PHILIPPINE RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (PRDP) I-PLAN Component Mindanao Clute!
VALUE CHAIN ANAL+%I% AND COMPETITIVENE%% %TRATE#+, CA%%AVA Mindanao
DEPARTMENT O" A#RICULTURE Mindanao Re$ion
II/MB Final
%eptem&e! '*
0
CONTENT% CONTENT%
Pa$e
EECUTIVE %UMMAR+
6
%e.tion , Int!odu.tion
9 9 10
A. B.
Backgron! In"ormation #b$ective% #b$ective o" t&e '(A
(.
Met&o!olog) an! Approac&
%e.tion ', O/e!/ie0 o1 t2e Indut!3
A. B.
+ro!ct ,e%crip ription +ro!ction -ren!%
11 1*
%e.tion 4, Natu!e and %t!u.tu!e o1 Indut!3
1* 14 *4
A. B. (.
'ale (&ain Mapping e) +la)er% an! Fnction% Natre o" Interrm Relation%&ip%
*4 * 41
,.
+rice an! (o%t trctre
42 49
%e.tion *, Ma!5et and Ma!5et Oppo!tunitie
A. B.
Market% an! Market -ren!% +rice -ren!%
%e.tion 6, %uppo!t %e!/i.e
A. B.
Financial ervice% Non3F on3Fiinanc nancia iall erv ervice% ice%
49 29 6*
%e.tion 7, Ena&lin$ En/i!onment
6* 6 66
A. B.
Formal Rle%5 Reglation% an! +olicie% In"ormal Rle% an! ocio3(ltral Norm%
66 64
%e.tion 8, Cont!aint and Oppo!tunitie %e.tion 9, Competiti/ene Di!e.tion
6 6 6
A.
(ompetitivene%% (ompetitivene%% 'i%ion
B.
+riori +riorit) t) (on%tr (on%train aint% t% / #pport #pportni nitie tie% % an! Interv Intervent ention ion
%e.tion :, Con.luion and Re.ommendation
94
1 II/MB Final
LI%T O" TA;LE% TA;LE%
1 * 4 2 6 9 1 0 1 1 1 * 1 1 4 1 2 1 6 1 1 1 9 * 0 * 1 * * * * 4 * 2 * 6 * *
Pa$e
(a%%ava B)3+ro!ct% "or In!%trial 7%e e) +ro! +ro!ct% ct% +ro! +ro!ce% ce% an! -ra!e! ra!e! in Min!an Min!anao ao Region egion -op 10 (a%%ava +ro!cing (ontrie% -op 2 (ontrie% In -erm% o" Average 8iel! M-/&ectare: (8 *01 R+ (a%%ava +ro!ction (8 *01 -op (a%%ava +ro!cer% in t&e +&ilippine% (8 *01 -op 10 +rovi rovinc nce% e%;; 'olm olme e an! an! 8iel! iel! +ro!ction -ren!%;
1 14 14 12 16 16 1 1 19 *0
+ro!ction -ren!%; #((AR=>N (8 *0093*01
*1
+ro!ction -ren!%; (araga (8 *0093*01
**
+ro!ction -ren!%; ARMM (8 *0093*01
*
+lanting Material% (ommonl) Available in Min!anao
*9
,i%tribtion o" (ommercial Mi?e! Fee! Man"actre% Man"actre% b) Region a% o" November *01* @i%t o" Fee! Mill% an! Integrator% t&at &ave been I!entie! to t&e !ate to be %orcing ca%%ava "rom Min!anao tarc& (ompanie% in Min!anao
9
nap%&ot Relation%&ip A%%e%%ment; Fee!% ppl) (&ain
44
@o%t an! Retain%; (a%%ava Farming 1 ectare
42
Relative Relative Financial +o%ition o" '( +la)er%; (a%%ava (&ip% an! =ranle%
4
Relati lative ve Finan inanci cial al +o%it o%itio ion n o" o" '( '( +la +la)e )er% r%;; (a% (a%%a %ava va (&ip (&ip% % an! an! =ran =ranl le% e%
4
+&ilippine >?port o" (a%%ava. *0093*01
49
>?porter% o" (a%%ava (&ip% an! +ellet%
20
e) >?porting o" (ontrie% o" (a%%ava +ro!ct%
20
e) o" Importing o" (a%%ava +ro!ct%; *01
21
Calit) tan!ar!%
24
+&ilippine Import% o" (&ip% an! +ellet%
24
+&ilippine Import% o" (a%%ava tarc&
26
9 40
* II/MB Final
* 9 0 1 * 4
Annal +er (apita (on%mption o" (a%%ava g/)ear:
2
+rice o" (a%%ava (&ip% in -&ailan!
29
In!icative +rice% o" (a%%ava +ro!ct%
60
(on%traint% an! #pportnitie%
6
mmar) o" (on%traint%/#pportnitie% an! Intervention
4
+ropo%e! 'ale (&ain Foc% "or Region% in Min!anao
92
LI%T O" "I#URE% N o< 1 * 4 2
Title 7+@8 (AIN IN -> (AA'A 7B>(-#R
1*
(AA'A +R#,7(-I#N IN -> +I@I++IN>5 (8 *01 'A@7> (AIN MA+ #F (AA'A (I+ AN, =RAN7@> F#R F>>, IN MIN,ANA# 'A@7> (AIN MA+ #F (AA'A -7B>R F#R -AR( (#M+ANI> IN MIN,ANA#
12
'A@7> (AIN MA+ #F (AA'A -7B>R F#R D>- MAR>- IN MIN,ANA# 'A@7> (AIN MA+ #F (AA'A =RA,> AN, ,>@I(A(I> IN MIN,ANA# F@#D #F (AA'A +R#,7(- IN MIN,ANA#
9
#RI<#N-A@ M>-#, #F +@AN-IN= (AA'A IN 7@7 -8+I(A@ DA8 -A- FARM>R ,R8 -> (I+ AN, -7B>R
6
10 11 1* 1 14
Pa$e
-8+I(A@ -#RA=> AR>A #F (AA'A (I+ AN, =RAN7@> IN MIN,ANA# R>@A-I'> FINAN(IA@ +#I-I#N #F '( +@A8>R; (AA'A (I+ AN, =RAN7@> IN MIN,ANA#5 (>NARI# 1 R>@A-I'> FINAN(IA@ +#I-I#N #F '( +@A8>R; (AA'A (I+ AN, =RAN7@> IN MIN,ANA#5 (>NARI# * (AA'A 7++@8 7-I@I +I@I++I>N>5 *01 AM+@> #F (AA'A (I+ IN #->R (#7N-RI>
*4 *2 *6 * * 0 2 6 46 4 2 2
II/MB Final
12 16 1 1
A'>RA=> >E+#R- +RI(> #F (AA'A (I+ IN -> D#R@, MAR>8N->I F#R (AA'A 'A@7> (AIN (#M+>-I-I'>N> 'II#N IN MIN,ANA# 8N->I F#R (AA'A 'A@7> (AIN (#M+>-I-I'>N> 'II#N IN ARMM AM+@> IN->R'>N-I#N M#,>@ -# FA(I@I-A-> FARM>R A((> -# =##, C7A@I-8 +@AN-IN= MA->RIA@
29 6 6
ANNEE% Anne=e ,Ran5in$ and P!io!iti>a!ion
Anne? 1; N Anne? 2; (araga Anne? 6; ARMM
9 9 99 100 101 10*
4 II/MB Final
ACRON+M% A>AN AF-A ARMM BAR BA (,A (FA (@#A ,A ,AR ,AR ,>NR ,D, ,-I >7 FA# F=, FMAR, =A+ == =M+ A((+ IFA, IF+RI II MI(( Min,A M@=7 MR,+ N((A+ +,+ +I, +@=7 ++, +R,+ >( MFI #((AR=>N -('(A
A%%ociation o" ot&ea%t A%ian Nation% A%ean Free -ra!e Area Atonomo% Region in M%lim Min!anao Brea o" Agricltral Re%earc& Brea o" Agricltre tati%tic% (ooperative ,evelopment At&orit) (ertie! Financial ervice% A!itor (erticate o" @an! #Gner%&ip AGar! ,epartment o" Agricltre ,epartment o" Agrarian Re"orm ,epartment o" Agrarian Re"orm ,epartment o" >nvironment an! Natral Re%orce% ,epartment o" ocial an! Del"are an! ,evelopment ,epartment o" -ra!e an! In!%tr) >ropean 7nion Foo! an! Agricltre #rganiHation Foc% =rop ,i%c%%ion Fe!eral Mini%tr) o" Agricltre an! Rral ,evelopment =oo! Agricltre +ractice% =reen&o%e =a% =oo! Man"actring +ractice% aHar! Anal)tical (ritical (ontrol +oint International Fn! "or Agricltral ,evelopment International Foo! +olic) Re%earc& In%titte e) In"ormant IntervieG Matling In!%trial (ommercial (orporation Min!anao ,evelopment At&orit) Mnicipal @ocal =overnment 7nit Min!anao Rral ,evelopment +ro$ect National (limate (&ange Action +lan +&ilippine ,evelopment +lan +&ilippine In%titte o" ,evelopment t!ie% +rovincial @ocal =overnment 7nit +o%t3arve%t +&)%iolog) ,eterioration +&ilippine Rral ,evelopment +ro$ect ecrit) an! >?c&ange (ommi%%ion an Migel Foo!% Inc. ot& (otabato5 (otabato5 ltan !arat5 arangani an! =eneral anto% (it). -ran%"er (erticate o" -itle 'ale (&ain Anal)%i%
2 II/MB Final
EECUTIVE %UMMAR+ -&e +&ilippine Rral ,evelopment +ro$ect +R,+:5 a Jag%&ip pro$ect o" t&e ,epartment o" Agricltre ,A:5 i% !e%igne! to e%tabli%& t&e government% plat"orm "or a mo!ern5 climate3%mart an! market3oriente! agri3%&er) %ector. -&e !e%ign o" +R,+ an! it% implementation a%pect% !raG &eavil) on t&e e?perience% o" t&e Min!anao Rral ,evelopment +ro$ect% MR,+ 1 an!*:5 a program t&at &a% been %cce%%"ll) implemente! over t&e pa%t !eca!e. -&e program a!opt% a vale c&ain !evelopment approac& a% a plat"orm "or promoting incl%ive5 climate re%ilient5 an! %%tainable groGt& in ke) agricltral %b%ector% an! vale c&ain%. (a%%ava i% one o" t&e priorit) pro!ct% o" all t&e region% in Min!anao. (a%%ava &a% a %trong economic relation%&ip Git& re%orce3con%traine! "armer% %itate! in "ore%t margin% an! marginal lan!%. -&e crop can be groGn n!er marginal con!ition% G&ere "eG ot&er crop% col! %rvive. It i% relativel) tolerant o" poor %oil an! %ea%onal !rog&t an! &a% an nrivalle! abilit) to recover "rom !amage b) pe%t% an! !i%ea%e%. -&e crop oKer% t&e convenient Je?ibilit) t&at it can be &arve%te! G&en t&e "armer% nee! it. It can be le"t in t&e gron! "or mont&% to * )ear% a"ter planting an! t&en &arve%te! a% nee!e!. -&e%e c&aracteri%tic% make t&i% crop a "n!amental "oo! an! income %ecrit) in marginal agricltral lan!%. ence5 an) !evelopment in ca%%ava Gill &ave an implication on "oo! %ecrit)5 povert) alleviation5 an! on t&e protection an! tiliHation o" marginal lan!% in t&e +&ilippine% t&at at pre%ent contribte ver) little to agricltre. (a%%ava i% al%o an in!%trial crop an! i% noG increa%ingl) %e! b) lea!ing "ee! man"actrer% in t&e +&ilippine%. +ro!ction o" c&ip% an! granle% "or t&e "ee! in!%tr) provi!e% a %orce o" liveli&oo! to "armer% an! t&eir &o%e&ol! member% an! laborer% in Nort&ern Min!anao5 #((AR=>N5 N &a! t&e &ig&e%t average )iel! at *2.0 M- "olloGe! b) Nort&ern Min!anao at *.9 M-. -&e Gorl! tra!e in ca%%ava pro!ct% i% %%taine! mainl) b) in!%trial !eman!. -&ere are t&ree main ca%%ava pro!ct% t&at are tra!e! in t&e international market5 namel); c&ip%5 pellet%5 an! %tarc&. -&ailan! acconte! "or abot 6L o" total c&ip% an! pellet% e?porte! an! *L o" %tarc& e?port% in *01. A% t&e bigge%t %ingle contr) e?porter5 -&ailan! %et% t&e price in t&e Gorl! market. (ollectivel)5 average vale o" ca%%ava pro!ct% tra!e! in t&e international market range% "rom 7 to .2 billion. 6 II/MB Final
(a%%ava pro!ce! b) Min!anao i% %e! mainl) a% "ee! ingre!ient% in t&e "orm o" c&ip% an! granle%5 a% a raG material "or %tarc& pro!ction5 an! a% "oo!. (rrent %ppl) o" ca%%ava i% not %cient to meet reOirement% o" t&e !ome%tic "ee! in!%tr). +&ilippine% import% ca%%ava c&ip% an! pellet% "rom 'ietnam an! -&ailan!. #n t&e average5 +&ilippine% %pent abot 7 4.*2 million annall) "or importation o" c&ip% an! pellet% !ring t&e la%t ve )ear%. -&e contr) i% a net importer o" ca%%ava c&ip% an! pellet%. Dit& live%tock an! aOacltre pro!ction an! con%mption in an increa%ing tren!5 t&e %e o" !rie! ca%%ava c&ip%/ca%%ava granle% i% e?pecte! to contine groGing. Dit& corn pro!ction not e?pecte! to increa%e %ignicantl)5 ca%%ava i% pro$ecte! to become an increa%ingl) attractive option "or commercial "ee!% man"actrer%. +rice competitivene%% o" ca%%ava c&ip% vi%3P3vi% importe! corn Gill be a ma$or !eterminant on t&e %%taine! %e o" ca%%ava "or "ee! mi?e%. -&e price o" complementar) pro!ct% %c& a% %o)bean meal% al%o aKect% t&e !eman! "or ca%%ava granle% an! c&ip%. tarc& en!3%e application% &ave groGn in nmber over t&e )ear% an! almo%t all ma$or in!%trie% &ave "on! %ome %e% "or %tarc&. -&e "oo! in!%tr) rank% a% t&e large%t en!3%e %ector5 Git& %Geetener application% repre%enting t&e large%t %b3 %egment Gorl!Gi!e. (a%%ava %tarc& %er% in t&e +&ilippine%5 &oGever5 pre"er to %orce "rom -&ailan! beca%e o" price an! Oalit) c&aracteri%tic% %c& a% blan!ne%%5 !ige%tibilit)5 loGer gelatiniHation temperatre5 %itabilit) "or t&e man"actre o" top Oalit) remoi%tening gm% "or label%5 envelope%5 an! t&e like5 goo! aci! re%i%tance an! long %&el" li"e. +&ilippine% %pen! an average o" 7 *.16 million per )ear "or ca%%ava %tarc& import%. Ba%e! on BA !ata5 annal per capita con%mption o" ca%%ava !ecrea%e! "rom .1* kilogram% in *00/09 to *. kg in *01*. Man) o" t&e area% G&ere t&ere Ga% a %teep !ecline in annal per capita con%mption al%o &a! !oGnGar! tren! in t&eir ca%%ava pro!ction an!/or an increa%e in c&ip%/granle pro!ction. -&e &ig&e%t per capita con%mption Ga% in ARMM Git& 11.69 kg.
live%tock "ee!. -able 1 %mmariHe% t&e ke) con%traint% an! propo%e! intervention %trategie% an! approac&e% a% i!entie! an! !ene! !ring t&e take&ol!er% (on%ltation%. Dit&in t&e ne?t ve )ear%5 t&e ca%%ava %b%ector Gill "oc% on bil!ing it% capacit) an! capabilit) to meet t&e nee!% o" t&e !ome%tic market. ,evelopment !irection% "or ARMM Gill be geare! more toGar!% bil!ing it% capacit) to %ppl) A@A@ certie! "oo! pro!ct% an! live%tock "ee!. -&e "olloGing are t&e %pecic in!%tr) c&ange% reOire! to boo%t t&e competitivene%% o" t&e ca%%ava %b%ector parallel to en&ancing it% contribtion to t&e "oo! %ecrit) %tat% o" it% pro!cer% an! con%mer%; 3
Improve! %ppl)5 acce%%5 an! %e o" co%t3ecient "ertiliHer an! ot&er inpt%5
goo! Oalit) planting material%5
3
Improve! JoG an! Oalit) o" embe!!e! e?ten%ion %ervice% an! a!option o" %%tainable "arming practice%
3
Increa%e in nmber o" ca%%ava pro!cing area% Git& acce%% to =M+ compliant po%t&arve%t "acilitie%
3
Availabilit) an! acce%% to improve! proce%%ing tec&nologie%5 pro!ct !evelopment %ervice%5 an! =M+ an! alal compliant common %ervice "acilitie% "or ca%%ava3ba%e! "oo! pro!ction
3
>%tabli%&ment o" &alal village level "ee! milling "acilitie% in ARMM to promote $!icio% tiliHation o" ca%%ava an! mitigate ri%k% o" over%ppl) parallel to re!cing co%t o" live%tock pro!ction an! to la) t&e gron!Gork "or pro!ction o" &alal certie! meat pro!ct%
3
Improve! "arm to market roa!%
3
Improve! pro!ction planning an! %ppl) c&ain coor!ination
II/MB Final
%e.tion , INTRODUCTION A< ;AC?#ROUND IN"ORMATION AND O;JECTIVE% -&e agricltral %ector %trateg) Agri3+ino): embo!ie! in t&e +&ilippine ,evelopment +lan +,+: "or *0113*016 a!vance% t&e principle% o" incl%ive groGt&5 "oo! %taple %cienc)5 natral re%orce management an! area3ba%e! !evelopment. Agri3+ino) al%o incl!e% t&e "olloGing neG %trategie%; i: in%tittionaliHing regionall)3ba%e!5 %patial planning ii: !eveloping a %)%tem% approac& "or bot& planning an! re%orce allocationQ iii: provi!ing t&e critical in"ra%trctre nee!e! b) priorit) vale c&ain%Q an! iv: bil!ing a more re%ilient pro!ction ba%e to accommo!ate Jctation% in global market% an! eKect% o" climate c&ange. (omplementing t&e Agri3+ino) %trateg) i% t&e National (limate (&ange Action +lan N((A+: G&ic& &ig&lig&t% t&e priorit) to be given to t&e rral %ector in pr%ing climate a!aptation mea%re%. -&e +&ilippine Rral ,evelopment +ro$ect +R,+:5 a Jag%&ip pro$ect o" t&e ,epartment o" Agricltre ,A:5 i% aligne! Git& t&e Agri3+ino) %trateg). It i% a %i?3 )ear program *013*019: !e%igne! to e%tabli%& t&e government% plat"orm "or a mo!ern5 climate3%mart an! market3oriente! agri3%&er) %ector. >?ternall)5 it Gill "oc% on e?pan!ing market acce%% an! improving competitivene%%. Internall)5 it Gill intro!ce re"orm% in operating t&e ,A breacrac). pecicall)5 it aim% to ac&ieve t&e "olloGing !evelopment ob$ective%; •
• •
At lea%t5 2L increa%e in annal real &o%e&ol! income% o" "armer beneciarie%Q 0L increa%e in income "or targete! beneciarie% o" enterpri%e !evelopment L increa%e in vale o" annal markete! otpt *0L increa%e in nmber o" "armer% %&er% Git& improve! acce%% to ,A %ervice%
-o "acilitate t&e ac&ievement o" above ob$ective%5 t&e program &a% "or main component%5 namel); • •
•
I3+@AN; Inve%tment "or AFM+ +lanning at t&e @ocal an! National level% I3B7I@,; Inten%ie! Bil!ing37p o" In"ra%trctre an! @ogi%tic% "or ,evelopment I3R>A+; Inve%tment% "or Rral >nterpri%e% an! Agricltral an! Fi%&erie% +ro!ctivit) 9
II/MB Final
•
I37++#R-; Implementation pport to +R,+
-&e !e%ign o" +R,+ an! it% implementation a%pect% !raG &eavil) on t&e e?perience% o" t&e Min!anao Rral ,evelopment +ro$ect% MR,+ 1 an! *:5 a program t&at &a% been %cce%%"ll) implemente! over t&e pa%t !eca!e. -&e program a!opt% a vale c&ain !evelopment approac& a% a plat"orm "or promoting incl%ive5 climate re%ilient5 an! %%tainable groGt& in ke) agricltral %b%ector% an! vale c&ain%. (a%%ava i% one o" t&e priorit) pro!ct% o" all t&e region% in Min!anao. -&e root crop i% one o" t&e mo%t Gi!el) cltivate! crop% in Min!anao. It i% pre!ominantl) cltivate! b) %mall &ol!er "armer%. Farmer% perceive ca%%ava "arming to be le%% ri%k) compare! to cereal crop%. @ikeGi%e5 ca%%ava al%o %erve% a% a %a"et) netS5 in ca%e o" cereal crop %&ort"all. (ompare! to grain%5 ca%%ava i% more tolerant to loG %oil "ertilit) an! more re%i%tant to !rog&t5 pe%t% an! !i%ea%e%. (a%%ava &a%5 b) compari%on to ot&er crop%5 a relativel) &ig& )iel!. (a%%ava &a% a %trong economic relation%&ip Git& re%orce3con%traine! "armer% %itate! in "ore%t margin% an! marginal lan!%. -&e crop can be groGn n!er marginal con!ition% G&ere "eG ot&er crop% col! %rvive. It i% relativel) tolerant o" poor %oil an! %ea%onal !rog&t an! &a% an nrivalle! abilit) to recover "rom !amage b) pe%t% an! !i%ea%e%. -&e crop oKer% t&e convenient Je?ibilit) t&at it can be &arve%te! G&en t&e "armer% nee! it. It can be le"t in t&e gron! "or mont&% to * )ear% a"ter planting an! t&en &arve%te! a% nee!e!. -&e%e c&aracteri%tic% make t&i% crop a "n!amental "oo! an! income %ecrit) in marginal agricltral lan!%. ence5 an) !evelopment in ca%%ava Gill &ave an implication on "oo! %ecrit)5 povert) alleviation5 an! on t&e protection an! tiliHation o" marginal lan!% in t&e +&ilippine% t&at at pre%ent contribte ver) little to agricltre. (a%%ava pro!ction %)%tem% pla) a ke) role "or "armer% an! &ave con%i!erable proportion &o%e&ol! involvement incl!ing Gomen bot& in "arming5 primar) proce%%ing5 an! tra!ing. It i% proce%%e! mo%tl) b) Gomen into c&ip% an! "oo! pro!ct%. It i% one o" t&e "oo! %ecrit) crop% con%me! in large Oantitie% in M%lim !ominate! commnitie%. (a%%ava i% al%o an in!%trial crop an! i% noG increa%ingl) %e! b) lea!ing "ee! man"actrer% in t&e +&ilippine%. +ro!ction o" c&ip% an! granle% "or t&e "ee! in!%tr) provi!e% a %orce o" liveli&oo! to "armer% an! t&eir &o%e&ol! member% an! laborer% in Nort&ern Min!anao5 #((AR=>N5
;< O;JECTIVE% O" THE VCA =iven t&at t&e "or Min!anao region% generall) %&are t&e %ame %et o" b)er% "rom t&e "ee! in!%tr) an! t&e commonalitie% in pro!ction an! marketing %)%tem%5 t&e cl%ter level approac& to '(A Ga% n!ertaken. @ikeGi%e5 t&e cl%ter level approac& to vale c&ain anal)%i% al%o &ope% to bring co&e%ivene%% into t&e vario% ca%%ava !evelopment initiative% t&at Gol! be n!ertaken on a provincial ba%i%. -&i% report provi!e% an overvieG an! anal)%i% o" t&e ca%%ava vale c&ain Git& t&e aim o" i!enti")ing main leverage point% an! ke) %trategie% to improve competitivene%% o" Min!anao region% an! promote !evelopment in a pro3poor an! %%tainable manner. It Gill provi!e t&e ba%i% "or t&e "ormlation o" t&e +rovincial (ommo!it) Inve%tment +lan an! Gill la) t&e "on!ation "or +R,+% cooperation Git& t&e private %ector an! ot&er government agencie% active in t&e ca%%ava in!%tr). pecicall)5 t&e vale c&ain anal)%i% aim% to; a: +rovi!e an in3!ept& n!er%tan!ing o" t&e range o" "actor% an! relation%&ip% t&at aKect t&e per"ormance o" t&e ca%%ava in!%tr) in t&e %i? region% an! in Min!anao in general5 incl!ing en! market%5 enabling environment an! coor!ination/cooperation among rm%. b: I!enti") in a participator) proce%% t&e %)%temic c&ain level i%%e% t&at &in!er or promote t&e gain"l participation o" rral &o%e&ol!%5 %%tainabilit) o" t&e c&ain5 an! it% competitivene%% in general. c: 7n!er a participator) proce%%5 i!enti") an! prioritiHe intervention% nee!e! to overcome bottleneck% t&rog&ot t&e c&ain t&at Gol! "o%ter vale c&ain competitivene%% an! climate c&ange re%ilienc). !: I!enti") an! e?plore &oG to catal)%e private an! pblic %ector %take&ol!er% in t&e ca%%ava in!%tr) to collaborate "or improve! in!%tr) per"ormance C< METHODOLO#+ AND APPROACH
An initial !e%k %t!) Ga% con!cte! to collect an! %mmariHe in"ormation "rom crrentl) available report% an! %t!ie%. It provi!e! gi!ance to i%%e% t&at nee!e! to be t&e "oc% o" el! re%earc&. -&e el! Gork component o" t&e %t!) Ga% con!cte! %ing Oalitative re%earc& tec&niOe% particlarl) vale c&ain anal)%i% Gork%&op%5 ke) in"ormant intervieG% II:5 an! "oc% grop !i%c%%ion% F=,%:. e) in"ormant% an! participant% to t&e Gork%&op% an! F=,% con%i%te! o" "armer%5 tra!er%5 proce%%or%5 e?porter%5 an! repre%entative% "rom relevant government agencie%. e) in"ormant intervieG% Gere %e! "or collecting !ata on in!ivi!al% per%pective%5 e?perience%5 an! Oantitative !ata. F=,% Gere eKective in generating broa! overvieG% o" i%%e% o" concern% to t&e grop% or %bgrop% repre%ente! an! in t&e trianglation/vetting o" in"ormation obtaine! "rom t&e II. (on%traint% an! intervention% Gere i!entie! an! "rt&er elaborate! ba%e! on iterative an! in!ctive anal)%i% o" re%pon%e% !ring t&e II an! F=,/take&ol!er% Dork%&op primaril) "rom t&e "olloGing per%pective%; 11 II/MB Final
−
−
−
−
(onte?t o" ke) in"ormant% an! F=, participant% -&ir! part) ob%ervation% e.g.5 government agencie%5 provi!er%5 '( "acilitator% Git& e?perience in ca%%ava '( !evelopment pro$ect%5 etc.: Gere important "or %gge%ting important i%%e% to e?plore an! "or %b%tantiating t&e re%lt% o" t&e compan) intervieG% >?perience% o" ot&er ca%%ava pro!cing contrie% %c& a% -&ailan! an! @atin American contrie% +a%t a%%e%%ment %t!ie% o" t&e +&ilippine ca%%ava in!%tr)
(ompetitivene%% i% generall) !ene! a% t&e abilit) to ecientl) pro!ce goo!% an! %ervice%: "or G&ic& t&ere i% &ig& !eman! t&at lea!% to increa%e! income generation capacitie% t&at are %%tainable in t&e "tre. trateg) i% abot c&oice 333 c&oo%ing G&at to !o to bil! competitivene%% "rom a long li%t o" viable an! promi%ing option%. =iven t&e competing an! varie! incentive% an! motivation% among an! betGeen %take&ol!er% an! pla)er%5 t&e proce%% reOire! iterative ranking5 an! prioritiHation5 an! arriving a con%en%% on G&at nee!% to be !one Git&in t&e ne?t 2 )ear%. -&e competitivene%% %trategie% propo%e! in t&i% report reJect t&e c&oice% ma!e a% a re%lt o" e?ten%ive anal)%i% o" t&e in!%tr)% ke) con%traint% an! a !ialoge Git& %take&ol!er% an! pla)er%.
%e.tion ', OVERVIE@ O" THE INDU%TR+ A
1* II/MB Final
(a%%ava Mani&ote%clenta(rantH: i% an important "oo! %orce in man) !eveloping contrie%. Accor!ing to t&e Foo! an! Agricltre #rganiHation FA#:5 more or le%% a billion people !epen! on ca%%ava a% "oo! %taple in 102 contrie%. Di!el) groGn in tropical A"rica5 A%ia5 an! @atin America5 ca%%ava i% t&e "ort& mo%t important crop in !eveloping contrie%. In t&e +&ilippine%5 ca%%ava contribte% 4L to t&e gro%% vale a!!e! in agricltre. A FA# report pbli%&e! in Ma) *01 %ai! ca%%ava &a% a &ge potential an! col! trn "rom Ta poor peopleU% "oo! into a *1%t centr) cropT i" groGn accor!ing to a neG environment 3 "rien!l) "arming mo!el. (a%%ava5 G&ic& i% al%o knoGn a% manioc5 )ca5 baling&o)5 mogo5 man!ioca5 kamotengka&o)5 i% a perennial5 Goo!) %&rb t&at groG% betGeen one to "or meter% in &eig&t. -&e root can groG p to 12cm in !iameter an! reac& 1*0cm in lengt& to Geig& betGeen one an! eig&t kilogram%. -&e root% o" a 131.2 )ear3ol! ca%%ava plant &ave a %tarc& content betGeen *0L an! *L5 G&ic& i% &ig& compare! to ot&er %tarc& "oo! crop%. (a%%ava i% an e?cellent %orce o" carbo&)!rate% bt an in"erior %orce o" protein5 "at an! vitamin%. -&e ca%%ava plant contain% a root an! leave%5 G&ic& can bot& be proce%%e! to make vario% pro!ct%. -&e leave% are goo! %b%titte% an! %pplement to commercial "ee!% G&ile t&e !amage! root% an! %kin can al%o be %e! a% animal "ee!%. More pro!ct%5 &oGever5 can be ma!e "rom t&e root% t&an t&e leave%. +ro!ct% "rom ca%%ava% root% &ave greater vale a% t&e%e reOire more comple? vale a!!e! activitie%. -&e root% nee! to be proce%%e! to re!ce t&e c)ani!e content to %a"e level% be"ore con%mption. #nce &arve%te!5 ca%%ava tber% begin to !eteriorate an! cannot be %tore! "or more t&an a "eG !a)%. -&e) are blk) 1 II/MB Final
Git& abot 0L moi%tre content G&ic& make% tran%portation o" t&e tber% to rban market% !iclt an! e?pen%ive. -&%5 t&ere i% a nee! "or rapi! proce%%ing o" t&e tber% be"ore %poilage %et% in: into vario% pro!ct% Git& increa%e! %&el" li"e. (a%%ava i% acOiring an increa%e! role in rral !evelopment a% raG material "or man) in!%trial application%. -&e mo%t important in!%trial %e% o" ca%%ava are a% %orce o" energ) in animal !iet% in t&e "ee! in!%tr)5 "or t&e %tarc& in!%tr)5 an! more recentl) "or t&e pro!ction o" et&anol.
