Bianca Amisola 3Bio5 CHAPTER 6: INTEGUMENT
PREVIEW: SKIN OF THE EFT
RED EFT -
aquaic u!o"#l# s!a s!ai$# i$#" " #%i&# #%i&#liu lium m o' &# &# #%i"#! #%i"#!mis mis (mul (mulil ila)# a)#!# !#"* "* columna! columna! c#lls+,#! c#lls+,#!minal minal c#lls c#lls cons consanl) anl) un"#!,o un"#!,o miosis miosis o
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!#%lac# &os# los in &# su!'ac# as c#l c#lls ls a%% a%%!!oac& oac& &# &# su! su!'a 'ac# c# i i #co #com# m# keratinized (or
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cornifed) an" "i# keratin is a scl#!o%!o#in &a is in insolul# in .a#! an"
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#com# /a#n#" (squamous* &in &in co! co!ni$ ni$#" #" la)#! la)#! as com%a! com%a!#" #" o o c!a c!ania nia#s #s "#!mis "#!mis cons consis iss s c&i#/) c&i#/) o' conn conn#c #ci0# i0# iss issu#1 u#1 ,lan ,lan"s "s11 loo" loo"
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0#ss#ls1 l)m%&aic2s1 small n#!0#s an" %i,m#n c#lls sin sin o' o' la!0a la!0a# # an" an" aquai aquaic c a"ul a"uls: s: !#s# !#s#ml ml#s #s &a &a o' $s& $s&#s #s sin sin o' #' #'s s on lan" lan":: li# li# #!!# #!!#s! s!ial ial am%& am%&i iian ians s
THE EPIDERMIS
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i is ,lan"u ,lan"ula! la! (mos (mos $s&#s $s&#s 4 am%& am%&ii iians ans** #%i"#!m #%i"#!mal al ,lan"s ,lan"s o' $s&#s an" la!0al la!0al am%&iia am%&iians: ns: unic#llu unic#llula! la! #%i"#! #%i"#!mal mal ,lan"s ,lan"s o' m#am m#amo!% o!%&os &os#" #" am%&i am%&ii ians ans an" an" amnio#s: mulic#llula!
in"s o' nonli0in, co0#!in,s &a o0#!li# li0in, #%i"#!mis o' c!ania#s:
7 Mc! 8 $s&#s1 #l#oss 4 aquaic am%&iians - con conin inua uall ll) ) #in #in, , !#%l# #%l#ni nis& s&#" #" 7 Strat" #orne" 8 #!!#s!ial c!ania#s - la)#! la)#! o' o' "#a"1 "#a"1 .a#! .a#!-im -im%#! %#!0io 0ious us co! co!ni$ ni$#" #" c#ll c#lls s - minimi minimi9#s 9#s .a#! .a#! loss loss &! &!ou, ou,& & sin sin &a &a is #%os #%os#" #" o ai!
E$ider"i! o% FISHES and &'&TI# &MPHII&NS
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%!#"ominan '#au!#: aun"anc# o' #%i"#!mal ,lan"s scal#s a!# no in &# #%i"#!mis; &#) a!# #n#a& i
E$ider"a* +*and! FISHES -
,o-*et ce**! ./ "c! ,ol# c#lls a!# in#,um#na!) ,lan"s; sin,l# la)#!#" ,ran*ar ce**! ./ "c! 0 in,redient! o% nkno1n
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%nction mulic#llula! ,lan"s a!# nu aun"an in $s&#s slim) mucus is s#c!##" in quani) in !#s%ons# o s!#ss'ul ##!nal simuli (i7#7 &a,$s&#s < slim# ##ls*
&'&TI# &MPHII&NS -
#%i"#!mal ,lan"s a!# mosl) mulic#llula!+,!anula! ,lan"s s#miaquaic am%&iians &a0# &# la!,#s num#! o' in#,um#na!) ,lan"s o ##% sin mois on lan"
P2oto$2ore! - muli-c#llula! ,lan"s o' "##% s#a #l#oss - li,& #miin, o!,ans - 'o! conc#alm#n1 s# !#co,niion1 lu!#1 .a!nin, Keratin - %!o#cs a,ains "#siccaion - #!ain is a '#au!# o' #!!#s!ial c!nia#s1 no $s&#s an" aquaic am%&iians
E$ider"i! o% TETR&PODS -
s!ai$#" #%i&#li#m
E$ider"a* +*and! 7 Sacc*ar 3 a*4eo*i - com%l# #%ansions o' &# sim%l# ,lan"s o' "i%noans an"
am%&iians 7 T-*ar 3 uncommon in &# sin o' nonmammals
