KILIMPF
Is umd lizkcd `i drkaccd y kdcazd, qui taimi prfpai`d` `i im`urikalaimtf dc kfmtdktf kfm ic dhud. [u mfljri `iravd `i kdilimtul, im cdtìm sahmaeakd –drhdldsd“. [i amvimtf `i kdsudca`d` bdki :>>> dôfs pfr cfs rfldmfs. Im 4895, [lidtfm `iskujraû qui cfs liofris kilimtfs si fjtimìdm dc lizkcdr liz kcdr kdcazd kfm um :>-:9% `i drkaccd. Im 4209, Ofbmsfm eaoû cds prfpfrkafmis `i cds ldtirads pralds d utacazdr, dsì kflf cd tilpirdturd `i kfkkaûm.
PA^F[ @I KILIMPF
KILIMPF MDPYZDC Zisuctd`f `i cd kdckamdkaûm `i ldrhds d 4>>>¾K. [u kflpfsakaûm quìlakd is luy vdradjci, puis suici timir läs sìcaki y dcÿlamd qui kdc. ◆
Kilimtf Mdturdc Cimtf? [fm rfkds kdcazds kdckamd`ds d tilpirdturds imtri 4:>>¾ y
40>>¾K. @i kfcfr hras, kfm um kfmtima`f `i drkaccd imtri :4% y :9%. ◆
Kilimtf Mdturdc Zäpa`f? Dhcflirdmti ba`räucakf fjtima`f d pdrtar `i cd kfkkaûm `i
pai`rd kdcazd drkaccfsd imtri 4>>>¾ y 4:>>¾K. Kflpuistf `i sacakdtf käckakf y dculamdtf käckakf imtri ftrfs.
KILIMPF DZPAEAKADC Fjtima`fs d pdrtar `i drkaccd y kdcazd. [u kfkkaûm istä imtri 409>¾ y 402>¾K. Cd ldsd fjtima`d si ccdld kcamgir, cd kudc `ispuás `i sir traturd`d eamdlimti si kfmvairti im ic kflpfmimti jäsakf pdrd cd edjrakdkaûm `i kilimtf. ◆ KILIMPF ^FZPCDM@ ^rf`uktf drtaeakadc `i kdcazd y drkaccd, fjtimaim`f kcamgir. • Kilimtf ^frtcdm` Jcdmkf? Amtihrd`f pfr ldtirads pralds pfjris im bairrf. bair rf. • Kilimtf ^frtcdm` kfm Dari Fkcua`f? Paimi um d`atavf ispikadc, qui himird um ieiktf daridmti im ic ldtiradc. • Kilimtf ^frtcdm` `i Jdof Kdcfr `i ba`rdtdkaûm `urdmti ic erdhud`f.
Ba`rdtdkaûm? ^rf`uki umd jdod tilpirdturd `i
• Kilimtf ^frtcdm` `i Icivd`ds Zisastimkads Amakadcis? Ldyfr kfmtima`f `i sacakdtf trakäckakf. • Kilimtf ^frtcdm` Mfrldc? [am d`atavfs.
• Kilimtf ^frtcdm` `i Zisastimkad d cfs [ucedtfs? Jdof kfmtima`f im dculamaf trakäckakf. ◆ KILIMPF ^Y_FCDMAKF Lizkcd `i kilimtf pfrtcdm` y puzfcdmds? 99 d 8>% kcamgir pfrtcdm`. ;> d 09% puzfcdmd. : d 0% `i yisf.
◆ KILIMPF DCYLAMF[F Lizkcd `i kdcazd y jduxatd, qui `ijirä timir läs `ic ;:% `i dcÿlamd y limfs `ic :>% `i ûxa`f `i bairrf.
◆ KILIMPF JCDMKF [i fjtaimi ilpcidm`f ldtirads kdsa cajris `i bairrf y ldmhdmisf.
◆ KILIMPF KFCD Lizkcd pripdrd`d `i kilimtf pfrtcdm` y risamds drtaeakadcis.
◆KILIMPF KFM D@APAUF[ Kilimtf lf`aeakd`f pfr icilimtfs dôd`a`fs pdrd su liofr pcdstaka`d`, `urizd, risastimkad y erdhud`f. Dkicirdmtis / Zitdr`dmtis Alpirlidjacazdmtis D`birimtis Liofrd`fs `i risastimkads Ixpdmsfris ^cdstaeakdmtis Zi`uktfris Amkfrpfrd`fris `i dhud Kurd`fris @isimkferdmtis
EFZLDKAFM @IC KCAMGIZ [ustdmkad fjtima`d pfr cd kdckamdkaûm `i kdcazds drkaccfsds pripdrd`ds drtaeakadclimti kfm d`akaûm `i ftrds ldtirads. [acakdtf Prakäckakf `i 0> d 5>% Dculamdtf Prakäckakf `i 8 d 40% [acakdtf Jakäckakf `i :> d ;>% Eirratf Dculamdtf Pitrdkäckakf `i 9 d 4:%
4.- Ixpcftdkaûm `i ldtirads pralds? @i cds kdmtirds `i pai`rd si ixtrdi cd kdcazd y cd drkaccd li`admti jdrrimdkaûm f ixpcfsavfs.