Ta&le < Caa/a ;3-P!odu.t 1o! Indut!ial Ue P!odu.t
(&ip% an! =ranle%
tarc&
Flor
>t&anol
De.!iption
(a%%ava c&ip% an! granle% are %e! a% "ee! ingre!ient%. It i% %e! a% an alternative or %b%titte to corn. (&ip% can eit&er be pro!ce! "rom peele! or npeele! tber%. +eele! c&ip% comman! a &ig&er price in t&e market. oGever5 "armer% an! proce%%or% in Min!anao generall) crop npeele! c&ip% !e to lack o" mec&anical eOipment "or peeling. Accor!ing to "armer% an! proce%%or%5 manal peeling i% ver) te!io% an! laborio% an! i% not co%t eKective. -&e %tarc& G&ic& i% e?tracte! "rom "re%& root% i% commonl) %e! in t&e man"actre o" bake! goo!% an! con"ection%5 a% a t&ickening agent5 bo!)ing agent or !%ting agent5 or a% a ba%e "or p&armacetical% !rg%:. It i% completel) glten3"ree an! can be %e! a% a %b%titte "or G&eat Jor. (a%%ava Jor &a% )et to evolve into a commercial pro!ct. It i% al%o %e! a% a gle e?ten!er in t&e pl)Goo! in!%tr). >t&anol i% pro!ce! b) "ermenting an! !i%tilling ca%%ava. >t&anol &a% vario% in!%trial %e%; It can be mi?e! Git& petrol or %e! on it% oGn a% a tran%port "el. It can al%o be %e! a% a ba%e "or alco&olic beverage%. @a%tl)5 et&anol can be tiliHe! a% in!%trial alco&ol G&ic& i% important in t&e p&armacetical an! co%metic in!%tr).
(a%%ava varietie% are generall) cla%%ie! accor!ing to t&eir %e namel); a: "or "oo!5 b: "or animal "ee! an! c: "or %tarc& pro!ction. 'arietie% "or "oo! an! "ee! m%t be loG in &)!rogen c)ani!e (N: G&ile t&o%e %e! "or %tarc& or et&anol pro!ction m%t be &ig&e) ca%%ava pro!ct% pro!ce! an! tra!e! in Min!anao are t&e "re%& tber%5 c&ip% an! granle%5 !elicacie%5 %tarc&5 an! t&e grate%. =rate! ca%%ava i% a %pplemental %taple "oo! in M%lim &o%e&ol!%. =rate% are al%o %e! a% %b%titte "or "re%& ca%%ava in preparing local !elicacie%.
14 II/MB Final
Ta&le '< ?e3 P!odu.t P!odu.ed and T!aded in Mindanao Re$ion "!e2 Tu&e!
C2ip and #!anule
#!ate and Deli.a.ie
,avao Region
#((AR=>N
(ARA=A
ARMM
%ta!.2
;< PRODUCTION TREND% < #lo&al P!odu.tion -otal ca%%ava pro!ction "rom 10 contrie% in *01 Ga% abot *15*0504M-. A"rica acconte! "or 2L o" global pro!ction Git& Nigeria a% t&e top pro!cer. +ro!ction "rom Nigeria ma!e p abot 19L o" Gorl! pro!ction in *01*. A%ia contribte! to aron! *L o" Gorl! pro!ction Git& -&ailan! an! In!one%ia a% t&e top pro!cer%. +&ilippine% ranke! *2t& in term% o" pro!ction volme. Ta&le4
P!odu.tion Volume (in MT)
B to @o!ld P!odu.tion
2450005000 05**5000
19L 11L
In!one%ia BraHil ,emocratic Repblic o" t&e (ongo
*59659*1 *15**25* 1652005000
9L L 6L
Angola =&ana MoHambiOe
165411564 1452205000 1050005000
6L 2L 4L
'iet Nam (ambo!ia
954*5200 50005000
L L
#t&er%
65*25*0
*L
'7'6968*
B
Nigeria -&ailan!
@o!ld P!odu.tion Source: FAOSTAT
>?cept "or -&ailan! an! 'ietnam5 t&e top 10 pro!cing contrie% pro!ce ca%%ava "or !ome%tic con%mption. -&ailan!5 on t&e ot&er &an!5 e?port% abot 6L o" it% pro!ction in t&e "orm o" et&anol5 pellet%5 an! poG!er. =roGt& o" ca%%ava pro!ction i% being "ele! b) ri%ing !eman! "or "oo! in t&e A"rican continent an! increa%ing in!%trial application% o" ca%%ava in >a%t an! ot&ea%t A%ia5 e%peciall) "or et&anol an! %tarc&. 12 II/MB Final
In *015 In!ia &a! t&e &ig&e%t average )iel! at 4.96 M-/&ectare5 "olloGe! b) (ook I%lan!% at *2.2 M-/&ectare. -&e%e )iel!% &ave been %rpa%%e! b) %ome province% in Min!anao like ot& (otabato.
Ta&le *
A/e!a$e +ield (MT2e.ta!e)
In!ia (ook I%lan!% @ao +eopleU% ,emocratic Repblic
4.96 *2.2 *2.1
(&ina5 -aiGan +rovince o" riname
*4.22 *.
Source: FAOSTAT
'< Dometi. P!odu.tion "i$u!e '< Pe!.enta$e ;!ea5do0n o1Caa/a P!odu.tion in t2e P2ilippine &3 Re$ion '4
#" t&e *56152*.24 M- o" ca%%ava pro!ce! nationGi!e in *015 L came "rom Min!anao. BetGeen t&e perio! *009 an! *015 ca%%ava pro!ction in Min!anao increa%e! b) 1L. >?cept "or (ARA=A G&ic& regi%tere! a !ecrea%e o" 61L5 all o" t&e ot&er region% &a! increa%e! ca%%ava pro!ction !ring t&e %ame perio!. #((AR=>N regi%tere! t&e &ig&e%t percentage increa%e in 16 II/MB Final
pro!ction volme "olloGe! b)
Ta&le 6< Caa/a P!odu.tion in t2e P2ilippine '4 Re$ionIland #!oup
P!odu.tion Volume (MT)
B to RP P!odu.tion
025692.4 *4529.*6
1L 10L
9''*'<6*
88B
6'4<9
'B
7'99<64
'6B
Da/ao Re$ion
6:79<7
B
%OCC%?%AR#EN
9:979<6
*B
CARA#A
87::<9:
B
ARMM
468<9
**B
P2ilippine
'476'8<6*
B
@Hon 'i%a)a% Mindanao am&oan$a Peninula No!t2e!n Mindanao
Source: BAS
ARMM an! Nort&ern Min!anao acconte! "or 90L o" t&e Min!anao pro!ction. ARMM i% t&e top ca%%ava pro!cing region in t&e +&ilippine% "olloGe! b) Nort&ern Min!anao. -&e ot&er region% compri%ing t&e top 2 in term% o" pro!ction volme in *01 Gere Bicol5 (entral 'i%a)a%5 an! >a%tern 'i%a)a%. At t&e provincial level5 t&e top 2 ca%%ava pro!cer% are all province% in Min!anao particlarl) ARMM an! Nort&ern Min!anao. @anao !el r &a! t&e &ig&e%t pro!ction at 20251*. M- "olloGe! b) Bki!non at 95021 M-.
Ta&le 7< Top Caa/a P!odu.e! in t2e P2ilippine '4 Top 6 Re$ion
Top 6 P!o/in.e
Volume (n MT)
B to RP P!odu.t ion
ARMM
46 8<9
**B
No!t2e!n Mindanao
7'99< 64
'6B
Bicol Region
1159. 0
(entral 'i%a)a% >a%tern 'i%a)a%
Re$ion
Volume (n MT)
B to RP P!odu.t ion
Lanao del %u!
66'9< 99
'B
;u5idnon
4:86<
8B
2L
;ailan
'6864'<
B
90569.6
4L
%ulu
8':86<
8B
9051.*6
4L
Miami O!iental
4494'<
7B
Re$ion
Source: BAS
1 II/MB Final
In *015 total lan! area plante! to ca%%ava Ga% *1514*.6*&ectare% an! o" G&ic& 6L Gere in Min!anao. ARMM &a! t&e large%t area plante! to ca%%ava at 9546 &ectare% "olloGe! b) Nort&ern Min!anao at *2516 &ectare%. BetGeen t&e )ear% *009 an! *015 total area plante! to ca%%ava in t&e +&ilippine% increa%e! onl) b) 1L G&ile pro!ction volme greG b) 16L. -&i% implie% t&at increa%e in pro!ction volme Ga% brog&t abot b) increa%e in )iel! rat&er t&an area e?pan%ion G&ic& i% a better %trateg). In Min!anao5 lan! area plante! to ca%%ava increa%e! b) 4L G&ile volme increa%e! b) 1L. National average )iel! in *01 Ga% at 10. M- per &ectare G&ile in Min!anao5 it Ga% at 1.16 M-. #n t&e ot&er &an!5 t&e percentage increa%e in average )iel! betGeen *009 an! *01 Ga% loGer in Min!anao compare! to t&e national average. At t&e regional level5 #((AR=>N &a! t&e &ig&e%t average )iel! at *2.0 M"olloGe! b) Nort&ern Min!anao at *.9 M-. ARMM ranke! t&ir! at 10.6* M-. imilar to ARMM5 t&e t&ree ot&er Min!anao region% &a! average )iel! loGer t&an t&e national average. Among province% in Min!anao5 ot& (otabato &a! t&e &ig&e%t )iel! at .1 M-. -&e %i? province% t&at Gere among t&e -op 10 in bot& volme an! average )iel! are @anao !el r5 Bki!non5 Ba%ilan5 Mi%ami% #riental5 ot& (otabato5 an! @anao !el Norte.
Ta&le 8< Top P!o/in.e in t2e P2ilippine in te!m o1 Volume and +ield '4 Top P!o/in.e, P!odu.tion Volume (MT) P!o/in.e
Top P!o/in.e, A/e!a$e +ield (MT2e.ta!e)
Volume (in MT)
A/e +ield (MT2a)
P!o/in.e
A/e +ield (MT2a )
A!ea Planted (2a)
Lanao del %u!
66':
6<4
%out2 Cota&ato
44<8
''6
;u5idnon
4:86
'*<6:
;u5idnon
'*<6:
76
;ailan
'6864'
*<84
Miami O!iental
'4<97
67
l
1*592
6.
Miami O!iental
4494'
'4<97
Mi% #cci!ental arangani
*.14 *0.02
150 100
-aGi3taGi
92566
2.02
Lanao del No!te
9<96
46
%out2 Cota&ato
8*7''
44<8
Lanao del %u!
6<4
44
Lanao del No!te
'*6::
9<96
;ailan
*<84
8*8:
*15060
.69
ltan !arat
1.
12
19594
9.
(amigin
1*.66
*
Source: BAS
1 II/MB Final
am&oan$a Peninula +ro!ction volme in ?pan%ion in ca%%ava "arming Ga% primaril) triggere! Git& t&e e%tabli%&ment o" t&e BM>= "ee!mill in
A!ea Planted, He.ta!e
':
'
'
A/e!a$e +ield, MT2e.ta!e
''
'4
Annual B #!o0t2 Rate
AM;OAN#A PENIN%ULA
'olme Area +lante!
05416.0 6 509.00
0546.4 1 502*.4
052*.4 0502.* 2*510.1 4 5012.00 6599.00 65499.00
14L
Average 8iel!
4.*9
4.6
4.
4.0
.02
1L
659.0 15629.00 4.10
65126. 156*0.00 .0
25. 1529.00 .*
50.11 1520.00 2.1
1L 34L 6L
1*5061.0 *54.00
1*5*21.* 1*509. *15060.* 0 1 *524.00 *5.00 *59.00
1L
Area +lante!
115116.9 2 *5*4.00
Average 8iel!
4.0
4.9
4.42
4.4
.69
1L
*5.4 449.4
*50*. 40.00
*5*.2 464.00
5600.0 0.00
L 3*L
3*L
am&oan$a del No!te
'olme Area +lante! Average 8iel!
5200.1 15*1.00 4.6
am&oan$a del %u!
'olme
0L
am&oan$a %i&u$a3
'olme Area +lante!
*5694.11 4*.00
19 II/MB Final
Ta&le 9< P!odu.tion T!end in am&oan$a Peninula ': to '4 Volume, Met!i. Ton
A!ea Planted, He.ta!e
A/e!a$e +ield, MT2e.ta!e
':
'
'
''
'4
Annual B #!o0t2 Rate
6.*9
6.1
2.4
6.00
9.4
10L
'olme
95104.69
9511.0
95141.40
95*94.10
*4L
Area +lante!
*5**2.00
*5196.00
*5161.00
*5*1.00
195946. 9 *500.00
Average 8iel!
4.09
4.12
4.*
4.*0
9.
*L
Average 8iel! am&oan$a Cit3
3*L
Source: BAS
No!t2e!n Mindanao From *009 to *015 "arm pro!ctivit) in Nort&ern Min!anao increa%e! b) an average o" *L per )ear. All province% e?cept Mi%ami% #riental regi%tere! an increa%e in )iel! !ring t&e %ame perio!. +ro!ction volme increa%e! "rom 41594*. M- in *009 to 6015*.2 M- in *01. ig&e%t percentage increa%e in pro!ction volme Ga% ob%erve! in Bki!non. Bki!non "armer% generall) con%i!er ca%%ava a% one o" t&eir main %orce% o" income.
Ta&le :< P!odu.tion T!end in No!t2e!n Mindanao ': to '4 Volume, Met!i. Ton
A!ea Planted, He.ta!e
A/e!a$e +ield, MT2e.ta!e
'
'
''
'4
Annual B #!o0t2 Rate
41594*. 159.0 0
415210. 90 *059.0 0
22151**. 21 *452.0 0
225924. *45440.0 0
6015*. 2 *2516.0 0
9L
**.0
**.2*
**.6
**.
*.9
*L
'olme
*405*00. 00
*225*00. 00
0651. 00
1*5000. 00
95021. 00
1L
Area +lante!
1150*0.0 0 *1.0
115210.0 0 **.1
1500.0 0 **.2
1520.0 0 **.69
165120.0 0 *4.29
9L
*59.0* **.00
5.90 *0.00
5*21.0* **.00
5001. *2*.00
5426.0 *.00
4L 0L
': NORTHERN MINDANAO
'olme Area +lante! Average 8iel!
L
;u5idnon
Average 8iel!
L
Cami$uin
'olme Area +lante!
*0 II/MB Final
Ta&le :< P!odu.tion T!end in No!t2e!n Mindanao ': to '4 Volume, Met!i. Ton
A!ea Planted, He.ta!e
A/e!a$e +ield, MT2e.ta!e
':
'
'
''
'4
Annual B #!o0t2 Rate
10.6*
1*.0
11.92
11.91
1*.66
4L
*5900.0 0 1510.00
*4520.0 0 1516.00
*450.0 0 150.00
*4529.9 2 1502.00
L
Area +lante!
*1540.0 0 15*91.00
0.1L
Average 8iel!
16.2
1.*4
1.20
1.6*
1.2
L
Average 8iel! Lanao del No!te
'olme
Miami O..idental
'olme
405.0 0
4*521.0 0
465*. 0
495*6.0 0
4*520.2 0
1L
Area +lante! Average 8iel!
1510.00 **.*9
15.00 **.2*
159.00 *4.42
*504.00 *4.06
150.00 *.14
0.*L 1L
1465214. 00 25920.00
105960. 69 51.00
1695912. 00 5060.00
15*. 00 25610.00
4L
Area +lante!
115109. 2 45240.00
Average 8iel!
*4.91
*4.6*
*.
*4.0
*.6
31L
Miami O!iental
'olme
2L
Source: BAS
Da/ao Re$ion From *009 to *015 ca%%ava pro!ction in ,avao Region greG b) an average o" 1L per )ear. ,avao !el r &a! t&e &ig&e%t pro!ction volme in *01 "olloGe! b) (ompo%tela 'alle). ,avao Region &a! t&e &ig&e%t percentage increa%e in pro!ction !ring t&e la%t 2 )ear%. 8iel! in ,avao Region i% generall) loG. -&e onl) province t&at regi%tere! a %ignicant increa%e in )iel! betGeen *009 an! *01 Ga% ,avao (it). ,avao #riental i% gearing p to become t&e contr)% top ca%%ava pro!cer a"ter (&ina via IR8A' ,evelopment (orporation tappe! t&e province to become one o" t&eir ca%%ava %pplier%. -&e ca%%ava proce%%ing plant ventre i% tie! p Git& t&e =ang?i tate Farm% o" Nanning (it) in =ang?i +rovince5 (&ina. -arget o" t&e (&ine%e compan) i% t&e p&a%e! e%tabli%&ment o" a total o" 5*00 &ectare% o" ca%%ava plantation. -&e mnicipalitie% i!entie! "or t&e ca%%ava plantation% are -arragona5 an I%i!ro5 =overnor =enero%o5 @pon5 Bana)bana) an! Mati (it). In Mati (it)5 t&e (&ine%e rm plan% to %ecre *500 &ectare% "or t&eir ca%%ava plantation G&ile in t&e mnicipalit) o" -arragona5 *5200 &ectare%Q in an I%i!ro5 200 &ectare%Q in =overnor =enero%o5 15200 &ectare%Q in @pon5 200 &ectare%Q in Mana)5 200 &ectare%Q an! in Bana)bana)5 200 &ectare%. -arget )iel! per &ectare i% 20 M-. Accor!ing to t&e +rovincial =overnment5 onl) t&e i!le lan!% Gill be plante! Git& ca%%ava G&ile irrigate! lan!% Gill %olel) be "or rice %o a% not to aKect t&e rice %cienc) program.
*1 II/MB Final
Ta&le < P!odu.tion T!end in Da/ao Re$ion ': to '4 Volume, Met!i. Ton
A!ea Planted, He.ta!e
A/e!a$e +ield, MT2e.ta!e
':
'
'
''
'4
Annual B #!o0t2 Rate
'olme
145990.1
145.4 0
145210. 9
14542. 4
12596.6 1
1L
Area +lante! Average 8iel!
*5*1.20 6.6
*514.00 6.0
*5129.00 6.*
*5106.00 6.6
*512.00 .4
30.4L *L
DAVAO RE#ION
Da/ao del No!te
'olme Area +lante!
*5.2 416.00
*546.0* 410.00
*5911.0 4*0.00
500. 4*9.00
5116.4* 42.00
*L *L
Average 8iel!
6.94
6.94
6.9
.00
6.
30.*L
25**.42
4594.*9
45600.2
4524.2
456.1
3*L
.00 .*1
02.00 .0
62.00 6.*
64.00 .0*
64.00 .16
3*.*L 30.1L
'olme Area +lante!
*5*06.06 20.20
*519.91 40.00
*5*.4 40.00
*5*29.4 .00
*5*96.2 6.00
1L 1L
Average 8iel!
6.*9
6.44
6.
6.9
6.
0.1L
566.61
59*1.
59*.96
560.9*
5626.2
31L
40.00 .01
40.00 .4
42.00 .*
4**.00 .60
410.00 .9*
3*.6L *L
'olme Area +lante!
4.0 *49.00
46.0 *49.00
91.2 *26.00
15012. **.00
*5*61. 01.00
L 4L
Average 8iel!
.40
.40
.2
.
.21
*4L
Da/ao del %u!
'olme Area +lante! Average 8iel! Da/ao O!iental
Compotela Valle3
'olme Area +lante! Average 8iel! Da/ao Cit3
Source: BAS/PSA
%OCC%?%AR#EN From 1519.96 M- in *0095 #((AR=>N% pro!ction increa%e! to 956.12 M- in *01. -&e &ig&e%t percentage increa%e in pro!ction o" L occrre! betGeen *01* an! *01. A big c&nk o" t&e increa%e in volme came "rom ot& (otabato5 G&ic& in *01 acconte! "or L o" t&e pro!ction. -&e %econ! large%t pro!cer o" ca%%ava in t&e region in *01 Ga% Nort& (otabato. -&e province t&og& &a! t&e loGe%t )iel! among all province% in t&e region. oGever5 it% )iel! Ga% %till &ig&er t&an t&e national average. ** II/MB Final
Ta&le < P!odu.tion T!end, in %OCC%?%AR#EN ': to '4 Volume, Met!i. Ton
A!ea Planted, He.ta!e
A/e!a$e +ield, MT2e.ta!e
':
'
'
''
'4
Annual B #!o0t2 Rate
'olme
151.9 6
45222.2
452.9 6
4521.
956.1 2
L
Area +lante! Average 8iel!
154.00 16.6*
1594.00 1.4*
*5110.20 *0.26
*5*14. *1.61
549.40 *2.0
1L 11L
105462.0 0 9.00
105**.2 6 990.00
11500.6 990.00
L
%OCC%?%AR#EN
No!t2 Cota&ato
'olme
950.92
Area +lante!
922.00
10514*. 0 9.00
Average 8iel!
10.*
10.*
10.60
10.9
11.1
*L
15.00
15*0.00
1522.*2
156.20
*501.00
L
99.00 1.01
96.00 1.9*
9.20 1.00
9. 1.0
100.40 *0.02
0L *L
*05690.0 6 2.00
*5206.0 0 1.00
*522.0 0 92*.00
456*1.6 0 *5*20.00
64L
Area +lante!
1520. 0 60.00
Average 8iel!
*6.64
*.12
4.0
4.21
.1
2L
15*.*1
*500*.1
*5629.1
*5406.*
*516*.
L
160.00 11.0
10.00 11.
192.00 1.64
12.00 1.2
12.00 1.
30.4L 4L
1L
%a!an$ani
'olme Area +lante! Average 8iel!
%out2 Cota&ato
'olme
4L
%ultan ?uda!at
'olme Area +lante! Average 8iel! Source: BAS
CARA#A (a%%ava pro!ction in t&e region !ring t&e la%t ve )ear% &a% generall) been on a !eclining tren! e%peciall) in term% o" area plante!. @an! area plante! to ca%%ava !ecrea%e! "rom 561.41 &ectare% in *009 to *560.00 &ectare% or a 6L !ecline. -&e &ig&e%t percentage !ecline in volme Ga% in rigao !el Norte an! rigao !el r. ,ecline in pro!ction volme in rigao !el Norte Ga% primaril) !e to !ecrea%e in lan! area. In rigao !el r5 %ignicant !ecrea%e in volme Ga% brog&t abot b) !ecline in lan! area an! )iel!. Ba%e! on %take&ol!er% accont5 pro!ction o" ca%%ava in (ARA=A Ga% aKecte! b) t&e %erie% o" t)p&oon% in t&e area an! "armer% Gere not able to recover "rom t&e lo%%e%. Anot&er t&ing5 t&e con%oli!ator% in t&e area temporaril) %toppe! t&eir operation%. -&e in!%tr) i% noG looking "orGar! to revitaliHing t&e in!%tr).
* II/MB Final
Ta&le '< P!odu.tion T!end in Ca!a$a ': to '4 Volume, Met!i. Ton
A!ea Planted, He.ta!e
A/e!a$e +ield, MT2e.ta!e
':
'
'
''
'4
Annual B #!o0t2 Rate
'olme
452.9 6
4151*.9 0
*5609. 2
*05100. 1
15699. 9
31L
Area +lante! Average 8iel!
561.41 6.*
656.00 6.16
4544.00 2.*
4502.00 4.9*
*560.00 6.19
31L 30.L
CARA#A
A$uan del No!te
'olme Area +lante!
5461.*0 15160.00
52.96 1506.00
250.*1 920.00
2514. 0.00
45*.1 210.00
310L 311L
Average 8iel!
.*9
.11
6.01
6.69
.4
L
2542.9
2569.90
529.1
59*.*
45*09.66
32L
2*0.00 10.49
24.00 10.41
412.00 .66
4*2.00 .9*
40.00 .
3*L 3L
5401.04
45124.*4
5*62.6
51*1.2*
312L
Area +lante!
1159.9 * 5024.41
*542.00
1549.00
1510.00
240.00
316L
Average 8iel!
.9*
.4*
.0
*.9
2.
9L
'olme
*15996.9 2
195440.0 0
10512.0 9
592.00
65042.00
312L
Area +lante! Average 8iel!
*59.00 .29
*5602.00 .46
1560.00 2.
1560.00 4.49
150.00 4.22
310.L 3L
A$uan del %u!
'olme Area +lante! Average 8iel!
%u!i$ao del No!te
'olme
%u!i$ao del %u!
Source: BAS
ARMM ,ring t&e la%t 2 )ear%5 ARMM pro!ce! an average o" 150165242.20 M- o" ca%%ava per )ear. -&e &ig& pro!ction volme o" ca%%ava in t&e region i% attribte! to tGo "actor%5 namel); i: ca%%ava i% a %taple "oo! crop in l Arc&ipelago an! among M%lim poplation in @anao an! (otabatoQ an! ii: t&e pre%ence o" Matling In!%trial (ommercial (orporation MI((: G&ic& %tarte! ca%%ava pro!ction Ga) back in 1924. ARMM% pro!ction in *01 %lig&tl) increa%e! b) *L over *009 per"ormance. -&i% Ga% brog&t abot primaril) b) t&e increa%e in lan! area plante! to ca%%ava G&ic& greG at an average o" 1L per )ear !ring t&e ve )ear perio!. -&e increa%e in lan! area5 &oGever5 Ga% negate! Git& t&e !ecline in )iel! at t&e average rate o" 0.L per )ear. From *009 to *015 pro!ction volme increa%e! b) an average o" 0.4L per )ear. *4 II/MB Final
Ta&le 4< P!odu.tion T!end in ARMM ': to '4 Volume, Met!i. Ton
A!ea Planted, He.ta!e
A/e!a$e +ield, MT2e.ta!e
':
'
'
''
'4
Annual B #!o0t2 Rate
'olme
1501*50 .46
150056 .1
1500542 .2
1501596 .9
1502510 .1
0.4L
Area +lante!
945091.00
9450*9.00
94511.00
925.00
9546.00
1L
Average 8iel!
10.6
10.
10.0
10.64
10.6*
30.L
'olme
*5*6*. 0
*405120.
*4259*.2 2
*495966.0 0
*252*.0 0
*L
Area +lante!
15**.00
15**4.00
15469.00
1544.00
1549.00
0.L
Average 8iel!
1.
1.94
14.0
14.1
14.
1L
'olme
4945004.0 0
4950.0 0
42544.6
4925.0 0
20251*.
0.2L
Area +lante!
*95**0.00
*95**0.00
*95**0.00
15000.00
5000.00
L
Average 8iel!
16.91
16.90
16.6*
16.00
12.1
3*L
45194.00
45000.00
5*.00
562.00
52.0
3*L
Area +lante!
02.00
12.00
1.00
00.00
42.00
31L
Average 8iel!
2.*1
4.91
2.*0
2.**
2.12
30.*L
'olme
15*2.0 0
1*5209.0 0
1500.0 0
1*5990.0 0
1*592.0 0
31L
Area +lante!
*564.00
*5*6.00
*5*6.00
*5662.00
*5*2.00
30.4L
Average 8iel!
6.40
6.*0
6.*2
6.*2
6.
30.*L
'olme
9524.66
954*.2
95*2.6
96541.9
92566.00
31L
Area +lante!
1599.00
15944.00
159.00
159.00
159.00
30.04L
Average 8iel!
2.19
2.*0
2.19
2.09
2.02
31L
ARMM
;ailan
Lanao del %u!
Ma$uindanao 'olme
%ulu
Ta0i-ta0i
Source: BAS
%e.tion 4, *2 II/MB Final
NATURE AND %TRUCTURE O" THE INDU%TR+ A
Farmer% &ave t&e option o" %elling t&eir &arve%t a% "re%& tber% or a% !rie! c&ip%. Man) o" t&e "armer% pre"er to %ell "re%& tber% eit&er to tra!er% or to t&e cooperative% engage! in c&ip% an! granle pro!ction. arve%ting an! tran%port o" tber% or c&ip% are taken care! b) tra!er% bt Git& co%t% !e!cte! "rom gro%% procee!%. -&e tra!er% an! t&e cooperative% !eliver t&e c&ip% an!/or granle% to a%%embler% or !irectl) to t&e "ee! companie%. Fee! companie% accept bot& c&ip% an! granle% bt t&ere i% a general pre"erence "or granle%. Man) o" t&e tra!er% an! a%%embler% are verticall) integrate! companie% Git& activitie% %panning "rom inpt provi%ion to granle pro!ction an! %ale% to "ee! companie%. Area% Git& c&ip% an! granle pro!ction are Nort&ern Min!anao e%peciall) Mi%ami% #riental5 Bki!non5 an! Mi%ami% #cci!ental:5 ot& (otabato5 *6 II/MB Final
arangani5 ,avao Region5 ?capt "or
-&e %tarc& %ppl) c&ain i% ver) %&ort. tarc& companie% tran%act !irectl) Git& groGer%. Blk o" t&eir %ppl) i% %orce! "rom contract groGer% Git&in t&e province% G&ere t&e plant% are e%tabli%&e! an! neig&boring mnicipalitie%. In!epen!ent "armer% can !eliver !irectl) to t&e companie%. -&e companie% b) "re%& tber% at +&+ * to *.20/ kilo. Matling %orce% "rom =eneral anto% G&en t&e) lack %ppl). B)ing price at =eneral anto% i% at +&+ 4 to 4.20 to be at par Git& t&e price oKere! b) interme!iarie% "or t&e c&ip% an! granle% %b%ector.-&e %tarc& in!%tr) tiliHe% abot *6L o" Min!anao% pro!ction or appro?imatel) 44540 M- o" ca%%ava tber% in *01.
"!e2 Tu&e! 1o! t2e @et Ma!5et For ca%%ava "armer% in area% Git& noproce%%ing "acilitie%5 %tarc& "actorie%5 MFI /BM>= b)ing %tation%5 an! "ee!mill%5 t&e Get market an! bag%akan are t&eir ke) market%. Fre%& tber% are %ol! eit&er !irectl) to t&e ven!or% or to G&ole%aler%. In * II/MB Final
area% like Nort&ern Min!anao an! ot& (otabato5 "armer% %ell to t&e Get market G&en t&e) &ave %rpl% pro!ction or G&en in nee! o" imme!iate ca%&. +rice pai! b) ven!or% i% generall) &ig&er t&an in%tittional b)er%. oGever5 ab%orption capacit) i% %maller compare! to in!%trial proce%%or%. Main b)er% o" "re%& tber% are M%lim &o%e&ol!% an! t&o%e engage! in t&e pro!ction o" ca%%ava ba%e! !elicacie%. Abot 11L o" Min!anao% pro!ction i% %ol! in t&e Get market% or an e%timate! o" 1905246 M- in *01. "i$u!e 6< Value C2ain Map o1 Caa/a Tu&e! 1o! @et Ma!5et in Mindanao
Caa/a #!ate .ommunitie
and
Lo.al
Deli.a.ie
mainl3
1o!
