Manila to start an all-out uprising against the Spanish.
Mutiny- REBELLION AGAINST THE PROPER AUTHORITIES, ESPECIALLY BY SOLDIERS AGAINST THEIR OFFICERS
Carlos de la Torre The governor general before Rafael Izquierdo Because of his style of ruling, he was accused by his fellow Spaniards for letting the Filipino rebel.
Rafael Izquierdo Spanish Governor- General Conservatism was added in his style of ruling. All the projects and reforms of de la Torre was removed by Rafael. He introduced new reforms including a tax of Filipinos serving in the Army, requiring them to pay a tax for their service and force them into labor.
Once word of the uprising in Cavite reached the Spanish in Manila, the Spanish army quickly sent an entire regiment to Cavite led by General Felipe Ginovès. Ginovès . The Spanish laid siege to the captured fort until all of the mutineers surrendered. Once the fort was back under Spanish control, Ginovès all mutineers to be executed. Mutineers were imprisoned. The prisoners were later exiled to the Philippine island of Mindanao. GOMBURZA Executed on February 17, 1872 In Bagumbayan Field in Manila during Cavite mutiny in the 19th century.
Principal organizers of Cavite itself Sgt. Fernando La Madrid -Mestizo sergeant -Killed in the suppression in the revolt.
Cavite mutiny was on January 20, 1872 In January of 1872, when 1872, when the soldiers received their pay with the new tax taken out, all hell broke out as they were furious with the new change. At Fort San Felipe (Spanish Arsenal in Cavite), the soldiers began their uprising. 200 Philippine soldiers proceeded soldiers proceeded to take the entire fort, killing 11 Spanish soldiers in soldiers in the process. Octavo’s confession
- Octavo testified that the rebellion was scheduled to begin on January 20.
-However, Octavo testified that he did not know any signal agreed upon for the start of the rebellion.
The Philippine soldiers were under the belief that they would have support from
Garrote was Garrote was a barbaric Spanish method of execution in which an iron collar was tightened around the prisoner’s neck until death occurred.) The fathers Gomez, Burgos and Zamora were Zamora were very active when it came to pushing for changes in the way the church was run in colonial Philippines. At that time, the church was still heavily led by Spanish friars and religious orders despite the declaration of secularization of 1774. The priests were also aware of the unfair treatment of Spain toward ordinary Filipinos and did not hesitate to voice out their concerns through demonstrations demonstrations and publications. The three martyr priests were members of the Committee of Reformers that campaigned for changes in the way the country was run. Because of their consistent clash with Spain’s ideals, they were considered filibusteros or agitators. However, they were popular figures
and priests to boot, it was not so easy for Spain to just put them in front of a firing squad.
Mariano Gomez (1799-1872) Born in Sta. Cruz, Manila on August 2,1799 Parents: Francisco Gomez and Martina Custodio. Aged 25, designated as the head priest of Bacoor, Cavite. Fr. Gomez was responsible for publishing the newspaper La Verdad, meaning The Truth. Served as the voice of the Filipino propagandists against the Spanish colonizers. First to be executed on February 17, 1872. Jacinto Zamora (1835-1872) Born on August 14, 1835 Born in Pandacan, Manila Parents: Venancio Zamora and Hilaria del Rosario He was a Filipino secular priest. Led a campaign against the abusive Spanish friars and fought for equal rights among priests. The Filipino priests loved and admired Father Zamora. But the Spanish friars detested him. They hatched a plan to get even with him They accused him of collaborating with the rebels who led an uprising in Cavite. Jose Apolinario Burgos (1837-1872) Born on February 9, 1837 in Vigan, Ilocos Sur His father was Jose Burgos, a Spanish lieutenant in the Spanish militia of the Ilocos, and his mother was Florencia Garcia, a native of Vigan. Last victim that morning wherein his death was the most dramatic. Continued the struggles started by his professor (Fr. Pedro Pelaez-died in an earthquake that destroyed the Manila Cathedral in 1863.) Exerted all efforts to defend the Filipino clergy from all attacks by the Spanish
regulars. Asserted that the Filipino priest were qualified to administer the parishes. Appealed to the Spanish Queen (Queen Isabella II) to give the Filipino priest the chance to prove that they could equal the Spanish regulars.
