Chapter 1 : ICT and Society

Societ y 1 Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 1 ICT & Society

LESSON ONE: INTRODUCTION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) How our ancestor used to disperse information to others? o

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In the early year of Tanah Melayu, when there was no television or radio. The ‘Beduk’ play an important role. The Headman of the village was the one who announced any news, be it birth, death, time of prayers or even when the village was in danger. Dif Differe ferent nt rhythm rhythmss sign signif ifie ied d diff differ eren entt even events ts.. The The rhythm rhythm of the the ‘Beduk’ to announce death was different from the rhythm used to announce prayers.

What is ICT? o

ICT ICT is the the tech techno nolo logy gy requ requir ired ed for for info inform rmat atio ion n proc proces essi sing ng,, in particula particular, r, the use of electron electronic ic computers computers,, communica communication tion devices devices and software applications to convert, store, protect, process, transmit and retrieve information from fro m anywhere, anytime.

A.) Information o

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Inf Inform ormation ion ref refers ers to the know knowle ledg dgee obt obtaine ined from rom rea reading ding,, investigation, study or research. The tools to transmit information are the telephone, television and radio. We need information to make decisions and to predict the future. For example, scientists can detect the formation of a tsunami using the latest technology and warn the public to avoid disasters in the affected areas. Information is knowledge and helps us to fulfill our daily tasks. For example, forecasting the stock exchange market.

B.) Communication o

Is an act of transmitting messages. It is a process whereby information is excha exchange nged d betwe between en indivi individua duals ls using using symbols symbols,, signs signs or verbal verbal interactions.

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Societ y 2 Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 1 ICT & Society o

Previ reviou ousl sly y, peop people le comm ommunic unicat ateed thro throu ugh sign sign or sym symbol bols, performing drama and poetry. With the advent of technology, these ‘older’ forms of communication are less utilised as compared to the use of the internet, e-mail or video conferencing.

C.) Technology o

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Is the use of scientific knowledge, experience and resources to create processes and product that fulfill human hu man needs. Aiding Communication - telephone and fax machines are the devices used in extending communication Spreading Information – To broadcast information such as news or weather reports effectively. Radio, television, satellites and the World Wide Web (www) are powerful tools that can be used.

Timeline For The Development Of Technology Year 3500 3500 BC 1500 1500 BC 105 BC 1454

1793 1876 1925 1941 1958 1963 1969

Creation Sume Sumeri rian anss deve develo lope ped d cune cuneif ifor orm m writ writin ing g The The Phoe Phoeni nici cian anss deve develo lope ped d the the alph alphab abet et Tsai Lun of China invented paper The first printing began with the creation of printing machine. Telegraph line was invented The first telephone was introduced Television was made known to public Computer was created Photocopier machine was introduced Communication satellite was introduced The first internet known as ARPANET started.




















LESSON TWO: EVOLUTION

OF

COMPUTER

Before the era of computer begins, counting machine was invented to help people with business industry. The usage of counting machine, begin as early as 200 B.C. Evolution of computers can be traced at 7 stages: a) The early years b) b) Firs Firstt gene genera rati tio on c) Second ge generat ration d) Third generation e) Fourth rth ge generation f) Fifth ge generation g) New era gene genera rati tion on A. The early years Timelines of Counting Machine

Year 200 200 BC BC 500 BC 1620 620 1653 1673 1801 1823 823 1941

Invention Chin Chines esee Abac Abacus us (Fir (First st coun counti ting ng mach machin ine) e) Egyptian Abacus John John Napie apierr inv inveente nted Na Napie pier’s r’s Bon Bonee (Mu (Mulltip tiplica licattion ion ta table ble ca carve rves on bones) Blaise Pascal invented Pascaline Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz invented Leibniz’s Rechner (which use first binary mathemathic calculating machine) Joseph Marie Jacquard invented weaving loom (using punch card technology) Cha Charle rles Babb Babbaage inve invent nted ed mecha echan nical ical calcu alcullator tor machin chinee. Mark 1 wa was in invented in Ha Harvard Un University. ty. Th The fi first rst com comp puter which which is slow slow, expens expensive ive and unreli unreliabl able. e. It uses uses mecha mechanic nical al switches

B. First Generation (1940 – 1956)

1. Pres Prespe perr Ecke Eckert rt and and Willi illiam am Mauc Mauchl hly y buil builtt the the ENIA ENIAC C (Ele (Elect ctro roni nicc Numerical Integrator and Computer) in 1946.




