Mulim
In t&i% c&ain5 ca%%ava i% proce%%e! into tra!itional "oo! pro!ct% at &o%e&ol! an! micro proce%%ing center%. +roce%%ing i% %all) carrie! ot b) "armer% t&em%elve% o" b) micro enterpri%e% in make%&i"t cooking area%. For proce%%or% Git&ot t&eir oGn %ppl) o" tber%5 t&e) can b) "rom "armer%5 tra!er%5 an! "rom ven!or% in Get market%. -ra!er% in t&i% c&ain b) "re%& tber%5 grate%5 an! !elicacie%. =rate% an! t&e ca%%ava !elicacie% are %all) %ol! in Get market% or in neig&bor&oo! %tore%/%tall%. ome enterpri%ing Filipino% %ell %mall Oantitie% o" ca%%ava grate% an! !elicacie% to -a%og% in aba& an! Mala)%ia. It i% e%timate! t&at abot 0L o" Min!anao% ca%%ava pro!ction abot 2495410 M-: i% tiliHe! in t&e man"actre o" grate% an! local !elicacie%. Abot 2L o" t&e ca%%ava %ppl) came "rom ARMM an! tiliHe! Git&in t&e province%.-&e c&ain
* II/MB Final
i% ver) !ominant in ARMM province%.
"i$u!e 7< Value C2ain Map o1 Caa/a #!ate and Deli.a.ie in Mindanao
Inter3regional tra!e o" ca%%ava pro!ct% i% minimal given t&e peri%&abilit) o" pro!ct% an! blkine%% o" tber%. -&e !eci%ion to tra!e ot%i!e t&e region i% borne ot o" ea%e an! co%t o" tran%portation. -ra!er% an! pro!cer% o" c&ip% in = "ee!mill in
*9 II/MB Final
"i$u!e 8< "lo0 o1 Caa/a P!odu.t in Mindanao
;< ?E+ PLA+ER% AND "UNCTION% < Input P!o/iion Farmer% acOire planting material% "rom t&eir oGn "arm% "rom previo% cropping or t&e) b) "rom ot&er ca%%ava groGer% engage! in %elling o" planting material%. A &ectare o" lan! !evote! to groGing o" planting material% can provi!e %talk% %cient "or at lea%t &ectare%. -&e planting material% are %ol! b) %ack Git& price ranging "rom +&+ 60 to 100/%ack. -&e price variation% %eem to be location %pecic. -&e practice o" b)ing planting material% i% more prevalent in ot& (otabato compare! to ot&er ca%%ava pro!cing region%. -&e more !ominant practice among "armer% i% to %elect t&e be%t %talk% "rom t&eir oGn "arm. Man) o" t&e "armer% "olloGing t&i% practice relate! t&at t&e) &a! !eclining )iel! e%peciall) a"ter t&ree con%ective )ear% o" rec)clingS planting material%. 0 II/MB Final
tarc& companie% generall) provi!e planting material% to t&eir otgroGer%. -ate& &a% %et3p a nr%er) in t&eir plant in Bki!non to cater to t&e nee!% o" t&eir %pplier%. MFI/BM>= provi!e%a!vice an! recommen!ation% on variet) %election an! in %ome ca%e% provi!e planting material% to t&eir a%%embler%. From t&e intervieG% an! F=,%5 it Gol! appear t&at t&ere i% a lack o" eKective !eman! "or nr%er) pro!ce! planting material% primaril) beca%e man) o" t&e "armer% are not aGare o" t&e implication% o" %ing %talk% "rom oGn "arm. -&e) are onl) able to acOire neG planting material% G&en government provi!e% "ree planting material% or G&en t&e) participate in groGer%&ip program via t&eir cooperative%. In man) ca%e% t&og&5 t&e local government nit% !o not &ave %cient "n!% to provi!e planting material% to all "armer% an! "or an innite perio!. A concern rai%e! b) "armer% G&o are b)ing planting material% i% t&e lack o" in"ormation on %orce% o" planting material% an! area% Git& %rpl% pro!ction. Anot&er concern rai%e! b) "armer% i% t&e !icltie% in %orcing planting material% o" &ig& )iel!ing varietie% ot&er t&an t&e 7 205 @akan 15 an! Ra)ong 2.
Ta&le*< Plantin$ Mate!ial Commonl3 A/aila&le in Mindanao Va!iet3
A/e!a$e +ield (TonHe.ta!e)
De.!iption
7+@ (v3* or @akan 1
46
All3prpo%e variet)Q )elloG Je%& an! cream corte?Q !r) matter5 43 42LQ %tarc&5 *23LQ el! re%i%tance to lea" %pot an! bacterial blig&t
@7 (v312 or Ra)ong 2
40
All3prpo%e variet)Q G&ite Je%& an! pink corte?Q !r) matter5 405.1LQ %tarc&5 *9.4LQ el! re%i%tance to %pi!er mite%5 G&ite peac& %cale in%ect%5 an! bacterial blig&t =ol!en 8elloG 0 Mo%t commonl) available mlti3prpo%e variet)Q !r) matter5 40L NI( (v ** or 7 3 20 2* In!%trial non3e!ible: variet)Q ,A% national c&eck variet)Q !r) matter5 9.1L orce%; Bioet&anol Deb%ite/8iel!% a% per e?perience in ot& (otabato #t&er problem% rai%e! b) "armer% Git& regar!% to procrement o" planting material% are; a: incon%i%tent Oalit) %c& a% %ale o" immatre %talk% le%% t&an mont&% ol!:Q b: %ppl) i% limite! e%peciall) !ring peak planting %ea%onQ c: %orce% not rea!il) acce%%ible an! &ig& co%t o" tran%porting planting material% %ince t&e%e are blk)Q an! !: no %tan!ar! pricing. #n t&e ot&er &an!5 t&ere are onl) a "eG ca%%ava groGer%/nr%er) operator% G&o &ave t&e abilit) to rapi!l) ma%% propagate t&e &ig& )iel!ing varietie%. Anot&er con%i!eration i% t&e co%t in 1 II/MB Final
tran%porting t&e material% G&ic& can be at time% &ig&er t&an t&e co%t o" t&e ctting%/%talk. (&emical "ertiliHer i% %orce! "rom agri3vet %pplier%. -&ere are al%o %pplier% o" organic "ertiliHer %c& a% t&e vermica%t bt accor!ing to ke) in"ormant% t&e%e are more o" %oil con!itioner% an! are not certie!. @ikeGi%e5 t&e available %ppl) o" organic "ertiliHer i% not clo%el) aligne! to reOirement% "or ca%%ava. Farmer% G&o %e "ertiliHer onl) ver) "eG: are generall) %ing t&e c&emical "ertiliHer. FertiliHer% accont "or abot *0L to 0L o" total co%t o" pro!ction.-&e &ig& price% o" c&emical inpt% make it almo%t impo%%ible "or "armer% to acce%% "ertiliHer%. In %ome ca%e%5 tra!er% or a%%embler% e?ten! loan or provi!e t&e "ertiliHer to t&eir reglar "armer3%pplier. In t&e %&ort term5 t&i% &elp% t&e "armer to nance inpt reOirement% bt5 o"tentime%5 it al%o bin!% t&e "armer to !i%conte! price% an!/or &ig& intere%t rate%. A %t!) con!cte! b) t&e +&ilippine In%titte o" ,evelopment t!ie% +I,: reveale! t&at "ertiliHer price% are &ig&e%t in ARMM. -&i% Ga% attribte! to marketing ineciencie% an! poor roa! in"ra%trctre.
'< "a!min$ "i$u!e 9< Ho!i>ontal Met2od o1 Plantin$ Caa/a in %ulu
(a%%ava can be plante! a% a %ole crop in monocltre %)%tem or intercroppe! Git& ot&er crop%. Intercropping !ring earl) crop !evelopment i% t&e common * II/MB Final
practice among "armer% in Min!anao. In Bki!non t&og&5 ma$orit) o" t&e "armer% appear to plant ca%%ava in monocltre %)%tem. 8iel!% in man) area% in Min!anao a% %een in t&e previo% %ection5 &ave ri%en mc& le%% over t&e la%t ve )ear%. Factor% t&at &ave contribte! to t&e relativel) %loG groGt& in pro!ctivit) incl!e occrrence o" pe%t%5 !i%ea%e%5 a loG application o" inpt%5 t&e relativel) %loG !i%%emination o" improve! ca%%ava varietie%5 an! poor "arming practice%. @oG ca%%ava )iel!% relative to t&eir potential1 al%o reJect t&e inJence o" %b%i%tence pro!ction %)%tem%5 -&e "olloGing are t&e ke) operation% an! t)pical practice% o" "armer% in Min!anao. Land P!epa!ation
(a%%ava nee!% a %cientl) loo%e3te?tre! %oil to "acilitate initial root penetration an! to alloG "or root t&ickening. It i% al%o %%ceptible to Gee! competition5 e?ce%%ive %oil moi%tre an! root rot. A% %c&5 it i% nece%%ar) t&at %take% are plante! in %oil t&at &a% been loo%ene! an! cleare! o" Gee!%. @an! i% prepare! "or ca%%ava at !iKerent inten%itie%. Ma$orit) practice t&e conventional tillage %ing t&e tractor. -&ere are %till a "eG t&og& G&o %e% t&e carabao or bot& tractor an! carabao. (ontino% conventional tillage ma) potentiall) br) t&e %oil% protective cover5 kill %oil biota5 ca%e t&e rapi! !ecompo%ition o" organic matter5 an! !egra!e %oil %trctre b) plveriHing %oil aggregate%. It i% al%o one o" t&e &ig& energ) !eman!ing activitie% in ca%%ava "arming. @ikeGi%e5 rental o" tractor% i% co%tl) "or man) o" t&e %mall&ol!er%. A% %c&5 %ome "armer% combine bot& conventional an! con%ervation tillage. In %t!ie% con!cte! b) 'illama)or 19: an! +ar!ale% 196:5 lan! preparation i% one o" t&e "actor% t&at %ignicantl) aKect t&e )iel! o" ca%%ava. Accor!ing to t&e%e %t!ie%5 t&e conventional met&o!5 con%i%ting o" &arroGing ploGing3 &arroGing3an! making "rroG% gave t&e &ig&e%t percentage germination an! )iel!. ,e to re%orce con%traint%5 %mall&ol!er% o"ten opt "or %&ortct%S an! t&e minimm reOirement% to %ave on co%t%. @ikeGi%e5 !ring t&e rice an! corn planting %ea%on5 ca%%ava "armer% n! it !iclt to rent a tractor. Recent %t!ie% t&og& &ave %&oGn t&at tilling can be minimiHe! provi!e! t&at t&e %oil i% &ealt&)5 Gell3%trctre! an! "ree o" compaction ,erp%c&5 R.5 et. al5 *010.: >?perience% o" "armer% in ot& (otabato attempting to %&i"t toGar!% an organic "arming %)%tem or %impl) to %ave on lan! preparation co%t% al%o %pport t&e n!ing% t&at inten%it) o" tillage can be re!ce! t&rog& practice% t&at improve organic matter content an! %oil %trctre. In area% G&ere "armer% plant ca%%ava contino%l) in t&e %ame el! )ear a"ter )ear5 &ig& level% o" pe%t an! !i%ea%e inci!ence an! re!ce! )iel! &ave been ob%erve!. In Banga3ot& (otabato5 "armer% rotate t&e planting o" corn an! ca%%ava. A rotation %)%tem generall) improve% %oil "ertilit)5 re!ce% %oil ero%ion5 &elp% to control !i%ea%e% an! pe%t%5 an! increa%e% net income per nit area o" lan!. Plantin$
-&e %e o" Oalit) planting5 !i%ea%e "ree planting material% o" &ig& )iel!ing varietie% i% crcial in ca%%ava pro!ction. Dit& vegetativel) propagate! crop%5 !i%ea%e% an! pe%t% can bil! p over %everal generation% o" propagation5 a problem t&at i% negligible Git& botanic %ee!%. (rrent practice% involve t&e %e II/MB Final
o" ctting%/%talk% gat&ere! "rom oGn "arm or bog&t "rom groGer% G&o are al%o into propagation o" ca%%ava %talk%. Farmer% generall) pre"er to %e planting material% "rom oGn "arm% !e primaril) to co%t con%i!eration%. -&e tran%portation co%t% involve! in moving ca%%ava planting material "rom %orce to "arm are &ig& relative to it% ba%e co%t5 &enceQ ca%%ava planting material i% mltiplie! more o"ten at t&e "arm level. -&e practice% o" %ing %talk% "rom oGn "arm can make t&e crop% vlnerable to pe%t% an! !i%ea%e%. @ikeGi%e5 t&i% ma) re%lt to !eclining )iel!%. Calit) a%%rance %)%tem "or planting material% i% not )et Gell3e%tabli%&e!. @ikeGi%e5 t&ere i% a lack o" an eKective %)%tem "or rapi! mltiplication an! !i%tribtion o" neG varietie% Git& &ig& )iel! potential5 &ig& &arve%t in!e?5 an! &ig& root %tarc& content G&ic& i% e%%ential "or %%tainable inten%ication o" ca%%ava pro!ction in Min!anao. In man) area% in Min!anao5 ca%%ava i% primaril) a rain"e! crop Git& ma$orit) groGn b) %mall&ol!er%. Alt&og& "armer% are ver) knoGle!geable on t&e tec&nical a%pect% o" ca%%ava "arming5 man) %till lack t&e %cientic knoG3&oG an! rationale. 8iel!% "rom rain"e! ca%%ava pro!ction5 "or e?ample5 can "rt&er be optimiHe! i" "armer% pa) care"l attention to planting !ate%5 t&e %election o" planting met&o!% an! planting po%ition% t&at make t&e mo%t o" available %oil moi%tre5 an! %oil management practice% t&at &elp to con%erve Gater.
@eedin$
(a%%ava reOire% eKective Gee! control e%peciall) !ring t&e e%tabli%&ment p&a%e o" t&e crop "or optimm )iel!%. Dee! competition i% a ma$or con%traint to )iel!% Fermont et al5 *010:. Dee!% are o"ten a more %erio% pro!ction con%traint t&an pe%t% or !i%ea%e% an! can re!ce )iel!% %ignicantl). 7ncontrolle! Gee! groGt& can re%lt in almo%t total )iel! lo%% (&eG et al.5 *01*:. oGever5 a% gat&ere! !ring t&e II5 onl) a %mall percentage o" %mall&ol!er% %e t&e rig&t Oantit) o" &erbici!e% !e to lack o" appreciation o" t&e benet% an!/or lack o" nancial re%orce%. Ma$orit) rel) on manal Gee!ing Git& occa%ional %e o" &erbici!e% Ba%e! on t&e e?perience% o" "armer% intervieGe!5 Gee! competition can al%o be re!ce! b) earl) an! a!eOate application o" "ertiliHer to %pee! p canop) clo%re an! intercropping5 "e!tili>e! Mana$ement and Appli.ation
D&ile ca%%ava groG% better t&an mo%t crop% on marginaliHe! lan!5 t&i% !oe% not mean t&at t&e crop !oe% not nee!5 or !oe% not re%pon! to5 "ertiliHer application. @ike mo%t ot&er crop%5 ca%%ava groG% an! )iel!% better on more "ertile %oil% an! re%pon!% Gell to "ertiliHer application% G&en groGn in poor %oil%. Farmer% appl) "ertiliHer bt not nece%%aril) in t&e a!eOate amont% or in t&e rig&t proportion o" N5 +5 an! e%peciall) among %mall&ol!er%. Application o" "ertiliHer i% o" var)ing inten%itie% !etermine! mainl) b) t&eir acce%% to re%orce% an! not nece%%ar) relate! to )iel! con%i!eration% "or man) %mall "armer%Q t&e %e o" "ertiliHer% Gill aKect co%t% %ignicantl). Ba%e! on !ata gat&ere! !ring t&e II an! F=,%5 ca%%ava generate% marginal income G&en %ing loG inpt% bt income retrn%: can more t&an !oble Git& t&e %e o" "ertiliHer%.
4 II/MB Final
Ma$orit) %e c&emical "ertiliHer. An emerging goo! practice t&at %ome "armer% in Min!anao are !oing i% t&e application o" organic "ertiliHer. >?perience% o" t&e%e "armer%5 a% %&are! !ring t&e F=,5 in!icate t&at %e o" organic "ertiliHer can potentiall) lea! to L increa%e in )iel!. @ikeGi%e5 "armer% reconte! t&at b) %ing organic "ertiliHer5 t&e) are able to incrementall) re!ce t&e %e o" %)nt&etic "ertiliHer in %b%eOent cropping%. FertiliHer co%t% are among t&e ma$or e?pen%e% in ca%%ava "arming. -o re!ce economicall) Ga%te"l an! environmentall) &arm"l lo%%e% o" "ertiliHer ntrient%5 "armer% %&ol! %eek to ma?imiHe "ertiliHer %e ecienc) %tarting Git& inve%tment in %oil anal)%i%. oil anal)%i% i% not generall) ma!e %e o" a% a gi!e to "ertiliHer management an! application. MFI %pplier% an! a%%embler% are noG reOire! to %bmit a %oil anal)%i%. Ha!/etin$
-o get ma?imm retrn5 ca%%ava m%t be &arve%te! at t&e rig&t age 10 mont&% an! above:. I" &arve%te! earlier a% man) o" t&e %mall&ol!er% !o5 !r) matter content ten! to be loG re%lting to price !i%cont% in a!!ition to overall l oG )iel!. A common practice among "armer% in ARMM i% not to &arve%t all ca%%ava root% at one time. In%tea!5 &arve%ting i% !one on %taggere! ba%i%5 !epen!ing on &o%e&ol! reOirement% or on marketing %c&e!le. (are m%t al%o be taken t&at t&ere are no bri%e% or ct% in t&e tber%. Don!% an! bri%e% are t&e trigger% o" primar) !eterioration. Don!% an! bri%e% al%o con%titte point% o" entr) "or micro3organi%m% lea!ing to t&e %econ! %tage o" ca%%ava root %poilage. +oor &an!ling !ring &arve%ting an! tran%port are among t&e ke) "actor% contribting to po%t&arve%t lo%%e%. arve%ting i% t&e mo%t e?pen%ive operation in ca%%ava pro!ction. @abor an! &aling co%t% are %all) %&ol!ere! b) t&e tra!er%/a%%embler%. A%i!e "rom t&e "act t&at man) o" t&e "armer% are nanciall) con%traine!5 it i% to bot& t&e intere%t o" t&e "armer% an! tra!er% to &ave t&e tber% !elivere! imme!iatel) to t&e proce%%ing plant to en%re pro!ct Oalit). -&e rapi! po%t3&arve%t p&)%iological !eterioration ++,: o" ca%%ava Git&in 34 !a)% ca%e% %b%tantial Oantitative an! Oalitative po%t3&arve%t lo%%e%. Bri%e% an! ct% inJicte! !ring &arve%ting contribte to Oalit) !eterioration. +ro?imit) o" t&e c&ipping an! granle pro!ction plant to t&e "arm% i% al%o a vital con%i!eration. In a!!ition to Oalit) con%i!eration%5 t&e blkine%% o" "re%& ca%%ava can ca%e tran%portation co%t% to be a large %&are o" t&e nal price. -o !i%tance "rom t&e "arm to t&e plant can make a !iKerence betGeen prot an! lo%%. #ne o" t&e con%traint% "ace! b) "armer% in ca%%ava "arming i% t&e relativel) long pro!ction c)cle compare! to ot&er crop% t&at can be &arve%te! an! %ol! Git&in a perio! o" to 4 mont&%. @ikeGi%e5 in man) area%5 "armer% %all) plant ca%%ava all at t&e %ame time t&% proce%%ing plant% c&ipping an! granlation: are generall) n!ertiliHe! at certain time% o" t&e )ear. -o a!!re%% "armer% an! proce%%or% problem5
2 II/MB Final
-&e rral roa! %)%tem in %ome o" t&e ca%%ava pro!cing area% i% ina!eOate an! in poor %tate o" repair% reOiring re&abilitation. ome o" ca%%ava groGing area% are not acce%%ible b) motor ve&icle. -&i% make% it !iclt "or "armer% to bring t&eir pro!ce to t&e market or "or tra!er% to pick p t&e "re%& tber%. ,ela)% in proce%%ing %ignicantl) contribte to Oalit) !eterioration.
4< C2ip and #!anule P!odu.tion >ntr) o" "ee!mill companie% in Min!anao provi!e! incentive% "or "armer% to e?pan! into pro!ction o" !rie! ca%%ava c&ip%. (a%%ava i% a tbero% root t&at contain% 60L to 0L moi%tre an! &a% a %&el" li"e o" * to !a)%. #nce &arve%te!5 it &a% to be eit&er con%me! imme!iatel) or proce%%e! into more %table pro!ct "orm%. +roce%%ing al%o remove% natrall)3occrring to?in%5 re!ce% t&e pro!ct% Geig&t "or tran%port5 !ecrea%e% po%t3&arve%t lo%%e% re%lting "rom root breakage5 an! e?ten!% %&el" li"e FA# IFA,5 *000:. B) proce%%ing t&e root% into !rie! c&ip%5 t&e problem% o" blk an! peri%&abilit) can be overcome. A %table pro!ct in t&e "orm o" c&ip% i% reac&e! G&en moi%tre content "all% 14L an! beloG. (&ip% an! granle% pro!ction i% carrie! ot b) t&e "olloGing pla)er% in t&e c&ain; a: Farmer%; Farmer% engage! in c&ip proce%%ing are primaril) member% o" cooperative% an! t&o%e Git& more t&an 1 &ectare o" ca%%ava "arm. Man) o" t&e "armer% pre"er to %ell "re%& tber% !e to labor an! tran%port co%t con%i!eration% an! limite! acce%% to "acilitie% knive%5 c&ipper5 !r)er:. (&ipping i% carrie! ot manall) %ing a kni"e or b) %ing t&e mec&anical c&ipper o" t&e cooperative "or a "ee o" +&+ 0.10 per kilo "or cooperative member%: an! +&+ 0.12 "or non3member%:. -&e rental "ee incl!e% "el. @abor co%t i% %&ol!ere! b) t&e "armer. ,r)ing i% !one %ing a %olar !r)er or %prea! ot in mat% an! concrete pavement%. @abor co%t "or manal c&ipping i% at +&+ 10 to 1*/%ack abot 20 to 60 kilo% o" "re%& tber%:. #n t&e average5 a c&ipperS earn% +&+ *40 to 00 per !a) !ring peak %ea%on. Accor!ing to "armer%5 recover) "rom manal c&ipping i% &ig&er b) L compare! to mec&anical c&ipping. b: (ooperative%; (ooperative% b) "re%& tber% an! c&ip% "rom "armer% member% an! non3member%: a% Gell a% provi!e "armer3member% Git& ca%& a!vance% "or "ertiliHer5 labor5 an! planting material%. In ca%e% G&ere "armer% !eliver "re%& tber%5 t&e cooperative !oe% t&e c&ipping an! !r)ing. -&e !rie! ca%%ava c&ip% are eit&er "rt&er proce%%e! into granle% or %ol! a% c&ip% to a%%embler%. In ot& (otabato5 "armer% can rent t&e c&ipping "acilit) o" t&e cooperative%. c: -ra!er%/A%%embler%; In a!!ition to t&eir tra!ing man) o" t&e tra!er% an! a%%embler% are al%o granlation. A%%embler% in Nort&ern Min!anao n!ertake t&e granlation t&em%elve% to en%re MFI reOirement%.
an! !i%tribtion "nction%5 engage! in c&ipping an! pre"er to b) c&ip% an! Oalit) an! compliance to
6 II/MB Final
-&e pro!ction o" !rie! c&ip% involve% %everal operation%5 namel); a: Ga%&ing o" c&ip% to remove %oil an! ot&er "oreign matter%Q b: %iHe re!ction o" root% or c&ipping Git& t&e %e o" a kni"e or a mec&anical c&ipper to %&orten t&e !r)ing time an! en%re ecient elimination o" c)ani!e pre%ent in "re%& root%Q c: %olar !r)ing o" c&ip% to re!ce moi%tre content to 14L an! "rt&er eliminate c)ani!e contentQ an! !: granlation. BeloG i% t&e !e%cription o" t&e ke) operation% an! crrent practice% among ca%%ava proce%%or% in Min!anao. @a2in$Cleanin$ o1 Tu&e!
(leaning i% %all) !one b) Ga%&ing t&e tber%. -&e ot&er option i% to air !r) t&e tber% "or * to !a)%. In Bki!non an! ot& (otabato5 a general practice among "armer% i% to air !r) t&e tber% prior to c&ipping rat&er t&an Ga%&ing %ince Gater acce%% i% %ometime% al%o a con%traint an! con%titte% a!!itional co%t. -&ere are t&og& a nmber c&ip% are inten!e! "or "ee!% an! not "or &man con%mption. Nevert&ele%%5 "ee!% con%me! b) live%tock Gol! in!irectl) al%o aKect t&e general Gell3being o" bot& animal% an! con%mer%. @ikeGi%e5 proce%%ing o" "re%& root% t&at &ave !irt attac&e! to t&em Gill re%lt to poor Oalit) !rie! c&ip% beca%e o" t&e &ig& a%& content5 e%peciall) %ilica. C2ippin$
Root% are c&oppe! to increa%e t&e %r"ace area t&at i% e?po%e! to t&e air to make t&e !r)ing "a%ter. (tting t&e root% al%o relea%e% t&e c)ani!e an! &elp% to re!ce c)ani!e level%. (&ipping i% !one eit&er manall) Git& a kni"e or Git& mec&anical c&ipping eOipment. Accor!ing to proce%%or%5 manal c&ipping re%lt% to a &ig&er recover) bt it i% time con%ming. Man) "armer% Git& no acce%% to mec&anical c&ipper pre"er to %ell "re%& tber%. n ,r)ing o" (a%%ava (&ip% Re!cing moi%tre to a point G&ere all p&)%iological reaction% an! microbial groGt& are in&ibite! can tremen!o%l) increa%e t&e %&ort %&el"3li"e o" ca%%ava tber%. In ca%%ava5 t&i% point i% at 1*L to 14L moi%tre content5 corre%pon!ing to a Gater activit) o" abot 0.0. -&i% involve% tGo ba%ic operation%; a: %prea!ing o" c&ip% in t&e !r)ing areaQ an! b: trning t&e c&ip% at reglar interval ever) tGo &or%: ntil t&e%e are completel) !r). ,r)ing o" c&ip% in Min!anao i% completel) !one b) %n !r)ing. In area% G&ere t&ere are no "acilitie% "or !r)ing5 t&e c&ip% are !rie! in concrete pavement% or on t&e gron!. #t&er% tiliHe t&e !r)ing "acilitie% "or corn an! rice5 G&enever available. #ne cooperative in ot& (otabato &a% a mec&anical !r)er bt %e &a% been !i%contine! %ince c&ip% trne! gel like or gelatino%. "i$u!e :< T3pi.al @a3 t2at "a!me! D!3 t2e C2ip and Tu&e!
II/MB Final
I!eall)5 "or eac& %Oare meter o" Joor area5 onl) 10 1* kilogram% o" c&ip% %&ol! be %prea!. ,ring a %nn) !a)5 t&e%e c&ip% %&ol! !r) in tGo !a)%. oGever5 Git& t&e lack o" !r)ing "acilitie% e%peciall) !ring t&e peak %ea%on5 t&i% i% not %trictl) "olloGe!. @arger Oantitie% per %Oare meter !ela) t&e !r)ing proce%% re%lting in lo%% ecienc) "or t&e enterpri%e. Calit) o" t&e c&ip% e.g. %tarc& content5 G&ite color: i% &ig&er i" t&e !r)ing time i% %&ort. @ikeGi%e5 !ring t&e Get %ea%on5 !r)ing become% a problem. Interrpte! !r)ing aKect% t&e Oalit) o" t&e ni%&e! c&ip%. imilarl)5 %prea!ing c&ip% into t&e gron! increa%e% potential "or t&e%e to be cr%&e!/Galke! over an! to be contaminate! Git& !irt an! ot&er "oreign matter%. Tetin$ 1o! Moitu!e Content
-&i% i% !one b) vi%al in%pection5 &an! cr%&ing te%t5 an! GritingS te%t%. I!eall)5 t&i% %&ol! be !one Git& a moi%tre content te%ter to get a more accrate mea%rement o" moi%tre content. Alt&og& t&e Griting an! cr%&ing te%t% are &elp"l in !etermining G&et&er c&ip% are !r)5 it !oe% not in!icate t&e actal moi%tre content. A% %c&5 proce%%or% are almo%t alGa)% in !i%belie" G&en t&e) are in"orme! b) t&e "ee!mill companie% t&at t&e moi%tre content o" t&e granle% or c&ip% !oe% not con"orm to %tan!ar!%. Pa.5in$ and @ei$2in$
I" granlation i% not !one imme!iatel)5 c&ip% are packe! in %ack% %all) 40 to 20 kilogram content:. II/MB Final
A critical point in t&e packing o" c&ip% i% to en%re t&e %e o" clean %ack% Git&ot &ole% an! rip% to avoi! Ga%tage an! pe%t in"e%tation. #!anulation
Fee! companie% generall) pre"er to b) ca%%ava in granlate! "orm. =ranlation involve% t&e proce%%ing o" ca%%ava into to 1* mm in !iameter "ormat%. -o be co%t eKective5 granlating %&ol! onl) be !one G&en t&ere i% %cient volme o" c&ip% vi%3P3vi% proce%%ing capacit) o" granlator. For a plant to pro!ce contino%l)5 t&i% implie% t&at it %&ol! &ave %cient %tock o" c&ip% G&ole )ear ron!. torage D&en %torage con!ition% are optimal5 t&e c&ip% t&at &ave been !rie! a!eOatel) 1* 14L moi%tre content: can be %tore! "or 6 to 1* mont&% Git&ot !eteriorating in Oalit). -&e mo%t critical point !ring %torage i% to prevent moi%tre bil!3p an! pe%t in"e%tation% G&ic& are ke) ca%e% "or "ngi groGt& an! pro!ction o" to?in%. A% %c&5 Gare&o%e %&ol! be clean5 &ave goo! ventilation5 an! loG &mi!it). -&e %ack% o" granle% %&ol! be place! in elevate! plat"orm or Goo!en pallet% to increa%e t&e JoG o" air. "i$u!e < T3pi.al %to!a$e A!ea o1 Caa/a C2ip and #!anule in Mindanao
9 II/MB Final
(a%%ava i% bot& peri%&able an! blk). -o -o avoi! lo%%e% "rom root !eterioration an! to minimi minimiHe He tran%p tran%port ort co%t%5 co%t%5 ca%%av ca%%ava a proce proce%%i %%ing ng %&ol! %&ol! occr occr clo%e clo%e to t&e t&e pro!ction area%. -o t&e e?tent po%%ible5 "re%& "re%& root% %&ol! be proce%%e! 1 to !a)% a"ter &arve%t. Mobile mec&anical c&ipping nit% can potentiall) a!!re%% a!!re%% t&e tran%portation c&allenge% encontere! b) "armer% in moving "re%& tber% "rom t&eir "arm to t&e plant. +eele! ca%%ava granle% comman! a &ig&er price t&an npeele! granle%. -&e ca%% ca%%av ava a in! in!%t %tr) r) in ot ot& & (ota (otaba bato to i% not not able able to tak take a!va a!vant ntag age e o" t&i% t&i% opport opportni nit) t) beca%e beca%e t&ere t&ere are are no mec&anic mec&anical al peeler peeler% % in t&e area. area. Manal Manal peeling i% labor inten%ive5 ar!o% in natre5 time con%ming an! n%itable "or ma%% pro!ction. (&ip%/granle recover) rate i% !epen!ent on variet)5 matrit) o" t&e tber% at t&e time o" &arve%t5 &arve%t5 an! t&e !r)ing !r)ing o" ca%%ava c&ip%. c&ip%. #ptimm #ptimm recover) recover) i% at 4L. @ikeGi%e5 @ikeGi%e5 recover) recover) rate %&ol! not be le%% t&an 40L. Accor!ing to ca%%ava ca%%ava c&ip% proce%%or% an! granlator% !ring t&e F=,5 t&eir recover) rate range% betG betGee een n 40L 40L to 4*L. 4*L. oGe oGeve ver5 r5 proc proce% e%%o %or% r% "reO "reOe ent ntl) l) %Ke %Kerr "rom "rom pric price e !i%co !i%cont% nt% !e to Oalit Oalit) ) probl problem% em% e%pec e%pecial iall) l) Git& Git& regar regar!% !% to t&e moi%t moi%tre re content. content. Man) o" t&e Oalit) Oalit) problem% problem% can be trace! trace! to non3con"orm non3con"ormance ance to =oo! Man"actring +ractice% an! con%traint% relate! to !r)ing o" ca%%ava c&ip% e%pec e%pecial iall) l) !ring !ring t&e rain) rain) %ea%on. %ea%on. -&e ke) ke) proce proce%% %%ing ing i%%e% i%%e% t&at t&at lea! lea! to Oalit) problem% an! ineciencie% are t&e "olloGing; a: (a%%ava (a%%ava root %&ape %&ape varie% among among cltivar%. cltivar%. Root% Root% Git& irreglar irreglar %&ape% %&ape% are !iclt to &arve%t an! peel b) &an!5 re%lting in great lo%%e% o" %able root material%. Root %iHe al%o varie% Git& cltivar% alt&og& it !epen!% more on enviro environme nmenta ntall "actor "actor% % %c& %c& a% %oil. %oil. malle mallerr root% root% reOi reOire re more more labor labor "or peeling. 'arietal !iKerence% in !r) matter content an! in %tarc& content an! Oalit) inJence t&e otpt an! Oalit) o" t&e proce%%e! pro!ct%. b: -&ickne%% -&ickne%% o" o" c&ip% i% above above or or beloG VS. VS. (&ip% t&at t&at are are t&icker t&icker t&an 0.*2 0.*2 inc& t&ick !e%tro) t&e %creen on t&e granlator G&ile c&ip% le%% t&an 0.*2 inc& t&ick generall) en! p a% poG!er/!%t G&ic& i% con%i!ere! Ga%te. c: ,r)ing ,r)ing o" ca%%ava ca%%ava c&ip% !ring !ring t&e rain) rain) %ea%on %ea%on &a% alGa)% alGa)% been been a c&allenge c&allenge "or proce%%or%. proce%%or%. -o !ate5 proce%%or% rel) on %olar !r)ing. @ikeGi%e5 @ikeGi%e5 man) man) o" t&e %olar !r)er% available in ca%%ava pro!cing area% are al%o %e! "or ot&er crop%. crop%. A% %c&5 "armer% "armer% make make !o Git& make%&i" make%&i"tt !r)er% G&ic& are prone prone to contam contamina inatio tion n to %oil5 %oil5 !%t5 !%t5 an! ot&er ot&er e?tra e?traneo neo% % matter matter% % in a!!itio a!!ition n to longer !r)ing time. (&ip% m%t be protecte! protecte! "rom contamination an! %&ol! %&ol! be !rie! a% Oickl) a% po%%ible to avoi! mol! groGt&. (&ip% Git& mol!% are re$ecte!.