- aun"an in mammals - uiquious ('oun" #0#!).&#!#* in "i,#si0# !ac '!om $s&#s o
&uman #in,s
T2ree a!ic #ate,orie!: 56 Merocrine ,*and! 8 mos common 0a!i#) -
s#c!## %!o"ucs 0ia &# c#ll m#m!an# c#ll !#mains inac s.#a ,lan"s o' &umans
7 Ho*ocrine ,*and! 8 c#lls &#ms#l0#s consiu# &# s#c!#ion - oil ,lan"s o' i!"s an" s#ac#ous ,lan"s o' mammals 37 &$ocrine ,*and! 8 in#!m#"ia# con"iion - s#c!#ion accumula#s on &# a%ical %o!ion o' &# c#ll .&ic& is &#n
%inc&#" o= alon, .i& som# c)o%lasm - c#ll !#%ai!s is#l' - mamma!) ,lan"s >+o-*et ce**! 8 "o no 'all in an) o' &# &!## ca#,o!i#s - !u%u!# a &# a%#1 an" &# mucus oo9#s ou - c#lls !#%ai!s is#l' num#!ous im#s #'o!# #in,
"isca!"#"
Mco! -
+*and! mucus-s#c!#in, #%i"#!mal ,lan"s "isa%%#a!#" amon, #!!#s!ial #!a%o"s #c#% in mammals con$n#" o si#s .&#!# lu!icaion o' a su!'ac# is #ss#nial s)n&#sis o' mucus o&#! &an in limi#" quanii#s .oul" "#&)"!a# a c!ania#1 lacin, acc#ss o "!inin, .a#! o! o moisu!# &a coul" # aso!#" &!ou,& sin
+ran*ar +*and! - %!#s#n in oa"s (#!!#s!ial am%&iians* 4 in !#%il#s - as#n in i!"s an" mammals - s#c!## oic alaloi"s - sou!c# o' man) $2ero"one! (susanc#s &a .&#n !#l#as#" ino &# #n0i!onm#n a=#c &# #&a0io! o! -
%&)siolo,) o' o&#! o!,anisms o' sam# o! "i=#!#n s%#ci#s* in oa"s a!# associa#" .i& .a!) sin
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$aratoid ,*and! (#&in" #)#s in oa"s* s#c!## %&#!omon#s %e"ora* ,*and! (&in" lims in li9a!"s* s#c!## a susanc# &a &a!"s#ns o 'o!m #m%o!a!) s%in#s &a s!ain &#
'#mal# "u!in, co%ulaion &4ian Oi* +*and! - i!"s &a0# 0#!) '#. in#,um#na!) ,lan"s - ro$7,ia* ,*and! a!# s#c!#ions .&ic& a!# .a#! !#%#llan1 .&ic& a!# !ans'#!!#" o '#a&#!s "u!in, %!##nin, Se-aceo! +*and! - al0#ola! ,lan"s - %!#s#n .&#!# &#!# is &ai! an" s#um .&ic& is s#c!##" o -
&ai! 'ollicl#s cer"ino! ,*and! s#c!## !er" in ou#! #a! canal "ei-o"ian ,*and! assis in mois#nin, &# con?unci0a o'
&# #)# .+c a!# #m#""#" in #ac& #)#li" Sdori%ero! +*and! - s.#a ,lan"s - coil#" uula! ,lan"s &a ##n" "##% ino &# "#!mis o' -
mammals o%#n o su!'ac# as %o!#s &#!mo!#,ulao!) %an,lions; si!#nians an" c#ac#ans 8 ma!in# mammals;
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#c&i"nas 8 mono!#m#s all lac s.#a ,lan"s &umans an" mos mammals &a0# &# la!,#s num#! o'
s.#a ,lan"s Scent +*and! - s#ac#ous an" su"o!i'#!ous ,lan"s %!o"uc# a 0a!i#) o' sc#ns .+c ma) # %&#!omon#s - no all %&#!omon#s a!# %!o"ucs o' %&#!omon#s Ma""ar7 +*and! - com%oun" al0#ola! ,lan"s &a "#0#lo% in o& s##s '!om -
"i*k *ine! %!o"uc# s#c!#ion &a inclu"#s li%i"s ailla!)1 &o!acic1 a"ominal an" in,uinal ni%%l#s ci!tern in .&ic& mil accumula#s a'#! &a0in, ##n @l#
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"o.n '!om &# lo#s; sucin, "!ains &# c)s#!ns &o!mon# o87tocin ('!om &# %iuia!) ,lan"* is !#s%onsil# 'o! muscl# con!acions &a caus# mil o # l#"o.n
Strat" #orne" -
keratinization %!o0i"#s %!o#cion a,ains "#siccaion on lan"
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#com#s s%#ciali9#" in 0a!ious !#,ions o' &# o") 'o! %!o#cion a,ains a!asion1 "#'#ns# o! o=#ns# an" 'o!