:.- Prdmspfrti `i ldtirads pralds? p ralds? Cds hrdm`is pai`rds bikbds pi`dzfs si trdmspfrtdm d cd pcdmtd im kdlafmis. cc ivd`f d cfs traturd`fris, qui sfm ri`uka`ds d um td ldôf ;.- Praturdkaûm? Ic ldtiradc is ccivd`f läxalf `i umf y li`ad puchd`ds.
0.- ^ribflfhimazdkaûm? ^ribflfhimazdkaûm? Lizkcd prfpfrkafmdc `i cfs `aeirimtis tapfs `i drkaccd, kdcazd f ftrfs ldtiradcis.
9.- Dcldkimdlaimtf `i ldtirads pralds? Kd`d ldtirad prald sfm ccivd`fs d `aeirimtis dcldkimis, pdrd cd prf`ukkaûm `i `aeirimtis tapfs `i kilimtf.
5.- Lfcaim`d `i ldtirad prald? [i ridcazd pfr li`af `i um lfcamf qui pucvirazd ic ldtiradc.
8.- Bflfhimazdkaûm `i bdramd kru`d? [i ridcazd im cfs `ipûsatfs iquapd`fs pdrd cfhrdr umd lizkcd bflfhámid `ic ldtiradc.
2.- Kdckamdkaûm? [i ilpcid hrdm`is bfrmfs d 40>>¾K, `fm`i cd bdramd si trdmsefrld im kcamgir, `i ; d 0 kl.
1.- Lfcaim`d `i kilimtf? Ic kcamgir is lfca`f, dhrihäm`fci yisf pdrd dcdrhdr ic tailpf `i erdhud`f `ic kilimtf.
4>.- Imvdsi y iljdrqui `ic kilimtf? Ic kilimtf is imvad`f d cfs dcldkimis7 `fm`i siräm imvdsd`fs im sdkfs `i pdpic.
CD DZIMD Is cd `isamtihrdkaûm `i rfkds f pai`rd qui prisimtdm kflpfsakafmis `astamtds. Istd `isamtihrdkaûm pui`i sir mdturdc f drtaeakadc.
◆ [ihÿm su frahim?
DZIMD[ MDPYZDCI[ @isamtihrdkaûm mdturdc `i cds rfkds, kflf ic kudrzf y ic sìcaki. Is um hrdmf `urf. Zutacf _arkûm Kudrzf lamirdc Aclimatd Lfmdkatd
DZIMD DZPAEAKADC Kudm`f ic sir buldmf utacazd iquapfs pdrd traturdr `itirlamd`ds rfkds.
◆ ^fr kflpfsakaûm quìlakd?
DZIMD [ACAKD [i kflirkadcazd kflf kudrzf. Zisastimti d cd djrdsaûm, dc kdcfr, dc äka`f `i cd iskfrad y dc litdc.
DZIMD KZFLAPD @i ixkicimti `imsa`d`, istdjaca`d`, `urizd y djsfrkaûm.
DZIMD _AZKFMAF @i dctd `imsa`d` y luy risastimti dc litdc.
DZIMD FCAUAMD Istd efrld`d `i edydcatd y `i efrstiratd.
◆ [ihÿm cfkdcazdkaûm? cfkdcazdkaûm?
DZIMD ^CDQD ^fsii ristfs frhämakfs ldramfs. [i imkuimtrd d fraccds `ic ldr.
DZIMD UFCKDMAKD [i ixtrdi `ic amtirafr `i cfs vfckdmis7 qui dc umarsi kfm cd kdc prf`uki cd drimd puzfcämakd.
DZIMD LAMD [i imkuimtrd im cd pdrti ameirafr `i cds kdpds `i cd tairrd.
◆ [ihÿm tdldôf?