Purpose of the Cavite Revolt The purpose was to put to death all Spaniards and to proclaim a provisional government under Father Burgos, to prepare the way for a more permanent government. The Spanish Perspective of the Cavite mutiny Causes were enumerated by them including the Spanish Revolution which overthrew the secular throne, dirty propagandas proliferated by unrestrained press, democratic, liberal and republican books and pamphlets reaching the Philippines, and most importantly, the presence of the native clergy who out of animosity against the Spanish friars, “conspired and supported” the rebels and enemies of Spain. Anonymous letter sent to Izquerdo “I make known to you that, as I was informed this very night, in the market here (Cavite) and in the walls (Intramuros) on Friday or Saturday of this week they will fire a cannon shot in the fort of Manila, the sign of a revolt against the Spaniards. They are taking this occasion since the squadron is not here. The one who is acting as head of the revolt is the Very Reverend Father Burgos in Manila, and in Cavite the artillery sergeants and the corporate of the native marines. “
Izquierdo had no need of such a story to put him on the alert, for on Jan. 19 he had already received an anonymous letter, as had the acting commander of the navy, telling of a revolt planned for that night or the next, simultaneously in Manila and Cavite, and he was still on alert.
The Izquierdo deemed that the event of 1872 was planned earlier and was thought of it as a big conspiracy among educated leaders, mestizos, Abogadillos or native lawyers, residents of Manila and Cavite and the native clergy. They insinuated that the conspirators of Manila and Cavite planned to liquidate high-ranking Spanish officers to be followed by the massacre of the friars. When the news reached the iron-fisted Gov. Izquierdo, he readily ordered the reinforcement of the Spanish forces in Cavite to quell the revolt. The “revolution” was easily crushed when the expected reinforcement from Manila did not come ashore. Jose Montero y Vidal Born on January 28, 1851 Went to Madrid, to study jurisprudence Worked in the Ministry of Development and Overseas. Developed an essay and literary work focused on the history, geography and ethnography of the Philippines, an area in which he stood out as one of the greatest specialists of the last third of the 19th century. Is a prolific Spanish historian documented the event and highlighted it as an attempt of the Indios to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines. Permanent War Council immediately conducted investigation. Spanish hit Zamora because of his relation with Burgos, and had conflict once with the friars at Church. Longest and closest in time to the events of the mutiny. His version was considered as the “official version” Cavite was part of a larger revolution planned by Burgos, Gomez and Vidal “Some individuals of the navy”
Two officers: Morquecho and Jose Montesinas – commanded the revolting artillerymen Izquierdo blamed the unruly Spanish Press for “stockpiling” malicious propagandas grasped by the Filipinos. He reported to the King of Spain that the “rebels” wanted to overthrow the Spanish government to install a new “hari” in the likes of Fathers Burgos and Zamora. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera Born on April 13, 1857 and Died on March 26, 1925 Filipino scholar and researcher In his point of view, the incident was a mere mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal who turned out to be dissatisfied with the abolition of their privileges. Indirectly, Tavera blamed Gov. Izquierdo’s cold-blooded policies such as the abolition of privileges of the workers and native army members of the arsenal and the prohibition of the founding of school of arts and trades for the Filipinos, which the general believed as a cover-up for the organization of a political club. Tavera believed that the Spanish friars and Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a powerful lever by magnifying it as a fullblown conspiracy involving not only the native army but also included residents of Cavite and Manila, and more importantly the native clergy to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines. Tavera sadly confirmed that the Madrid government came to believe that the scheme was true without any attempt to investigate the real facts or extent of the alleged “revolution” reported by Izquierdo and the friars. Convicted educated men who participated in the mutiny were sentenced life imprisonment while members of the native clergy headed by the GOMBURZA were tried and executed by garrote.
A Response to Injustice: The Filipino Version of the Incident by Trinidad Pardo de Tavera In his point of view, the incident was a mere mutiny by the native Filipino soldiers and laborers of the Cavite arsenal who turned out to be dissatisfied with the abolition of their privileges. Indirectly, Tavera blamed Gov. Izquierdo’s cold-blooded policies such as the abolition of privileges of the workers and native army members of the arsenal and the prohibition of the founding of school of arts and trades for the Filipinos, which the general believed as a cover-up for the organization of a political club. Tavera believed that the Spanish friars and Izquierdo used the Cavite Mutiny as a powerful lever by magnifying it as a fullblown conspiracy involving not only the native army but also included residents of Cavite and Manila, and more importantly the native clergy to overthrow the Spanish government in the Philippines. It is noteworthy that during the time, the Central Government in Madrid announced its intention to deprive the friars of all the powers of intervention in matters of civil government and the direction and management of educational institutions. This turnout of events was believed by Tavera, prompted the friars to do something drastic in their dire desire to maintain power in the Philippines. Tavera sadly confirmed that the Madrid government came to believe that the scheme was true without any attempt to investigate the real facts or extent of the alleged “revolution” reported by Izquierdo and the friars. Convicted educated men who participated in the mutiny were sentenced life imprisonment while members of the native clergy headed by the GOMBURZA were tried and executed by garrote. According to some oral accounts the flag of the rebels was red with a square field.
According to someone else the flag was white (upper stripe ) and red ( lower stripe). The white and red flag probably was not a rebel flag, was simply the flag of the Marictime Province of the Philippines who flown on the Spanish Arsenal de Cavite.
