C ADASTRAL SURVEYI YIN NG I SUG 16 160 0 MOHD ADHAR BIN ABD SAMAD DEP DE PARTME MENT NTOF GEOMA MAT TIC SC IENC IENCE E FAC ULTY OF OF ARC HITEC HTURE, PLANN NNIN ING G & SURVEYI YING NG UiT Ui TM PERLIS
3 Field
3 Field
Learnin ing g Outc ome mes s At the end of the lesson, students should be able: • To explain explain the Fie ieldwor ldwork k – da datum, tum, coordi coo rdina nate te pro projection jection syst s yste em, use of CRM, metho method d of o f data co coll lle ect ctio ion, n, Int nte egr grit ity y of ca c adastr dastra al data, typ type e of bounda boun dary ry marks, distance dis tances s be betwee tween n boundaries; boundarie s; survey s urvey connectio connections; ns; offsets. off sets. Ca Cali libration bration of Total Statio Station n and GPS GPS fo forr ca c adastr dastra al surv su rve eyi ying ng..
DATUM A
datum is a referenc e from whic h measurements are made.
In
surveying, a datum is a referenc e point on the earth's surfac e against whic h position measurements are made, and an associated model of the shape of the earth for c omputing positions.
DATUM Horizontal
datum are used for desc ribing a point on the earth's surface, in latitude and longitude or another c oordinate system.
Vertical
datum are used to measure elevations or underwater depths. In engineering and drafting, a datum is a referenc e point, surfac e, or axis on an objec t against whic h measurements are made.
DATUM in Cadastral Surveying
In cada stral survey, datum is a line consist of adopted/proved bearing and the distance and it will bec ome referenc e line to start survey job.
Datum also be used to find fixed or permanent coordinate. Without good da tum(c ondition), the surveyor will not achieve a good job or satisfy. Than the errors occurred overlap and land encroachment between a lots.
Criterion and types of Datum 1. Cadastral Reference station that used:
Mark
(CRM)
a)at least two new CRM station that separated and not less than 30 metre made simultaneous observation via MyRTKnet method for first CRM station and method static for second station; or b)at least two new CRM that separated and not less than 30 metres made simultaneous observation with static method for both prints; or
Datum c) at least two new CRM stations that separated and not less than 30 metres made observation with MyRTKnet method for both station in one initializes; or d) at least two new CRM stations that separated not less than 75 meter made observation with MyRTKnet method real time for both stations in two initializes; or e) if two old CRM station used, it need to be proved the position with third station with angular measurement and distance measurement whether from CRM old or NDCDB near; or
DATUM 2. two marks measurement from NDCDB that separated not less than 40 meter which that exact position has proved with direct measurement or traverse and calculation, together with astronomical observation for azimuth or MyRTKnet observation; or 3. two marks measurement contiguous from NDCDB that proved the position and establishing with third mark with measure angle and distance or with traverse and place in exact position.
Datum Condition according Circular 2002 J arak ga risan
yang henda k dijadikan datum hendaklah melebihi 30 meter dan memenuhi had anjakan yang dibenarkan iaitu: i.
ii.
Bagi garisan yang tida k melebihi 40 m – bearing melebihi 01’ dan jarak melebihi 0.015 meter atau Bagi garisan yang melebihi 40 m – bearing melebihi 30” da n jarak melebihi 0.006 meter setiap 20 meter, dengan anjakan maksimum 0.050 meter.
Datum Condition according Circular 2002
Manakala sudut dalaman di antara dua garisan yang diperoleh mengikut prosedur asas penentuan datum hendaklah tidak melebihi 10”, sekiranya ukuran terdahulu adalah dalam kelas dua tidak melebihi 20”
Datum Conditions according to circular no 5 and 6 2009 • Line distance (datum) should exceeding 30 meter and the vector displacement limit is less than 0.050 meter for urban/town and new development area. The rural area, the difference of vector displacement is 0.100 meter. • The internal angle between two lines that obtained in accordance with procedure 4.1.1 (iii) should do not exceed 10”.
Coordinate Projection System • All measurements in Peninsular Malaysia must utilize Cassini Geocentric Coordinate System while RSO System Geocentric used to Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan.
Use of CRM • Cadastre surveying can be done by making connecting to CRM station or old boundary mark that have been proved the position • Traverse should be closed to nearest CRM station or old boundary marks that proved it position and not exceeding 25 stations or control bearing carried out with astronomical observation. • For new development zone namely development area housing and commercial, CRM station with grid maximum gap 500 metre x 500 metre or present CRM station necessary created for traverse control
Method of data collection. GPS conventional/RTK/GNSS Traverse (Bearing/Distance) Radiation INTERSECTION RESECTION
RTK method/GPS conventional 1
9
11
2 10
3
8
7
4
6 5
• Data col lection usi ng RTK and GPS con vention al method. • Final ou tput in full coordi nates and us ed in large area and open skies.
