lab manual , hcmiu, biotechnology, chemistry , lab guild The ionic model, the description of bonding in terms of ions, is particularly appro- priate for describing binary compounds formed …Full description
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Laboratory Report about a Kinetics experiment done in my AP Chemistry class.
MY CHEMISTRY S.B.A
Experiment #1 Topic: States of matter (Diffusion) Aim: To demonstrate diffusion of potassium permanganate permanganate (KMnO4) Apparatus/Materials: KMnO4 Crystals, distilled water, spatula, and beaker. Method: A large beaker was filled with water and was placed on a flat surface. It was allowed to settle. Afterwards some crystals of potassium permanganate were added to the water. The beaker was left undisturbed and was observed at intervals for an hour.
Diagram:
Beaker Distilled Water
KMnO4
KMnO4 BEFORE
AFTER
DIAGRAM SHOWING DIFFUSION BEFORE AND AFTER.
Observation: when the KMnO4 was added to the water all the crystals gradually dropped to the bottom of the beaker the colour at the bottom of the beaker was dark purple. The crystals began to rise to the top of the beaker. The colour of the water began to change. After a while all the water that was present in the beaker turned dark purple. Discussion: Diffusion is the spread of particles through random motion from regions of high concentration to regions of lower concentration. In the water the particles moved more freely because molecules and ions tend to move freely when freely when they are in a solution. When they can move freely molecules tend o spread themselves out as evenly as they can. As in the experiment the potassium permanganate particles started to move more freely and spread from an area of high concentration in the potassium permanganate crystals to an area of low concentration in the water,
which resulted in the color purple being gradually spread through the water and equilibrium was reached at the end of the experiment Conclusion: It can be concluded that potassium permanganate crystals diffuse in water.
Experiment #2 Topic: States of matter (Sublimation) Aim: To demonstrate sublimation using naphthalene Apparatus/Materials: Apparatus/Materials: Naphthalene, Filter funnel, evaporating dish, Bunsen burner, wire gauze, tripod stand, spatula Method: Two spatula of naphthalene were placed on an evaporating dish. An inverted filter funnel was placed over the evaporating dish containing the naphthalene. The evaporating dish was gently heated until sublimation began. The evaporating and the inverted filter funnel were allowed to cool to be observed
Diagram:
DIAGRAM SHOWING SUBLIMATION
Observation: When the two spatula of naphthalene were gently heated it changed from solid to liquid. After few minutes it started to give off gas sublimates. Upon cooling the solution turn back to a solid state. Some crystals were left on the side of the filter fi lter funnel. Discussion: sublimation is the direct conversion of a vapour on heating, and vapour to solid on cooling. When the naphthalene was heated it began to sublime. After cooing the naphthalene turn back to solid form to demonstrate the process of sublimation. Conclusion: Based on the observation obtained it can be co ncluded that sublimation too place when the naphthalene was heated.