*< T!adin$ !adin$ Dit!i&ution Dit!i&ution (C2ip (C2ip and #!anule) #!anule) -ra!ing -ra!ing an! !i%tribtion are carrie! ot b) tra!er% or agent%5 private a%%embler%5 an! cooperative3a%%embler%. cooperative3a%%embler%. Ma$orit) o" t&o%e engage! in tra!ing are al%o into into c&ip% pro!ction or bot& c&ip% an! granle% pro!ction. Man) o" t&e tra!er% an! a%%embler% al%o &ave t&eir oGn ca%%ava "arm%. -ra!er% -ra!er% an! a%%embler% !eal Git& bot& c&ip% an! "re%& tber%. =enerall)5 even prior prior to &arve% &arve%t5 t5 "armer "armer% % &ave &ave alrea! alrea!) ) commit committe! te! t&eir t&eir &arve% &arve%tt to a %peci %pecic c 40 II/MB Final
tra!er. tra!er. -ra!er% %all) provi!e cre!it "or inpt%. inpt%. -&e) al%o %&ol!er t&e t&e labor an! &aling co%t% co%t% !ring &arve%t. &arve%t. mall3%cale an! "ragmente! pro!ction pro!ction nit% re%lt% in &ig& tran%action co%t% "or bot& "armer% an! tra!er%. Farm gate price i% loGer "or %mall volme pro!ction e.g.5 "or "re%& tber% 3 le%% t&an 1 ton%:. -ra!er% -ra!er% %ell bot& to "ee!mill companie% an! a%%embler%. -&e a%%embler% are aliate! aliate! Git& MFI. 7n!er t&e MFI marke marketing ting %)%tem5 %)%tem5 onl) a%%emble a%%embler% r% can !eliver !eliver to t&eir b)ing %tation%. %tation%. -ra!er% in ot& (otabato (otabato generall) generall) pre"er pre"er to %ell %ell t&eir t&eir c&ip% c&ip% an!/or an!/or granl granle% e% to a cooper cooperati ative ve a%%emble a%%emblerr. (ooper (ooperati ative3 ve3 a%%embler% in Nort&ern Min!anao5 on t&e ot&er &an!5 pre"er to %ell to private a%%embler% at a loGer price in or!er to imme!iatel) get t&e pa)ment. -o -o Oali") a% an a%%embler n!er t&e MFI (a%%ava A%%embler +rogram5 t&e "olloGing reOirement% m%t be met; P!elimina!3 ReFui!ement
a: @etter @etter o" o" Intent Intent to $oin $oin t&e t&e program program b: +&otocop) +&otocop) o" (erticate (erticate o" #Gner%&ip/ #Gner%&ip/@ea @ea%e %e o" At&orit) "rom "rom ,AR/,>NR ,AR/,>NR or ot&er concerne! government agencie% -(-/(@#A/(FA/@ea%e Agreement: c: +&otoc +&otocop) op) o" (erti (erticat cate e o" >( Regi%tr Regi%trati ation/ on/(, (,A A or ,-I Regi%tr Regi%trati ation/ on/Boa Boar! r! Re%oltionat&orit) Re%oltionat&orit) to negotiate: "or corporation% an! cooperative% !: +rope +ropert) rt) vicinit vicinit) ) map map e: itabilit ilit) ) o" %ite ite %b$ec $ect to in%pection b) an MFI Agrib%ine%% repre%entative: -opograp&) -opograp&) oil (la%%ication Farm to Market roa! acce%%ibilit) >Kective arable area − − − −
ReFui!ement ReFui!ement pe! Cont!a.t
Farm (on%oli!ation an! ppl) Agreement +re"erabl)5 +re"erabl)5 Git& eKective arable area o" at lea%t *0 &ectare% Area ,evelopment +lan "or t&ree : )ear% − −
6< "eed "eed Millin$ Millin$ (Lead "i!m "i!m in C2ip and #!anule #!anule C2ain) C2ain) ,rie ,rie! ! ca%% ca%%av ava a c&ip c&ip% % an! an! gran granl le% e% are are %ol! %ol! to "ee! "ee! mill millin ing g comp compan anie ie% % a% ingre ingre!ie !ient nt in t&e pro!c pro!ctio tion n o" live%to live%tock ck "ee!%. "ee!%. (a%%av (a%%ava a in "ee! ration ration can replace abot 0W20L o" t&e corn. -oo mc& ca%%ava in "ee! ration or too mc& proce%%ing5 &oGever5 can make t&e mi?e! "ee! npalatable. -&ere are abot 150 "ee! man"actrer% man"actrer% in t&e contr)5 mo%t o" G&ic& are concentrate! in (entral @Hon an! t&e National (apital Region N(R:. -&e -op 10 "ee!mill "ee!mill compani companie% e% in term term% % o" rate! rate! capacit) capacit) are; are; a: an Migel Migel Foo!% Foo!%55 Inc. MFI:Q b: Gi"t Foo!%5 Inc.Q c: 'itaric& (orporationQ !: +rina +&ilippine%Q e: 7niver%al RobinaQ ": Ntrimi? Fee!% (orporationQ g: +re Foo!% (orporationQ &: Foremo%t Farm%Q i: electa Fee!%5 Fee!%5 Inc.Q an! $: (argill +&ilippine%. +&ilip pine%.
41 II/MB Final
#" t&e 44 regi% regi%ter tere! e! comme commerc rcial ial mi?e! mi?e! "ee!% "ee!% man"a man"act ctre rer%5 r%5 14.21L 14.21L are are loca locate te! ! in Min! Min!an anao ao.. -&e -&e 62 "ee! "ee!mi mill ll% % acco accon ntt "or "or 10.1 10.1L L o" t&e t&e tota totall commercial "ee! "ee! mill capacit) in t&e +&ilippine%. +&ilippine%. -&ere are are al%o integrator% an! &ome mi?er% mi?er% in Min!anao. Min!anao. Among region% region% in Min!anao5 %OCC%?%AR#EN #(( #((A AR= R=>N >N &a% &a% t&e t&e mo%t mo%t nmb nmber er o" "ee! "ee! mill% mill% "ollo "olloGe Ge! ! b) Nort Nort&e &ern rn Min!anao. -&e%e tGo region% &a! t&e &ig&e%t average )iel! per &ectare in *01 an! among t&e top &og pro!cer% in Min!anao. Min!anao. ARMM &a% no commercial commercial "ee! mill.
Ta&l a&le e 6< Di Dit!i t!i&ut &ution ion o1 Co Comm mme!. e!.ial ial Mi Mi=ed =ed "eed Ma Manu nu1a. 1a.tu! tu!e! e! &3 Re$ion A o1 No/em&e! '' Re$ion
No< o1 "eed Mill
Rated Capa.it39-2ou! 2i1t
No<
B %2a!e
In MT
B %2a!e
20
4. 11.16
*150.20 *52.22
9.4 10.4
Min!anao
62 6
14.21 1.4
*50.20 2.00
10.1 0.**
Nort&ern Min!anao ,avao Region #((AR=>N
1 10 *
.9 *.* 6.*2
1524.00 *6.00 21.20
2. 0.9 .*0
4 0
0.9 0.00
10.00 0.00
0.04 0.00
**9
B
'768'<66
B
@Hon 'i%a)a%
(ARA=A ARMM -otal -otal 3 +&ilippine% Source: Bureau of Animal Industry
an Migel Foo!%5 Inc. &a% t&e bigge%t "ee! milling capacit) an! i% t&e large%t b)er o" ca%%ava c&ip% c&ip% an! granle%. granle%. It% "ee! "ee! milling operation pro!ce% pro!ce% %everal %everal t)pe% o" animal "ee!% n!er t&e t&e bran! name B3Meg. B3Meg. It operate% operate% abot 41 "ee! "ee! plant% in vario% vario% %trategic location% in t&e t&e contr). contr). It% %cale o" operation i% large enog& to make t&e compan) a price maker in t&e ca%%ava c&ip% an! granle% market. Anot&e Anot &err comm commer erci cial al "ee! "ee!mi mill ll t&at t&at i% alrea alrea!) !) %ing %ing ca%% ca%%av ava a in t&ei t&eirr "ee! "ee! "ormlatio "ormlation n i% -ate& -ate& +remim +remim Fee!% Fee!% (orporation. (orporation. -o !ate5 it Gol! %eem t&at procrement o" ca%%ava "ee!% i% more or le%% concentrate! in t&e compan)% "ee!mill "ee!mill in =eneral =eneral anto%. -ate&% ate&% "ee!mill "ee!mill in Bki!non Bki!non i% in t&e proce%% proce%% o" bil!ing p it% %ppl) ba%e o" ca%%ava incl!ing t&e e%tabli%&ment o" a nr%er). nr%er). In t&e pa%t5 +rina/(argill %e! to procre an average o" 1000 M- o" ca%%ava granle%. -o !ate5 compan) i% %ing ca%%ava a% bin!er an! e?ten!er an! volme reOire reOirement ment Gent Gent !oGn. It i% %ai! t&at compan) %orce% %orce% "rom Bki!non Bki!non an! #((AR=>N.
4* II/MB Final
Ta&le 7< Lit o1 "eed Mill and Inte$!ato! t2at 2a/e &een identiGed to date to &e ou!.in$ .aa/a 1!om Mindanao Re$ion Compan3
MFI/BM>= -ate&
:
'
E
E E
E
E E
CARA #A
ARM M
%mall volme
+rina/(argill
E
E
%mall volme
%mall volme
Biotec& Farm
E
+rogre%%ive Farm Manok ni an compan)
E +e!ro
#t&er integrator%
E %mall volme
E
E
E
Source: KII/FGD
A% can be %een "rom -able 165 b)er% are concentrate! in Nort&ern Min!anao an! #((AR=>N. (ARA=A %e! to !eliver c&ip% an! granle% to MFI "ee! mill% in (aga)an !e #ro G&en t&ere Ga% %till an a%%embler operating in t&e region. D&en t&e a%%embler clo%e! !oGn it% operation%5 t&e pro!ction volme% o" t&e cooperative% Gere too loG "or t&em to !eliver !irectl) to t&e "ee!mill. -o !ate5 MFI i% in t&e proce%% o" !eveloping a%%embler% in t&e region. ARMM i% not a pla)er in t&e c&ain !e to !i%tance an! &ig& tran%port co%t. -o %ecre t&eir %ppl) o" ca%%ava c&ip% an! granle%5 t&e commercial %cale "ee!mill "acilitie% provi!e a%%i%tance to t&eir con%oli!ator%/a%%embler% an! ca%%ava "armer% cooperative. MFI Agrib%ine%%/BM>=5 "or e?ample5 provi!e% t&e "olloGing; −
− −
=arantee! market Git& a marketing agreement accor!ing to mtall) agree! pro!ct Oalit)5 volme an! !eliver) %c&e!leQ =arantee! Joor priceQ tart3p tec&nical a%%i%tance in pro!ction5 po%t3&arve%t an! logi%tic% operation%
7< Manu1a.tu!in$ o1 %ta!.2 -o pro!ce &ig& Oalit) ca%%ava %tarc&5 a reliable %ppl) o" ca%%ava Git& optimal matrit) o" 1031* mont&% i% critical. Immatre root% &ave &ig& Gater content an! %olble %gar% an! le%% %tarc&. #ver matre root% contain re!ce! amont% o" %tarc& o" loGer Oalit) an! &ig& ber. @ikeGi%e5 "or optimm Oalit) %tarc& an! &ig& )iel!5 %tarc& e?traction m%t be !one Git&in 1* &or% a"ter &arve%t. A% %c&5 ca%%ava %tarc& "actorie% %all) locate Git&in t&e pro?imit) o" ca%%ava pro!cing area%. In Min!anao5 tGo o" t&e t&ree companie% are locate! in Nort&ern Min!anao G&ile t&e ot&er one i% in @anao !el r. -&e%e companie% primaril)
4 II/MB Final
%orce t&eir "re%& tber% via otgroGer%&ip agreement%. -&e companie% t&og& al%o accept Galk3in %pplier%.
Ta&le 8< %ta!.2 Companie in Mindanao Compan3
Lo.ation
Matling In!%trial Malabang5 an! (ommercial !el r (orporation
De.!iption
@anao Blk o" t&e ca%%ava tber% are cltivate! an! groGn in lan! oGne! b) compan) an! G&ic& &ave been lea%e! to emplo)ee% cooperative. Al%o %orce% "rom ca%%ava "armer% in @anao !el r. (ompan) i% main market o" ca%%ava pro!cing mnicipalitie% in @anao !el r.
Bio3=reen Mi%ami% #riental +roce%%ing an! Man"actring Inc.
+ro!ce% "oo! gra!e an! in!%trial gra!e ca%%ava %tarc&. @arge%t %tarc& compan) in Min!anao. +ro!ce% in!%trial an! commercial gra!e %tarc& an! Jor. +ro!ct% are %ol! in t&e !ome%tic market. Dork% Git& "armer% via contract groGing
+&il3Agro In!%trial Bki!non (orporation
Foo! an! in!%trial gra!e ca%%ava %tarc& orce% bot& "rom contract groGer% an! in!epen!ent "armer%.
Source: KII/FGD
8< Caa/a #!ate P!odu.tion (a%%ava grate% pro!ction i% %all) n!ertaken at t&e &o%e&ol! level b) "armer% an! &ome3ba%e! enterpri%e%. In
C< NATURE O" INTER"IRM RELATION%HIP% < Ho!i>ontal Relation2ip
44 II/MB Final
(ooperative% engage! in c&ip% an! granle% pro!ction are locate! in Nort&ern Min!anao e%peciall) Mi%ami% #riental5 Bki!non5 an! Mi%ami% #cci!ental:5 ot& (otabato5 arangani5 ,avao Region5
'< Ve!ti.al Relation2ip and %uppl3 C2ain #o/e!nan.e -&e governance pattern in t&e Min!anao ca%%ava in!%tr) appear% to be a controlle! &ierarc&ical relation%&ip t&at are !irecte!5 monitore!5 an! controlle! b) lea! rm% t&e "ee! mill% Git& MFI/BM>= a% t&e main lea! rm:. In a recent !eliver) ma!e b) an a%%embler cooperative to a "ee!mill5 t&e "ormer Ga% not aGare t&at moi%tre content reOirement &a% been re!ce! to 1L "rom 14L. 42 II/MB Final
+rice !i%cont% Gere applie! ba%e! on t&e neG moi%tre content reOirement. At t&e mnicipalit) level5 t&e a%%embler% )iel! t&e &ig&e%t !egree o" poGer "olloGe! b) t&e tra!er%. In #((AR=>N5 t&e pre%ence o" ot&er commercial %cale "ee! mill% to %ome e?tent mitigate% ri%k% o" "armer% an! granle pro!cer% to be trappe! in captive relation%&ip%. In area% G&ere MFI i% more or le%% t&e onl) b)er o" c&ip% an! granle%5 t&e pre%ence o" tra!er% an! interme!iarie% "rom competing c&ain% e.g.5 "re%& market an! grate%5 %tarc& companie% in Nort&ern Min!anao: provi!e% "armer% Git& opportnitie% to c&oo%e more "avorable con!ition%.In @anao !el r5 "armer% can c&oo%e to %ell eit&er to Matling or to t&e local market. In!irectl)5 t&e pre%ence o" mltiple c&ain% an! marketing c&annel% provi!e% "armer% Git& a certain level o" bargaining an! negotiation poGer%. @ikeGi%e5 t&i% prevent% monopoli%tic practice% "rom t&e lea! rm% an! tra!er%. #n t&e ot&er &an!5 t&e pre%ence o" mltiple lea! rm% an! marketing c&annel% provi!e% greater temptation among "armer% to pole3valt !epen!ing on t&e term% an! con!ition% o" pa)ment. It al%o create% %ome %ort o" complacenc) among "armer% an! interme!iarie% t&at t&ere Gill alGa)% be ot&er b)er% i" t&e relation%&ip !oe% not Gork Gell. imilarl)5 le%% eKort i% e?erte! to make t&ing% Gork G&en !i%%ati%"action come% in Git& one b)er. Relation%&ip betGeen "armer% an! b)er% in all c&ain% in Miin!anao region% i% generall) arm% lengt& alt&og& t&ere i% a %emblance o" long3termS relation%&ip t&rog& t&e %kiS %)%tem. -&e co%t o" %Gitc&ing to neG partner% i% loG "or bot& partie%. -&ere are no "ormal contractal relation%&ip% betGeen "armer% an! t&eir b)er% even Git& a%%embler 3cooperative% in G&ic& t&e) are a member. -&e !ominance o" %&ort3term contract% an! %pot tran%action% re%lt to a!ver%arial relation%&ip. &ort3term opportni%m %tiJe% innovation an! provi!e% "eG incentive% to inve%t in improvement%. MFI a%%embler% are bon! b) a Farm (on%oli!ation an! ppl) Agreement vali! "or t&ree : )ear%. Dit& garantee! market%5 t&e a%%embler% are more incline! to inve%t in pgra!ing. -ra!er%3proce%%or%3a%%embler% generall) practice t&e all3inS procrement Jat price regar!le%% o" Oalit): Git& t&e atomatic !e!ction o" tGo *: kilo% per %ack to accont "or Oalit) variance% moi%tre content5 t&ickne%% o" c&ip%5 e?traneo% matter5 etc.:. -&e Xall3in procrement provi!e% !i%incentive% "or pgra!ing alt&og& mo%t pla)er% look at t&i% a% a ri%k mitigation tool. In t&e ab%ence o" moi%tre content te%ter at t&e tra!er% an! a%%embler% level5 Oalit) control cannot be %cienticall) per"orme!. -o !ate5 onl) t&e "ee! mill% &ave t&e moi%tre Oalit) control te%ting eOipment. -&e %ame practice o" atomatic !e!ction% i% applie! in "re%& tber. -ran%action% betGeen "armer% an! t&eir b)er% are primaril) con!cte! on a Xca%& an! carr) ba%i% G&ic& reOire% acce%% to %cient Gorking capital to remain competitive. Farmer% are generall) price3taker%. A%i!e "rom t&e "act t&at man) o" t&e "armer% are be&ol!en to tra!er% !e to loan% an! ca%& a!vance%5 t&e %&ort %&el" li"e o" "re%& tber% make% it imperative "or "armer% to !i%po%e t&eir &arve%t a% "a%t a% po%%ible. mall&ol!er% rel) on a!vance% or cre!it "rom tra!er%3proce%%or%3a%%embler% to nance inpt% an! labor co%t%. -&e%e a!vance% an! cre!it5 G&et&er in ca%& or in3 46 II/MB Final
kin!5 are t&e main tool %e! to increa%e leverage an! en%re a reglar %ppl) o" "re%& tber%. Farmer% G&o !epen! on t&i% %orce o" Gorking capital become captive %pplier%. arve%t% are ple!ge! at t&e ot%et. It Gol! %eem t&at lea! rm% e%peciall) MFI an! %tarc& companie% noG approac& %ppl) c&ain !evelopment "rom a capacit) bil!ing per%pective rat&er t&an e?cl%ivel) "rom a price oKer point o" vieG. MFI &a% a%%igne! one tec&nician to provi!e e?ten%ion %ervice% to "armer% via t&e a%%embler%. #ne cooperative a%%embler al%o &a% a "lltime tec&nician to a%%i%t "armer%. Fee! mill companie% t&og& are more incline! to take on t&e ta%k% o" e!catingS t&eir %pplier% i" t&e) &ave a %ignicant pro!ction volme an! &ave !emon%trate! t&e capacit) to enter an! maintain vertical relation%&ip%. tarc& companie% provi!e tec&nical an! in3kin! a%%i%tance planting material%5 "ertiliHer %ometime%: to t&eir otgroGer%. D&ile %pot market price in"ormation i% Gi!el) available an! ecientl) tran%"erre!5 t&e JoG o" ot&er pro!ct in"ormation i.e.5 Oalit) an! Oantit) %pecication%: i% not a% tran%parent an! Gell !i%%eminate! an! n!er%too!. ppl) c&ain commnication an! collaboration i% %till generall) Geak an! can "rt&er be improve!. Beca%e eac& attribte o" t&e ni%&e! pro!ct originate% "rom a particlar point in t&e c&ain5 t&e eKectivene%% o" t&e entire %ppl) c&ain i% e%%ential to t&e nal pro!ct% %cce%% in t&e market. Foo! %a"et) an! Oalit)5 "or e?ample5 %&ol! be principall) a%%re! t&rog& t&e combine! eKort% o" all t&e vale c&ain participant%. (ommnication along t&e %ppl) c&ain i% e%%ential to en%re t&at all relevant "oo! %a"et) &aHar!% an! Oalit) !e"ect% are i!entie! an! a!eOatel) controlle! at eac& %tep Git&in t&e %ppl) c&ain. -&i% implie% recognition5 n!er%tan!ing5 an! interactive commnication o" proce%% an! pro!ct %tan!ar!% among an! betGeen !oGn%tream an! p%tream pla)er% in t&e c&ain. -&e pre%ence o" cooperative3a%%embler% &a% to a %ignicant e?tent contribte! to t&e !evelopment o" better n!er%tan!ing o" %tan!ar!% in t&e "ee!% %ppl) c&ain at t&e commnit) level. ince t&e cooperative% are ba%e! Git&in t&e localit) an! are al%o oGne! b) t&e "armer% t&em%elve%5 t&e groGer% are able to %ee an! ob%erve t&e pro!ction proce%% G&ic& provi!e% t&em Git& a better n!er%tan!ing o" t&e importance o" Oalit) an! it% relation to recover) rate% G&ic& i% !irectl) correlate! Git& income. Interaction% betGeen an! among pla)er% are generall) limite! e%peciall) %o t&at &arve%t i% onl) once a )ear. @imite! interaction an! commnication con%train% t&e abilit) o" "armer% an! ot&er '( pla)er% to e?pan! an! !eepen t&eir relation%&ip.
Ta&le 9< %nap2ot Relation2ip Aement, C2ain in Mindanao Re$ion Ape.t
De.!iption "a!me! and Inte!media!3 P!o.eo!Aem&le!
;u3e! %upplie! %ele.tion
"eed %uppl3
and
Inte!media!3Aem&le! "eed Mill ;u3in$ %tation
ome %emblance o" long term =overne! b) a contract Git& relation%&ip%. >ac& tra!er &a% a !eliver) Oota an! price in"ormal netGork o" %pplier%. ceiling agreement 4
II/MB Final
Ta&le 9< %nap2ot Relation2ip Aement, C2ain in Mindanao Re$ion Ape.t
De.!iption "a!me! and Inte!media!3 P!o.eo!Aem&le!
P!o.u!ement P!o.e
"eed %uppl3
Inte!media!3Aem&le! "eed Mill ;u3in$ %tation
In man) ca%e%5 &arve%t to 12 !a)% pa)ment term alrea!) ple!ge! to an interme!iar) !e to a!vance%. Interme!iarie% complain o" pole valting among "armer% (a%& on !eliver)
DorkJoG an! in"ormation are e?c&ange! in a manner t&at permit% t&e intro!ction o" innovation5 better relation%&ip% an! $oint eKort% to better In %ome ca%e%5 !irective5 one3 re%pon! to market Ga)5 an! Y%t "oc%e! on !eman!%. crrent tran%action. ualit3 Cont!ol 'i%al in%pection G&ic& can Moi%tre content te%ting potentiall) lea! to mi%tr%t !one internall) b) b)ing and Inpe.tion i%%e%. %tation. A%%embler in"orme! o" re%lt% o" Atomatic !e!ction to te%ting an! !e!ction% compen%ate "or G&atever applie! atomaticall) Oalit) i%%e%. -&i% provi!e% !i%incentive% "or pgra!ing. In1o!mation %2a!in$ T!anpa!en.3
ome !egree o" in"ormation %å on !eman! tren!%5 pricing an! co%ting 333 bt more "or t&e benet o" interme!iarie%
Value added -ra!er provi!e% e!/i.e a!vance%/ loan% to Colla&o!ation %ppl) and .oope!ation
;ai Competition Oe!
ca%& -ec&nical a%%i%tance "rom %ecre b)er 333 limite! t&og& beca%e t&ere i% onl) one tec&nician. ome learning an! %kill% tran%"er bt limite! to local norm% an! capabilit) o" tra!er% 'olme o1 'olme
Source: FGD
D< PRICE AND CO%T %TRUCTURE < In.ome and P!oGt 4 II/MB Final
Ta&le :< Cot and Retu!n, Caa/a "a!min$ 2e.ta!e
+articlar%
+ield 9 MT2a
+ield 6 MT2a
+ield * MT2a
Amount
B
Amount
B
Amount
B
MATERIAL%
4<
' B
6*<
'8 B
78<
47 B
+lanting Material%
15600.00
11 L
15600.00
L
15600.00
L
FertiliHer
15200.00
10 L
*5200.00
1L
1*5200.00
1500.00
L
*5600.00
* L 6L
erbici!e%/+e%tici!e%
3
LA;OR
76<
8: B
*'6<
84 B
':*6<
7* B
@an! +reparation
65*20.00
65*20.00
*L
6520.00
(tting an! +lanting
15200.00
4* L 10 L
15200.00
L
15200.00
14 L L
Dee!ing
15200.00
*5000.00
10L
5600.00
L
arve%ting
*5400.00
10 L 16 L
45200.00
*L
15000.00
9 L
Total
*86<
:76<
*76<
8iel! per ectare kilo%: (o%t per ilo +&+: Farm =ate +rice per ilo +&+:
5000.00 1.4 *.20
125000.00 1.1 *.20
605000.00 0. *.20
#!o In.ome (P2P)
'<
486<
6<
Net In.ome (P2P)
6'6<
896<
496<
Inpt 3 #tpt Ratio +rot Margin
1.6 *6L
1.91 4L
.*2 69L
Source: KII/FGD
A% can be %een "rom -able 195 "armer% inve%tment in "ertiliHer5 pe%tici!e5 an! &erbici!e incl!ing reglar "arm maintenance &a% %ignicant impact on )iel! an! income. A "armer Git& )iel! o" M-/&ectare Gol! onl) be earning at en! o" pro!ction abot +&+ 25*20 pl% labor o" +&+ 115620 i" &e/%&e tiliHe! oGn labor or t&at o" &o%e&ol! member%. A )iel! o" 40 M- per &ectare G&ic& &a% been ac&ieve! b) progre%%ive "armer% in ot& (otabato provi!e% a net income o" +&+ 10520. D&ile ca%%ava groG% Gell on marginal lan! an! i% generall) con%i!ere! a re%ilient5 loG3inpt crop5 vario% biotic an! abiotic con%traint% can impe!e it% optimal pro!ction a% can be %een in t&e !i%parit) o" )iel! betGeen "armer% Git& 49 II/MB Final
acce%% to tec&nolog) an! re%orce% vi%3P3vi% t&o%e Git& limite! acce%%. @ack o" acce%% to planting material% o" &ig& )iel!ing varietie% an! inpt%5 Gee! competition5 an! &ig& labor reOirement% all con%train pro!ction an! impact )iel!. (a%%ava "arm% pro!ce! &ig&er )iel!% i" "armer% plante! Git& improve! genot)pe%5 &ire! more labor5 Gee!e! more o"ten5 an! &arve%te! t&eir plot% at t&e rig&t matrit) age. -&e !i%parit) in )iel! betGeen "armer% Git& acce%% to re%orce% an! tec&nolog) an! t&o%e Git& limite! acce%% %gge%t% t&at t&e latter are not a!eOatel) beneting "rom opportnitie% to improve pro!ctivit) t&rog& %e o" appropriate tec&nologie% an! inpt%. Man) o" t&e n!erl)ing ca%e% o" loG "arm pro!ctivit) among %mall&ol!er% come !oGn to lack o" acce%% to re%orce%5 knoGle!ge5 an! %kill% combine! Git& t&e pGe!e naS an! tingiS mentalitie%. >?cept "or t&e more progre%%ive "armer%5 man) o" t&e ca%%ava groGer% %till generall) !o not %e a %tan!ar!iHe! repeatable %cientic met&o!olog) to !etermine t&e "nctional component% t&at are reOire! to operate t&eir "arm%.