4. New New tech techno nolo logy gy was was need needed ed in the the inve invent ntio ion n of tech techno nolo logy gy.. Thes Thesee technologies are a) Vacuum acuum tube tube – an electr electroni onicc tube abou aboutt the size size of light light bulbs bulbs.. It was used as the internal computer components. Thousands of them were used. b) b) Punc Punche hed d car card d – use used d to stor storee dat dataa c) Magn Magnet etic ic tape tape – introd introduc uced ed in 1957. 1957. It is used used to store store data. data. A fast faster er and more compact method of storing data. 5. Problems: a) The vacuum tubes generat rated great deal of heat causing many any problems in temperature regulation and climate control. b) b) The The tube tubess burn burntt out out freq freque uent ntly ly.. c) Peopl Peoplee operat operating ing the the comp compute uterr did not not know know that that the prob problem lem was was in the programming machine. C. Second Generation (1956 – 1963)

1. The second second generation generation computer scientists invented something new due to to lots of problem created by b y vacuum tubes. 2. The famous computer scientists during the second generation era were: a) John Bardeen b) b) Walte alterr Hous Houser er Bra Bratt ttai ain n c) William Shockley 3. The creatio creation n of transist transistor or sparks sparks the produc productio tion n of second second genera generatio tion n computers. Transistor is a small devices use to transfer electronic signal across a resistor. 4. The advantages of transistor: a) Smal Smalle lerr tha than n vac vacuum uum tube tubess b) b) Need no warm arm up tim time c) Cons Consum umeed le less ene energy d) Gene Genera rate ted d muc much h les lesss hea heatt e) Faster f) More reliable D. Third Generation (1964 - 1971)

1. IBM 370 series series were were introduce introduced d in 1964. It came came in severa severall models models and




















b) Integr Integrate ated d circuit circuit techno technology logy,, which which had reduced reduced the size size and cost cost of computers. It is a complete electronic circuit or a small s mall chip of silicone which is also known as semiconductor. c) The magnetic core memory was replaced by microchip. (The first 253 bit Ram, basis for the development of the 1K bit Ram). 4. Advantages: a) Silico Silicone ne chips chips were were rel reliab iable, le, comp compact act and and chea cheaper per.. b) b) Sold Sold hardw hardwar aree and and soft softwa ware re sepa separa rate tely ly whic which h crea create ted d the the soft softwa ware re industry. c) Customer Customer service service industry industry flourished flourished (reservati (reservation on and credit credit check checks) s) 5. Software technology: a) More ore soph sophiistic sticaated ted b) b) Seve Severa rall prog program ramss run run at the the sam samee time time c) Shar Sharin ing g com comp puter uter reso resour urce cess d) Supp Suppor ortt int inter erac acti tive ve proce process ssin ing g E. Fourth Generation (1971 – Present)

1. It took only 55 years years for the 4th generations generations to evolve. evolve. 2. The growth growth of the computer computer industry industry developed developed technologies technologies of computer computer inventions. 3. There are many types of computer models such as a) Apple Macintosh b) IBM c) DELL d) ACER 4. In 1971, Intel created first microprocessor 5. In 1976, Steve Jobs built the first Apple computer 6. In 1981, IBM introduced its first personal computer 7. Among the famous inventors in fourth generations were: a) Bill Bill Gate Gatess who who inv inven ente ted d Micr Micros osof oftt b) Michae Michaell Dell Dell who inven invented ted Dell Dell Compute Computer r 8. Hardware technology invented in fourth generation were a) Silicone chip b) Microprocessor - a specialised specialised chip chip developed for computer computer memory and logic it is a large-scal large-scalee integrated integrated circuit which which contained contained thousands thousands of




















9. Advantages: a) 100 times smaller than ENIAC (the first computer) b) Faster c) Reliable d) Grea Greate terr sto stora rage ge capa capaci city ty e) Pers Person onal al and and sof softw twar aree indu indust stry ry boom boomed ed F. Fifth generation (present and beyond)

1. New hardware technology: a) Silicone chips b) Processor c) Robotics d) Virtu rtual re reality e) Int Intellig lligeent sys system tem f) Prog Program ramss whic which h tra trans nsla late te lang langua uage gess G. New Era Computer

