Kinship, Marriage and the Household Kinship by Blood What is the family? Family •
•
Basic social institution and the primary group in the society. Vary from culture to culture For Murdock (1949:1) it is a social group characteri!ed "y common residence economic cooperation and reproduction. For Burgess and #ocke (19$%:&) 't is a group of person united "y ties of marriage "lood or adoption constituting a single household interacting and communicating ith each other in their respectie social roles of hus"and and ife mother and father son and daughter "rother and sister and creating and maintaining a common culture.
Descent and Marriage Kinship
*e" of social relationships that form an essential part of the lies of most humans in most societies. Descent +rigin or "ackground of a person in terms of family or nationality. Descent Group ,ocial group hose mem"ers hae common ancestry. Unilineal society +ne hich the descent of an indiidual is reckoned either from the mothers or fathers li ne of descent Matrilineal Descent 'ndiiduals "elong to their mothers descent group atrilineal Descent 'ndiiduals "elong to their fathers descent group Marriage 'mportant institutional element of the family -ultural mechanism that ensures its continuity 'nstitutions consisting of a cluster of mores and folkays of attitudes ideas and ideals of social definitions and legal restrictions. Foundation of the family n iniola"le social institution According to Bowman, Bowman, people marry marry for combined reasons: reasons: #oe economic and emotional security /he parents desires 0scapes from solitude or forlorn home situation Money -ompanionship rotection denture or common interest August 3, 1998 2 1998 2 /he family code of the hilippines took effect. 't defines marriage as a special contract of permanent union "eteen a man and a oman entered in accordance ith la for esta"lishment of con3ugal and family life New family code has 2 aspects: -ontract 2 applies to man and oman only
,tatus 2 created "eteen parties
Kinship by Marriage Forms of Marriage !" Monogamy llos or permit a man to take only one spouse at a time. #" olygamy Form of plural marriage and can assume three forms: olygyny 2 marriage of one man to to or more omen at the same time. 't is practiced "y Muslims and considered as a status sym"ol for the man. olyandry 2 marriage of a oman to to or more men at the same time. !roup "arriage $" %election of Marriage artners /o types of norms regarding to the selection of marriage partners. #ndogamy 2 dictates one should marry ithin ones clan or ethnic group. #$ogamy 2 one can marry outside ones clan or ethnic group %e&irate Norms 2 ido marry the "rother or nearest kin of the deceased hus"and 'urrogate Norm Men should marry the sister or nearest kin of the deceased ife Family %tructures
5as a "earing on person deelopment Varies from one culture to another !" Based on &nternal 'rgani(ation or Membership a" )uclear, primary or elementary Family -omposed of a hus"and and his ife and their offspring in union recogni!ed "y the other mem"ers of the society. ,mallest unit responsi"le for the preseration of the alue system of society (wo )inds of Nuclear *amilies according to "urdoc+: Family of 'rientation +ne is "orn and here one is reared or sociali!ed -onsists of father mother "rothers and sisters Family of rocreation Family esta"lished through marriage and consist of a hus"and a ife sons and daughters b" *+tended Family -omposed of to or more nuclear families economically and socially related to each other May "e through parent to child relationship. %inton distinguishes two types of family structures corresponding to the nuclear and e$tended families: ♣ on-ugal family 2 made up of the spouses and their underage children hose ties to relaties are oluntary and "ased on emotional "onds ♣ onsanguine family 2 consists of the nuclear family and their relaties ho are liing together under one roof #" Based on Descent a" atrilineal escent affiliates a person ith a group of relaties related through either his or her father. b" "atrilineal escent affiliates a person ith a group of relaties related through either his or her mother. c" Bilateral escent 2 affiliates a person ith a group of relaties related through either his or her parents. • •
$" Based on residence a. atrilocal residence 2 nely married couple lie ith or near the domicile of the parents of the groom. ". "atrilocal residence nely married couple lie ith or near the domicile of the parents of the "ride c. Bilocal residence 2 gies the couple a choice of staying ith either the grooms parents or the "rides parents. d. Neolocal residence 2 permits the nely married couple to reside independently of the parents of either groom or "ride. e. A&unculocal residence prescri"es that the nely married couple reside ith or near the maternal uncle of the groom ." Based on authority a. atriarchal family 2 the authority is ested in the eldest male in the family often the father. ". "atriarchal family 2 authority is ested in the mother or the mothers kin c. #galitarian family 2 "oth the hus"and and the ife e6ercise a more or less e7ual amount or degree of authority. d. "atricentric family 2 usually found in places here the father commutes and is out for the greater part of the day. Functions of the Family 1. &. %. 4. 8. $.