'
20 II/MB Final
+ro!ction co%t "or one kilo o" granle% i% abot +&+ 4.9 Git& "arming acconting "or 64L. +rot per kilo o" granle% n!er t&e %cenario o" "armer% )iel! at M- per &ectare i% abot +&+ 6.61/kilo. Alt&og& "arming &a% t&e &ig&e%t percentage %&are to prot at 4L5 it i% not proportionate to "armer% %&are to pro!ction co%t. It can al%o be %een t&at c&ipping become% more crcial in boo%ting "armer% prot G&en ca%%ava i% groGn n!er a loG inpt3loG )iel! %)%tem.
Ta&le'< Relati/e "inan.ial Poition o1 VC Pla3e!, Caa/a C2ip and #!anule Aumption, 5ilo o1 $!anule '<* 5ilo o1 1!e2 tu&e! "a!me!K +ield, 9 MT2e.ta!e "un.tio n
P!odu .t
Cot
P!oGt
Ma!$in
Total Unit Cot
Adde d Unit Cot
B Added Unit Cot
Unit P!i.e
Unit P!oGt
B P!oGt
Unit Ma!$i n
B to P!i.e
Farming
-ber%
.14
.14
64L
6.00
*.6
4L
6.00
2*L
-ra!ing (&ipping
-ber% (&ip%
6.*2 .20
0.*2 0.20
2L 10L
.00 .20
0.2 1.00
11L 12L
1.00 1.20
9L 1L
=ranlati on -otal
=ranl e%
9.20
1.00
*0L
11.20
*.00
0L
.00
*6L
4.9
6.61
11.20
Source: KII
%.ena!io ', "a!me!K +ield, * MT2e.ta!e
Ta&le '< Relati/e "inan.ial Poition o1 VC Pla3e!, Caa/a C2ip and #!anule Aumption, 5ilo o1 $!anule '<* 5ilo o1 1!e2 tu&e! "a!me!K +ield, * MT2e.ta!e "un.tio n
P!odu .t
Cot
P!oGt
Ma!$in
Total Unit Cot
Adde d Unit Cot
B Added Unit Cot
Unit P!i.e
Unit P!oGt
B P!oGt
Unit Ma!$i n
B to P!i.e
Farming
-ber%
1.2
1.2
21L
6.00
4.12
2L
6.00
2*L
-ra!ing (&ipping =ranlati
-ber% (&ip% =ranl
6.*2 .20 9.20
0.*2 0.20 1.00
L 14L *L
.00 .20 11.20
0.2 1.00 *.00
9L 1L *2L
1.00 1.20 .00
9L 1L *6L
21 II/MB Final
on -otal
e% .60
.90
11.20
3
Source: KII
,i%tribtion o" prot among pla)er% become% eOitable G&en "armer% &ave &ig& pro!ctivit). #verall pro!ction co%t per kilo o" granle% goe% !oGn "rom +&+ 4.9 in cenario 1 to +&+ .60. 7n!er cenario *5 "armingcompri%e%21L o" t&e co%t an! percentage %&are to prot i% 2L. Alt&og& t&e%e "armer% alrea!) &ave &ig& )iel!%5 a ma$or Geakne%% common to all Ga% t&e ab%ence o" %oil anal)%i% a% ba%i% "or "ertiliHer application. Dit& "rt&er improvement in t&eir practice%5 it i% po%%ible "or t&e%e "armer% to increa%e t&eir prot%. Interme!iarie% believe t&at Git& improve! roa!% an! "armer% %elling c&ip% rat&er t&an tber%5 t&eir prot margin can al%o increa%e. In man) o" t&e area%5 interme!iarie%5 G&ic& incl!e cooperative%5 pick3p t&e tber% "rom "armer% a% a mean% o" %ecring t&eir %ppl). "i$u!e '< Relati/e "inan.ial Poition o1 Pla3e! in t2e Caa/a C2ip and #!anule in Mindanao %.ena!io '
2* II/MB Final
%e.tion *, MAR?ET% AND MAR?ET OPPORTUNITIE% A
Ba%e! on !ata "rom 7N (omtra!e an! Intracen5 +&ilippine%&a% been e?porting ca%%ava c&ip% an! granle% !ring t&e la%t ve )ear%. >?port volme t&og& &a% !ecrea%e! "rom 15*0 M- in *009 to 224 M- in *01. In *015 t&e main b)er% Gere (ana!a Git& a 2.2L %&are o" t&e e?port volme5 7nite! tate% an! A%tralia5 G&ic& acconte! "or *0.6L an! 12.L re%pectivel). Ta&le ''< P2ilippine E=po!t o1 Caa/a, ': to '4 P!odu.t, 8* Manio. (.aa/a) 1!e2 o! d!ied 02et2e! o! not li.ed o! pelleted T!ade Indi.ato!
':
'
'
''
'4
2 05000
1 *95000
44* 445000
*2 *95000
1 95000
904
9
15011
1516
15*0*
9
902
201
149
95000 150*0
25000 94
905000 1502
265000 151*
1405000 940
2 2*5000
26 15000
66 5000
* 5000
105000
91
15*6
15106
151
*516
Canada
'olme M-: 'ale in 7 : 7nit +rice per -on 7 /M-: United %tate
'olme M-: 'ale in 7 : 7nit +rice per -on 7 /M-: Aut!alia
'olme M-: 'ale in 7 : 7nit +rice per -on 7
2 II/MB Final
/M-: Total P2ilippine E=po!t
'olme M-:
15*0
'ale in 7 :
151
1501500 151500 0 0 96 961
7nit +rice per -on 7 /M-:
15206
2
244
1522
9665000
6605000
1
151*
15*1
Source: Intracen
(ompanie% e?porting ca%%ava pro!ct% are generall) al%o into tra!ing o" %tarc& an! ot&er agricltral pro!ct%. It Gol! %eem t&at ca%%ava3ba%e! pro!ct% are onl) a %mall percentage o" t&eir pro!ct port"olio.
Ta&le '4< E=po!te! o1 Caa/a C2ip and Pellet Compan3
De.!iption
Macrolite (orporatation
noGking >nterpri%e% +alm 'ieG -ra!e
a% a %atellite oce in 'ietnam ,eal% Git& %tarc&5 c&ip%5 pellet%5 re%i!e poG!er an! lmp% ai! to &ave t&eir oGn ca%%ava "arm an! can %ppl) 5000 M- o" c&ip% per mont& (a%%ava poG!er5 meal5 %tarc&5 an! c&ip% "or "ee!% an! in!%trial %e%. Main pro!ct %eem% to be banana Jor
Source: Alibaba Website
@o!ld E=po!t
Ta&le '*< ?e3 E=po!tin$ Count!ie o1 Caa/a P!odu.t >?porter '4 E=po!t Unit B Annual #!o0t2 P!i.e MT (U% ) Volume (MT)
Value (U%)
Rate (': '4) Volume
Value
CA%%AVA CHIP% AND PELLET% P!odu.t, 8* Manio. (.aa/a) 1!e2 o! d!ied 02et2e! o! not li.ed o! pelleted
-&ailan!
2516592
'iet Nam (ambo!ia
15695 49592
1515646500 0 40595000 1510*5000
(o%ta Rica
90512
62545000
**
*0
*41 144
* *
16 6
*1
9
12 24
II/MB Final
In!one%ia @o!ld
1*50*2
*51115000
*2
31
36
94'7 '
:46:*
'44
7
:
469
10
**
426
1*
**
CA%%AVA %TARCH P!odu.t , 9* Manio. (.aa/a) ta!.2
-&ailan!
*54*5220
'iet Nam
05199
151951500 0 154945000
In!one%ia +araga) =erman)
25624 *95494 5211
*55000 15995000 5295000
46 64 *5164
*0 * 10
*2 *9 46
':4*'*
4::66
*8*
@o!ld
Source: Intracen/International Trade enter
-&e Gorl! tra!e in ca%%ava pro!ct% i% %%taine! mainl) b) in!%trial !eman!. -&ere are t&ree main ca%%ava pro!ct% t&at are tra!e! in t&e international market5 namel); c&ip%5 pellet%5 an! %tarc&. Dorl! e?port o" ca%%ava c&ip% an! pellet% greG b) 6L per )ear Git& vale increa%ing at an annal rate o" 19L. 'olme o" %tarc& e?porte! &a% a &ig&er annal groGt& rate t&an c&ip% bt loGer annal percentage increa%e in vale. Accor!ing to t&e FA# Foo! #tlook report5 t&e %%taine! groGt& o" ca%%ava in *01* in t&e international market Ga% t&e re%lt o" t&e price competitivene%% t&at ca%%ava &a% gaine! over corn G&ic& Ga% largel) a re%lt o" government policie% on tra!e an! agrib%ine%% in -&ailan!. -&ailan! acconte! "or abot 6L o" total c&ip% an! pellet% e?porte! an! *L o" %tarc& e?port% in *01. A% t&e bigge%t %ingle contr) e?porter5 -&ailan! %et% t&e price in t&e Gorl! market. Market otlook in t&e coming )ear% !epen!% on &oG t&e price relation betGeen corn an! ca%%ava evolve% an! on t&e competitivene%% o" ca%%ava in t&e pro!ction o" et&anol vi%3P3vi% ot&er "ee!%tock%.
Ta&le '6< ?e3 Impo!tin$ Count!ie o1 Caa/a P!odu.t, '4 Count!3
Volume (in MT)
Value (U% )
Unit P!i.e (U%MT)
CA%%AVA CHIP% AND PELLET% P!odu.t, 8* Manio. (.aa/a) 1!e2 o! d!ied 02et2e! o! not li.ed o! pelleted
(&ina orea5 Repblic o"
55*0 25440
15*5245000 11509*5000
*4 **
7nite! tate% o" America -&ailan! Net&erlan!%
95*
65965000
9
4*56 1056
6565000 11562*5000
12 1500
Yapan pain
*56 5091
5225000 6541*5000
*26 904
45622 16516
255000 25225000
15** 44
France +&ilippine%
22 II/MB Final
7nite! ing!om @o!ld
542
45905000
15419
9797:*
'694:
'*9
CA%%AVA %TARCH P!odu.t , 9* Manio. (.aa/a) ta!.2
(&ina -aipei5 (&ine%e
154*05492 *95
66956905000 12599*5000
41 46
**050 1529 145*41
105*5000 05*465000 65945000
4 601 42
7nite! tate% o" America ingapore +&ilippine%
6*561
45**95000
0
605010 2056
0515000 **59495000
20* 421
orea5 Repblic o" Bangla!e%&
052 150*4
1455000 14515000
4 464
'7:64::
4*8::*
6
In!one%ia Mala)%ia Yapan
@o!ld
Source: Intracen/International Trade enter
For t&e la%t ten )ear%5 international tra!e JoG% Gere increa%ingl) concentrate! in A%ia e%peciall) (&ina. tarting in *0015 ca%%ava import% b) !eveloping contrie% e?cee!e! t&o%e o" !evelope! contrie% "or t&e r%t time. +&ilippine% i% among t&e top 10 importer% o" ca%%ava c&ip%5 granle%5 an! %tarc&.. ot& orea an! -aiGan are al%o among t&e ke) b)er%. -&e global market "or ca%%ava c&ip% an! pellet% i% on t&e average abot 7 * billion. A ke) !eman! !river Ga% t&e groGt& in %e "or t&e animal "ee! market5 et&anol an! bioZ"el% market.(&ina i% t&e Gorl!% large%t b)er o" ca%%ava c&ip%. In *0115 (&ina tiliHe! an e%timate! 6 million metric ton%5 o" G&ic& 4 million ton% or 66L Ga% importe!. In *015 (&ina repre%ente! 2L o" Gorl! import% o" ca%%ava c&ip% an! pellet%. ,ring t&e la%t !eca!e5 !eman! &a% %&i"te! "rom pellet% or granle% to ca%%ava c&ip%. -&i% Ga% !e to t&e Geak !eman! "rom t&e >ropean 7nion >7: an! t&e increa%e! !eman! "rom (&ina. For a long time5 t&e >ropean 7nion Ga% t&e main !e%tination "or global e?port% o" ca%%ava bt !ring t&e recent )ear%5 import volme &a% %ignicantl) re!ce! an! Jctate% accor!ing to t&e >ropean cereal market. ince *0095 t&e abn!ance o" (ommnit) %pplie% o" "ee! grain &a% contribte! to t&e re!ction in import%.(&ina &a% c%&ione! t&e collap%e o" t&e >7 ca%%ava market5 bt it &a% al%o re%lte! in t&e %&i"t "rom pellet% back to c&ip%. (&ina %e% t&e c&ip% a% et&anol inpt rat&er t&an animal "ee!. (&ina i% t&e r! top pro!cer o" et&anol in t&e Gorl! be&in! 7nite! tate% an! BraHil. (&ina &a% increa%ingl) been %Gitc&ing "rom corn to mola%%e% to ca%%ava "or et&anol inpt%. Recent increa%e in "oo! price% clminate! in t&e ban o" neG grain3ba%e! et&anol plan% to !i%corage t&e %e o" cereal% e.g. corn "or non3"oo! prpo%e% -ian5 *00:. -&e %e o" mola%%e% in et&anol pro!ction i% al%o !i%corage! !e to t&e environmental implication% "rom it% Ga%te #A>5 *006:. -&e%e re%triction%
26 II/MB Final
triggere! t&e groGt& in ca%%ava %e in (&ina% et&anol in!%tr) o" "oo!. (&ina i% crrentl) t&e onl) %b%tantial e?port market "or !rie! ca%%ava a% et&anol inpt. oGever t&i% market tra$ector) mig&t %oon be c&ange! a% (&ina &a% re!ce! et&anol tariK "rom 0L to $%t 2L Ni an! Mile%5 *009:. (&ina mig&t !irectl) import et&anol in%tea! o" c&ip% in t&e "tre. c& a %cenario implie% t&e nee! to !evelop t&e capacit) to competitivel) pro!ce c&ip% an! et&anol. -&e bioet&anol market in (&ina reOire% at lea%t 6L %tarc& content. -&e &ge live%tock "ee! market in (&ina i% %till relativel) ntappe! a% a po%%ible market "or c&ip% an! granle%. Nigeria5 t&e lea!ing pro!cer o" ca%%ava5 i% %ai! to be aggre%%ivel) pr%ing t&e (&ina market "or it% c&ip%. 'ario% report% in!icate! t&at t&e Fe!eral Mini%tr) o" Agricltre an! Rral ,evelopment FMAR,: reac&e! agreement Git& (&ine%e ca%%ava importer% "or t&e e?port o" 005000 metric ton% o" ca%%ava c&ip% Git& moi%tre content o" 1*L over a 1* mont& perio! %tarting in Ma) or Yne *01*. +rc&a%e price Ga% %et at 7 *6/ton (IF (&ina. Ma$or "oreign importer% o" 'ietname%e ca%%ava pro!ct% are (&ina5 ot& orea5 -aiGan5 t&e +&ilippine%5 Mala)%ia an! Yapan. (&ina5 a% t&e bigge%t b)er5 &a% importe! "rom 'ietnam in *01* rog&l) 722 million Gort& o" nearl) *.9 million ton% o" ca%%ava5 abot L o" t&e total. -&e %econ! bigge%t b)er i% ot& orea Git& %ome 70.6 million5 "olloGe! b) -aiGan Git& 7** million5 t&e +&ilippine% Git& 71.22 million15 Mala)%ia Git& appro?imatel) 7. million an! Yapan Git& aron! 7.12 million. ot& orea generall) b)% re%i!e pellet% G&ic& are ma!e ot o" %tarc& Ga%te rat&er t&an c&ip%. tarc& content reOirement i% 22L. (rrentl)5 main %pplier o" t&e re%i!e pellet% i% -&ailan!. In t&e ca%%ava %tarc& international tra!e5 (&ina i% al%o t&e bigge%t importer.(a%%ava %tarc&e% are %e! a% inpt% into vario% "oo! an! non3"oo! in!%trie% in (&ina5 notabl) te?tile an! paper. (&ina% importation o" %tarc& contine% to increa%e bt t&ere i% a groGing ten!enc) toGar!% c&eaper an! loGer Oalit) %tarc&. -ra!e e?pert% %peclate t&at t&e c&ange in !eman! pattern ma) be !e to t&e "olloGing; i: A reJection o" t&e bil!ing o" (&ina% oGn %tarc& mo!ication capacit) a% in!icate! b) t&e %ignicant increa%e in pro!ction o" mo!ie! %tarc&Q an! ii: a %&i"t in en! %er% "rom e?port oriente! in!%trie% targeting &ig& en! market% to le%% %op&i%ticate! !ome%tic oriente! in!%trie%. In general5 groGt& o" ca%%ava %tarc& in t&e international tra!e Gol! !epen! on it% price competitivene%% vi%3P3vi% corn an! potato %tarc&e%. For t&e +&ilippine% an! Min!anao5 in particlar5 to become a ma$or pla)er in t&e international tra!e market5 price competitivene%% an! compliance to %tan!ar!% particlarl) moi%tre an! %tarc& content are t&e more critical "actor%. >conomi%t%5 &oGever5 "eel t&at t&e >7 market Gol! contine to re!ce it% import% given t&at 7kraine i% "a%t becoming a ma$or "ee! grain %pplier. -&e more viable market% are t&e !eveloping economie% in A%ia particlarl) t&o%e Git& groGing live%tock %ector%. Halal @o!ld Ma!5et
1
T!is does not tally "it! Intracen/IT statistics# Data "as ta$en from %ietnam&s e'(ort sales of cassa)a c!i(s#
2 II/MB Final
It i% e%timate! t&at M%lim% accont "or abot *2L o" t&e global poplation5 an! t&e M%lim poplation i% )onger an! groGing "a%ter a% a G&ole5 increa%ing at a rate o" 1.L per )ear (arnegie >n!oGment "or International +eace:. -&e global alal "oo! market i% Gort& an e%timate! 7 62 billion. -&e alal market in >rope alone repre%ent% 7 6 billion5 &ig&lig&ting t&at t&e alal "oo! market in non3M%lim contrie% i% al%o %b%tantial. Accor!ing to t&e alal In!%tr) ,evelopment (orporation o" Mala)%ia5 among all alal pro!ct% on a global %cale5 10L i% repre%ente! b) meat%5 an! 2L i% proce%%e! "oo! an! non3alco&olic beverage%. 'ale3a!!e! bee" pro!ct% an! !eli are cla%%ie! Git&in t&e proce%%e! "oo! categor)5 G&ic& al%o incl!e% a Gi!e variet) o" ot&er pro!ct%5 %c& a% cookie%5 can!ie%5 etc. -&e pro!ction o" &alal live%tock Git& ca%%ava a% one o" t&e ke) "ee! ingre!ient% an! t&e pgra!ing o" t&e vario% !elicacie% can be among t&e opportnitie% t&at ARMM can potentiall) pr%e.
'< Dometi. Ma!5et "i$u!e 4< Caa/a %uppl3 Utili>ation in t2e P2ilippine '4
Ba%e! on BA !ata5 4L o" t&e total available %ppl) o" ca%%ava in *01 Ga% tiliHe! "or proce%%ing. -otal net "oo! !i%po%able Ga% onl) abot 10L o" t&e total %ppl) G&ic& tran%late! to an annal per capita o" *.42 kg/)ear. Fee!% an! Ga%te G&ic& mo%t likel) aro%e "rom poor po%t&arve%t practice% an! "arm management acconte! "or 6L o" t&e total %ppl).
Caa/a C2ip and #!anule
2 II/MB Final
-&e %e o" !rie! ca%%ava c&ip% a% ingre!ient% "or animal "ee!% Ga% triggere! mainl) b) t&e groGing corn %ppl) %&ort"all%.Alt&og& t&e i!ea o" %ing !rie! ca%%ava c&ip% initiall) receive! a lkeGarm re%pon%e in t&e +&ilippine% !e to Oalit) an! reliabilit) problem%5 re%i%tance &a% gra!all) !ecline! !ring t&e recent )ear%. Ma$or commercial "ee! bran!% in t&e contr) are noG increa%ingl) %ing ca%%ava in t&eir "ee! "ormlation. MFI i% t&e bigge%t b)er an! reOire% 2005000 ton% o" !rie! ca%%ava c&ip% "or it% "ee! operation%. -ate& i% increa%ingl) %ing ca%%ava in it% "ee! "ormlation. Main Oalit) reOirement% o" "ee! companie% "or granle% incl!e 62L %tarc& content5 1L moi%tre content5 to 10 millimeter% %iHe o" granle%5 an! %&ol! be "ree "rom e?traneo% matter5 mol!%5 in%ect in"e%tation an! !amage. -&e +&ilippine Oalit) %tan!ar!% "or c&ip% an! granle% are pre%ente! in -able * .
Ta&le '7< ualit3 %tanda!d P2ilippine National %tanda!d P!ope!tie
%pe.iG.ation "eed Ot2e! Indut!ial Ue
"ood
Ma?imm )!roc)anic 10 mg/kg *2 mg/kg No limit aci! (N:5 !r) Geig&t ba%i% Ma?imm %tarc& 62L 62L 62L Ma?imm a%& 1.0L 2.0L 2.0L Ma?imm %an! 0.2L *.0L *.0L Ma?imm cr!e ber *.0L 4.0L 4.0L Ma?imm cr!e protein 0.2L 1.2L 0.2L Ma?imm moi%tre 14L 14L 14L content Note; ,ring t&e recent )ear%5 MFI/BM>= an! ot&er "ee! mill% reOire 1L moi%tre content. (rrent %ppl) o" ca%%ava i% not %cient to meet !ome%tic market reOirement%. +&ilippine% import% ca%%ava c&ip% an! pellet% "rom 'ietnam an! -&ailan!. MFI &a% al%o "ee!milling operation% in 'ietnam. #n t&e average5 +&ilippine% %pent abot 7 4.*2 million per )ear "or importation o" c&ip% an! pellet% !ring t&e la%t ve )ear%. -&e contr) i% a net importer o" ca%%ava c&ip% an! pellet%. Ta&le '8< P2ilippine Impo!t o1 C2ip and Pellet ': to '4 P!odu.t, 8* Manio. (.aa/a) 1!e2 o! d!ied 02et2e! o! not li.ed o! pelleted Note, No !e.o!ded impo!tation in ': Impo!t data die! dependin$ on ou!.e
Impo!t Indi.ato!
'
'
''
'4
T2ailand
'olme in M-:
15120
10542
'ale in 7 : 7nit +rice 7
45105000 **6
56115000 42 29
II/MB Final
Ta&le '8< P2ilippine Impo!t o1 C2ip and Pellet ': to '4 P!odu.t, 8* Manio. (.aa/a) 1!e2 o! d!ied 02et2e! o! not li.ed o! pelleted Note, No !e.o!ded impo!tation in ': Impo!t data die! dependin$ on ou!.e
Impo!t Indi.ato!
'
'
''
'4
'olme in M-:
654
1*506
2502
'ale in 7 : 7nit +rice 7 /M-:
*5145000
2515000 40
**5000 **
1595000 40
*45200 65*615000
1*506 2515000
**5000
16516 25225000
*26
40
**
44
/M-: Vietnam
Total Impo!t
'olme in M-: 'ale in 7 : 7nit +rice 7 /M-:
Source: Intracen/International Trade enter
Dit& live%tock an! aOacltre pro!ction an! con%mption in an increa%ing tren!5 t&e %e o" !rie! ca%%ava c&ip%/ca%%ava granle% i% e?pecte! to contine groGing. Dit& corn pro!ction not e?pecte! to increa%e %ignicantl)5 ca%%ava i% pro$ecte! to become an increa%ingl) attractive option "or commercial "ee!% man"actrer%. +rice competitivene%% o" ca%%ava c&ip% vi%3P3vi% importe! corn Gill be a ma$or !eterminant on t&e %%taine! %e o" ca%%ava "or "ee! mi?e%. -&e price o" complementar) pro!ct% %c& a% %o)bean meal% al%o aKect% t&e !eman! "or ca%%ava granle% an! c&ip%. =iven t&at t&ere are no e?i%ting "ee! mill% in ARMM5 t&e pro!ction o" &alal "ee!% an!5 con%eOentl)5 live%tock targeting M%lim commnitie% can be %omet&ing t&at t&e region can e?plore. It i% %ai! t&at mo%t o" t&e Filipino M%lim% &alal "oo!% an! non3"oo! %tK are %till importe! "rom Mala)%ia beca%e local &alal pro!cer% are !eeme! not cre!ible. (a%%ava c&ip% are al%o %e! a% alternative material "or t&e pro!ction o" liOor alco&ol. =inebra an Migel% !i%tiller) in Negro% #cci!ental nee!% 4 million kilo% o" !rie! ca%%ava c&ip% mont&l). Mega +l)Goo! in
%ta!.2
60 II/MB Final
tarc& en!3%e application% &ave groGn in nmber over t&e )ear% an! almo%t all ma$or in!%trie% &ave "on! %ome %e% "or %tarc&. In "oo! in!%trie%5 %tarc& i% %e! to give "nctional propertie% to proce%%e! "oo!% %c& a% t&ickening5 bin!ing5 lling5 an! ta%te. tarc& i% %e! in canne! %op%5 in%tant !e%%ert%5 ice cream%5 proce%%e! meat%5 %ace%5 an! baker) pro!ct%. tarc& can al%o be converte! into %gar. It i% %e! to man"actre %Geetener% an! %)rp%. -&e "oo! in!%tr) rank% a% t&e large%t en!3%e %ector5 Git& %Geetener application% repre%enting t&e large%t %b3%egment Gorl!Gi!e. Ne%tle +&ilippine% i% %ai! to reOire ca%%ava "or t&e man"actre o" it% non3!air) coKee creamer. 7%e% o" %tarc& in non3"oo! in!%trie% incl!e t&e te?tile5 paper5 pl)Goo!5 an! a!&e%ive in!%trie%. tarc& i% al%o %e! in t&e man"actre o" p&armacetical%. (a%%ava %tarc& %er% pre"er to %orce "rom -&ailan! beca%e o" price an! Oalit) c&aracteri%tic% %c& a% blan!ne%%5 !ige%tibilit)5 loGer gelatiniHation temperatre5 %itabilit) "or t&e man"actre o" top Oalit) remoi%tening gm% "or label%5 envelope%5 an! t&e like5 goo! aci! re%i%tance an! long %&el" li"e. ince 195 %even ot o" t&e 10 mill% &ave cea%e! operation%.
Ta&le '9< P2ilippine Impo!t o1 Caa/a %ta!.2 ': to '4 P!odu.t , 9* Manio. (.aa/a) ta!.2 T!ade Indi.ato!
':
'
'
''
'4
'olme in M-:
6*5922
4501
59
25*4
451
'ale in 7 :
1652500 0 *6
*152*9500 0 44
*15*500 0 220
15426500 0 49
125411500 0 444
*65*4 5115000
115412 45*665000
151* 65095000
*251 14512 115146500 65215000 0
*4
4
49
44
46
'olme in M-:
9*5212
29596
245409
6*5929
2056
'ale in 7 :
*4521500 0 *66
*25924500 0 4
*564500 0 2*9
*95*9500 0 466
**5949500 0 421
T2ailand
7nit +rice 7 /M-: Vietnam
'olme in M-: 'ale in 7 : 7nit +rice 7 /M-: Total Impo!t
7nit +rice 7 /M-:
Source: Intracen/international Trade enter
+&ilippine% %pen!% an average o" 7 *.16 million per )ear "or ca%%ava %tarc& import%. 'olme importe! t&og& !ecrea%e! "rom a &ig& o" 9*5212 M- in *009 to 2056 M- in *01. +er&ap%5 Git& t&e A>AN integration in *012 an! Git& increa%e! "arm pro!ctivit)5 t&e %tarc& in!%tr) Gol! be able to encorage large %er% in t&e +&ilippine% to %orce t&eir reOirement% locall). Caa/a "lou!
(a%%ava Jor i% t&e ne%t pro!ct e?tracte! "rom ca%%ava root% an! "rom !rie! ca%%ava grate%5 an! i% among t&e be%t %b%titte "or G&eat Jor in man) baker) 61 II/MB Final
pro!ct%. t!ie% &ave %&oGn t&at ca%%ava Jor col! %b%titte G&eat Jor "rom *03100L. For brea! pro!ct%5 t&e %b%tittion rate can go a% &ig& a% *0L G&ile "or Oick brea!% col! be 100L %b%tittion. -o !ate5 t&e %e o" ca%%ava Jor in baker) pro!ct% i% not poplar. Caa/a #!ate and Lo.al Deli.a.ieHome Conumption
Ba%e! on BA !ata5 annal per capita con%mption o" ca%%ava !ecrea%e! "rom .1* kilogram% in *00/09 to *. kg in *01*. Man) o" t&e area% G&ere t&ere Ga% a %teep !ecline in annal per capita con%mption al%o &a! !oGnGar! tren! in t&eir ca%%ava pro!ction an!/or an increa%e in c&ip%/granle pro!ction. -&e &ig&e%t per capita con%mption Ga% in ARMM Git& 11.69 kg.
Ta&le ':< Annual pe! Capita Conumption o1 Caa/a (?$+ea!) in t2e P2ilippine '9: and '' Annual Pe! Capita Conumption B C2an$e Region (?$+ea!) '9:
''
+I@I++IN> N(R
.1* 0.*6
*. 0.*
39L *L
(AR Iloco% Region (aga)an 'alle)
1.61 1.* *.44
*.12 1.09 1.