1. Super Comp omputers - Fastest, most powerful, most expensive. - Used in applications applications such as as sending astronauts into space, testing safety and and aero aerody dynam namic ic feat featur ures es on cars cars and and airc aircra raft ft,, cont contro roll llin ing g miss missil ilee guidan guidance ce system systems, s, and weathe weatherr foreca forecasti sting ng which which requir required ed extreme extreme accuracy and immense speed to perform the complex co mplex calculation. 2. Mainframe computers - Lar Large, ge, expe expens nsiv ive, e, powe powerf rful ul com compute puterr that that can can hand handle le hund hundre reds ds or thousands of connected user simultaneously. - used in large organization organization to handle high volume volume processing of business transactions and routine paperwork. 3. Mini computer - Medium sized computer - Usually used as servers, servers, with several PCs or other devices networked networked to access the midrange computer’ computer ’s resources. 4. Personal computers - Small computer computer system, designed designed to be used by one one person at a time. - Wid Widel el ed in all all d la bu in Ex pl tr ki






















LESSON THREE: USAGE OF ICT IN DAILY LIFE Computer plays major roles in our daily lives. We We need computers to assists us in completing various tasks and jobs. Among the sector where ICT is used widely are: a.) education b.) banking c.) industry d.) business A.) Education

1. Today, oday, most schools schools and higher higher education education instituti institution on have have computer computer in in the classroom for teachers and students. 2. Computer Computer is used used in the the secto sectorr of educatio education n becaus becausee they they can offer offer a) enhanced lea learni rning b) b) cogn cognit itiv ivee dev devel elop opm ment ent c) inte intera ract ctiv ivee exp exper erie ienc nces es 3. User ser who who bene beneffits are a) Teacher – Teacher uses computers to research for teaching materials, participate in online forums and online conferences as well as to aid their teaching. b) Students – Students use the computers as a reference tool. They use computers to browse the internet to look for information c) Researchers – Researchers use computers to collect and process data. d) School They use use comp comput uter erss for for admi admini nist stra rati tive ve School administ administrator ratorss – They purposes to make sure that t hat the entire operation runs smoothly. smoothly.




















d) direct de deposit e) pay by phone sy system f) pers person onaal com comput puter ba bankin nking g g) internet ba banking 3. User ser who who bene beneffits are a) Customers – Customers can make any transactions at the 24 hour serv servic icee cent centre ress or via via onli online ne.. Thes Thesee serv servic ices es allo allowe wed d them them to do transaction at anytime they want. b) Businessmen – Businessmen can save their time by using the online services offered by banks. They can access company accounts for loan applications, business transactions and update on their cash flow at anytime c.) Bank administrators – Bank administrators can oversee the entire banki banking ng activ activiti ities es such such as reconc reconcili iliati ations ons,, inter inter-bra -branch nch transa transacti ction on (IBT (IBT), ), tele telegr grap aphi hicc tran transf sfer er and and othe others rs by refe referri rring ng to the the bank bankin ing g system C.) Industry

1. Comp Comput uteers are are use used to a) facil facilita itate te prod product uction ion plan plannin ning g and contro controll system systems, s, b) b) to supp suppor ortt chai chain n mana managem gemen entt c) to help help in prod product uct design design in the the indu industr strial ial sector sector 2. User ser who who bene beneffits are a) Workers – Workers use computers to analyze and collect research data for future reference. b) Researchers – Rese Resear arch cher erss use use compu compute ters rs to analy analyze ze and and coll collec ectt




















2. User ser who who bene beneffits are a) Customers – Customers use computers to be connected online with suppliers to purchase products. This method can save time and cost as they do not have to go any an y outlet. b) Suppliers – Suppliers use computers to keep track of their transactions. All products are bar coded and can be read by the computer scanner to help in determining prices and managing inventory. inventory. c) Employees – Employe oyees use computers and telephones to communicate with their customers for any enquiries. The system helps employees to get the latest updates on inventory to be informed to the customers. E.) Other sector that benefits from the usage of ICT Sector Arch Archit itec ectu ture re

Arts Career

Gove Govern rnme ment nt Healthcare

Home

Benefit Use Use com compu pute terr gra graph phic ic to expe experi rien ence ce with with poss possib ible le inte interi rior orss to to give client a visual image. Modern artists use computers to express their creativity Job op opportunities th that ar are re related to to IC ICT su such as as co computer engin ngineeers, rs, graph raphic ic desi design gner er,, sof softwa tware engin ngineeers and programmer offer more technical skill and knowledge To fore foreca cast st weat weathe herr, proc proces esss imm immigra igrant nt Computers are use to promote telemedicine. Researchers found it useful in information sharing. Doctors and medical practical are able to apply modern treatment such as laser treatment. Computer are use for record keeping writing letters




















LESSON FOUR : COMPUTERIZED AND NON-COMPUTERIZED SYSTEMS Evolution of man and machine o

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The evolution of man and machine happened hundreds of years ago but the evolution of the computerized system happened only less than a century ago. Many tasks can now be accomplished easily via the computerized system.

