Lab report made by me. Check for errors may not be 100% correct.
my first lecture on surveying
geodesi dalam survei tambangDeskripsi lengkap
for Surveying subject
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Descripción: for Surveying subject
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CHAIN SURVEYING SUMMARY & ABSTRACT:
Chain (Tape) surveying is the simplest form of detail surveying. In this method the lengths of lines marked on the field are measured, while the details are measured by offsets and ties from these lines. This field work was done for 3 field hours (i.e. in 1. hours, in two meetings). !a"h group was e#pe"ted to submit a detailed report besides the final plan of the area surveyed. OBJECTIVES:
This field work aimed to train the student on the following pro"ess$ 1. %ele"tion %ele"tion of a &en"h 'ark 'ark ("hain ("hain or base lines) lines) and "ontrol "ontrol points. points. . ire"t method method of of linear linear measurement measurementss (hori*ontal (hori*ontal distan"e distan"e measurem measurement). ent). 3. %ettin %etting g out out right right angles angles (off (offsets sets). ). +. eter etermi mini ning ng the dire" dire"ti tion on of any any line line in the the fiel field d with with respe" respe"tt to magne magneti" ti" north bearing. . etermining etermining the the topograph topographi" i" survey details, details, and representi representing ng them in standard standard or "onve"tional signs. -. &ook &ookin ing g 'eth 'ethod od.. . /lot /lotti ting ng 'eth 'ethod od.. APPARATUS & INSTRUMENT
1. Tape Tapess (0metres (0metres fiber fiber tape measure measure and and .metres .metres steel steel tape) tape) . 1 an angin ging o ods 3. &ook &ookin ing g &ook &ook (not (notee book book)) PROCEDURE:
1. 2e started started with with a re"onn re"onnaiss aissan" an"ee of the area area and sele"ted sele"ted a suitable suitable &en"h &en"h 'ark () and stations based on the "riterion given in 4ote 1. . 2e meas measur ured ed all all the the "hai "hain n line liness on"e on"e in ea"h ea"h dire dire"t "tio ion n usin using g the the dire dire"t "t measurement method. %ee 4ote . 3. 2e then measured measured the the offsets5or offsets5or ties ties from every every ne"essary ne"essary point point on the the detail detail to the "orresponding base line6 using the pro"edure e#plained in 4ote 3. +. 2e also measured measured on the the details details (on soft soft details, details, i.e. trees). . &esides &esides that, we we then re"orde re"orded d all the information information and and measurements measurements properly properly in the booking papers as e#plained in 4ote +. -. dditional dditionally ly we made made the ne"essary ne"essary "al"ulatio "al"ulations ns and "orre"tions. "orre"tions. . 7inally 7inally, we drew drew all the details details in a suitab suitable le s"ale to produ" produ"ee a detailed detailed map of of the area. %ee 4ote .
CHAINAGE FIELD REPORT
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Note 1: CHAIN LINES & STATIONS SELECTIONS
To lo"ate a suitable stations and "hain lines, a re"onnaissan"e of the area was undertaken by walking around the area re8uired to be surveyed. ny obsta"les noti"ed were noted as "hallenges. The sele"ted stations were su"h that they produ"e well formed linked triangles or bra"ed 8uadrilaterals. The prin"iples we "onsidered were as follows$ 1. 7ew long lines were used. . 9bsta"les to ranging or "haining were taken "are off. 3. 2e made "he"k lines where possible to dete"t errors when plotting. +. The lines we used were "lose to the details (to avoid long offsets (:13m) and ties. fter sele"tion of the Bench M!"# $A% B% C&D we drew the sket"h of the area and marked the stations by wooden pegs, and gave a letter for ea"h station. NOTE ': DIRECT DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
7or measuring any distan"e between and &, espe"ially when it is longer than the tape length, the following ranging is needed$ ranging by eye. 1. The ranging rode should be pla"ed at the beginning point and the end point &. The first man should pla"e the tape *ero point at . . The se"ond man holding the third raging rod and the tape should move to the dire"tion of & to a point of the end of the tape length. Then he should hold the ranging rod verti"ally. 3. The first man at point lines up the ranging rod with that on point &. by sighting as low as possible. +. Then, the se"ond man should straighten the tape and mark this point. . &oth men move ahead repeat the whole steps beginning from the first mark. -. s measurements pro"esses, the se"ond man should re"ord the length. Note (: SETTING THE OFFSET
!a"h point on our detail was related to the "hain line by offset or ties. This was a""omplished by measuring all ;
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1 1 1 1 CHAINAGE FIELD REPORT
Page
To set out offsets, a prism s8uare "an be used. To lo"ate the point at whi"h a 1 from any point on the feature would meet the "hain line (say &) you "an follow the following steps$ 1. 9ne man should hold the ranging pole at the given point, while the other pole is pla"ed at any point on the "hain line &. . The observer holds the instrument and walk along the line & until he see both poles "oin"ide in ea"h other. Then the distan"e to this point along the "hain line "an be measured beside the length of the perpendi"ular. nother method "an be used by holding the *ero point of the tape at the given point and swinging tape over the "hain line and mark the point on the "hain line at minimum reading.
NOTE ): MEASURING THE BEARING OF A LINE
To measure the angle that any line makes with the magneti" dire"tion, you "an use a prismati" "ompass. The pro"edure is as follow$ 1. /la"e the ranging pole verti"ally at point &. . /la"e the prismati" "ompass over its tripod at point and level it using the bubble and s"rews. 3. otate the "ompass until it is dire"ted to the pole and read the angle. +. epeat the whole pro"edure for point &. NOTE *: BOO+ING
The field book should be neat and "onsistent$ 1. !a"h "hain line is represented by double line drawn through the "orner of the page. . !ntries start at the bottom of the page. 3. etail that is on the right?hand side of the line is booked on the right?hand side of the page and voi"e versa. +. The lengths from the beginning of the line are written inside the double lines while the offset lengths outside. NOTE ,: PLOTTING
. /lot the framework of "hain lines by$ 1. raw the longest line a""ording to its bearing. . &uild up the other "hain lines by using beam "ompasses. 3. raw the "he"k lines, and if there are any errors, "he"k the drawn lines in the in"orre"t triangles. (=ou may need to measure them in the field). &. raw the detail for ea"h "hain line based on offsets and ties information. Then "onne"t these points to get the details.