L 340L 3*2L
(entral @Hon (A@ABAR<#N MIMAR#+A
1.14 *.9 4.16
1.*1 *. .0
6L 14L 69L
Bicol Region De%tern 'i%a)a% (entral 'i%a)a%
2. 1.9* .64
. *.61 .14
32L 2L 314L
>a%tern 'i%a)a%
2.46 6.4
4.41 4.42
319L 30L
Nort&ern Min!anao ,avao Region #((AR=>N
2.0 *.0 4.2*
.64 1.60 .*4
31L 3*L 3*L
(ARA=A ARMM
.0 10.40
.69 11.69
3L 1*L
Source: BAS
,eman! o" ca%%ava "or &man con%mption Gill largel) be !riven b) poplation groGt& e%peciall) in M%lim commnitie% rat&er t&an t&e general %&i"t o" pre"erence "or ca%%ava. -&ere i% likel) to be a greater potential "or proce%%e! 6* II/MB Final
an! %nack "oo!%5 G&ere ca%%ava ma) n! a nic&e market. It can be po%itione! a% a &alal an! glten "ree pro!ct Git& loG "at an! %gar content. -&ere i% a lack o" %ppl) o" &alal "oo! pro!ct% in t&e +&ilippine% an! man) o" t&o%e %ol! in t&e market are importe! "rom Mala)%ia. #ne o" t&e main %trengt&% o" ca%%ava %nack "oo!% i% t&at t&e%e are le%% oil) t&an ot&er tra!itional c&ip%. (ompare! to ot&er %tarc&e%5 ca%%ava ab%orb% le%% "at !ring "r)ing proce%%. @atin American contrie% &ave !evelope! a range o" ca%%ava pro!ct% an! %cce%%"ll) markete! t&e%e in t&e 7nite! tate%5 >ropean5 an! Yapane%e market%. In term% o" "oo!5 grate% are t&e ba%ic %b pro!ct% tra!e! to t&o%e G&o are into nal proce%%e! ca%%ava "oo! pro!ct%5 an! mainl) "on! a%;
a: Fre%& (a%%ava =rate% Fre%& ca%%ava grate% are t&e main ingre!ient% in man) native "oo! !elicacie% %c& a% ca%%ava cake5 puto, suman, pitsi-pitsi, etc. oGever5 "re%& ca%%ava grate% are not rea!il) available in t&e market bt one &a% to get t&e %ppl) o" root% r%t t&en proce%% t&e%e into grate%. Fre%& ca%%ava grate% ma) be %ol! in t&e market a% a "roHen pro!ct. b: ,rie! (a%%ava =rate% ,rie! ca%%ava grate% are alrea!) tiliHe! a% main ingre!ient in man) "oo! pro!ct% G&ere "re%& ca%%ava grate% are tiliHe!. Foo! pro!ct% ot&er t&an t&e tra!itional M%lim !elicacie% &ave been !evelope! "rom !rie! ca%%ava grate% like ca%%ava cookie%5 $oll) roll%5 e%pa%ol5 pKe! pro!ct%5 etc. -&e c&allenge i% %caling p pro!ction an! !i%tribtion to a commercial level. @ikeGi%e5 t&ere i% an i%%e o" peri%&abilit). "i$u!e *< %ample o1 Caa/a C2ip in Ot2e! Count!ie
6 II/MB Final
;< PRICE TREND% < E=po!t Ma!5et +rice o" ca%%ava i% inJence! b) t&e price% o" grain%. From a &ig& o" 7 *60.2 per M- in *010/115 price o" ca%%ava c&ip% Gent !oGn to 7 *2. in *01*/1. ,ring t&e recent mont&% *014:5 F#B price o" ca%%ava c&ip% in t&e e?port market range% "rom 7 **0 to *40 per metric ton. "i$u!e 6< A/e!a$e E=po!t P!i.e o1 Caa/a C2ip in t2e @o!ld Ma!5et
64 II/MB Final
-&eaverage Gorl! e?port price in *01 i% abot +&+ 10.*6 per kilo in +&ilippine pe%o%. -&e table beloG G&ic& %&oG% t&e &i%torical F#B price o" -&ai c&ip% to (&ina al%o in!icate% t&at e?port price to be aron! +&+ 10.*/kilo In bot& ca%e%5 t&e F#B price i% almo%t at t&e %ame level a% t&e b)ing price o" "ee! mill% "rom a%%embler%. -&i% implie% t&at entr) to t&e e?port market an!/or import %b%tittion Gol! reOire improvement in pro!ctivit) an! ecienc) to boo%t price competitivene%%.
Ta&le 4< P!i.e o1 Caa/a C2ip in T2ailand Unit P!i.e (U% MT)
(&ip% to (&ina F.#. B. Bangkok:
-&ai !ome%tic price o" tber%
'
''
'4
*6.4
*4.2
*6.*
9.6
0.0
90.
P2P EFui/alent o1 '4 P!i.e
105*2/Mor 10.*2/kilo 59*/M- or .9/M-
Source: FAO Food Outloo$ *o)ember +,-.
In -able 05 it can al%o be %een t&at !ome%tic price o" "re%& tber% &a! a more rob%t groGt& t&an e?port price. @ikeGi%e5 it Gol! %eem t&at -&ai "armer% receive better price "or t&eir tber% t&an t&eir Filipino conterpart.
'< Dometi. Ma!5et -&e price o" tber% varie% !epen!ing on t&e marketing c&annel%. -&e "ee!% an! %tarc& %ppl) c&ain% oKer t&e loGe%t price at +&+ * to +&+ *.20 per kilo. -&e%e %ppl) c&ain% b) in blk an! oKer garantee! market% an! Joor price. +rice in 62 II/MB Final
t&e %tarc& an! "ee! %ppl) c&ain% &a% been %table !ring t&e la%t ve )ear%. +rice o" tber% %ol! to Get market% "or &ome con%mption an! "or proce%%ing range% "rom +&+ * to !epen!ing on !eman! an! %ppl). -&e !eman! i% &ge bt t&e%e are %prea! ot among man) micro an! %mall %cale entreprener%. Ab%orption capacit) o" eac& micro enterpri%e i% loG. -&i% c&annel i% i!eal "or "armer% Git& loG pro!ction volme an! "or t&o%e G&o pre"er to %ell in %mall Oantitie%. -&e tran%action co%t t&og& i% &ig& in t&i% c&annel an! can potentiall) oK%et gain% ma!e b) "armer% "rom t&e relativel) &ig&er price t&an in t&e "ee!% an! %tarc& %ppl) c&ain%.
Ta&le 4< Indi.ati/e P!i.e o1 Caa/a P!odu.t '* Ma!5etin$ C2annel P!odu.t "o!mat
Indi.ati/e P!i.e (P2P)
NoteComment
Home Conumption"ood P!o.ein$Lo.al Deli.a.ie
Fre%& tber%
+&+ * to /kilo
+rice generall) &ig&er in M%lim !ominant area%
=rate! ca%%ava -ampin: *.2 kilo% per pack
+&+ *0 to 0/pack
+rice Jctate% !epen!ing on %ppl) o" ca%%ava
+&+ * to *.20/kilo
Interme!iarie% %all) oKer a &ig&er price "or t&o%e Git& &ig& volme
"eed
Fre%& tber
Farmer% Git& ca%& a!vance% "rom tra!er% not cooperative%: %all) get a loGer price (&ip%
+&+ .20 to 9.*0/kilo
For cooperative%5 price oKere! to b)er% !epen! on pricing polic) A!!itional o" +&+ 1 to * oKere! "or peele! ca%%ava c&ip%. Farmer% t&og& not ent&%ia%tic %ince manal peeling i% laborio%.
=ranle%
+&+ 11.20/kilo
+remim given to "armer% G&o can !eliver &ig& volme b$ect to !i%cont% ba%e! on Oalit) an! moi%tre content +remim given to peele! ca%%ava granle%
%ta!.2
Fre%& tber
+&+ *.00 to *.20/kilo
#Ker% +&+ 4 to 4.20 "or %pplier% ot%i!e t&e regionQ %tarc& companie% b) ot%i!e t&e region G&en t&e) lack %ppl)
Source: KII/FGD
66 II/MB Final
%e.tion 6, %UPPORT %ERVICE% A< "INANCIAL %ERVICE% Alt&og& Min!anao &a% a vibrant "ormal nancial %ector5 t&e va%t ma$orit) o" "n!ing in t&e ca%%ava %ppl) c&ain JoG% "rom t&e vale c&ain actor% t&em%elve%. 'ale c&ain actor% &ave !iKerent !river% "or %ppl)ing cre!it5 mo%t o"ten t&e !e%ire to %ecre %ppl)5 increa%e pro!ction an! ecienc)5 an! increa%e market %&are. A% a re%lt5 !oGn%tream pla)er% are more Gilling t&an nancial in%tittion% to accept t&e ri%k% a%%ociate! Git& agricltral nance. In 6 II/MB Final
a!!ition5 vale c&ain actor% &ave more in"ormation on b%ine%% activit)5 ca%& JoG% an! rm% Git&in t&e vale c&ain t&an nancial in%tittion% !o5 G&ic& loGer% t&eir tran%action co%t% an! re!ce% ri%k. -&e inter!epen!ence o" vale c&ain actor% "rt&er re!ce% cre!it ri%k%. In t&e ca%e o" vale c&ain nance "or inpt% %c& a% "ertiliHer5 non3pa)ment Gol! likel) re%lt in lo%ing acce%% to t&e inpt a% Gell a% t&e relate! nancing.A%%embler% in nee! o" nancial %ervice% %e t&eir contract% Git& MFI to "acilitate acce%% to nance "rom bank%. mall&ol!er% generall) !o not &ave t&e collateral nor %igne! contract% Git& b)er% t&at t&e) can pre%ent to bank%. A% %c&5 "armer% an! re%orce poor pla)er% generall) &ave limite! acce%% to "ormal nance an! are al%o &e%itant to avail o" loan% "rom bank% an! MFI%. Re%orce poor pla)er%5 t&ere"ore5 borroG mone) "rom in"ormal %orce% beca%e t&e%e are acce%%ibleQ reOire no collateral an! volmino% !ocment% like t&o%e reOire! b) "ormal len!ing in%tittion%. Financial in%tittion% in t&e +&ilippine% &ave Oite a Gi!e range o" pro!ct% an! a!!3in %ervice% t&at attempt to %erve t&e nee!% o" t&e poor G&ile managing t&e ri%k% o" len!ing to t&em. -&e ca%& JoG3ba%e! len!ing5 "or e?ample5 t&at %e% reglar &o%e&ol! ca%& JoG anal)%i% an! collect% pa)ment% "reOentl) provi!e% a valable line o" cre!it "or &o%e&ol!% engage! in "arming activitie% bt ma) not be appropriate among marginal "armer% G&o !o not &ave ot&er %orce% o" income. +ro!ction co%t3ba%e! len!ing provi!e% more promi%e to increa%e prot% an! &elp marginal "armer% Git&ot ot&er %orce% o" income to mitigate t&e ncontrollable ri%k% to agricltre. Anot&er viable option to "acilitate acce%% o" '( actor% to nancial %ervice% particlarl) t&e re%orce poor i% to %trengt&en t&e e?i%ting vale c&ain nancing %trctre an! "acilitate it% %&i"t toGar!% a Gin3Gin propo%ition. +arallel to t&i% i% t&e nee! to provi!e vale c&ain actor% provi!ing nancial %ervice% Git& training an! tec&nical a%%i%tance on agricltral nance port"olio management. (ooperative%5 "or e?ample5 col! %e a%%i%tance in evalating t&eir approac& to provi!ing nance to make %re t&at all nit co%t% are a!eOatel) "actore! an! ri%k% are co%t3eKectivel) manage!. Financial in%tittion%5 on t&e ot&er &an!5 nee! a%%i%tance in n!er%tan!ing vale c&ain% an! &oG to manage ri%k% a%%ociate! Git& len!ing to t&e ca%%ava %ector. D&ile mo%t nancial in%tittion% are aver%e to len!ing !irectl) to "armer%5 b) intro!cing t&e mec&ani%m o" vale c&ain nancing t&e) can i!enti") len!ing opportnitie% to "acilitate t&e e?pan%ion o" t&e entire vale c&ain. a"et) net%5 %aving%5 an! in%rance pro!ct% are al%o nee!e! to improve t&e re%ilience o" %mall&ol!er% an! ot&er re%orce poor pla)er% in t&e ot& (otabato ca%%ava vale c&ain. Farmer% are con"ronte! Git& &ig& per"ormance an! market ri%k% G&ic& can be mitigate! t&rog& acce%% to %aving% an! in%rance pro!ct% combine! Git& %&ort3term cre!it. +overt) o"ten "orce% "armer% to %ell crop% G&en t&e time i% not rig&t. Dit&ot acce%% to nance %aving% an! cre!it:5 "armer% Gill remain in loG3inve%tment/loG3pro!ctivit) agricltral operation%. Farmer% can al%o make goo! %e o" in%rance pro!ct% in t&eir ri%k management an! loGer ri%k aver%ene%% G&ic&5 o"tentime%5 &in!er% pgra!ing initiative%.
;< NON-"INANCIAL %ERVICE% B%ine%% !evelopment an! logi%tic %ervice% in t&e ca%%ava vale c&ain i% provi!e! in t&e "olloGing Ga)%; 6 II/MB Final
1. In1o!mal,In"ormation5 knoGle!ge an! a!vice available to "armer% an! ot&er '( actor% t&rog& %ocial relation%&ip%. -&i% col! incl!e in"ormation an! a!vice on price5 market an! tec&nolog) tren!% t&rog& %ocial netGork% or me!iation t&rog& tra!itional cltral mec&ani%m%. >?ample% o" t&e%e Gol! be t&e in"ormal !i%c%%ion%/%å on "ertiliHer management an! application5 increa%ing ca%%ava )iel! recover) !ring meeting%5 a "armer con%lting a peer on problem% encontere! in &i%/&er "arm5 etc. *. Em&edded,ervice% are provi!e! Git&in a b)ing or %elling tran%action5 G&ereb) t&e co%t% o" t&e %ervice provi%ion "orm part o" t&e overall co%t calclation o" t&e %pplier5 G&ile t&e %ervice %er !oe% not &ave to pa) "or %ervice !eliver). >mbe!!e! %ervice% are an a!!e! "eatre to t&e main b%ine%% tran%action. >?ample% o" t&e%e are t&e "olloGing; 3 MFI; one tec&nical per%on a%%igne! per ke) area o" operation to provi!e e?ten%ion %ervice% primaril) via t&e cooperative%. 3 -ra!er%/A%%embler%/(ooperative%; -ran%portation an! &arve%ting %ervice%Q tec&nical a!vice an! Oalit) control %ervice% 3 (ooperative%; training an! e?ten%ion %ervice% . Comme!.iall3 pono!ed me.2anim, An e?ample o" t&i% Gol! be ra!io program% mentione! b) "armer% !ring t&e II t&at t&e) "on! %e"l in getting tec&nical an! b%ine%% in"ormation on ca%%ava "arming an! proce%%ing. D&erea% t&e magaHine3%t)le program% incl!e "arming an! agrib%ine%% tip% to cover t&e i%%e% o" mo%t intere%t to t&eir li%tener%5 t&e ra!io %tation !erive% t&eir revene "rom companie% an! per%onalitie% t&at aim at %ing t&e target a!ience "or a!verti%ing or promotion prpo%e%. 4. "ee-&aed e!/i.e, ervice% oKere! to M>% a% !i%tinct %ervice% "or G&ic& t&e) pa) a "ee. >?ample% o" t&e%e in ot& (otabato are; -ra!er%/A%%embler%/(ooperative%; rental o" tractor5 c&ipping mac&ine5 !r)er5 an! granlator @aboratorie%; %oil anal)%i% 333 bt ptake %o "ar &a% been ver) loG !e%pite t&e relativel) loG "ee c&arge! "or t&e %ervice. 2. %tand-alone 1!ee e!/i.e< -&e%e %ervice% are provi!e! b) t&e ,epartment o" Agricltre5 (>MIAR(5 non3government organiHation%5 an! t&e provincial an! mnicipal local government nit%. -&e %ervice% compri%e! primaril) o" training an! e?ten%ion %ervice%. ome o" t&e %alient opportnitie% "or re"orm an! improvement in t&e !eliver) o" b%ine%% !evelopment %ervice% B,: are a% "olloG%; 1. #treac&5 !ept&5 an! brea!t& o" %ervice% are limite! "or bot& government an! vale c&ain ba%e! provi!er% oGing to re%orce con%traint%. 7%er% are incline! to pa) "or %ervice% %c& a% rental o" "acilitie% e.g.5 tractor%5 c&ipper%5 an! granlator:. Re%orce poor &o%e&ol!% are mo%t nlikel) to pa) "or training an! e?ten%ion %ervice% given t&e long tra!ition o" &eavil) %b%i!iHe! an! "ree %ervice%. @ikeGi%e5 man) o" t&e %mall&ol!er% G&o rgentl) nee! tec&nical an! b%ine%% !evelopment a%%i%tance are locate! in remote area%.
69 II/MB Final
In man) ca%e% t&og&5 interme!iarie% at t&e commnit) level are alrea!) provi!ing %ome "orm% o" B, to t&eir netGork o" %pplier%. =iven t&e above %cenario5 t&ere i% a nee! to complement t&e government an! MFI e?ten%ion %ervice% b) "acilitating t&e !evelopment o" an in!igeno% commnit)3ba%e! capacit) to provi!e %ervice% relate! to ca%%ava "arming an! proce%%ing. -&e b%ine%% !evelopment %ervice% %)%tem ma) be bilt on e?i%ting tra!e/marketing %trctre to "acilitate t&e JoG o" embe!!e! %ervice% to all actor% in t&e c&ain. -&e c&allenge i% &oG to motivate progre%%ive "armer% an! interme!iarie% to improve t&eir capacitie% an! capabilitie% in or!er to provi!e %cient %pport to t&eir %pplier%an! peer%a% a mean% o" improving bot& t&eir income%. trengt&ening o" ra!io program on ca%%ava "arming Gol! al%o "rt&er en&ance t&e JoG o" learning among '( actor% e%peciall) t&e p%tream pla)er%. *. >%tabli%&e! an! proven tec&nologie% "or ca%%ava pro!ction "or "oo! an! in!%trial %e% &avebeen !evelope! b) vario% government agencie%5 re%earc& in%tittion%5 private corporation% an! ot&er in!%tr) %take&ol!er%. Farmer% an! proce%%or%5 likeGi%e5 are ric& %orce% o" in"ormation an! can a%%i%t %ignicantl) in c%tomiHing goo! practice% accor!ing to t&eir %pecic conte?t% G&ic& col! potentiall) accelerate ptake an! a!option. -&e main Geakne%% t&og& i% t&e lack o" %)%tem o" tec&nolog) %orcing5 arc&iving5 %ite3 %pecic c%tomiHation5 an! broa!3ba%e! !i%%emination. @ikeGi%e5 t&ere i% a nee! to make t&e in"ormation ea%) to compre&en! %o t&at target %er% G&o are mo%tl) le%% e!cate! col! compre&en! an! %e t&em "or !eci%ion3 making. . -&e +&ilippine% i% con%i!ere! a% one o" t&e mo%t vlnerable contrie% to climate c&ange. Re!cing green&o%e ga% ==: emi%%ion% contine% to be critical to avoi! nmanageable climate c&ange5 bt '( actor% in t&e ot& (otabato vale c&ain m%t al%o bil! t&eir re%ilience to navoi!able an! ongoing climate c&ange b) managing climate3relate! impact% t&at t&reaten t&eir b%ine%%e%5 G&ile planning "or emerging market opportnitie%. -o enable ca%%ava '( pla)er% to pr%e green pgra!ing5 t&e) nee! acce%% to tec&nologie% t&at are; 3 3 3
(ompliant Git& improving ecienc) an! reneGable capacit) in term% o" Gater an! energ) %e Remove &arm"l c&emical% "rom pro!ction proce%%e% Re!ce t&e Ga%te "ootprint in t&e vale c&ain
-o en%re incl%ion an! "acilitate c&ainGi!e greening5 it i% important to make learning an! acOi%ition o" tec&nolog) ea%)5 aKor!able5 an! acce%%ible. tarting point% col! be t&e c%tomiHation o" FA#% ave an! =roGS gi!e "or ca%%ava to t&e ot& (otabato conte?t an! to bil! on t&e e?perience% o" progre%%ive '( pla)er% G&o &ave %tarte! to incorporate %%tainable pro!ction tec&nologie% in t&eir b%ine%%e%. 4. D&et&er %ervice% are embe!!e! or "ee3ba%e! or even "ree5 enterpri%e% an! mo%t e%peciall) %mall&ol!er% are more receptive to %ervice% Git& imme!iate impact on income. mall&ol!er% are generall) ver) ri%k a!ver%e re%lting to loG b)3in an! loG level o" neG tec&nolog) an! practice%. It i% t&ere"ore5 0 II/MB Final
recommen!e! t&at !e%ign an! !eliver) o" %ervice% %&ol! be linke! Git& marketing/market acce%% an! pla)er% ca%&3JoG %c&e!le%/c)cle%5 an! t&o%e !emon%tration% %&ol! be !one to orient t&em on t&e benet% o" tec&nolog) vi%3P3vi% income generation potential%. 2. Acce%% to !r)ing an! ot&er po%t&arve%t "acilitie% con%titte% a main con%traint among man) "armer%. =iven t&e &ig& peri%&abilit) o" ca%%ava an! t&e rapi! !eterioration o" Oalit)5 acce%% to po%t&arve%t "acilitie% i% critical. @ikeGi%e5 acce%% to po%t&arve%t "acilitie% al%o provi!e% incentive% "or "nction pgra!ing an! &ipp a!!ition.
1 II/MB Final
%e.tion 7, ENA;LIN# ENVIRONMENT A< "ORMAL RULE% RE#ULATION% AND POLICIE% BeloG are t&e ke) i%%e% t&at promote an!/or &in!er t&e !evelopment o" t&e ca%%ava in!%tr); 1. A %trong a!vocac) campaign i% nee!e! to groG an! %%tain t&e increa%e! acceptance an! %e o" ca%%ava "or "ee!%. +arallel to t&i% i% t&e nee! to improve price competitivene%% o" ca%%ava vi%3P3vi% ot&er "ee! crop% an! ot&er ca%%ava pro!cing contrie%. *. #ne o" t&e crop% mentione! in t&e Bio"el Act a% a po%%ible %orce o" bio"el i% ca%%ava. Among ot&er%5 t&e provi%ion% o" %ai! Bio"el laG o" t&e +&ilippine% incl!e incentive% to inve%tor% in enterpri%e% t&at Gill be involve! Git& pro!ction5 !i%tribtion an! %e o" locall) pro!ce! bio"el. (&ina %e% ca%%ava c&ip% primaril) "or it% bioet&anol pro!ction. -&i% can be an area t&at Min!anao can potentiall) e?plore an! promote a% an inve%tment priorit). . -&e e%tabli%&ment o" a ca%%ava Honing plan in eac& o" t&e region% Gill &elp to promote t&e $!icio% tiliHation o" lan! an! "acilitate t&e !evelopment o" cl%ter% "or improve! %ppl) c&ain collaboration an! collaboration. @ikeGi%e5 in line Git& t&e ,epartment o" Agricltre% !irective "or main%treaming o" climate c&ange in all program%5 t&ere i% a nee! to Gi!el) promote t&e a!option o" eco3ecient ca%%ava pro!ction an! proce%%ing %)%tem%. 4. +, 1960 192: provi!e! "or t&e "ormation o" cooperative% in or!er to ac&ieve economie% o" %cale in pro!ction5 marketing an! tra!ing. e) con%traint% in "orming viable cooperative% are t&e lack o" organiHational an! management %kill% an! Geak entreprenerial orientation.
;< IN"ORMAL RULE% AND %OCIO-CULTURAL NORM% 1. In "acilitating t&e improvement o" %ppl) c&ain collaboration an! coor!ination an! %trengt&ening o" &oriHontal collaboration5 t&e program can leverage t&e po%itive vale% o" TMala%akitT5 T i)aT5 T 7tang Na @oobT5 T +akiki3a)onT5 T Maaa%a&angagalinganT5 TatapatanT5 UUMala%akitT5 an! TagitinganT. -&e approac& i% to appeal to t&e in!ivi!al an! t&e gropU% &ig&er vale% an! collective %en%e o" T+agkakai%aT. It i% important to "acilitate t&e alignment o" in!ivi!al an! grop ob$ective%. *. In intro!cing improve! tec&nologie% an! "acilitating pgra!ing5 t&e tingiS or piecemeal mentalit) ma) be po%itivel) &arne%%e!. Breaking t&e pgra!ing or c&ange proce%% into %mall %tep% &a% a nmber o" a!vantage%. maller c&ange% are ea%ier to plan an! manage. D&en '( pla)er% e%peciall) "armer% look at a big c&ange5 t&e) are ea%il) overG&elme! b) t&e %iHe o" it. D&en t&ing% are broken !oGn into %maller piece%5 it !oe% not look a% %omet&ing t&at i% reall) ver) !iclt to !o. A pa%e betGeen %tage% give% time to re3t&ink * II/MB Final
an! re3plan. It al%o &elp% create a %en%e o" clo%re an! re!ce% ten!encie% to revert to ol! Ga)%. . Re%orce3poor "armer% are generall) ri%k a!ver%e. A% %c&5 it i% o"tentime% important to !emon%trate t&e viabilit) an! benet% o" t&e c&ange initiative or improve! tec&nolog). For activitie% to be eKective in re%olving !obt% an! &e%itation% o" "armer% an! ot&er '( pla)er%5 t&e%e %&ol!; a: provi!e %a"e %pace% "or reJection an! %åQ b: bil! relation%&ip%Q an! c: !evelop re%pon%e% ba%e! on per%onal e?perience%5 abilitie%5 an! perception%. 'i%it% an! interaction% Git& people e?&ibiting t&e !e%ire! be&avior an! !emon%tration "arm% can be ver) &elp"l in gi!ing target grop% toGar! an acceptable re%oltion o" t&eir !obt% abot t&e c&ange initiative. '( pla)er% e%peciall) "armer% %ee in"ormation "rom peer% G&o &ave n!ergone t&e proce%% a% more cre!ible t&an in"ormation "rom ot&er %orce%.
II/MB Final
%e.tion 8, CON%TRAINT% AND OPPORTUNITIE% Ta&le 4' < Cont!aint and Oppo!tunitie Oppo!tunitie
Cont!aint
P!o/in.e Num&e! indi.ate p!io!it3 !an5in$ o1 .ont!ainta deGned &3 pla3e! 0it2 a top .ont!aint
INPUT PROVI%ION 7%e o" goo! Oalit) planting material% "rom accre!ite! nr%erie% can %ignicantl) improve "arm pro!ctivit)
@ack o" acce%% to an! availabilit) o" %tea!) %ppl) o" planting material% ot&er t&an t&e 7 205 @akan 15 an! Ra)ong 2 Git&in t&e Recommen!e! varietie% pro?imit) o" ca%%ava o" ca%%ava approve! b) "arm% t&e National ee! In!%tr) (oncil @ack o" knoG3&oG to %et3 NI(: are i!eal "or p an eKective %)%tem vario% in!%trial %e% "or rapi! mltiplication beca%e o" t&eir an! !i%tribtion o" neG potentiall) &ig& root )iel! varietie% Git& &ig& )iel! an! &ig& root !r) matter potential5 &ig& &arve%t an! %tarc& content%. in!e?5 an! &ig& root %tarc& content -&ere are "armer% G&o %pecialiHe! in pro!ction @oG ptake/ a!option o" o" planting material% nr%er) pro!ce! planting material%
NIN7@A RN MIN,ANA# Bki!non : (amigin *: @anao !el Norte *: Mi%ami% #cci!ental *: Mi%ami% #riental *: ,A'A# R>=I#N ,avao !el Norte 1: ,avao !el r 1: ,avao #riental 1: (ompo%tela 'alle) 1: ,avao (it) 1: #((AR=>N Nort& (otabato *: arangani 1: ot& (otabato 1: ltan !arat 1: (ARA=A Ag%an !el Norte 1: Ag%an !el r 1: rigao !el Norte 1: rigao !el r 1: ARMM Ba%ilan 1: @anao !el r 1: Magin!anao 1: l 1: -aGi3taGi 1:
Given the vegetative propagation method used for cassava, availability of clean planting materials of high yielding materials for propagation is crucial to improve productivity and, hence, income generation capacity of farmers. Currently, cassava planting material are mostly multiplied at the farm level, and its purchase is a low priority investment among resource poor farmers due to any or
4 II/MB Final
Ta&le 4' < Cont!aint and Oppo!tunitie Oppo!tunitie
Cont!aint
P!o/in.e Num&e! indi.ate p!io!it3 !an5in$ o1 .ont!ainta deGned &3 pla3e! 0it2 a top .ont!aint
all of the following reasons:
3 Farmers especially smallholders do not have the capacity to pay upfront for planting materials 3 High transportation and handling costs which, at times , can be higher than the cost of the cuttings/stal per se 3 Cassava planning materials are fairly fragile and transport of planting material over long distances often resulted to high mortality. 3 !lanting materials available for commercialdistribution are of inconsistent "uality maing it di#cult for farmers to di$erentiate the bene%ts of using planting materials from previous harvests vis-&-vis nursery produced materials. 'his also implies the lac of technical sills among e(isting nurseries/multiplier farms and the wea compliance to standards. 3 )ac of appreciation of cost bene%t of the di$erent varieties and use of good "uality planting materials 3 High ris aversion 3 )ac of steady supply of good "uality planting materials. 'here are only a few cassava growers/nursery operators who have the ability to rapidly mass propagate the high yielding varieties. 'he above factors have reinforced smallholders* traditional practice to prepare planting materials from previous harvests. However, the continuous use from the same source alters the genetic mae-up of the planting material, thus lowering its capacity to germinate. +side from declining yield, the practice of using stals from own farm mae the crops vulnerable to pests and diseases. ven in provinces where yields are relatively high, availability of planting materials of high yielding varieties is a constraint. Farmers in these areas usually consider cassava as one of their main sources of income which maes the availability of planting materials more important.
7%e o" organic "ertiliHer can potentiall) lea! to L increa%e in )iel! in %b%eOent cropping% ba%e! on e?perience% o" "armer% in ot& (otabato 7%e o" "ertiliHer can &elp "armer% incrementall) re!ce t&e %e o" %)nt&etic "ertiliHer in %b%eOent cropping% an!5 a% %c&5 ct !oGn pro!ction co%t -&ere are pro!cer% o"
e?i%ting organic
ig& co%t nancial an! environment: o" c&emical "ertiliHer
NIN7@A
@imite! %ppl) o" organic "ertiliHer appropriate "or N#R->RN MIN,ANA# Bki!non 4: ca%%ava "arming (amigin : @anao !el Norte : Mi%ami% #cci!ental : Mi%ami% #riental :
@oG %e o" "ertiliHer/ @ack o" Gillingne%% to %pen! on "ertiliHer/@oG ,A'A# R>=I#N prc&a%ing capacit) ,avao !el Norte :
,avao !el r : ,avao #riental : (ompo%tela 'alle) : ,avao (it) : #((AR=>N
2 II/MB Final
Ta&le 4' < Cont!aint and Oppo!tunitie Oppo!tunitie
Cont!aint
P!o/in.e Num&e! indi.ate p!io!it3 !an5in$ o1 .ont!ainta deGned &3 pla3e! 0it2 a top .ont!aint
Nort& (otabato : arangani *: ot& (otabato *: ltan !arat *:
"ertiliHer an! an abn!ance o" %ppl) o" agri3Ga%te material% t&at can be %e! "or organic "ertiliHer pro!ction
(ARA=A Ag%an !el Norte *: Ag%an !el r *: rigao !el Norte *: rigao !el r *: ARMM Ba%ilan 2: @anao !el r 4: Magin!anao 4: l 2: -aGi3taGi 2:
Farmers apply fertilier but not necessarily in the ade"uate amounts or in the right proportion of , !, and especially among smallholders. +pplication of fertilier is of varying intensities determined mainly by their access to resources and not necessary related to soil nutrient re"uirements. Cassava generates marginal income under a low input production system but income 0returns1 can more than double with the proper use of fertiliers. +n emerging good practice that some farmers in 2outh Cotabato are doing is the gradual transition to organic cassava farming. 'he high prices of chemical inputs mae it almost impossible for farmers to access fertiliers. 3n areas lie )anao del 2ur, farmers have to source fertilier outside of the province due to cost consideration. 4n the other hand, there is an abundance of agri-waste materials that can be made into organic fertilier. 3n areas where organic fertilier is already commercially distributed, main issues of farmers are the lac of consistency in "uality and appropriateness of fertilier to cassava.