Computer System o

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A system is an arrangement of elements that when it is put together it becomes an organized and established procedure. (In Latin-Greek, the term “system” means to combine, to set up, to place together) A system system typically consists of components connected together in order to facilitate the flow of information, matter or energy. A computer system consists of a set of hardware and software which processes data in a meaningful way.

A.) Education

1. Education Education is the the scien science ce of of teachi teaching ng and and learnin learning g of specific specific skills. skills. 2. It also also imparts imparts knowle knowledge dge,, good good judgm judgment ent and wisdom. wisdom. B.) Banking System Banking before ICT

Banking after ICT



















11 Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 1 ICT & Society

C.) Industry Industry before ICT

Industry after ICT

Industry was slow because Comput Computers ers and telec telecomm ommuni unica catio tions ns everything was done manually and indu indust stry ry beca becam me very very popu popula larr and and totally depended on human labor. prof profit itab able le sinc sincee prod produc ucti tion on can can be increased through an all day operator. operator. D.) Commerce

1. Comm Commeerce rce is an acti activi vity ty of exch exchan angi ging ng and and buy buying ing and and sell sellin ing g of commod commoditi ities es in large large scale scale involv involving ing transp transport ortati ation on from from place place to place. Commerce before ICT

Commerce after ICT

Trading was made using the barter E-commerce plays an important role system and it was then later in the the econ economi omicc scen scene. e. It incl includ udes es developed into currency. dist distri ribu buti tion on,, buy buying, ing, sell sellin ing g and and serv servic icin ing g produ roduccts that hat are don done electronically. Adve Advert rtis iseme ement nt was was in the the form form of word of mouth, billboards and printed flyers. Trading globally was extremely slow, late late and and expe expens nsiv ive. e. Trade raders rs had had to find ways to market global products






















LESSON FIVE: IMPACT OF ICT ON THE SOCIETY ICT ICT deve develo lopme pment nt has has chan change ged d every every aspe aspect ct of the the human human soci society ety.. It has has affected our life in many ways. A.) Faster communication speed

1. In the the past, past, it took took a long long time time for any news news or messa messages ges to be be sent. sent. Now Now with the internet, news or messages are sent via e-mail to friends, business partners or to anyone efficiently. 2. With the the capabi capability lity of of bandwid bandwidth, th, broadb broadband and and and connec connectio tion n speed speed on the internet, any information can travel fast and at an instant. It saves time and is inexpensive. B.) Lower communication cost

1. Using Using the Intern Internet et is cost-e cost-eff ffec ectiv tivee than the the other other mode of commu communic nicati ation on such as telephone, mailing or Korea Service. It allows people to have access to large amounts of data at a very low cost. 2. With the the intern internet et we do not not have have to pay for for any basi basicc servic services es provid provided ed by the the Inte Intern rnet et.. Furt Furthe herm rmor ore, e, the the cost cost of conn connec ecti tion on to the the inte intern rnet et is relatively cheap. C.) Reliable mode of communication communication

1. Computers are reliable. With the Internet we can access and retrieved




















E.) Paperless environment environment

1. ICT ICT tech techno nolo logy gy has crea create ted d the the term term pape paperl rles esss envi enviro ronme nment nt.. This This term means information can be stored and retrieved through the digital medium instead of paper. Online communication via email, online chat and instant messages also helps in creating the paperless environment. environ ment. F.) Borderless communication

1. Through Through the the intern internet, et, information information and communica communication tion can be borderl borderless. ess. 2. Inte Intern rnet et offe offers rs fast fast info informa rmati tion on retr retrie ieva val, l, inte intera ract ctiv ivity ity,, acce access ssib ibil ility ity and and versatility. versatility. It has become a borderless source for services and information. G.) Social problems problems

1. There There are some some nega negativ tivee effe effects cts of ICT ICT. It has create created d social social proble problems ms in the society societ y. 2. Nowa Nowada day ys, peop people le tend tend to choos hoosee onli online ne comm commun unic icat atio ion n rath rather er than than having real time conversations. 3. Peop People le tend to becom becomee more more indi indivi vidu dual alis isti ticc and and intr introv over ertt thef theft, t, hack hackin ing, g, pornography pornography and online gambling. gambling. This will result result in moral moral decadent decadent and generate threat to the society. H.) Health problems