Traverse • Bearing and distance observation. • Observation on both faces (FL and FR) • Record as two separate observation • Open traverse and close traverse • Must closed to nearest CRM station or old boundary marks and every 25 stations or 1 km.
TRAVERSING A
traverse c onsist of consec utive line related by horizontal angle (bearing) and length (distance).
Traverse
may be c lassified as: i. C losed traverse. ii. Open traverse
CLOSED TRAVERSE When
complete c yc le is made and c onsequently the work c an be c hec ked and adjusted.
A
c losed traverse begin and end on the same point (polygon traverse) or begin with known point and ending at another known point (link traverse).
CLOSED TRAVERSE
polygon traverse
CLOSED TRAVERSE
link traverse
OPEN TRAVERSE Open
traverse begin with known point and ending with unknown point.
The
reliability of traverse c annot be checked.
Useful
when the survey is a long narrow strip.
OPEN TRAVERSE
Traverse Method 10
13
8 6
9 11 14 15
12
17
7 5 16 3 4
18 2
1
Traverse Method : 1-2-3-4-5-6-8-10-13-14-1 Radiation Method : 5-7, 6-9, 8-10, 8-11, 8-12, 13-15, 14-16, 14-17 & 1-18
Radiation Bearing and distance observation
Observation on both faces (FL and FR) Record as two separate observation Maximum distance 300m
Radiation Method G
6
F
H
A 3
J
B
5 4 C
E D 2
1
Trave raverse rse Method thod : 1-2-3-4-5-6 Radia diation tion Method thod : 2-A 2-B, 2-C 2-D 3-E 3-F 3-G 4-H & 4-J
Intersection Bearing and distance observation Obs bse erv rva atio tion n on o n sing s ingle le face face Obse bs erva rv ation ti on are made made from fro m 2 differe di fferenc nce e station. station .
Intersection Method tho d H
6
G
J
A
F
B 3
5 4 C
E D 2
1
Trave raverse rse Method thod : 1-2-3-4-5-6 In t er s ec t i o n Met h o d : 2-A , 2-B , 2-C, 2-D, 2-H, 3-E, 3-F, 3-G, 3-H, 3-A , 3B , 3-C, 3-D, 4-E, 4-J , 4-G, 4-F & 6-J
Resection Bearing and distance observation Observation on single face Observation are made on 3 difference station and the coordinate values are known
Resection Method H
6
G
J
A
F
B 3
5 4 C
E D 2
1
Travers e Method : 1-2-3-4-5-6 Resect io n Method : D-1,D-2,D-3,C-1,C-2,C-3,B-1,B-2,B-3,A-1,A-2,A-3,E-2, E-3,E-4,H-3,H-4,H-5,G-3,G-4,G-5,F-4,F-5,F-6,J-4,J-5,J-6
Integrity of Cadastral Data All
measurement must assumed as valid in observation and c annot disputed if followed: 1. All instrument must c alibrate and follow C irc ular that mention by J UPEM 2. All observation must followed guide line and proc edure as stated by J UPPEM
Type of Boundary Mark In
C irc ular 2009, the boundary marks : 1. Concrete stone, concrete pillar, granite stone, iron pipe with followed the size as stated by J UPEM. 2. Nail and iron nail with c onc rete; 3. Mark on stone (hole with arrow sign) 4. Any marks that allowed by J UPEM.