"ARMIN# A!option o" goo! agronomic practice% can contribte to )iel! inten%ication an! improve pro!ctivit)
@imite! otreac& e?i%ting provi!er%
o" NIN7@A
@ack o" knoG3&oG among provi!er% on %%tainable "arming practice%/ =oo! N#R->RN MIN,ANA# Bki!non : MFI &a% tec&nical Agricltral +ractice% (amigin 2: per%on% t&at can &elp in @anao !el Norte 2: capacit) bil!ing o" @oG a!option/ ptake o" Mi%ami% #cci!ental 2: potential commnit)3 improve! tec&nolog) an! Mi%ami% #riental 2: ba%e! trainor%. practice% %tainable ,A'A# R>=I#N Farming/=A+: ,avao !el Norte *: >?i%ting cooperative%5 ,avao !el r *: ,avao #riental *: tra!er% an! a%%embler% (ompo%tela 'alle) *: G&o oGn "acilitie% an! ,avao (it) *: provi!e %ervice% to
6 II/MB Final
Ta&le 4' < Cont!aint and Oppo!tunitie Oppo!tunitie
Cont!aint
P!o/in.e Num&e! indi.ate p!io!it3 !an5in$ o1 .ont!ainta deGned &3 pla3e! 0it2 a top .ont!aint
"armer% can be "rt&er !evelope! to provi!e a range o" e?ten%ion an! a!vi%or) %ervice% A%%embler% an! cooperative% G&o &ave been traine! in Oalit) %tan!ar!% compliance an! market reOirement% can potentiall) inJence %mall&ol!er% to a!opt goo! practice%
#((AR=>N Nort& (otabato 6: arangani 6: ot& (otabato 6: ltan !arat 6: (ARA=A Ag%an !el Norte 6: Ag%an !el r 6: rigao !el Norte 6: rigao !el r 6: ARMM Ba%ilan *: @anao !el r *: Magin!anao *: l *: -aGi3taGi *:
2mallholdersespecially those who are not members of cooperatives generally continue to practice production patterns they inherited from their family and they do not feel the need to change. 'he introduction of innovative methods is normally resisted, if not even completely re5ected. 6uality standards and practices that wor are not formally documented but rather based on gut feel and years of e(perience. )ac of well-de%ned standards and documentation of good practices result in poor consistency. Farmers generally have not conscientiously implemented an environmental management system in their farms. 2oil erosion control and fertility maintenance are now widely recognied as critical to sustainable income generation from cassava. 3mplementation of G+! and sustainable farming practices will re"uire changing the informal norms on how farmers typically managed their farms.+ campaign for the adoption of simpli%ed low cost Gap for cassava farming must be initiated to immediately resolve issues on production that a$ect "uality and yield, the productivity and pro%tability of cassava farms. 4utreach, depth, and breadth of e(tension services are limited for both government and value chain based providers owing to resource constraints. Farmers are inclined to pay for services such as rental of facilities 0e.g., tractors, chippers, and granulator1. 7esource poor households are most unliely to pay for training and e(tension services due to %nancial capacity issues and low appreciation of bene%ts. )iewise, many of the smallholders who urgently need technical and business development assistance are located in remote areas. 3n many cases though, intermediaries at the community level are already providing some forms of embedded e(tension services to their networ of suppliers. 'he current pool of providers, however, also need further capacity building assistance especially in relation to sustainable farming practices in order for them to pass on the now-how to their peers. 2mallholders need permanent access to providers to continuously improve their cultivation techni"ues and technology toimprove productivity.
PROCE%%IN# II/MB Final
Ta&le 4' < Cont!aint and Oppo!tunitie Oppo!tunitie
Cont!aint
P!o/in.e Num&e! indi.ate p!io!it3 !an5in$ o1 .ont!ainta deGned &3 pla3e! 0it2 a top .ont!aint
#n3"arm proce%%ing o" tber% into c&ip% %ing mobile mec&anical c&ipper. #n3%ite c&ip% pro!ction can re!ce tran%action% co%t "or all pla)er% involve!
@oG vale a!!ition among %mall&ol!er% ig& tran%portation co%t "or "re%& tber%
NIN7@A RN MIN,ANA# Bki!non *: (amigin 6: @anao !el Norte 6: Mi%ami% #cci!ental 6: Mi%ami% #riental 6: ,A'A# R>=I#N ,avao !el Norte : ,avao !el r : ,avao #riental : (ompo%tela 'alle) : ,avao (it) : #((AR=>N Nort& (otabato 4: arangani 4: ot& (otabato 4: ltan !arat 4: (ARA=A Ag%an !el Norte 2: Ag%an !el r 2: rigao !el Norte 2: rigao !el r 2:
8Fresh tubers have low value/bul ratio and are perishable. 9ue to its buliness, transportation costs comprise a signi%cant percentage in the mareting cost. 'o avoid losses from root deterioration and to minimie transport costs, chipping should ideally occur close to the production areas. hile chipping can be done manually, it is time-consuming and labour intensive and has signi%cant implications on price competitiveness and the ability to transform tubers into chips at the fastest possible time to avoid "uality deterioration. ;echanical chippers are often not available to most low income cassava farmers.
=roGing !eman! "or c&ip% an! granle% "ee!mill%: ma) motivate cooperative% to operate common %ervice "acilitie%. B)er% pre"er to b) c&ip% an! granle%. (&ina reOire% c&ip%.
@ack o" acce%% to po%t&arve%t "acilitie% @ack o" capacit) to compl) Git& =oo! Man"actring +ractice%
AM;OAN#A PENIN%ULA
Bki!non 1: (amigin 4: @anao !el Norte 4: Mi%ami% #cci!ental 4: Mi%ami% #riental 4: DAVAO RE#ION
,avao !el Norte 4: ,avao !el r 4: ,avao #riental 4: (ompo%tela 'alle) 4:
II/MB Final
Ta&le 4' < Cont!aint and Oppo!tunitie Oppo!tunitie
Cont!aint
P!o/in.e Num&e! indi.ate p!io!it3 !an5in$ o1 .ont!ainta deGned &3 pla3e! 0it2 a top .ont!aint
,avao (it) 4: %OCC%?%AR#EN
Nort& (otabato 1: arangani 2: ot& (otabato 2: ltan !arat 2: CARA#A
Ag%an !el Norte 4: Ag%an !el r 4: rigao !el Norte 4: rigao !el r 4:
9rying of cassava chips during the rainy season has always been a challenge for processors and farmers. 'o date, processorsand farmers rely on solar drying. )iewise, many of the solar dryers available in cassava producing areas are also used for other crops. +s such, farmers mae do with maeshift dryers who are prone to contamination to soil, dust, and other e(traneous matters in addition to longer drying time. Chips must be protected from contamination and should be dried as "uicly as possible to avoid mold growth. Chips with molds are re5ected. 'he ma5orities of losses during storage of chips are caused by e(posure to rain, insects, rats, termites, and mold. )osses from these traditional and maeshift storage facilities are very high, both in terms of "uantity and "uality. ;any of the farmers and provinces who can potentially participate in the feed supply chain are constrained by lac of postharvest facilities. ithout postharvest facilities, opportunities for value addition i s low. )iewise, transport cost of fresh tubers is high maing it %nancially unviable for farmers to deliver to buying stations and/or feed mills. +nimal feed is generally more vulnerable to "uality problems, notably problems of microbial and mycoto(in contamination arising from poor handling and drying during primary processing. 'he maret demands good "uality cassava chips, free from any contamination. ;any of the "uality problems and resulting price discounts faced by processors can be traced to non-conformance to Good ;anufacturing !ractices and constraints related to drying of cassava chips especially during the rainy season.
=roGing live%tock in!%tr) in area%/ =roGer% looking "or alternative loG co%t goo! Oalit) &alal "ee!%
,icltie% to meet price %trctre o" "ee! mill% crrentl) prc&a%ing ca%%ava !e to remotene%% o" area% "rom !eliver) %tation%/"actorie%
ARMM Ba%ilan : @anao !el r 2: Magin!anao 2: l : -aGi3taGi :
@oG vale a!!ition an! !anger o" over%ppl) o" ca%%ava !e to lack o" e?ternal tra!e 9 II/MB Final
Ta&le 4' < Cont!aint and Oppo!tunitie Oppo!tunitie
Cont!aint
P!o/in.e Num&e! indi.ate p!io!it3 !an5in$ o1 .ont!ainta deGned &3 pla3e! 0it2 a top .ont!aint
'here was an attempt in the past to e(plore the viability of producing chips and granules for 2;F3. Financial analysis though showed that cost structure would mae it di#cult for venture to be a viable proposition for 2;F3 and the farmers. 4n the other hand, the three island provinces and +7;; as a whole do not have a feed milling facility in the area. 'he island provinces, however, have ample production of cassava and other raw materials needed for village level halal feed production. 'his would mitigate riss of oversupply of cassava, lower the cost of livestoc raising, and enable the areas to tae advantage of the huge maret opportunities for halal products.
=roGing !eman! "or ca%%ava grate% among M%lim commnitie% in t&e +&ilippine%5 aba&5 an! Mala)%ia
@ack o" acce%% to =M+ an! alal compliant proce%%ing "acilitie% &ort %&el" li"e o" pro!ct%
ARMM Ba%ilan 4: @anao !el r 6: Magin!anao 6: l : -aGi3taGi :
(a%%ava "oo! pro!ct% can potentiall) be @oG level o" pro!ct po%itione! a% &ealt&)/ !evelopment/ Deak glten3"ree "oo! G&ic& bran!ing &a% a groGing !eman! bot& in local an! e?port market 'raditional processing methods are oftentimes ine#cient with low turnover, and generally do not comply with food safety standards. Finished product safety is not guaranteed due to non- availability of standards and limited to no access to G;! and halal compliant facilities. !oor pacaging and storage contribute to "uality deterioration. )iewise, there has been limited investment in product development to mae the products attractive to a wider maret segments. +lthough products en5oy a high demand, marets are generally con%ned within the localities and neighboring municipalities/provinces. ithout G;! certi%cation, processors cannot be granted a )icense to 4perate which is needed to sell to institutional marets. Failure to ade"uately develop production and mareting systems for cassava-based ;uslim delicacies has for many years limited the contribution of this processing sector to economic growth and poverty reduction.
MAR?ETIN# =oo! roa!% can re!ce co%t o" tran%action%
+@=7%/M@=7% lack nancial capacit) to con%trct an!/or pgra!e roa!%
AM;OAN#A PENIN%ULA
Bki!non 2: (amigin 1: @anao !el Norte 1: Mi%ami% #cci!ental 1: Mi%ami% #riental 1:
0 II/MB Final
Ta&le 4' < Cont!aint and Oppo!tunitie Oppo!tunitie
Cont!aint
P!o/in.e Num&e! indi.ate p!io!it3 !an5in$ o1 .ont!ainta deGned &3 pla3e! 0it2 a top .ont!aint
DAVAO RE#ION
,avao !el Norte 2: ,avao !el r 2: ,avao #riental 2: (ompo%tela 'alle) 2: ,avao (it) 2: %OCC%?%AR#EN
Nort& (otabato 2: arangani : ot& (otabato : ltan !arat : CARA#A
Ag%an !el Norte : Ag%an !el r : rigao !el Norte : rigao !el r : ARMM
@anao !el r : Magin!anao :
+ signi%cant number of farms are located in areas where roads are unpaved and, oftentimes, narrow for trucs to pass. 'here is a signi%cant di$erence in the cost of moving goods in rural areas on dirt roads as opposed to on paved roads. 'his di$erence is usually re
Min!anao can potentiall) &ave G&ole )ear ron! pro!ction o" ca%%ava pro!ct% an! avoi! pro!ction glt% re%lting to loG price%
Deak %ppl) c&ain planning an! cooperation
NIN7@A RN MIN,ANA# Bki!non 6: (amigin : @anao !el Norte : Mi%ami% #cci!ental : Mi%ami% #riental : ,A'A# R>=I#N ,avao !el Norte 6: ,avao !el r 6: ,avao #riental 6: (ompo%tela 'alle) 6: ,avao (it) 6: #((AR=>N Nort& (otabato : arangani : ot& (otabato : ltan !arat : (ARA=A
1 II/MB Final
Ta&le 4' < Cont!aint and Oppo!tunitie Oppo!tunitie
Cont!aint
P!o/in.e Num&e! indi.ate p!io!it3 !an5in$ o1 .ont!ainta deGned &3 pla3e! 0it2 a top .ont!aint
Ag%an !el Norte : Ag%an !el r : rigao !el Norte : rigao !el r : ARMM Ba%ilan 6: @anao !el r : Magin!anao : l 6: -aGi3taGi 6:
!rocessors are usually faced with issues of high supply during harvest season prompting them to wor in shifts and no to limited supply during planting season which results to underutiliation of capacity. 2imilarly, assemblers have problems in storage and granulation during harvest season. Farmers. 4n the other hand, earns income from cassava on an annual basis. 'hese issues stem from uncoordinated production planning and the lac of demonstration on how year round production can potentially be undertaen.
%e.tion 9, COMPETITIVENE%% DIRECTION% A
"i$u!e 7< %3nt2ei o1 Caa/a Value C2ain Competiti/ene Viion in
Mindanao "i$u!e 8< %3nt2ei o1 Caa/a Value C2ain Competiti/ene Viion in ARMM
II/MB Final
-&e "olloGing are t&e %pecic in!%tr) c&ange% reOire! to boo%t t&e competitivene%% o" t&e ca%%ava %b%ector parallel to en&ancing it% contribtion to t&e "oo! %ecrit) %tat% o" it% pro!cer% an! con%mer%; 3
Improve! %ppl)5 acce%%5 an! %e o" co%t3ecient "ertiliHer an! ot&er inpt%5
goo! Oalit) planting material%5
3
Improve! JoG an! Oalit) o" embe!!e! e?ten%ion %ervice% an! a!option o" %%tainable "arming practice%
3
Increa%e in nmber o" ca%%ava pro!cing area% Git& acce%% to =M+ compliant po%t&arve%t "acilitie% to en%re con%i%tent pro!ction o" &ig& Oalit) c&ip% an! granle% an! enable "armer% to engage in vale a!!ition
3
Availabilit) an! acce%% to improve! proce%%ing tec&nologie%5 pro!ct !evelopment %ervice%5 an! =M+ an! alal compliant common %ervice "acilitie% "or ca%%ava3ba%e! "oo! pro!ction to "acilitate pgra!ing o" e?i%ting enterpri%e% an! tran%"orm "armer% into entreprener% t&rog& collective enterpri%e%
3
>%tabli%&ment o" &alal village level "ee! milling "acilitie% in ARMM to promote $!icio% tiliHation o" ca%%ava an! mitigate ri%k% o" over%ppl) parallel to re!cing co%t o" live%tock pro!ction an! to la) t&e gron!Gork "or pro!ction o" &alal certie! meat pro!ct%
3
Improve! "arm to market roa!% 4
II/MB Final
3
Improve! pro!ction planning an! %ppl) c&ain coor!ination
;< PRIORIT+ CON%TRAINT%OPPORTUNITIE% AND INTERVENTION% ,raGing on n!ing% "rom t&e en! market% an! vale c&ain anal)%i% an! t&e reOire! in!%tr) c&ange% i!entie! b) '( actor% an! %take&ol!er%5 beloG are t&e propo%e! intervention %trategie% an! approac&e% to improve market competitivene%% o" t&e Min!anao ca%%ava in!%tr) G&ile promoting broa!3ba%e! groGt& an! climate c&ange re%ilience. +rioritiHation o" intervention% "or eac& o" t&e region% in Min!anao i% pre%ente! in Anne?e% 1 to 6 G&ile %pecic approac&e% "or eac& province are in!icate! in -able 4. INPUT PROVI%ION
1. ,evelopment o" local capacit) "or pro!ction o" "on!ation %ee!% an! it% mltiplication an! t&e commercial !i%tribtion o" planting material% "i$u!e 9< %ample Inte!/ention Model to "a.ilitate "a!me!K A..e to #ood ualit3 Plantin$ Mate!ial
(a%%ava Gill remain a competitive in!%trial crop onl) i" "armer% obtain &ig& )iel!% at loG pro!ction co%t% b) t&e %e o" &ig& )iel!ing varietie% an! goo! pro!ction practice%. -o "acilitate t&e Gi!er !iK%ion o" goo! varietie%5 t&ere i% a 2 II/MB Final
nee! to !evelop reliable capacit) "or mltiplication an! commercial !i%tribtion o" planting material% Git& t&e "olloGing c&aracteri%tic%; i: &ig& )iel! potential5 in term% o" !r) matter an! %tarc&Q ii: earl) &arve%tabilit) Q iii: &ig& re%i%tance to pe%t% an! !i%ea%e%Q an! iv: a!apte! to t&e gra%%lan!%/aci!ic an! in"ertile %oil. -&i% Gill involve en&ancing local capacitie% to pro!ce planting material% in %cient Oantitie% accor!ing to local !eman!% an! Oalit) %tan!ar!% a% Gell a% !i%tribting t&i% on time an! at aKor!able price%. A!vantage% o" commnit)3 ba%e! pro!ction %)%tem incl!e it% acce%%ibilit)5 co%t3eKectivene%%5 an! %itabilit) to "armer% nee!% an! local agro3ecological con!ition%. ig& )iel!ing cltivar% Gill contribte to &ig&er pro!ctivit) an!5 con%eOentl)5 loGer pro!ction co%t an! improve price competitivene%% o" ca%%ava vi%3P3vi% ot&er "ee! grain%. A &ig& root !r) matter content Gill re%lt to re!ction in proce%%ing co%t. 'arietie% Git& %&orter cltre perio! Gill increa%e t&e opportnitie% "or crop rotation an!5 con%eOentl)5 more ecient lan! %e an! improvement o" %oil "ertilit) a% Gell a% re!ce! %oil ero%ion. ig& re%i%tance to pe%t% an! !i%ea%e% Gill contribte to increa%e! )iel!% an! loGer e?pen%e% "or pe%tici!e%. It i% al%o anticipate! t&at pre%%re on lan! Gill increa%ingl) p%& ca%%ava into more "ragile eco%)%tem%. A% %c&5 availabilit) o" ca%%ava varietie% a!apte! to t&e gra%%lan!%/aci!ic an! in"ertile %oil i% important. -o en%re %%tainable acce%% to Oalit) %ee! an! nece%%ar) tec&nical a%%i%tance5 it i% nece%%ar) to bil! an intervention mo!el t&at a%%i%t% to !evelop market% "or goo! Oalit) planting material% an! encorage% "armer% to a!opt better cltivation met&o!% %ite! to t&eir local con!ition%. ,evelopment o" a vibrant market %all) reOire% bot& !eman! an! %ppl) %i!e intervention%. -&e "olloGing are t&e propo%e! intervention% to bil! reliable %ppl) o" planting material%; a: et3p an!/or pgra!ing o" e?i%ting mltiplication "arm%/nr%erie%. 7pgra!ing o" e?i%ting mltiplication "arm% Gill be primaril) geare! toGar!% &elping t&em !iver%i") into t&e propagation o" improve! &ig& )iel!ing varietie%5 compl) Git& accre!itation reOirement%5 an! e%tabli%&ment o" eKective %)%tem "or rapi! mltiplication. Availabilit) o" planting material% Git&in t&e pro?imit) o" ca%%ava "arm% i% crcial given t&at ctting% are ver) prone to !r)ing ot G&ic& compromi%e% germination rate% an! to re!ce tran%port co%t%. b: ,evelopment o" nancial pro!ct "or intere%te! inve%tor% in nr%er) operation% in collaboration Git& MFI%/bank%. Dork Git& MFI%/bank% in t&e !evelopment o" nancial pro!ct "or intere%te! inve%tor% in nr%er) operation%. c: ,i%%emination o" %cce%% %torie% an! b%ine%% mo!el% to attract private %ector inve%tment. +eople are more likel) to inve%t G&en t&e) %ee a %cce%%"l mo!el an! G&en t&e) !o not &ave to %tart "rom %cratc&. -&i% al%o bil!% on t&e me3tooS mentalit). =iven t&at "armer% are generall) not %e! to prc&a%ing planting material%5 intervention% are nee!e! to create eKective !eman!< -&e !evelopment o" eKective !eman! "or nr%er) pro!ce! planting material% n!erline% t&e nee! to pt more "oc% on rai%ing n!er%tan!ing on t&e benet an! availabilit) o" neG 6 II/MB Final
an! improve! ca%%ava varietie%. BeloG are %ome o" t&e !eman! %i!e% intervention% t&at pro$ect can implement; a: Implementation o" voc&er program or +lant NoG +a) @ater %c&eme an! ot&er %imilar tool% or mec&ani%m% to %timlate r%t time prc&a%e an! loGer ri%k aver%ion. -&i% intervention can be targete! to "armer% G&o &ave never prc&a%e! ca%%ava planting material% "rom nr%erie% in &i%/&er entire )ear% o" "arming. In a voc&er program5 a targete! "armer i% given a voc&er G&ic& &e/%&e can e?c&ange "or planting material% "rom pro$ect %pporte! an! accre!ite! provi!er%. -&e provi!er% in trn re!eem t&e voc&er% "or ca%& pa)ment "rom t&e pro$ect. -&e voc&er can be "or a certain percentage o" t&e co%t o" planting material% an! "armer &a% to pa) "or t&e remaining balance !irectl) to provi!er%. In %ome ca%e%5 voc&er% can %erve a% pro!ction cre!it5 Git& repa)ment e?pecte! at %ome later !ate. -&e voc&er can al%o be eKective in encoraging nr%erie% to inve%t in pgra!ing to Oali") "or accre!itation. It can al%o a%%i%t neGl) %et3p nr%erie% to bil! p clientele an! %tabiliHe t&eir ca%& JoG. 'oc&er program% generall) incl!e; i: a mec&ani%m "or targeting recipient% an! !i%tribtion o" voc&er% incl!ing monitoring o" otcome% an! impact at "armer% levelQ ii: a %)%tem "or accre!itation o" nr%erie% or provi!er%Q an! ii: a mec&ani%m "or managing t&e ca%& re!emption o" voc&er%. b: pport in t&e !evelopment o" b%ine%% mo!el% appropriate to prc&a%ing abilitie% o" "armer client% an! it% operationaliHation. +a)ing t&e tre co%t o" inpt% &elp% "armer% to correctl) b!get t&eir pro!ction co%t%. In a!!ition5 "armer% ten! to n!ervale "ree inpt%5 %o c&arging a price Gill encorage "armer% to vale t&e%e goo!% appropriatel). +ro$ect5 &oGever5 %&ol! a%%i%t nr%erie% in t&e !evelopment o" pa)ment %c&eme% t&at Gol! be aligne! to t&e ca%& JoG o" "armer%. c: >%tabli%&ment o" !emon%tration "arm% a% vene "or learning an! to %&oGca%e benet% o" %ing goo! Oalit) planting material%. FolloGing t&e to %ee i% to believeS mentalit) prevalent among man) "armer%5 "armer a%%e%%ment an! n!er%tan!ing o" ca%%ava planting material per"ormance i% mo%t eKective via on3"arm evalation G&ere t&e latter can %ee t&e p&)%iological make3p o" t&e plant t&rog& a%%e%%ing t&e %tock %orce o" ctting:5 lea"5 an! root !evelopment. -o %timlate "armer% to %e neG an! improve! varietie%5 it i% al%o o"tentime% nece%%ar) to b) !oGn perceive! ri%k%. !: ,evelopment o" capacit) o" nr%er) operator% to provi!e tec&nical a%%i%tance to "armer3client%. -&i% i% a mean% o" b)ing !oGn ri%k% o" "armer% an!5 at t&e %ame time5 bil!ing t&eir con!ence on t&e pro!ct%. B) &elping t&eir client% to %ccee!5 t&e nr%erie% are la)ing t&e gron!Gork in bil!ing t&e market% "or t&eir planting material%. *. trengt&ening o" local %ppl) c&ain% o" organic "ertiliHer an! !evelopment o" eKective !eman! 7%e o" organic "ertiliHer% an! bio3pe%tici!e% i% le%% co%tl)5 environmentall) "rien!l)5 an! re!ce% t&e &aHar! in&erent in t&e application o" %)nt&etic agroc&emical%. -&e propo%e! intervention %trateg) involve% t&e e%tabli%&ment an!/or %trengt&ening o" local capacit) to commerciall) pro!ce an! !i%tribte organic "ertiliHer an! t&e promotion o" t&e eKective an! $!icio% %e o" "ertiliHer %o t&at "armer% can get t&e optimal benet% "rom t&e %e o" t&e%e inpt%. -&e II/MB Final
%et3p or %trengt&ening o" organic "ertiliHer enterpri%e% &a% t&ree main ob$ective%5 namel); a: -o pro!ce premim Oalit) organic "ertiliHer %pecicall) "or ca%%ava %ing Ga%te material% an! at a co%t aKor!able to %mall&ol!erQ b: -o contribte to %oli! Ga%te management an! re!ction o" green&o%e ga%e% "rom lan!ll% t&rog& compo%ting o" "arm Ga%te%Q c: -o provi!e income generation opportnitie% "or "arming &o%e&ol!% t&rog& participation in t&e ventre a% co3oGner% o" t&e b%ine%%5 Ga%te collector%5 Gorker%5 an! retailer%. It i% critical t&at empoGering "armer% in ba%ic principle% o" ca%%ava ntrition an! management n!erpin% !eman! creation intervention%. FertiliHer %e alone !oe% not increa%e crop )iel!%Q it m%t be %e! properl). +romotion o" "ertiliHer %e m%t be complemente! Git& e?ten%ion %ervice% to en%re t&at "ertiliHer% &ave t&e correct "ormlation to meet local %oil nee!%5 are applie! in t&e correct amont an! at t&e optimal point in t&e planting c)cle5 an! are %e! along%i!e complementar) inpt% %c& a% improve! %ee!. Dit&ot proper application5 "ertiliHer %e can actall) !ecrea%e protabilit) b) creating a %ignicant a!!e! co%t Git&ot a corre%pon!ing increa%e in crop )iel!%. A% %c&5 in a!!ition to a%%i%ting "ertiliHer pro!cer% to %cale p t&eir pro!ction capacitie%5 t&e) m%t al%o be capacitate! to !eliver a!vi%or) %ervice% to t&eir "armer client%. It ma) al%o be po%%ible to integrate %oil te%ting %ervice% Git& "ertiliHer !i%tribtion. FertiliHer !eman! m%t be promote! Git& an integrate! approac& to increa%ing t&e protable %e o" "ertiliHer b) "armer%t&rog& e?ten%ion %ervice%5 an! linking "armer% to otpt market%. ,eman! "or "ertiliHer ma) be %timlate! t&rog& t&e "olloGing approac&e%; i: !emo "arm% &ig&lig&ting organic "ertiliHer %e an! appropriate crop an! %oil managementQ ii: point3o"3%ale knoGle!ge tran%"erQ iii: voc&er program%Q an! iv: tri3me!ia !i%%emination o" emerging goo! practice% an! %cce%% %torie%. FAR it i% critical t&at empoGering "armer% in ba%ic principle% o" ca%%ava ntrition an! management n!erpin% !eman! creation intervention%. FertiliHer %e alone !oe% not increa%e crop )iel!%Q it m%t be %e! properl). +romotion o" "ertiliHer %e m%t be complemente! Git& e?ten%ion %ervice% to en%re t&at "ertiliHer% &ave t&e correct "ormlation to meet local %oil nee!%5 are applie! in t&e correct amont an! at t&e optimal point in t&e planting c)cle5 an! are %e! along%i!e complementar) inpt% %c& a% improve! %ee!. Dit&ot proper application5 "ertiliHer %e can actall) !ecrea%e protabilit) b) creating a %ignicant a!!e! co%t Git&ot a corre%pon!ing increa%e in crop )iel!%. A% %c&5 in a!!ition to a%%i%ting "ertiliHer pro!cer% to %cale p t&eir pro!ction capacitie%5 t&e) m%t al%o be capacitate! to !eliver a!vi%or) %ervice% to t&eir "armer client%. It ma) al%o be po%%ible to integrate %oil te%ting %ervice% Git& "ertiliHer !i%tribtion. FertiliHer !eman! m%t be promote! Git& an integrate! approac& to increa%ing t&e protable %e o" "ertiliHer b) "armer%t&rog& e?ten%ion %ervice%5 an! linking "armer% to otpt market%. ,eman! "or "ertiliHer ma) be %timlate! t&rog& t&e "olloGing approac&e%; i: !emo "arm% &ig&lig&ting organic "ertiliHer %e an! appropriate crop an! %oil managementQ ii: point3o"3%ale knoGle!ge tran%"erQ iii: voc&er program%Q an! iv: tri3me!ia !i%%emination o" emerging goo! practice% an! %cce%% %torie%. II/MB Final
"ARMIN#
. trengt&ening o" e?i%ting provi!er% o" embe!!e! %ervice% an!/or !evelopment o" embe!!e! mo!el% to tran%"er t&e nee!e! %kill%5 knoG3&oG5 an! in"ormation to enable "armer% to a!opt %%tainable pro!ction practice% an! improve pro!ctivit) Agricltre &a% %ignicant environmental !imen%ion. ,iKerent agricltral practice% can eit&er &arm or contribte to a%pect% o" t&e environment %c& a% bio!iver%it)5 t&e climate5 %oil5 an! Gater. (a%%ava "armer% are bot& aKecte! b) an! contribte to climate c&ange an! environmental !egra!ation. %tainable "arming practice% an! =A+ can trn t&e%e c&allenge% into area% "or groGt&. -o "acilitate acce%% o" "armer% to e?ten%ion %ervice%5 a plrali%tic e?ten%ion %)%tem i% propo%e! to matc& competencie% an! %trctre% Git& particlar market %egment% or target grop%. ,iver%it) o" e?ten%ion provi%ion5 "rom government e?ten%ion ocer% to commnit)3ba%e! an! vale c&ain3ba%e! provi!er% e.g.5 tra!er%5 lea! "armer%5 cooperative%:5 Gill give "armer% greater c&oice o" %orce% o" in"ormation5 knoGle!ge5 an! %kill% to %pport t&e long3term %%tainabilit) o" t&eir "arming. Dorking Git& a Gi!e range o" provi!er% Gill al%o tran%late into &ig&er otreac& an! &aving a Gi!e variet) o" %ervice% !evelope! in t&e market "rom G&ic& "armer% can c&oo%e. (apacit) bil!ing o" potential provi!er% e.g. progre%%ive "armer% Git&in t&e commnit): o" e?ten%ion %ervice% ma) incl!e %pport in t&e e%tabli%&ment o" !emon%tration plot% t&at can al%o be %e! a% vene% "or learning. ,emon%tration plot% t&at mirror t&e con!ition% t&at "armer% actall) "ace can be poGer"l tool% to initiate an! incentiviHe c&ange. -o minimiHe ri%k o" aban!onment o" c&ange proce%% b) t&e pla)er%5 it i% important to %tart Git& Oick Gin% an! %e% a bil!ing block approac&. NeG tec&nologie% an! agronomic package% m%t be !e%igne! to t t&e agro3 ecological environment a% Gell a% "armer% re%orce mi?5 ri%k prole%5 an! %cale o" operation. @ikeGi%e5 t&e participation o" ke) pla)er% "rom "armer% to b)er%: in t&e !evelopment o" mo!le% can "o%ter oGner%&ip an! en%re it% relevance an! appropriatene%% to local conte?t an! market reOirement%. PROCE%%IN#
4.