1. A

uter

harm

if they they

it for for long long hours hours fr

tly




















LESSON SIX: COMPUTER ETHICS A.) Ethics in general

1. We often see pirated CDs, software and VCD being sold at the night market. Buying pirated software is an example of unethical activity in computer ethic. 2. A guideline is needed to stop the current technology products from being exploited, for example by replicating originals CDs and selling them as pirated software. This unethical behavior can be controlled by the code of conducts. 3. Under the Malaysia Copyright act 1987, any individual charge with piracy will be fine up to 10,000 for each copy or up to 5 years imprisonment or both. Comput uter er ethic thicss is a syst system em of moral oral stan standa dard rdss or valu values es used used as a 4. Comp guideline for computer users. B.) The ten commandme co mmandments nts of computer ethics

1. The Unit United ed State Statess Institut Institutee of Compute Computerr Ethics Ethics has has come come out with with the Ten Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics. 2. These These princi principle pless conside considerr the effe effecti ctive ve code code of conduct conductss for the proper proper use use




















C.) Guidelines on the e-mail and Internet usage

1. The Depa Departm rtment ent of Publi Publicc Servic Services es of Malay Malaysia sia has has provide provided d guideli guidelines nes on on the e-mail and Internet usage as reference to the staff. 2. This guidance covers the usage of e-mail account, mailbox maintenance, email preparation and delivery deliver y, mailing list and the Internet. 3. Some guideline guideliness from the Departmen Departmentt of Public Public Service Servicess of Malaysia: Malaysia: a) Use only individua individuall e-mail e-mail address address to forward forward indivi individual dual opinion. opinion. b) Keep Keep the the identi identity ty name name and passw password ord a secre secrett to avoid avoid the misu misuse se of your e-mail without your knowledge. c) E-mail E-mail must must be activ activee to promptl promptly y reply reply the neces necessary sary act action ionss needed needed for any matters. d) Ensu Ensure re the tota totall mail mail kept kept in the the box is within within the compu compute terr stor storag agee capacity. e) Scan file iles regu regullarly arly to avoid oid the trans ransm miss ission ion of viru viruss from rom one one computer to another. f) Do not not send send e-mail e-mailss that that contai contain n classi classifie fied d inform informati ation on which which can can be used to tarnish other people or country. g) Choose Choose a suita suitable ble time time to searc search h Internet Internet to to save save access access time and cost. cost. h) Beware of prohibited sites which could affect one’s moral, organization organization or nation.




















d) invo involv lvem emen entt in stea steali ling ng sof softw twar aree e) invasion of of pri priv vacy 3. With the adva dvancem ncemeent of ICT ICT, it is easy for anyon nyonee to retr retrie ieve ve your our informati information on from the Internet. Internet. You You may release that when you fill a form on the Internet, your information may be exposed and stolen. 4. Kevin vin Dav David Mitn itnick ick was a famou amouss hac hacker ker. He accesse essed d comp ompute uters without authorization. He deprived the privacy of many individuals by hacking into network of a few companies. He also managed to get valuable data unethically for his own usage. E.) Ethical computer code of conducts

1. Have you ever ask for permission to download materials from the internet such as music, articles, graphic and other material. If you have, you are following following the computer computer code of conducts. conducts. There are many web sites with with restriction where the public is allowed to use their material. Users may have to pay royalty royalty to the owner or quote the website website in their assignment assignment or project, in order to be able to use this material. 2. Examp Examples les of ethic ethical al comp compute uterr code code of cond conduct uctss includ include: e: a) sendin sending g warni warning ng abou aboutt virus viruses es to to other other compute computerr users users b) b) aski asking ng perm ermissi ission on befo before re send sendin ing g any any busi busine ness ss adve advert rtis isem emeents nts to






















LESSON SEVEN: THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ETHICS AND LAWS A.) Definition of Ethics

1. In genera general, l, ethic ethicss is a moral moral philoso philosophy phy where where a perso person n makes makes a specif specific ic moral choice and sticks to it. 2. On the othe otherr hand, hand, ethics ethics in compu computin ting g means means moral moral guidel guideline iness to refer refer to when when usin using g the the compu compute terr and and comp comput uter er netw networ orks ks.. This This incl includ udes es the the Internet. B.) Definition of Law

1. Law Law is a lega legall syst system em compr compris isin ing g of rules rules and princ princip iple less that that gover govern n the the affairs of a community and controlled by a political authority. 2. Law Law dif differs ers from rom one one coun ountry to anoth notheer In the era of technol hnolo ogy






















3.

Respecting property Property here means ownership. Since an individual data and information are considered as property, therefore, an act of tampering and changing electronic information is considered as vandalism and disrespect for other people’s property prop erty..