Concrete Stone Batu
konkrit bertulang 600 mm panjang, garis pusat 75 mm, mempunyai tanda tebuk bagi titik stesen yang ditanam oleh J UPEM Batu bertanda “J UP”. Bagi batu bernombor nombor siri dicetak menggantikan “J UP” tersebut Batu yang ditanam oleh J TB tiada sebarang pengenalan diatasnya
Concrete Stone
Concrete Pillar Tiang
konkrit bertetulang Panjangnya 1200 mm – 1800 mm Berbentuk silinder Garispusat 70 mm Mempunyai tanda tebuk bagi titik stesen
Concrete Pillar
Granite Stone (BL) Batu
granit berbentuk empat segi 80mm lebar, 120 mm panjang & 600 mm tinggi Mempunyai tanda tebuk bagi titik stesen
Granite Stone (BL)
Iron Pipe (PL) Panjang
900 mm dengan garispusat antara 25 mm – 50 mm Sebaiknya disalut tar atau disadur logam supaya tahan karat Lubang paip dibahagian atas mestilah ditutup sebaik-baiknya dengan konkrit yang mempunyai tanda bagi titik stesen
Iron Pipe
Nail Panjang
tidak kurang 55 mm bergarispusat 8 mm Kepala paku bergarispusat 15 mm Penutup bergarispusat 46 mm Mempunyai tanda bagi titik stesen
PEPAKU BESI Panjang
100 mm bergarispusat 12 mm Kepada pepaku bergaris pusat 25 mm Mempunyai tanda bagi titik stesen
MARK ON ROCK Ditandakan
di atas permukaan batu dengan cara menebuk lubang sebagai tanda titik stesen Satu penunjuk anak panah dipahat menghala ke lubang tersebut
Distance between Boundary
Any boundary mark on straight line should be plant with gap not exceed 300 meter if it visible sight, or 200 meter for invisible sight; A boundary line that folowed arc shuld be marked at the end of ‘perentas’ in order normal distance from arc to ‘perentas’ not exceed 0.2 meter. Minimum distance of boundary marks are 0.1 meter.
Survey Connection: Offsets • Refer Circular 2009 No 6 Page 46-47 • Is necessary to show any permanent features (e.g. rivers, road, building, etc.) on the lots into CP or plan for matters following:
Survey Connection: Offsets (a) route existing above land for authority creation right of access under Regulation 48; (b)any obstacle that nearby reference mark "No Sign” (T.T); (c) any building or building remain such as drain, fence and other that lies within lot and above boundary; and (d) any details remain including river, lake, system route transport and power supply tower electric that is nearby measure line.
INSTRUMENTCALIBRATION
Merujuk kepada Peraturan Ukur Kadaster 2002 (PUK 2002), Bab II Para 21: i. Dalam menjalankan kerja ukuran, Pegawai ukur atau J urukur Tanah Berlesen, hendaklah memastikan alatalat ukur yang digunakan dibuat tentukuran (calibration) mengikut prosedur dan dalam tempoh yang ditetapkan oleh J abatan ii. Hasil calibration alat-alat hendaklah disahkan oleh Pengarah Ukur atau pegawai yang diberi kuasa oleh Pengarah Ukur dan disimpan sebagai rekod
EDM CALIBRATION
Pekeliling KPUP 6/1986 Peraturan Untuk Penggunaan Alat Ukur J arak Elektronik (EDM) bagi Kerja Ukur Kadaster.Pekeliling ini menetapkan keperluan teknikal dan prosedur penggunaa n alat EDM dalam kerja ukur kadaster. Pekeliling KPUP 3/1986 Penggunaan Alat Ukur J arak Elektronik (EDM) Untuk Ukur Kadaster. Pekeliling ini membenarkan serta mengalakkan penggunaan alat EDM da la m kerja ukur kadaster dan mewujudkan peraturanperaturan berkaitan ujian alat EDM
EDM CALIBRATION
Dalam kerja ukur kadaster hanya EDM berjenis “visible and infra-red lightwave” yang digunapa kai menurut peraturan.
Terdiri
daripada reflec tor satu prizam buatan dan jenis yang sama.
Had maksimum constant error – 10mm (perlu diservis).
EDM CALIBRATION Alat-alat
EDM/Total Station juga tertakluk kepada pengendalian ujian-ujian peringkat lain yang telah ditetapkan melalui PekelilingPekeliling KPUP Bil. 3/1986 da n Bil 6/1986 iaitu seperti berikut: i. Daily C heck. ii. Differential Field Test. iii. EDM Baseline.
DAILY CHECK
Daily test should be carried out at the start of everyday job. It can be done by re-measuring the distant of the last surveyed line on the previous day. If the error is greater than 10mm, the differential field test need to be carried out to ascertain if the EDM is in acceptable working order.
VA
E.G. DAILY CHECK
SD
(HD)CHECK DIFF.
DIFFERENTIAL FIELD TEST (DFT) The
differential field test should be
c a rrie d o u t a t th e sta rt o f e v e ry n e w su rv e y jo b . It
is important to asc ertain if the EDM is in the a c c e p ta b le w o rk in g o rd e r. For work whic h started by using two (2) C RM whic h it is visible sight, DFT should be made on these line.
DIFFERENTIAL FIELD TEST • If exist difference of distance between direct observation use Total Station compared count result two (2) CRM station, result distance count two CRM station should use as final distance. The difference limit is not exceeding 0.020 metres.