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&#!mo!#,ulaion #a!l) s%#ciali9aion 8 scal#s1 cla.s1 an" &o!n) %!ou#!anc#s 8 .#!# 'ollo.#" ) &ai! an" '#a&#!s
E$ider"a* Sca*e! - a!# !#%#iious &ic#nin,s o' &# s!aum co!n#um 'oun" -
onl) in amnio#s in squama#s 8 li9a!"s an" sna#s 8 is "is%os#" in
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o0#!la%%in, 'ol"s o' &# #%i"#!mis &# coninui) o' &# s!aum co!n#um is "#mons!aal# in c!oco"ilians .+c &a0# small &#a0il) co!ni$#"1 nono0#!la%%in,
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scal#s !cte! a!# la!,#1 &in1 qua"!ai!al o! %ol),onal scal#s us#" 'o! locomoion (i7#7 sna#s 8 locomoion; u!l#s 8 on %las!on
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4 ca!a%ac#* ird!: "#0#lo% .&#!# &#!# a!# no '#a&#!s: 'acial1 l#,s an"
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'## a!#a &r"adi**o: &a0# &ai! an" scal#s in#!s%#!s#" o0#! &# #ni!#
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o") Rat! 9 ea4er!: con$n#" o l#,s an" ail Pan,*ion!: a%%#a! o # a,,luina#" &ai! an" a!# o' !#c#n
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o!i,in izard! 9 Snake!: &a0# "isinc la)#! o' s!aum co!n#um inn#! la)#!: in &# %!oc#ss o' #in, "#%osii#" ou#! la)#!: .ill # s&#" a &# n# mol
#*a1!; Hoo%!; and Nai*! - mo"i$caion o' &# s!aum co!n#um a &# #n" o' &# "i,is - cla.s #0ol0#" ino nails in %!ima#s an" ino &oo's in -
un,ula#s all &a0# sam# asic s!ucu!# cu!0#" %a!s:
n,i! 8 &o!n) "o!sal %la# !-n,i! 8 so'#! 0#n!al %la# -
cne! is a sill so'#! callusli#1 co!ni$#" %a"
Feat2er!
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co!ni$#" #%i"#!mal a%%#n"a,#s o' &# in#,um#n
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3 mo!%&olo,ical 0a!i#i#s: conou! '#a&#!s1 "o.n '#a&#!s (%lumul#s*1 an" &ai!li# '#a&#!s ($lo%lum#s*
Morphologic Varieties of Feathers
#ontor Feat2er! 8 cons%icuous '#a&#!s &a ,i0# a i!" is conou! o! ,#n#!al s&a%# -
consis o' 2orn7 !2a%t and < =attened 4ane!
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ca*a"! (>i**) is &# as# o' s&a'
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rac2i! is &# 0an#-#a!in, s#,m#n
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#ac& 0an# consiss a %a!all#l !o.s o' -ar-! &a &a0#
-ar-*e! 9 =an,e! -
-ar-*e! &a0# 2ook*et! &a in#!loc .i& &# /an,#s on &# n# a!1 si=#nin, &# 0ain
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.&#n &# '#a&#! is !u#"1 &# a!ul#s &a0# #com# un&oo#"
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$reenin, !#&oos &# &ool#s
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!$erior "-i*ic!
Development of Feather -
iniia#" ) "#0#lo%m#n o' der"a* $a$i**a
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%eat2er $ri"ordi" is an in"icaion &a '#a&#! is o!,ani9in, (%im%l#li# #l#0aion*
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%eat2er %o**ic*e a %i lin#" .i& #%i"#!mis "#0#lo%s a!oun" &# '#a&#! %!imo!"ium2s as#
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in%erior "-i*ic! is an o%#nin,
Origin of Feathers -
a!os# '!om !#%ilian scal#s #caus# #a!l) "#0#lo%m#nal sa,#s a!# 'amilia!