D.) Similarities between Ethics and Law

1. Both Both ethics ethics and and law law are comp complime limenta ntary ry to each each othe otherr and are are made made a. to guid guidee use userr from from misu misusi sing ng com compu pute ters rs b. b. to create create a heal healthy thy compu compute terr soci society ety,, so that comput computer erss are are used used to contribute to a better life. c to prevent any crime. E.) Differences between ethics and laws






















Ethics Not honoring comp omputer ethics means ignoring the moral elements (immoral).

Law Not Not hono honori ring ng the the law law means eans committing a crime

F.) Unethical vs. law breaking conducts

1. 2.

3.

Unethical Using ing the the off office ice com compute uter to do personal thing Reading your friend’s friend’s e-mail without his or her permission.

Plagiarising and using materials from

Law breaking 1. Sending a computer virus via e-mail 2. Hacking into your our school database to change your our examination results. 3. Selling pirated software in a






















LESSON EIGHT: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY R IGHTS IGHTS It is imp importa ortant nt to have have your our crea creati tion on pate patent nted ed to prot protec ectt your our righ rights ts.. Reproducing other people’s inventions without their permission or piracy is illegal. We must respect the rights of others. A.) Definition of Intellectual Property

1. Intell Intellec ectua tuall Property Property (IP) (IP) refers refers to works crea created ted by inven inventor tors, s, author authorss and artists. Those works are unique and have value in the market value. 2. In our daily daily lives lives,, we are surro surroun unde ded d by thing thingss that that are prote protect cted ed by IP. IP. Your our scho school ol bags bags,, your shoe shoess and and even even your sock sockss are are prot protec ecte ted d by Intellectual Property Rights. Nike, Bata or Adidas, for example, are all protected by a group of legal rights. B.) Intellectual Property Law





















Societ y 21 Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 1 ICT & Society o

It is a grant of a property right to the inventor. For example. Centrino is a proce processo ssorr which which introd introduce uce effi efficie cient nt power power manag manageme ement. nt. The design of the processor is patented by Intel.

2.

trademarks for brand identity o Words, names, symbols, devices and images that represent products, goods or services o Trademarks for brands, identity of goods and services allowed the distinction to be made between different traders. For example: Intel and AMD.

3.

designs for product appearance o The featu features res of, of, in partic particula ularr, the lines, lines, contou contours, rs, colou colours, rs, shape, shape, texture or material of the product itself or its ornaments. o The design for product appearance covered the whole or a part of a product resulting from the feature such as the lines, contours, colours,















































LESSON NINE: PRIVACY IN COMPUTER USAGE We should respect other people’s privacy by not invading their personal lives. People treasure privacy as there are some things that they do not wish to disclose to others. The same goes for privacy in ICT. ICT. A.) What is privacy?

1. Privacy Privacy in IT refers refers to to data data and and inform informati ation on priv privacy acy.. 2. Data Data refers refers to a collec collectio tion n of raw unproc unprocess essed ed facts, facts, figur figures es and symbo symbols. ls.
























Commu Communic nicate atess inform informat ation ion it colle collects cts to some some outsid outsidee source source while we are online. 2. Compute Computerr technol technology ogy threa threaten tenss our privacy privacy through through electr electroni onicc profilin profiling. g. For example, when we fill out a form such as a magazine subscription, purchasing products or contest entry form on the Internet, this data is kept in the the data databa base se.. It will will incl includ udee age, age, addre address ss,, mari marita tall stat status us and and othe other r personal details. 3. Every Every time time you you click click on an adver adverti tisem semen entt or regi regist ster er a soft softwa ware re produc productt online, your information is entered into a database. o
























3. Privacy Privacy can can be protec protected ted by priv privacy acy law law and and utilit utilities ies softw software are..
























LESSON TEN: AUTHENTICATIONS A.) What is authentication?

1. Authen Authentic ticati ation on is a process process wher wheree users users verify verify that that they are are who they they say they are. The user who attempts to perform functions in a system is in fact the user who is authorized to do so. 2. For exampl example, e, when when you you use an ATM card, card, the the machine machine will verify the validation validatio n of the card. Then, the machine will request for a pin number.


























