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Ammonia and Its Salts PROPERTIES OF AMMONIA USES OF AMMONIA MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA
Proudly done done by : Muh M uham amad ad Aq Aqma mall Aw Awal allu ludidin, n,Ca Calv lvinin Ji Jiks ksining, g,Si Sitti Na Nabibiha hahh Mo Moha hama madd Ro Rozy zy.. 4 Intel Intelek ek 201 0100
oup Gr oup
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
Member s
Prepared by : Calvin Jiksing Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
Uses of Ammonia
Making of fertilisers
Manufacture nitric acid
Revive fainted people
Electrolyte in dry cells
Synthetic fibres
Making of explosives
Prevent coagulation Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
Cooling agent
Uses of Ammonia To manufacture nitrogenous fertiliser need fertiliser needed ed for for plant plant growth. y
ogenous fer tilise tiliser s The nitr ogenous ar e actually ammonium salts obtained fr om om neutr alisat alisation ion of ammonia ammonia with differ ent ent acids.
y
tiliser s incl includ ude e: These fer tilise (a)Ammonium phosphate (b)Ammonium nitr ate ate (c)Ammonium sulphate (d)Ur ea ea
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
As raw material for the manufacture of nitric acid. y
Ammonia is used to make nitr ic ic acid thr ough ough Ostwald process.
Uses of Ammonia As a cooling agent in refrigerators. y
Liquid ammonia is used as cooling agent in r ef efr ige iger ato ator because ammonia is highly compressible and has a high heat capacity.
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
To prevent coagulation of latex. y
Ammonia can neutr alise alise the acid produced by bacteria in the latex , thus pr eventing eventing latex fr om om coagulat coagulating ing and can be expor ted ted in the liquid for m. m.
Prep Prepar ared ed by : Muha Muhama madd Aqma Aqmall bin bin Awall Awallud udinin Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
Ammonia?
is alkaline
is a colourless gas
has a pungent smell
is less dense than air
burns in oxygen gas, O2 but not in the air
is very soluble in water
gives a white fune when reacted with hydrogen chloride gas, HCl. Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
oper ties ties of Ammonia Pr ope
Ammonia is
Ammonia
very soluble in water, water, but bu t it ionises ses part partially in water to f or m a weak alkali.
being alkaline can undergo neutralisation with acids to f or m ammonium salts.
Ammonia neutr alise alisess su sulph lphu ur ic acid to for m ammonium sulphate. 2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
(NH4)2SO4(aq)
Ammonia gas r eacts eacts with hydr ogen ogen chlor ide ide gas to for m dense white fumes of ammonium chlo r ide. ide. This is used as a test for detecting ammonia gas. NH3(g) + HCl(g) Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
NH2Cl(s)
Prepared by : Siti Siti Nab Nabihah binti inti Mohamad mad Rozy Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
How was the Ammonia being manufactured?
through Haber Process.
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
ocess Haber Pr ocess y
y
y
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
Was invented in 1918 by a Noble Pr ize ize winner , Fr itz itz Haber (1868-1934). This r eaction eaction makes ammonia out of hydr ogen ogen and nitr ogen. ogen. The nitr ogen ogen comes fr om om the the ai a ir (78% N).
ocess The Haber Pr ocess y y
ocess is a r eve ever sible sible r eaction. eaction. The Haber pr ocess A r eve ever sible sible r eaction eaction is one wher e the pr oducts cts of the r eaction eaction can themselves r eact to pr oduce oduce the or iginal iginal r eactants. eactants.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---> ---> 2NH3(g (g)) Heat of r eaction eaction = -92 kJ mo1 -1
The conditions below ar e need needed ed in
manufactu r ing ing Ammonia.
Temper atu atur e Pr essu essur e
Catalyst
: 450 C : 200 atm : Ir on on
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
Û
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) <----> 2NH3 (g)
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
Haber Pr oces ocesss ² Ma Manu nufac facttur e of Ammonia
Figur e above shows the manufactur e of ammonia, NH3 thr ough ough the Haber Pr ocess ocess
Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
Air
Nitr ogen ogen
Hydr ogen
Natur al al Gas
The mixtur e is compr essed essed to about 200 atm and heated to about 450ÛC.
The mixtur e of Nitr ogen ogen and Hydr ogen ogen is passed over a catalyst which is Iron. Iron. Some ammonia is for med. med. About 10% of the the mixtur e of gases leaving the catalyst chamber is ammonia. When the mixtur e is cooled, the ammonia tur ns ns into a liquid.
Liquid Ammonia ! Edited by Nabihah Rozy | SM Sains Labuan
eacted The unr eacted Nitr ogen ogen and Hydr ogen ogen ar e ecycled. r ecycled.
Copy this in your notebook!
Key facts 1.
2. 3. 4.
H and N are mixed in a 3:1 ratio Beca Be caus use e the the rea react ction ion is rev rever ersi sibl ble e not not all all the the nit nitro roge gen n and and hydrogen will convert to ammonia. The Th e amm ammon onia ia for forms ms as a gas gas bu butt cool coolss and and li liqu quefi efies es in the the condenser The Th e H an and d N wh which ich do no nott rea react ct ar are e pas passe sed d th thro roug ugh h the the system again again so they are not wasted.
