Walker Company Profit Plan DecisionFull description
Full description
Pada bab 5 ini kita akan mengenal apa itu pusat laba. Pusat laba itu adalah suatu pusat pertanggungjawaban yang kinerja manajernya diukur berdasarkan laba yang didapat yaitu selisih antara p…Full description
dDeskripsi lengkap
21
Full description
MAS
Accounting
Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry
cc
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllFull description
igsmFull description
Full description
lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllFull description
Full description
partnership liquidation by installmentFull description
Full description
Full description
Full description
Chapter 5 Presented by Group 6 Nick Feiler Xiaohan Hu John Langsdorf Wes Matthews Steve Potts
1
Building a Profit Plan
Budget – Plan Budget – Plan to generate or consume resources; cost center or profit center.
Profit Plan – Plan – Budgets Budgets of Profit Centers that generate profits and are accountable for both revenues and expenses. expe nses.
2
Three Objectives of the Planning Process Translate the strategy of the business into a detailed plan to create value. Evaluate whether sufficient resources are available to implement the intended strategy. Create a foundation to link economic goals with leading indicators of strategy implementation.
3
Managers’ 3 Profit Plan Questions Does the organization’s strategy create economic value? Does the organization have the cash to fund their strategy and remain solvent? Does the organization create enough value to attract the financial resources that it needs to fund long-term investment in new assets?
4
Three Wheels of Profit Planning
Profit Wheel
Cash Wheel
ROE Wheel 5
Three Wheels of Profit Planning Operating Cash
Accounts Receivable
Cash Wheel Sales*
Asset Utilization
Sales*
Inventory
Operating Expenses
Profits**
ROE Wheel Return on Equity
Profit Wheel
Investment in Assets
Profits**
Stockholders’
Equity
6
Profit Wheel/3Wheels
The profit plan summarizes the expected revenue inflows and expense outflows for a specified future accounting period.
Usually managers go back and forth, projecting sales, operating expenses, profits, and required investment in assets.
Then they work on the cash wheel and the ROE wheel to ensure resources will be available to implement the profit wheel. 7
Profit Wheel – 5 steps 1)
Estimate the Level of Sales
2)
Forecast Operating Expenses
3)
Calculate Expected Profit
4)
Price the Investment in New Assets
5)
Close the Profit Wheel and Test Key Assumptions. 8
Profit Wheel – Step 1 Estimate the Level of Sales 1. 2. 3. 4.
External Variables Macroeconomic factors Government regulations Competitor moves Customer demand
Internal Decisions
1.
Product mix and pricing Marketing programs New Product Introduction and Change in product quality and feature Manufacturing and distribution capacity Customer service levels
Lastly, need to account for cash needed or generated by financing and income tax. Examples here are dividends, interest expense, interest received, and repayment of debt principal. Refer to Exhibit 2. 19
ROE Wheel
Return on Investment (ROI): a ratio measurement of the profit output of the business as a percentage of financial investment inputs.
Return on Equity (ROE): the appropriate internal measure of ROI for managers.
ROE = Net Income / Shareholder’s Equity
20
ROE Wheel – 3 Steps
Calculate Overall Return on Equity
Estimate Asset Utilization
Compare Projected ROE with Industry Benchmarks and Investor Expectations
Assets/Shareholder’s Equity = Financial Leverage Ratio
22
ROE Wheel – Step 2 Estimate Asset Utilization
ROCE =
Return on Capital Employed: Measures the effective utilization of capital and assets. = (Net Income/sales)*(Sales/Capital Employed)
Capital Employed = Assets within a manager’s direct span of control.
23
ROE Wheel – Step 2 Asset Utilization Measures
Working Capital Turnover = (Sales) / (Current Assets – Current Liabilities)
Accounts Receivable Turnover = (Net Sales on Credit) / (Average Net Receivables)
Inventory Turnover = (Cost of Goods Sold) / (Average Inventory)
Fixed Asset Turnover = (Sales) / (Property, Plant, and Equipment)
24
ROE Wheel – Step 2 ROCE Tree Sales Prof it
Return/Sales Return on Capital Employ ed
(x)
(/)
(-)
Total Expenses
COGS Selling and Admin. Expenses
Other Expenses
Sales
Cash
Sales/Assets
(/) Total As sets
Working Capital
(+)
Inventories Ac counts Receivable
Productive As sets
25
ROE Wheel – Step 3 Compare Projected ROE with Industry Benchmarks and Investor Expectations ROE
Profitability
Asset Turnover
Financial Leverage
The Limited
10.6%
2.4%
2.1
2.1
The Gap
33.7%
8.2%
1.9
2.1
Nike
25.2%
8.7%
1.7
1.7
Boston Retail
22.5%
6.4%
2.5
1.4
26
Using the Profit Wheels to Test Strategy
Profit Wheel - Prepare profit plan
Cash Wheel - Ensure cash will be adequate
ROE Wheel - Compare each alternative 27
Chapter Summary
Profit plan describes business strategy in economic terms
Profit plan is used to assess the ability of different strategies to generate value and to estimate whether sufficient resources will be available to implement the chosen strategy