C.) Biometric devices


























d.) Iris Scanning


























g.) Signature Verification System


























5. Authentication is imp important in order to safeguard against the unauthorized access and use.


























LESSON ELEVEN: VERIFICATION


































































































































































































































































































































































































































6

Science o

In the scientific world, computers are used in all fields of science from biology to astronomy to meteorology and others. These are thing that can be done by computer, namely; i. Coll Collec ecti ting, ng, analy analyzi zing ng & mode modeli ling ng data data ii. Servin Serving g as medium medium of comm communi unica catio tion n with coll collea eague guess around around the world iii. Contributi Contributing ng to new invent inventions ions or breakthr breakthrough ough in surgery surgery,, medicine & treatment. iv. iv. Imitating Imitating functi functions ons of the the central central nervou nervouss system, system, retina retina of of the eye & others by b y tiny computers. v. Allowi Allowing ng a deaf deaf person person to to listen listen throug through h cochle cochlear ar impla implant nt

SUMMARY

1. Compute Computers rs help help peopl peoplee to do thei theirr work work faster faster & more more effic efficie ient nt by using the software applications that consist of special programs progra ms for specific tasks. 2. Software Software applicat applications ions are used for many reasons reasons such such as to to enhanc enhancee the learning process, to help in business activities, to assist the graphic & multimedia projects & to facilitate communication. communication. 3. Examples Examples of software software applicati applications ons include include integrate integrated d softw software, are, personal finance, legal, word processing, spreadsheet, computer-aided computer-aided design (CAD), desktop publishing, email, web browser & chat rooms.




















LESSON TWENTY-TWO : COMPUTER USER At the end of the lesson, student should be able to : •

describe the various type of computer users in society societ y.

COMPUTER USERS IN SOCIETY

The 5 categories of computer users are : • • • • •

home users small office/ house office (SOHO) users mobile users power users large business users

HOME USERS

The computer is a basic necessity. necessity. Each home user spends time on computer for different reasons : • • • •

business entertainment communication education

SMALL OFFICE/HOME OFFICE (SOHO)

These SOHO users : •

•

use desktop or notebook computers as well as telephone, hand-phone and PDAs in completing their tasks and communicating work as a small company or works as an individual at home ho me

MOBILE USER

Mobile users :



















Societ y 64 Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 1 ICT & Society •

•

work with basic business software such as word processing and spreadsheet business software use presentation graphics software to create and deliver presentations pr esentations to a large audience by connecting a mobile computer or device to a video projector

POWER USER

Power user : • •

•

•

include engineers, scientists, architects and virtual reality animators use computers with extremely fast processor, bigger storage and customized software work with mini computers that uses design to meet the organizational organizational needs use software such as CAD , CAM and MATLAB

LARGE BUSINESS USER

Large business users : • • •

•

•

bank, insurance company, hypermarket use computers for basic business activities have e-commerce that allows customers and vendors to interact and do business transaction online therefore customers, vendors and other interested parties can access information on the web have e-mail and web browsers to enable communications among employees, vendors and customers provide kiosks in public locations




















LESSON TWENTY-THREE : HOW TO CONDUCT A STUDY At the end of this lesson, students should be able to: Outline the basic steps of doing study

•

There are five basic steps to follow when we do study: Step 1- Get an overview of the topic:

a) Familiari Familiarity ty : We We need to familia familiarize rize oursel ourselves ves with with the topic topic befor beforee we start doing study. study. This will allow us to spend more more time developing a topic rather than using more time learning about the topic. b) Reference Reference : Refer Refer to a dictionary dictionary,, encyclopa encyclopaedia, edia, handbook handbook,, textbook, textbook, guide or bibliography which can provide an overview of the topic. c) Brainstormi Brainstorming ng : Spend some time time brains brainstorming torming about the topic topic and and write down everything that we can think of about the topic. Step 2 - Narrow down the topic:

a) Narrow Narrow down down the the topic topic by reading reading the sources sources and and form form some some specifi specificc questions related to the topic. By B y doing this, we may have awareness of the various aspects that we may want to study. Step 3 - Find study materials:

a) Study mater materials ials are availa available ble offline offline and and online. online. We We can search search for the information that we want in books, journals, articles or other resource materials found in the library librar y and the internet. Step 4 - Evaluate study materials:

All selected materials need to be evaluated in 4 aspects: a) Relevance: •

Does this publication help to answer the research question ? If it does not find something so mething else which does.

b) Perspective:



















Societ y 66 Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 1 ICT & Society •

Is the evident biased? Does the author attempt to sway the reader’ reader ’s opinion?

c) Reli Reliab abil ility ity// Credi Credibi bili lity ty •

Is the information accurate?

•

Has the information been peer reviewed?

•

Are the authors and publishers reputable?

•

Do they cite their credentials?

•

Are there footnotes and a bibliography?

d) Update •

How recent is the information infor mation published?

•

How recent has it been updated?

•

Have there been new developments on the topic?

•

Could the information you are using be misleading because of the publication date?

Step 5 - Writing out the study paper:

a) When all resources are gathered, start writing the paper and cite all the sources of information used. These may include books, journals, articles and magazines.






