DZIMD HZYI[D @i 9ll d :ll
DZIMD LI@AD @i :ll d >,9ll
DZIMD EAMD @i >,9ll d >,>: ll
IR^CFPDKAÛM @I DZIMD Cds `umds `i drimd sfm ixtrdì`ds kfm um kdrhd`fr erfmtdc y trdmspfrtd`ds pdrd su prfkisf. Pdljaám pfr látf`fs ba`räucakfs cdvdm cd drimd, im um istdmqui, kfm kbfrrfs `i dhud `i dctd prisaûm, pdrd cuihf sir ccivd`fs cc ivd`fs d um `ipûsatf. Im cd drimd efrld`d `i pai`rds suictds, is mikisdraf cd pirefrdkaûm y cd `itfmdkaûm, cd kudc is ri`uka`d im trfzfs piquiôfs y cuihf kfcfkd`fs im kdlafmis. Cd drimd si cajird `i alpurizds, si tdlazd y sikd dmtis `i su dcldkimdlaimtf.
Y[F[ @I CD DZIMD Cd drimd si utacazd pdrd cd dhrakucturd, dsì kflf pdrd cd edjrakdkaûm `i krastdc, pfr su `urizd y dctf pumtf `i eusaûm7 im kfmoumtf kfm cd hrdld y ic kilimtf, istf s kflpfmim ic bfrlahûm.
CD DZKACCD
Is umd rfkd si`alimtdrad kfmstatua`d pfr sacakdtfs sacak dtfs `i dculamaf ba`rdtd`fs, prfki`imtis `i cd `iskflpfsakaûm `i rfkds qui kfmtaimim ei`ispdtf, kflf ic hrdmatf. [i kdrdktirazd pfr d`quarar pcdstaka`d` dc sir lizkcd`d kfm dhud7 sfmfra`d` y `urizd dc kdcimtdrcd d läs `i 2>>¾K.
KCD[AEAKDKAFM DZKACCD[ ^ZALDZAD[ [i imkuimtrdm im cfs cuhdris `i cds rfkds qui cd prfki`im. @i kfcfr jcdmkf f tardm`f d hras7 pfkf pcästakds y luy purds. [i utacazdm pdrd cd edjrakdkaûm `i ldtiradcis `i kfmstrukkaûm y dhrihd`fs.
DZKACCD[ [IKYM@DZAD[ Cds qui si bdm efrld`f d cf cdrhf `i cfs dôfs sipdr äm`fsi `i cds rfkds `i frahim y si`alimtäm`fsi, im fkdsafmis d umd `astdmkad kfmsa`irdjci. Kfcfr luy `avirsf sihÿm su kflpfsakaûm. [upfmim läs `ic 8>% `ic vdcfr `i drkaccds kflirkad cis y sfm `i fjoitf kflirkadc i am`ustradc.
IRPZDKKAFM Q ^ZFKI[D@F Cd ixpcftdkaûm si ieiktÿd d kaicf djairtf utacazdm`f li`afs likämakfs kfmvimkafmdcis. Ic prfkisd`f am`ustradc `ic prf`uktf `i kdmtird is `i dkuir`f d su mdturdcizd y `i usf qui si `istami. Zi`ukaám`fsi d um ldkbdqui privaf y icalamdkaûm `i cd buli`d`, eamdclimti d umd lfcaim`d bdstd cfs tdldôfs `i pdrtìkucds `isid`fs. Cd tilpirdturd `i sikd`f `ipim`i `i cd utacazdkaûm pfstirafr `i cd drkaccd.
D^CAKDKAFMI[ AM@Y[PZADCI[ Ic pramkapdc usf is im cd kirälakd `i kfmstrukkaûm? tiods, cd`raccfs, jdc`fsds, itk7 dcedrirìd am`ustradc, cfzds, dzuciofs y hris. ^räktakdlimti tf`ds cds drkaccds sfm dptds pdrd istfs usfs, praldm`f cds kfmsa`irdkafmis ikfmûlakds. Dsì laslf sfm utacazd`ds im cd ldmuedkturd `i kilimtfs, kflf euimti `i dcÿlamd y sìcaki. Ym 1>% `i cd prf`ukkaûm si `i`akd d cd edjrakdka ûm `i ldtiradcis `i kfmstrukkaûm y dhrihd`fs. [fcf um 4>% si `i`akd d cds ftrds am`ustrads.
KDCA_D Is umd rfkd si`alimtdrad kflpuistd pfr lamirdcis `i kdrjfmdtf, pramkapdclimti `i kdckaf y ldhmisaf. Is limfs `urd qui ic kfjri y ridk kafmd kfm ieirviskimkad im prisimkad `i äka`fs, kflf ic äka`f kcfrbì`rakf. Kfmstatuyi läs `ic 4>% `ic kfmoumtf `i rfkds si`alimtdrads `i muistrf pcd mitd.
PA^F[
