Chemistry Lab Report 4

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Separation of the Components of a Binary Mixture

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Introduction

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c c  c  
c cc  cc c c  c c
cc
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cc c c  cc 
c
cc c
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c  
c  c cc c
cc
ccc  
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cc cccc   c
c  
ccc c  c  c  cc c 
c 
 c  cc 
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c 
cc
cc
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c  
c 
c
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c  
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c c c c 
c  c

 separation techniques 1.c Sublimation- c c 
ccc
c  cc
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 ccc c
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c
 cc

c  cO cc c cccc
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c c
c c

cc 


2.c G aporation- c c 
ccc
c
cc c cc
c

c
c

ccccc
c c
c  c
c

3.c Gxtraction-cc
ccc c  c
c
ccc
c  c
c c c  c
c


4.c uiltration- c
cc

ccc
c
ccc 
c cc
 c  cO cc 
c c c

c cc  c
c c c c


.c Äecantation- c c
ccc

cc
c
c
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c c



c cc 

cc 

cc
c c  c Œc
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cc 
cc
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cc  c  

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c c ccc
c  c
cc  c  c Πc
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c 

cc 
cc 

c  c
cc c
c c  cO c
c c c  c
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c
c 
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c
cc 
c  c  
c c   c cc

c ccc ccc
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c
c c
c c  c
c
c
 c c Ohe separation of this mixture consists of 2 main steps:  c G 
ccc
c  ccc

c  c  
ccccccc
c   c c uigure 1-A: Separation Scheme Mixture: c c ccc cc
c

c c

G  c
cΠc c 
 c

c c

Solution: c cc

Residue:ccccccccc  ccc

c c

G c Πc

G c Πc

NaCl(s)

Sea Sand

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Îrocedure A.c Îreliminary Steps  c  
cccc c
c c c c ccc c c  

c  c  
ccccc
ccc c 
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c c c c ccc

c c
c c
ccc c
ccc c c 

c  c  c cccc c
c
 c c ccc c 
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c c

c c cc
c c c
c cc c
ccc c c  

c  c  
c ccc c
cc 
c ccc c cc c ccc cc  

c c
cc c c   c c c c c 

c c

B.c Separation of the water insoluble solid  c cccc

c  c c c
c
c c cΠcc c   c 
ccc
c cc c
ccc
c
c

cc
cc cc
  cO cc c
cc
c c  c
c ccc 
c
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 cc c c
cc
c
c

c
c
cc c c  c ccc c
cc c c c 

c  c cc
 cc
 cc
cc 
c c c c  c
c
c
c  c  c cc
 cc

ccc
c cO cc
cc cc 

c
c  c c  c c c
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c
c cc c c c c c  c c c cc
c
 
cc
c
c  c
c
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c ccc c c  c c c
c  
c
c c
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c
 
c  c
c cc  c c
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 c c c c Ä N O ÄISCARÄ O
G uILOGR ÎAÎGR c c
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c c  cc c cc c
cc c c  c 
c c
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cccc  ccc c
c
c c c cc c

c c c
  c
c c cccGGOcOŒcOGcGc G c

 c  c c ccc c   cc 

cc c cc

c  c cc
c
c  c c

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c
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c
cc c c cc c c c cc   c

c 
 c cc
c cccc c ccc c c 

c  c 
c ccc c ccc 
c ccc c c  c c c  
ccc c ccc c cc c c c 

c c

uIGURGS u SOGÎS:

c c c c c c


c
c


c
c

C.c Ärying the Sea Sand Sample for Reco ery Calculations  c 
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c c
cc c c c ccc c
ccc

c c 

c  c Oc c  ccc c
 cc cc c  c  ccc
c c  cccc c   cc  c cc c  c c cc
c  cc cc ccc
 c  c  c cc c c cc   c
 c cc  

c c cc c c c ccc c
cc c c c 

c  c  
c ccc c cccc 
c ccc c  cccc ccc cc  

c cc c c c cc c ccc c c 

c c c

Ä.c Calculations and Gquations

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c c
c c c        †
     c        Ü yield= (1.74/2.00)x100= 87Ü  c   c c  cc c  c
c c
c
c c
c  c c

c

c

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†     

c

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,  c

c c Ü of Sand: (0.81/2.00)x 100= 40.Ü Ü of NaCl: (0.93/2.00)x 100= 46.Ü c c c

Gquipment Œccc
cc c
 cc
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c 
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cc


cc 
cc

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c 
cc 
cc

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cc


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Äata and Calculations Separation of the Components of a Binary Mixture Äata Sheet  ccc cc  c c  ccc cc!c
c  cc c  ccc
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c  c c  ccc cc  cc c  ccc cc!cc  cc c  cccc
c  cc c

c

 ccc cc c  ccc cc!cc c

cccc
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 cc  cc  cc Calculations

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c c!c c  c  c$
c "c# c c

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c c

Results and Äiscussion c
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cc c  ccc
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c ccc cc c c 
c cc
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cc c  c
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c  c c c c c 
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c cc
c c c  c
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ccc
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c
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cc c
ccc
cc c
 
c ccc
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c  
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c c c c
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 c c cc c
c
 
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c
c cc c

c ccc 
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c c

c
c c  c c c  c O c 

c 
c c
c c c c c c
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c
 
c cc c
  c c  c
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c c

c
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cccc

c  c c c
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cc
c c cO cccc  c cc
cc

c c ccc c
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c  c
ccc c
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c c
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c  c c

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c
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c cc cc c c c c   c c c c c c   c  c
c c c c c 
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c ccc c  cO ccc c cc c  
c c  
c c c c c  c c c c c c c c c

 

c c c  c  
c c  
c c c c c  c c c c c c c cccccccc cc ccc c cc
cc c c  
cc c c 

cOc ccc
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c

cc c c c c c  c c
c cc c
c   cO cc c

c c c c  c c 
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c c  
c c c c c  c c c c cc cc  

ccc cO ccc c ccc c   c  c c c cccccc c 
c cc c 
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cc  ccc  c c  c O c   c 
c c c c 


c c c c c  c 
c c c cc c
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c c cc c   "c cO c  c 
cc
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cc c c  c   c c c c  c   c  c
c c c   c 
c  c c
c  c ccc
cc 
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c
c 
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c cccc c
c
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cc c 


c  c 
c  c c 
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c ccccc c


c c c
c
c c   c  c c c c c
c c   c  c c  c c  c 
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c c 
c c c 
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c
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c  c c c   c 
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Îost Lab Questions 1. What was your percent yield? O c   c 
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cc c    "c  2. Gi e two reasons why the percentage yield can differ from 100Ü. Äo not include in your answer explanations like ͞
uman error͟ or ͞instrumental error͟. cO cc c c  c
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cc c
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cc c


c

cc
c  cc
c ccc c c
c cc c c
c c  cc c c
c c  c
c c cc
cccc cc 

cO
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c 


c 4. Ohe sand was not completely free of water when the mass was reported on the data sheet.
ow does this affect the calculated percentage composition of the sand in the mixture? Would the calculated percentage composition of the sand be higher, lower, or unaffected? O c  c 

c cc
 c c cc cc   c
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c c  cO c  c c 
 c cc ccc c cc 
c ccc cc c cc 
c ccc ccc c  c
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c 3. If a student was unable to completely dissol e all the NaCl in the water, what effect would this ha e on the calculation of the percentage yield? Would the percentage yield be higher, lower or unaffected?cc O c  c
c cc c c ccc cc c c ccc   c
c c c c  c 
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