DIFFERENTIAL FIELD TEST • For difference exceeding limits 0.020 meter, action following must be taken if; (a) DFT not exceed 0.010 meter, determination CRM must be done again. (b) DFT exceed the limit, the total station should make calibration.
•Place tw o wood pegs (A and B ) at l east 50 meters apart on a fl at surf ace.
•Set up EDM at st ation A and r eflector at s tation B •Measure dis tant AB •Place another peg at C o n-line in between AB
•Move EDM to C and s et up anot her reflector at A •Measu re CA and CB •Compare the distances AB w ith th e resul tant of CA and CB If the error is g reater than 10mm, the EDM sho uld be calibrated to ascertain if th e EDM is in acceptable wo rki ng order.
EDM BASELINE
Alat EDM/ Total Station hendaklah menjalani peringkat tentukuran alat di Tapak Ujian EDM mengikut keadaan dan sela masa sebaga imana berikut: i. Sekali setiap enam (6) bulan. ii. Selepas diservis. iii. Apabila berlaku penggantian salah satu unit da lam sel alat EDM/ Total Station. iv. Apabila berlaku kecacatan akibat jatuh atau lain-lain. v. Bacaan jarak pada posisi yang sama tidak lagi konsisten.
EDM BASELINE J UPEM
dengan kerjasama Lembaga J urukur Tanah (LJ T) telah membina tapak ujian alat yang pertama di Wa ngsa Maju, Seta pak pada tahun 1985. Sehingga tahun 2002 terdapat 31 tapak ujian (19 tapak bagi menguji alat EDM & 13 tapak lagi untuk menguji alat GPS). Tapak ujian alat untuk negeri Perlis terletak di Sg Batu Pahat (EDM), UiTM Arau (GPS).
EDM BASELINE Spesifikasi
bagi pembinaan pilar ujian alat EDM dan GPS adalah sama Pilar dibina daripada konkrit setinggi 1.5 meter dan mempunyai tapak bersaiz 1.5m x 1.5m x 1.5m Satu plat stainless steel dengan skrew 5/8 inci dipasang ditengah pilar bagi menempatkan tribrac h
EDM BASELINE
EDM BASELINE Tapak
ujian dibina dalam satu garisan lurus yang mempunyai 10 pilar pilar dikenali mengikut Setiap susunannya daripada pilar 1 hingga pilar 10 J arak antara pilar 1 hingga pilar 10 adalah 300 meter menyamai jarak maksimum antara dua tanda sempada n yang dibenarkan mengikut PUK 2002
EDM BASELINE Semua tapak ujian EDM & GPS yang siap dibina telah ditentukur secara berkala dengan menggunakan alat piawaian J UPEM. Tentukuran terhadap tapak EDM dijalankan sekurang-kurang sekali setahun bagi setiap tapak. Bahagian Kadaster J UPEM dipertanggungjawabkan untuk melaksanakan urusan tersebut dan mengeluarkan sijil-sijil kalibrasi Sijil kalibrasi ini mengandungi nilai jarak muktamad pilar-pilar yang diukur
EDM BASELINE Tapak
ujian EDM dan GPS diletakkan dibawah kawalan Pengarah Ukur dan Pemetaan Negeri. Kaedah tentukuran alat EDM serta c ara menggunakan data ujian dihuraikan dalam Pekeliling KPUP 3/1986. Purata selisih malar tidak melebihi 10mm.
EDM BASELINE
Set up
EDM at pillar 1. Measure distance 1-2, 1-3…..1-10. Move EDM to pillar 2, a nd then mea sure distance 2-3, 2-4……2-10. After that, move EDM to any pillar example 3, and then measure distance 3-8, 3-9 and 3-10.
Nombor
Tiang
J arak
Di Ukur
J arak Mendatar
Dari
Ke
(A)
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10
5.007 10.002 48.998 87.002 125.013 163.008 201.005 251.011 300.004 4.997 43.992 81.994 120.007 158.004 196.020 246.004 295.002 38.995 76.998 290.006
2
3
J arak
Seperti Asal (B)
5.006 10.000 48.998 87.001 125.007 163.003 201.001 251.005 300.01 4.995 43.993 81.995 120.002 157.998 195.998 246.000 294.997 38.998 77.000 290.002
Perbezaan Asas (A-B)
0.001 0.002 0 0.001 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.006 -0.006 0.002 -0.001 -0.001 0.005 0.006 0.022 0.004 0.005 -0.003 -0.002 0.004
0.06
0.06/20 = 0.003m Value is below than 10 mm, instrument is