/he family regulates se6ual "ehaior and is the unit for reproduction /he family performs the function of "iological maintenance /he family is the chief agency in sociali!ing the child /he family gies its mem"ers status /he family is an important mechanism for social control /he family performs economic functions especially in the simple societies
%tructural haracteristics of the Filipino Family
/he "asic social unit of the hilippine society is the nuclear family. /he "ilaterally e6tended kinship group is also common in our society /he -hristian Filipino family is descri"ed as a large family group normally including three generation in the same house and knon as e6tended in term of mem"ership. /he 3oint family is the most common type among the Muslims. Blood kinship plays an important role in the Filipino family so that the family may "e considered consanguineal.'t is true in rural areas. Family alliance is e6tended "y the compadre or compadra!go system hich is formed through the rituals of "aptism confirmation and marriage. Filipino family is said to "e patriarchal in authority. /he Filipino family is "ilateral in terms of reckoning descent and social allocation. /his is eidenced "y the lack of distinction of terminology "eteen the paternal and maternal groups. reconstituted family also knon as "lended family is the sociological term of the union of to adults through marriage coha"itation or ciil partnership ho hae past relationship and children from them.
olitics of Kinship /olitical Dynasty, 0lliance1
olitical ;ynasty in the hilippines hilippine #as olitical lliance
olitical and 2eadership %tructures
olitical +rgani!ation
1. -reating formal norms -onstitutional las ,tatutory las -ommon las &. pplying sanctions %. ,ettling disputes among indiiduals 4. ,ettling disputes "eteen nations Bands /ri"es -hiefdoms ,tates
uthority and #egitimacy
uthority /ypes /raditional authority -harismatic authority #egal rational authority
#egitimi!ation
/ypes of #egitimacy /raditional #egitimacy -harismatic #egitimacy
,ources of #egitimacy
Forms of legitimate goernment -ommunism -onstitutionalism ;emocracy Fascism Monarchy
0conomic 'nstitutions
=on state 'nstitutions
Banks and -orporations ♣ Banks ♣ -orporation -ooperaties and /rade >nion ♣ -ooperaties ♣ /rade >nion
/>- ( /rade >nion -ongress of the hilippines) /ransnational docacy ?roups ♣ 'mportance of /ransnational docacy ?roups ♣ *ho participates /ransnational docacy ?roups@ ;eelopment gencies 'nternational +rgani!ations ♣ 'nternational =on ?oernmental +rgani!ation ('=?+s) ♣ 'ntergoernmental +rgani!ations
*ducation
/he primary function of educational institution is the sociali!ation of children and the ne mem"ers in the society 0ducational institutions keep children and youth occupied and out of la"or force.
*ducation in the hilippines
Managed and regulated "y the ;epartment of 0ducation (;ep0d). ;ep0d controls the hilippine education system including the creation and implementation of the curriculum and the utili!ation of funds allotted "y the central goernment. From 1948 2 &A11 the "asic education system as composed of: 0lementary education 2 $ years 5igh ,chool 0ducation 2 4 ears Further education proided "y technical or ocational schools and colleges and uniersities. 'n the 19CD -onstitution the elementary education as compulsory this as neer enforced. 'n &A11 the country started to transition from its 1A year "asic educational system to a E to 1& educational system. /he ne 1& year system is no compulsory. ll pu"lic schools in the hilippines must start classes on the date mandated "y the ;ep0d. Must end after each school completes the mandated &AA day calendar prepared "y the ;eo0d. For more than three centuries education in the hilippines as patterned after the ,panish and merican ,ystem.
Functions of *ducation in a society3 1. ?iing training in specific skills or the "asic general education literacy. &. repare people for occupational roles. %. ressuring the culture from one generation
Formal *ducation
,ystematic and deli"erate process of hierarchically structured and se7uential learning corresponding to the genral concept of elementary and secondary leel of schooling. 2e4els in basic *ducation #lementary #ducation first part of educational system. includes first $ years of compulsory education 'econdary #ducation 2 concerned primarily continuing "asic education of the elementary leel and e6panding it. (ertiary #ducation 2
most institutions of higher learning are regulated "y the commission of higher education. -ocational #ducation 2 accredited priate institutions offer /0-5='-# =; V+-/'+=# 0;>-/'+= <+?<M offered ary induration from a fe eeks to to years.
)on formal *ducation
%pecial *ducation
5eligion and Belief %ystem
5eligion
0nimism
&mportance of 0nimism in the %tudy of ulture and 5eligion
Monotheism
olytheism
&nstitutionali(ed 5eligion
Most of the 6orld subscribes to one of the follo6ing religion3
.hristianity /slam 0udaism induism Buddhism
7ypes of 5eligious Groups
.hurch 'ect .ult
%eparation of hurch and %tate
Health
2ist of prohibited acti4ities
%ystem of Diagnosis, pre4ention and healing
/raditional medicine ♣ -omplementary alternatie medicine(-M) 5er"al medicine /raditional use of her"al medicine /herapeutic actiity ctie ingredient
Health as human right