Hair -
#!aini9#" a%%#n"a,#s o' &# sin
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"#ns#1 'u!!) co0#!in, o0#! &# #ni!# o")
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.&al#s &a0# onl) !isl#s on &# u%%#! li%
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&as insulain, #=#c .&#n "#ns# #nou,&
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s#nsii0# acil# o!a,ans
Morphology of Hair -
,!o.s '!om &# &ai! 'ollicl#
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#lon,a#s as a !#sul o' coninuous miosis in &# -*-
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root is &# %a! .i&in &# 'ollicl# .&#!# &ai! is co!ni')in, an" ")in, u &as no s#%a!a#" '!om &# 'ollicula! .all
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!2a%t is &# !#main"#! o' &# &ai!
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s&a' is su!!oun"#" ) s#um '!om &# s#ac#ous ,lan"
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arrector $i*i is a in) smoo& muscl# ins#!#" on &# .all o' #ac& &ai! 'ollicl# (.&#n i con!acs !#s#ml#s @,oos#/#s&*
Development of a Hair -
sa!s as &# c)lin"!ical in,!o.& o' #%i"#!mis o "#!mis
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"#!mal %a%illa# &#n o!,ani9#s a &# as# o' &# in,!o.&
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"#!mal %a%illa ,!o.s "##%#! an" "##%#! in &# "#!mis
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#com#s co!ni$#" an" &ai! #,ins o !is# ou o' a &ai! 'ollicl#
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&ai!s a!# no %#!man#n
Origin of Hair -
'#a&#! an" &ai!s ma) no # neo"or$2! (s!ucu!#s &a &a0# no anc#s!al %!#cu!so!*
Horn! and &nt*er! -
2orn m#ans &# su!'ac# is com%os#" o' #!ain
Bovine Horns and Pronghorns -
!u# &o!ns
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consiss o' "#!mal on# co0#!#" ) a s&#a& o' on#
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Bo0in# &o!ns: usuall) 'oun" in o& s##s
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P!on,&o!ns: !anc&#" an" &# &o!n) co0#!in, is s&#" annuall)
Hair Horns -
R&inoc#!os#s &a0# &ai! &o!n#s
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Com%os#" o' a,,luina#" #!aini9#" &ai!li# #%i"#!mal $#!s
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Fo!m a soli" &o!n %#!c&#" on a !ou,&#n#" a!#a o' &# nasal on#
Antlers and Girae Horns -
"##! 'amil)
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no co!ni$#" s!ucu!#s u "#!mal on# aac&#" o '!onal on#
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@in 0#l0# m#ans anl#!s a!# n#. ,!o.in,
a*een and Ot2er #ornifed Strctre! -
-a*een a!# &o!n) s&##s o' o!al #%i&#lium
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Ral#sna# ratt*e! a!# !in,s o' &o!n) s!aum co!n#um &a !amin aac&#" o ail a'#! #ac& mol
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eak! a!# co0#!#" .i& a &o!n) s&#a& an" !oos#!2s co"-! a!# co0#!#" .i& a &ic1 .a!) s!aum co!n#um
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Mon#)s an" a%#s si on i!c2ia* ca**o!itie!
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cam#ls n##l on knee $ad!
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tori a!# #%i"#!mal %a"s &a mos mammas o&#! &an un,ula#s .al on
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a$ica* $ad! a!# o!i a &# #n" o' "i,is
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corn! an" ca**!e! a!# #m%o!a!) &ic#nin,s o' &# s!aum co!n#um &a &as ##n su?#c o unusual '!icion
THE DERMIS -
colla,#nous conn#ci0# issu#
T2e on7 Der"i! o% Fi!2e! a"e**ar -one 8 com%acl) s!ucu!#s on# &a &as ##n "#%osi#" in
succ#ssi0# la)#!s1 o! lam#lla#
S$on,7 -one 8 is %#n#!a#" ) loo" c&ann#ls o' mac!osco%ic si9#1
.&ic& ,i0# &# on# a s%on,) a%%#a!anc#
T7$e! o% P*ate! and Sca*e! 7* P*acoid 8 Elasmo!anc&s 7* R2o"-oid 8#ic&&)#s Cosmoi" 8 'ossil a!co%#!),ians Ganoi" - Acino%#!,ians 37* E*a!"oid 8 T#l#oss1 Latimeria, Amia, an" Di%noi C#noi" 8 T#l#oss (%#!ci'o!ms* C)cloi" 8 T#l#oss1 Amia, Latimeria, an" Di%noi
