Chapter 1 : Introduction to Biology 1.1the Study of Biology

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY 1.1THE STUD S TUDY Y OF BIOL B IOLOGY OGY -Biology (Greek) – `Bios’ = Life + - `logos’ = Study =>Biology = Study of life Importance of Biology 1. Improved Improved understanding understanding on functions functions of organisms organisms 2. Improved Improved understanding understanding on causes causes of disease disease 3. Finding treatment treatment for diseases 4. Improved understanding on ecology 5. Better managem management ent on environment environmental al problems problems 6. Improved Improved quality quality and productio production n of food food Fields of biological Fields Anatomy Botany Biot Biotec echn hnol olog ogy y Bioc Bioche hemi mist stry ry Ecology Genetics Medicine Microbiology Phys Physiiolog ology y  Tax  Taxon onom omy y Zoology

research Study of.... Internal parts of living things Plants Appl Applie ied d bio biolo logy gy in indu indust strry Stru Struct ctur ure e & func functi tion on of chem chemic ical al comp compon onen entt in in living organism Relationship between living things and the environment Heredity and variation The study and treatment of diseases Microorganisms Mech Mechan anic ical al , physi hysica call and and bioc bioche hemi mica call func functtions ions of living things Iden Identi tify fyin ing g , clas classi sify fyin ing g and nami naming ng livi living ng thin thing gs Animals

Approaches to study Biology By understanding... 1) The basic needs of a cell or an organism 2) Obstacles faced by a cell or an organism 3) The strategies of a cell or an organism to overcome the Obstacles 1.1THE SCIENTIF SC IENTIFIC IC INVESTI IN VESTIGATION GATION -Learning Biology requires the use of scientific skills Scientif Scientific ic skills skills ÷ – Scienc Science e proces process s skills skills = Critica Criticall ,Analy ,Analytic tical al & Creative thinking - Manipulative skills = Psychomotor skills -Scientific Method = A process of obtaining facts about a phenomenon using a method recognised by the scientific community

Steps involved in scientific investigation No Steps Explaination 1 Identifying a Problem -Observing a specific ph phenomenon an and questioning 2 Forming a Hypothesis Hypothesis -General statement based on an observed event / preliminary explaination -Validity must be tested by conducting an Experiment -Link Manipulative & Responding variables 3 Planning the -Collecting relevant information on Experiment experiment -Determine apparatus & materials -Planning procedures of experiment 4 Identifying & a)Manipulated variable Controlling Variables -Independent , set at different values to test a hypothesis b)Responding variable -Dependent , outcome of an experiment due to changes in manipulated variable c)Constant variable -Factors that can affect the outcome of an experiment and must be kept constant throughout the experiment 5 Conducting the -can be repeated to get precise and Experiment reliable results 6 Collecting Data -Data obtained from observation and Measurement -Data can be presented in a form of... a)Table : with quantity measured & units b)Graph : at least 5 readings relating manipulated & responding variables c)Diagrams with labels & title 7 Analysing Data -may include calculations (if any) 8 Interpreting Data -Relationship between manipulated & responding variable is determined

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Drawing conclusion

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Writing a Report

-Short & Simple -State whether the result support or refute the Hypothesis -If experiment failed, give proper reasons (Refer to framework given: PEKA)