is a model that forecasts the cost and schedule of software development, including the number of persons and months required for the development. B. COCOMO is a model that forecasts network costs associated with hardware, the physical medium, and trained personnel. C. COCOMO is a forecast model that estimates the time involved in producing a product and shipping to the end user. D. COCOMO is a model that forecasts the construction of additional companies associated with organizational growth. 134. Which of the following software-estimating methods does not work as well