LESSON TWENTY-FOUR : PRESENTING R ESULTS ESULTS A presentation should contain three well-defined sections, they are : INTRODUCTION •

•

•

•

As at the beginning of the research Includes the objectives of the research Provides a clear statement on why the study was undertaken

CONTENT •

•

Consists of facts or arguments related to subject matter Can be presented in an argument format or just as an overview

CONCLUSION •

•

•

•

Includes the limitations/assumpt ions and analytical analytical techniques

Is a review of content ( not repetition of content) Relates to the statement of objectives in the introduction Should not introduce new issues Should contain judgment or decision that has been reached

BASIC NEEDS OF O F A GOOD STUDY PAPER

There are varieties of ways to write out your research. However, there is a set of basic requirements that must be followed when it comes to submitting or presenting written presentation. 1. General Point

•

Number all pages




















•

•

•

•

•

3. Quotes

• •

•

•

4. Clarity

•

•

12 point minimum and 14 point maximum (with the exception of headings and footnotes) 2 spaces after a full stop and 1 space following following a comma, semi-colon or colon) No abbreviation such as ‘eg’, & or etc. Write Write everything in full: ‘for example, that is and so on’ Numerals are used when the number is more than two words: for tabulation, statistical discussion, sums of money, addresses, dates, time and page, chapter, volume numbers (for example, 2 June,2000) Consistency in style for example in writing out headings A direct direct quote must be placed in quotation Block quotes are used if a direct quote is more than three lines long If possible, paraphrase information in preference to using direct quotes Use quotes and paraphrasing to support argument Helps your readers understand your paper by organizing your paper well and don’t forget to insert the page numbers Edit your work means reading through the paper several times before submission and don’t just rely rel y on the rough spelling and grammar checks offered by your software.




















PREPARING THE PRESENTATION

1. 2. 3. 4.

The style style and and presen presenta tatio tion n of assi assignm gnment entss are esse essenti ntial al Presentati Presentation on should should be presen presented ted clear clearly ly.. It should not be be read read out out litera literatur turee cited cited in in text text shoul should d be acc accura urately tely documen documente ted d refere reference ncess used used for prese presente nted d should should be clea clearly rly ment mention ioned ed

LESSON TWENTY-FIVE : DELEGATION OF WORK A

WHAT IS DELEGA DELE GATION? TION?

Delegation is the ability to assign tasks to others with the authority, authority, responsibility and accountability to finish the tasks. B

WHY DELEGA DELE GATE TE TASKS? ASKS ?

Reason why should I delegate tasks : Will be able to save time Help others to learn new skills, for example, how to negotiate and cooperate Utilize individual’s individual’s additional strengths and expertise Will be able to achieve large goals by dividing them into smaller s maller tasks Promotes creativity and diversity because others may have better way doing things Cut down on tasks that can be done just as well b y others • •

• • •

•

C WHAT TO DELEGA DELE GATE TE




















1. QUESTIONING Discover a problem • Form a question to answer the problem • 2. PLANNING Set out steps to find answer • Select sources for possible answer • Plan a basic draft for reporting • Assign tasks to team members • • Agree on contingency plans 3. GATHERING Go to agreed sources of information • Collect information • 4. SORTING Put similar information together • • Highlight valuable credible information 5. SYNTHESISING Discuss information with others • Combine different information • 6. EVALUATING Discuss if information gathered supports the answer • • Test out solution and decision that supports the answer 7. REPORTING




















LESSON TWENTY-SIX : TOPICS FOR STUDY

STEPS TO DO A STUDY

PORTFOLIO o

The portfolio will contain: 1.

a. b. c. d.

Team journal Study project introduction page Minutes of team meetings Initial project plan / calendar Conflict resolution report

2.

Initial framework for presentation

3.

Final presentation

o

The purpose of team journal is to keep track the progress of the project.

o

The team’s initial framework is where the team should do some basic






















CREATING YOUR PRESENTATION

A Presentation should: Have at least 15 slides (not ( not including the Title slide) o o

Have a Title slide Introduce a presentation Include names of each member of the team • •

o

Use any design templates

o

Use Use at leas leastt five five grap graphi hics cs (e.g (e.g.. clip clipar art, t, phot photog ogra raph phs, s, word word art art and and drawings) Have some multimedia Use animation on slides

o

•



















Societ y 73 Form 4 Lesson Notes Part 1 ICT & Society • •

•

Practice in advance Prepare notes on paper or cue cards to help you remember to speak out clearly for people at the back to hear you Do not shout

Chapter 1 : ICT and Society

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