,evelopment o" mobile peeling5 c&ipping5 an! !r)ing %)%tem aron! cl%ter o" "arm% in remote area%:
In vieG o" it% limite! %&el" li"e an! blkine%%5 ca%%ava proce%%ing %&ol! occr clo%e to t&e pro!ction area%. Anot&er approac& i% to %pee! p proce%%ing b) bringing t&e proce%%ing "acilitie% to t&e "arm in t&e "orm o" mobile mec&anical c&ipper an! peeler. -&i% Gol! re%lt to loGer tran%portation co%t5 better Oalit) pro!ction5 an! greater %&are o" t&e margin in t&e c&ain among "armer%. +eele! ca%%ava c&ip% comman! a &ig&er price in t&e !ome%tic market. 2. >%tabli%&ment o" =M+ compliant common %ervice "acilitie% "or c&ipping5 !r)ing5 granlation5 an! Gare&o%ing
9 II/MB Final
-&e intervention %trateg) i% aime! at enabling "armer% an! t&eir cooperative% to engage in t&e pro!ction o" &ig& Oalit) c&ip% an! granle%. Availabilit) an! acce%% to proce%%ing "acilitie% Git&in t&e pro?imit) o" ca%%ava "arming area% Gill al%o re!ce &aling an! tran%port co%t% o" "armer% an! b)er% an! ri%k% o" Oalit) !eterioration. -&i% Gill entail t&e e%tabli%&ment o" =M+ compliant common %ervice "acilitie%an! a pool o" local provi!er% to provi!e &an!%3on training an! mentoring to %er% o" t&e (F. -&e common %ervice "acilitie% ma) al%o be operate! n!er a toll proce%%ing %c&eme G&ere "armer% or neig&boring coop% retain oGner%&ip o" t&eir c&ip% or granle% an! pa) "or t&e %e o" t&e "acilitie% an! t&e %ervice%. 6. ,evelopment o" local capacit) to commerciall) pro!ce loG co%t &ig& Oalit) &alal "ee!% -&i% intervention %trateg) i% aime! at !eveloping a neG market "or ca%%ava in -aGi3taGi5 l5 an! Ba%ilan b) a!!re%%ing t&e nee! "or &alal "ee!% "or t&e groGing live%tock %b%ector in t&e%e area%. -&i% i% in anticipation o" increa%e! pro!ction o" ca%%ava at loGer per nit co%t a% a re%lt o" t&e pro!ctivit) en&ancement mea%re% t&at Gill be implemente!. @ikeGi%e5 t&i% can potentiall) catal)He ARMM% entr) into t&e &alal Gorl! market in t&e me!im term. -&e viabilit) o" t&i% %trateg) &a% to be "rt&er %t!ie! an! an inventor) &a% to be ma!e on potential "ee! ingre!ient% t&at can be %orce! "rom t&e region. (a%%ava %all) compri%e% onl) *0L o" t&e "ee! "ormlation an! ot&er ingre!ient% are nee!e! to en%re t&at "ee!% met t&e ntrition reOirement%. . (ommercialiHation o" e?i%ting ca%%ava grate% ba%e! pro!ct% t&at &ave been proven to be %aleable -&i% %trateg) involve% t&e mo!erniHation an! commercial pgra!ing o" t&e proce%%e% an! eOipment a% a mean% o" improving %&el" li"e5 pro!ct Oalit)5 an! price competitivene%% G&ile %till retaining t&e tra!itional attribte% o" t&e "oo! pro!ct% crcial to con%mer acceptance. -&i% can be carrie! ot t&rog& t&e e%tabli%&ment o" a alal an! =M+ compliant toll proce%%ing cm training "acilit). Bran!ing an! market !evelopment %pport Gill al%o be crcial. ARMM can al%o potentiall) e?pan! into t&e pro!ction o" ca%%ava ba%e! proce%%e! %nack "oo! targeting bot& t&e &alal an! &ealt&) "oo! market%. MAR?ETIN#
. 7pgra!ing to "arm3to3market roa!% -&i% Gill involve pgra!ing o" "arm3to3market roa!% G&ic& Gol! "acilitate acce%% to inpt% an! otpt market%. -&e blk)5 loG3vale5 an! peri%&able natre o" t&e crop reOire% an ecient tran%portation netGork "or tra!e to be viable. 9. Improvement o" coor!ination an! pro!ction planning betGeen ca%%ava "armer% an! proce%%or% -&ere i% a nee! to !e%ign a ca%%ava %ppl) management %)%tem to coor!inate pro!ction5 &arve%ting5 an! collection o" ca%%ava to enable plant% to reac& 0L to 100L capacit) tiliHation. BeloG are t&e propo%e! intervention approac&e%; 90 II/MB Final
a: -ec&nical an! nancial %pport in t&e !evelopment an! piloting o" in"ormation %)%tem on market !eman! "oreca%t an! corre%pon!ing ca%%ava %ppl) reOirement% G&ic& Gill &elp "armer% !etermine appropriate "arm maintenance %)%tem an! &arve%t %c&e!le% b: -ec&nical an! nancial a%%i%tance in t&e mapping ca%%ava pro!ction area% an! it% planting an! &arve%t %c&e!le% incl!ing pro$ecte! )iel! a% ba%i% in "orging a!vance lot prc&a%e agreement% betGeen interme!iarie% an! "armer% Git& price in!e? calclation% tran%parent to all partie% concerne!. c: -ec&nical a%%i%tance in t&e !evelopment an! promotion o" mo!lar "arming among "armer% to en%re )ear ron! pro!ction an! &arve%t Be&avior c&ange intervention% ma) al%o be nece%%ar) to "acilitate a!option o" mo!lar "arming an! in t&e promotion o" improve! %ppl) c&ain governance. -&e "ormation o" ca%%ava cl%ter% Gol! al%o &elp in improving %ppl) c&ain coor!ination.
91 II/MB Final
Ta&le 44< %umma!3 o1 Cont!aintOppo!tunitie and Inte!/ention "o! !an5in$ and p!io!iti>ation o1 inte!/ention t!ate$3 pe! p!o/in.e pleae ee Anne=e to 7< Oppo!tunitieCont!ain t
P!o/in.e
Inte!/ention %t!ate$3 and App!oa.2
@2o Can Do It Pu&li.
P!i/ate
INPUT PROVI%ION @ack o" acce%% to an! availabilit) o" %tea!) %ppl) o" planting material% ot&er t&an t&e 7 205 @akan 15 an! Ra)ong 2 Git&in t&e pro?imit) o" ca%%ava "arm%
Intervention% 1 to "or all region%/province%
@ack o" knoG3&oG to %et3p an eKective %)%tem "or rapi! mltiplication an! !i%tribtion o" neG varietie% Git& &ig& )iel! potential5 &ig& &arve%t in!e?5 an! &ig& root %tarc& content
NORTHERN MINDANAO Bki!non (amigin @anao !el Norte Mi%ami% #cci!ental Mi%ami% #riental
@oG ptake/ a!option o" nr%er) pro!ce! planting material% #pportnitie%
AM;OAN#A PENIN%ULA
DAVAO RE#I ON ,avao !el Norte ,avao !el r ,avao #riental (ompo%tela 'alle) ,avao (it) %OCC%?%AR#EN Nort& (otabato arangani ot& (otabato ltan !arat
7%e o" goo! Oalit) planting material% "rom accre!ite! nr%erie% can CARA#A %ignicantl) improve "arm Ag%an !el Norte Ag%an !el r pro!ctivit)
,evelopment o" local capacit) "or pro!ction o" "on!ation %ee!% an! it% mltiplication an! t&e commercial !i%tribtion o" planting material% 1: et3p an!/or pgra!ing a%%i%tance to mltiplication "arm%/nr%erie% to!iver%i") into t&e propagation o" improve! &ig& )iel!ing varietie%5 compl) Git& accre!itation reOirement%5 an! e%tabli%&ment o" eKective %)%tem "or rapi! mltiplication.
,A/+R,+ Financial an! tec&nical a%%i%tance
M@=7/+@=7 @an! an! eOit) -ec&nical an! monitoring %pport Implementation o" voc&er %)%tem or *: pport in t&e !evelopment o" %imilar b%ine%% mo!el% appropriate to mec&ani%m prc&a%ing abilitie% o" "armer client% an! it% operationaliHation B+I -ec&nical : Implementation o" voc&er a%%i%tance program or +lant NoG +a) @ater R an! , %c&eme an! ot&er %imilar tool or mec&ani%m to %timlate r%t time prc&a%e an! loGer ri%k aver%ion
Farmer%/ (oop% Nr%er) operator an! mltiplication "arm% +rovi!er o" e?ten%ion %ervice% Me!ia ,i%%emination o" %cce%% %torie% an! emerging goo! practice% Fee!mill%/ A%%embler% +romotion an! tec&nolog) %pport MFI%/Bank Financial %ervice%
4: et3p o" !emon%tration "arm% to %&oGca%e benet% o" %ing planting material% "rom nr%erie% 9*
Ta&le 44< %umma!3 o1 Cont!aintOppo!tunitie and Inte!/ention "o! !an5in$ and p!io!iti>ation o1 inte!/ention t!ate$3 pe! p!o/in.e pleae ee Anne=e to 7< Oppo!tunitieCont!ain t
Recommen!e! varietie% o" ca%%ava approve! b) t&e National ee! In!%tr) (oncil NI(: are i!eal "or vario% in!%trial %e% beca%e o" t&eir potentiall) &ig& root )iel! an! &ig& root !r) matter an! %tarc& content%.
P!o/in.e rigao !el Norte rigao !el r ARMM Ba%ilan @anao !el r Magin!anao l -aGi3taGi
@2o Can Do It Pu&li.
P!i/ate
2: ,evelopment o" capacit) o" nr%er) operator%/ mltiplication "arm% to !eliver tec&nical a!vice to "armer client% 6: Be&avior c&ange intervention% !irecte! to "armer% : ,i%%emination o" %cce%% %torie% an! b%ine%% mo!el% to attract private %ector inve%tment
-&ere are "armer% G&o %pecialiHe! in pro!ction o" planting material% ig& co%t nancial an! Intervention% 1 to 6 "or environment: o" c&emical all region%/province% "ertiliHer AM;OAN#A @imite! %ppl) o" organic "ertiliHer appropriate "or ca%%ava "arming
Inte!/ention %t!ate$3 and App!oa.2
PENIN%ULA
@oG %e o" "ertiliHer/ @ack NORTHERN o" Gillingne%% to %pen! on MINDANAO "ertiliHer/@oG prc&a%ing Bki!non (amigin capacit) @anao !el Norte Mi%ami% #cci!ental
: Dork Git& MFI%/bank% in t&e !evelopment o" nancial pro!ct "or intere%te! inve%tor% in nr%er) operation% trengt&ening o" local %ppl) c&ain% o" ,A/+R,+ organic "ertiliHer an! !evelopment o" -ec&nical an! eKective !eman! nancial %pport 1: et3p an!/or pgra!ing o" e?i%ting organic "ertiliHer incl!ing +@=7/M@=7 a%%i%tance to compl) Git& Da%te accre!itation reOirement% collection %pport *: Implementation o" voc&er @an! eOit) program5 +lant NoG +a) @ater or -ec&nical %imilar market3ba%e! mec&ani%m% a%%i%tance to %timlate prc&a%e an! %e o" Implementation
FertiliHer enterpri%e%/co op% +ro!cer% +rovi!er% o" e?ten%ion %ervice% Me!ia ,i%%emination o" in"o an! %cce%% %torie%
9 II/MB Final
Ta&le 44< %umma!3 o1 Cont!aintOppo!tunitie and Inte!/ention "o! !an5in$ and p!io!iti>ation o1 inte!/ention t!ate$3 pe! p!o/in.e pleae ee Anne=e to 7< Oppo!tunitieCont!ain t
P!o/in.e
#pportnitie%
Mi%ami% #riental
7%e o" organic "ertiliHer can potentiall) lea! to L increa%e in )iel! in %b%eOent cropping%.
DAVAO RE#I ON ,avao !el Norte ,avao !el r ,avao #riental (ompo%tela 'alle) ,avao (it)
B) %ing organic "ertiliHer5 t&e) are able to incrementall) re!ce t&e %e o" %)nt&etic "ertiliHer in %b%eOent cropping%.
%OCC%?%AR#EN Nort& (otabato arangani ot& (otabato ltan !arat
-&ere are e?i%ting pro!cer% o" organic "ertiliHer an! an abn!ance o" %ppl) o" agri3Ga%te material% t&at can be %e! "or organic "ertiliHer pro!ction
CARA#A Ag%an !el Norte Ag%an !el r rigao !el Norte rigao !el r
Inte!/ention %t!ate$3 and App!oa.2
@2o Can Do It Pu&li.
"ertiliHer an! b) !oGn ri%k%
o" voc&er program or : ,evelopment o" capacit) to %imilar provi!e tec&nical a!vice to "armer mec&ani%m client% incl!ing %oil te%ting an! anal)%i% 4: et3p !emo "arm% to %&oGca%e benet% an! eKective %e o" "ertiliHer
P!i/ate
Bank%/MFI Financial %ervice% A%%embler% +romotion among %pplier%
2: ,ocmentation an! !i%%emination o" emerging goo! practice% to attract neG inve%tor% 6: Fo%ter linkage% Git& nancial %ervice% provi!er%
ARMM Ba%ilan @anao !el r Magin!anao l -aGi3taGi
"ARMIN# @imite! otreac& e?i%ting provi!er%
o" Intervention% 1 to 4 "or all region%/province% AM;OAN#A
@ack o" knoG3&oG among PENIN%ULA provi!er% on %%tainable
trengt&ening o" e?i%ting provi!er% o" embe!!e! %ervice% an!/or !evelopment o" embe!!e! mo!el% to tran%"er t&e nee!e! %kill%5 knoG3&oG5 an! in"ormation to enable "armer% to
,A/+R,+ -ec&nical an! nancial %pport
Fee! Mill% -ec&nical %pport (ooperative% 94
II/MB Final
Ta&le 44< %umma!3 o1 Cont!aintOppo!tunitie and Inte!/ention "o! !an5in$ and p!io!iti>ation o1 inte!/ention t!ate$3 pe! p!o/in.e pleae ee Anne=e to 7< Oppo!tunitieCont!ain t
P!o/in.e
"arm "arming ing practi practice% ce%// =oo! =oo! Agricltral +ractice%
@oG @oG a!opt a!optio ion/ n/ ptak ptake e o" improv improve! e! tec&nolo tec&nolog) g) an! prac practi tice ce% % % %ta tain inab able le Farming/=A+:
NORTHERN MINDANAO Bki!non (amigin @anao !el Norte Mi%ami% #cci!ental Mi%ami% #riental
#pportnitie% A!option o" goo! agronomic practice% can contribte to )iel! inten%ication an! improve pro!ctivitit) MFI &a% tec&nical per%on% t&at can &elp &elp in capacit) capacit) bil! il!ing ing o" poten tentia tial commnit)3ba%e! trainor%. >?i%ting cooperative%5 tra!er% an! a%%embler% G&o oGn "acilitie% an! provi!e %ervice% to "armer% can be "rt&er !evelope! to provi!e a range o" e?ten%ion an! a!vi%or) %ervice%
DAVAO DAVAO RE#I ON ,avao !el Norte ,avao !el r ,avao #riental (ompo%tela 'alle) ,avao (it) %OCC%?%AR#EN Nort& (otabato arangani ot& (otabato ltan !arat CARA#A Ag%an !el Norte Ag%an !el r rigao !el Norte rigao !el r ARMM Ba%ilan @anao !el r Magin!anao l -aGi3taGi -aGi3taGi
Inte!/ention %t!ate$3 and App!oa.2
@2o Can Do It Pu&li.
a!opt %%tainable pro!ction practice% BAF+ an! improve pro!ctivit) -ec&nica -ec&nicall a%%i%tance 1: Bil! Bil! p capacit) capacit) o" potent potential ial an! an! e?i%ting provi!er% to better +@=7/M@=7 n!er%tan! %%tainable "arming -ec&nica -ec&nicall principle% an! it% a!aptation to a%%i%tance local conte?t #rganiHation an! *: pport pport participat participative ive !evelopmen !evelopmentt coor!ination Git& Git& "ee!m "ee!mill ill%5 %5 inter interme! me!iar iarie ie%5 %5 "armer%: "armer%: o" mo!le% on %%tainable "arming ming pra practi ctice% to en% en%re re alignment alignment Git& prioritie% prioritie% o" pla)er%5 learni learning ng aptit!e aptit!e o" "armer% "armer%55 an! promote oGner%&ip o" tec&nolog)
P!i/ate
Ba%e "or !eliver) o" training Me!ia In"o !i%%emination
: -ec&nical a%%i%tance in t&e !evelopment o" training approa approac&e% c&e% t&at alloG alloG Oick Oick Gin% to motivate an! %%tain a!option 4: (on!ct (on!ct o" o" competiti competition% on% to motivate a!option5 %timlate innovation5 an! "acilitate i!entication o" emerging goo! practice% a% ba%i% "or reglar p!ating o" mo!le%
92 II/MB Final
Ta&le 44< %umma!3 o1 Cont!aintOppo!tunitie and Inte!/ention "o! !an5in$ and p!io!iti>ation o1 inte!/ention t!ate$3 pe! p!o/in.e pleae ee Anne=e to 7< Oppo!tunitieCont!ain t
P!o/in.e
Inte!/ention %t!ate$3 and App!oa.2
@2o Can Do It Pu&li.
P!i/ate
A%%embler% an! cooperative% G&o &ave been traine! in Oalit) %tan!ar!% compliance an! market reOirement% can potentiall) inJence %mall&ol!er% to a!opt goo! practice% PROCE%%IN# Intervention% 1 to 4 "or @oG vale a!!ition among region%/province% %mall&ol!er% in!icate! beloG ig& ig& tran%p tran%por ortat tation ion co%t co%t "or "re%& tber% AM;OAN#A
#pportnitie%
PENIN%ULA
#n3" #n3"ar arm m proc proce% e%%i %ing ng o" tbe tber% r% into into c&ip c&ip% % %in %ing g mobile mec&anical c&ipper. NORTHERN #n3%ite #n3%ite c&ip% c&ip% pro!c pro!ction tion MINDANAO Bki!non can re!ce re!ce tran%act tran%action% ion% (amigin co%t "or all pla)er% involve! @anao !el Norte
Mi%ami% #cci!ental Mi%ami% #riental DAVAO DAVAO RE#I ON ,avao !el Norte ,avao !el r ,avao #riental
,eve ,evelo lopm pmen entt o" mobi mobile le pee peeling ling55 ,A/+R,+ c&ipping c&ipping55 an! !r)ing !r)ing %)%tem %)%tem aron! aron! -ec&nica -ec&nicall an! cl%ter o" "arm% in remote area%: nancial %pport 1: ,evelopm ,evelopment ent an! %et3p %et3p o" mobile mobile mec&ani mec&anical cal peele peeler5 r5 c&ipper c&ipper55 an! +@=7/M@=7 !r)er rental %ervice% >Oit) -ec&nica -ec&nicall *: -ec&nical a%%i%tance in t&e %pport an! !evel !evelop opmen mentt o" %)%tem %)%tem an! it% monitoring operationaliHation
(ooperative% >Oit) #perator%/ +rovi!er%
: : ,eve ,evelo lopm pmen entt o" cor core gro grop p o" mentor% mentor% on =oo! Man"act Man"actrin ring g +ractice% c&ipping an! !r)ing: 333 %ervice %ervice% % embe!!e embe!!e! ! Git& rental rental o" mobile peeler an! c&ipper
96 II/MB Final
Ta&le 44< %umma!3 o1 Cont!aintOppo!tunitie and Inte!/ention "o! !an5in$ and p!io!iti>ation o1 inte!/ention t!ate$3 pe! p!o/in.e pleae ee Anne=e to 7< Oppo!tunitieCont!ain t
P!o/in.e (ompo%tela 'alle) ,avao (it)
Inte!/ention %t!ate$3 and App!oa.2
@2o Can Do It Pu&li.
P!i/ate
4: +romot +romotion ion o" %e %e o" "aciliti "acilitie% e% among "armer%
%OCC%?%AR#EN Nort& (otabato arangani ot& (otabato ltan !arat CARA#A Ag%an !el Norte Ag%an !el r rigao !el Norte rigao !el r
@ack o" acce%% to po%t&arve%t "acilitie% @ack o" capacit) to compl) Git& =oo! Man"actring +ractice% #pportnit) =roGing !eman! "or c&ip% an! an! gran granle% le% "ee!m "ee!mill ill%: %: ma) motivate cooperative% to operate common %ervice "acilitie%.
Intervention% 1 to "or region%/province% li%te! beloG AM;OAN#A PENIN%ULA
>%ta >%tabl bli% i%&m &men entt o" =M =M+ + comp compli lian antt ,A/+R,+ common %ervice "acilitie% "or c&ipping5 -ec&nica -ec&nicall an! !r)ing5 granlation5 an! Gare&o%ing nancial %pport 1: et3p et3p o" common common %ervice %ervice "acilit "acilitie% ie% +@=7/M@=7 *: -ec&nical a%%i%tance in >Oit) c%t c%tom omiH iHat atio ion n o" e?i% e?i%ti ting ng =M =M+ + -ec&nica -ec&nicall mo!le% mo!le% on c&ipping c&ipping55 !r)ing5 !r)ing5 an! %pport an! %torage %torage in collabo collaborati ration on Git& ke) monitoring '( +la)er% BFA,/,#: ,evelopm ,evelopment ent o" a core core grop grop o" -ec&nica -ec&nicall local e?pert% to provi!e &an!%3on a%%i%tance training an! mentoring to %er% o" po%t&arve%t "acilitie% a% embe!!e! %ervice o" (F
(ooperative% >Oit) #perator%/ +rovi!er%
9 II/MB Final
Ta&le 44< %umma!3 o1 Cont!aintOppo!tunitie and Inte!/ention "o! !an5in$ and p!io!iti>ation o1 inte!/ention t!ate$3 pe! p!o/in.e pleae ee Anne=e to 7< Oppo!tunitieCont!ain t
P!o/in.e
Inte!/ention %t!ate$3 and App!oa.2
@2o Can Do It Pu&li.
P!i/ate
,avao #riental (ompo%tela 'alle) ,avao (it) %OCC%?%AR#EN Nort& (otabato arangani ot& (otabato ltan !arat CARA#A Ag%an !el Norte Ag%an !el r rigao !el Norte rigao !el r
,icltie% to meet price %trctre o" "ee! mill% crrentl) prc&a%ing ca%%ava !e to remotene%% o" area% "rom !eliver) %tation%/"actorie% @oG vale a!!ition an! !anger o" over%ppl) o" ca%%ava !e to lack o" e?ternal tra!e #pportnit) =roGing live%tock in!%tr) in area%/ =roGer% looking "or alternative loG co%t
Intervention% 1 to 2 "or province% li%te! beloG ARMM Ba%ilan @anao !el r Magin!anao l -aGi3taGi
,evelopment o" local capacit) to ,A/+R,+ commerciall) pro!ce loG co%t &ig& -ec&nical an! Oalit) &alal "ee!% nancial %pport 1: >%tabli%&ment o" village level "ee! mill +@=7/M@=7 >Oit) *: pport planting o" crop% nee!e! -ec&nical "or "ee!% ot&er t&an ca%%ava %pport an! monitoring : -raining an! capacit) bil!ing on "ee! "ormlation5 man"actring5 BAI/,#-/@,( an! b%ine%% management -ec&nical a%%i%tance 4: Implementation o" voc&er program or %imilar %c&eme% to ,-I "acilitate !evelopment o" client +romotion
(ooperative% >Oit) #perator%
9 II/MB Final
Ta&le 44< %umma!3 o1 Cont!aintOppo!tunitie and Inte!/ention "o! !an5in$ and p!io!iti>ation o1 inte!/ention t!ate$3 pe! p!o/in.e pleae ee Anne=e to 7< Oppo!tunitieCont!ain t
P!o/in.e
goo! Oalit) &alal "ee!%
@ack o" acce%% to =M+ an! alal compliant proce%%ing "acilitie% &ort %&el" li"e o" pro!ct% @oG level o" pro!ct !evelopment/ Deak bran!ing #pportnitie% =roGing !eman! "or ca%%ava grate% among M%lim commnitie% in t&e +&ilippine%5 aba&5 an! Mala)%ia (a%%ava "oo! pro!ct% can potentiall) be po%itione! a% &ealt&)/ glten3"ree "oo! G&ic& &a% a groGing !eman! bot& in local an! e?port market
Inte!/ention %t!ate$3 and App!oa.2
ba%e an! encorage patroniHe "ee! mill
Intervention% 1 to 4 "or province% li%te! beloG ARMM Ba%ilan @anao !el r Magin!anao l -aGi3taGi
local%
@2o Can Do It Pu&li.
P!i/ate
to
2: Market !evelopment %pport (ommercialiHation o" e?i%ting ca%%ava ,A/+R,+ grate% ba%e! pro!ct% t&at &ave been -ec&nical an! proven to be %aleable nancial %pport 1: >%tabli%&ment o" =M+/A((+/alal compliant common %ervice +@=7/M@=7 "acilitie% can be toll proce%%ing: >Oit) -ec&nical *: ,evelopment o" core grop o" %pport an! trainor% on =M+/A((+/alal an! monitoring ca%%ava grate% pro!ction BFA,/,#: pport in t&e "rt&er !evelopment -ec&nical o" pro!ction% incl!ing R an! , on a%%i%tance &oG to e?ten! %&el" li"e ,-I +ro!ct an! 4: Bran!ing an! market !evelopment market %pport !evelopment
(ooperative% >Oit) #perator%
MAR?ETIN#
99 II/MB Final
Ta&le 44< %umma!3 o1 Cont!aintOppo!tunitie and Inte!/ention "o! !an5in$ and p!io!iti>ation o1 inte!/ention t!ate$3 pe! p!o/in.e pleae ee Anne=e to 7< Oppo!tunitieCont!ain t
+@=7%/M@=7% lack nancial capacit) to con%trct an!/or pgra!e roa!% #pportnit) =oo! roa!% can re!ce co%t o" tran%action%
P!o/in.e AM;OAN#A PENIN%ULA
Inte!/ention %t!ate$3 and App!oa.2
7pgra!ing to "arm3to3market roa!% 1: (o%t contribtion con%trction
to
@2o Can Do It Pu&li.
P!i/ate
,A/+R,+ -ec&nical an! roa! nancial %pport +@=7/M@=7 >Oit) -ec&nical %pport an! monitoring ,+D +ro$ect implementation
%OCC%?%AR#EN Nort& (otabato arangani ot& (otabato ltan !arat CARA#A Ag%an !el Norte Ag%an !el r rigao !el Norte rigao !el r ARMM @anao !el r
100 II/MB Final
Ta&le 44< %umma!3 o1 Cont!aintOppo!tunitie and Inte!/ention "o! !an5in$ and p!io!iti>ation o1 inte!/ention t!ate$3 pe! p!o/in.e pleae ee Anne=e to 7< Oppo!tunitieCont!ain t
P!o/in.e
Inte!/ention %t!ate$3 and App!oa.2
@2o Can Do It Pu&li.
P!i/ate
Magin!anao
Deak %ppl) c&ain planning an! cooperation
Intervention% 1 to 4 "or region%/province% li%te! beloG
#pportnit)
AM;OAN#A PENIN%ULA
Min!anao can potentiall) &ave G&ole )ear ron! pro!ction o" ca%%ava pro!ct% an! avoi! pro!ction glt% re%lting to loG price%
NORTHERN MINDANAO Bki!non (amigin @anao !el Norte Mi%ami% #cci!ental Mi%ami% #riental DAVAO RE#I ON ,avao !el Norte ,avao !el r ,avao #riental (ompo%tela 'alle) ,avao (it) %OCC%?%AR#EN Nort& (otabato arangani ot& (otabato ltan !arat CARA#A Ag%an !el Norte
Improvement o" coor!ination an! ,A/+R,+ Fee! Mill% pro!ction planning betGeen ca%%ava -ec&nical an! +rovi%ion o" "armer% an! proce%%or% nancial !ata %pport -ec&nical 1: -ec&nical an! nancial %pport in %pport t&e !evelopment an! piloting o" +@=7/M@=7 in"ormation %)%tem on market Management (ooperative% !eman! "oreca%t an! an! ,i%%emination corre%pon!ing ca%%ava %ppl) operationaliHati o" in"ormation reOirement% G&ic& Gill &elp on o" in"o +rovi%ion o" "armer% !etermine appropriate %)%tem !ata "arm maintenance %)%tem an! Mapping o" +romotion &arve%t %c&e!le% ca%%ava area% among *: -ec&nical an! nancial a%%i%tance Market linkage member% in t&e mapping ca%%ava pro!ction area% an! it% planting an! &arve%t %c&e!le% incl!ing pro$ecte! )iel! a% ba%i% in "orging a!vance lot prc&a%e agreement% betGeen interme!iarie% an! "armer% Git& price in!e? calclation% tran%parent to all partie% concerne!. : -ec&nical a%%i%tance in t&e !evelopment an! promotion o" mo!lar "arming among "armer% to en%re )ear ron! pro!ction an! 101
II/MB Final
Ta&le 44< %umma!3 o1 Cont!aintOppo!tunitie and Inte!/ention "o! !an5in$ and p!io!iti>ation o1 inte!/ention t!ate$3 pe! p!o/in.e pleae ee Anne=e to 7< Oppo!tunitieCont!ain t
P!o/in.e Ag%an !el r rigao !el Norte rigao !el r
Inte!/ention %t!ate$3 and App!oa.2
@2o Can Do It Pu&li.
P!i/ate
&arve%t 4: Be&avior c&ange intervention%
ARMM Ba%ilan @anao !el r Magin!anao l -aGi3taGi
10* II/MB Final
%e.tion :, RECOMMENDATION% AND CONCLU%ION% 1. (a%%ava i% %ol! in market% G&ere raG pro!ct %b%tittion can rea!il) occr e%peciall) in "ee!% an! %tarc&:. (a%%ava Gill &ave to meet an! %rpa%% t&e rate% o" improvement in ecienc) ac&ieve! b) t&e ma$or grain crop% e.g.5 corn: in or!er to %%tain a competitive e!ge. -&i% Gill reOire %pecial attention in t&ree area%; a: Improvement o" t&e "arming %)%tem t&rog& %e o" &ig& )iel!ing varietie% Git& &ig& %tarc& content an! a!option o" =A+ an! %%tainable "arming practice% to re!ce t&e co%t o" raG material% G&ile maintaining rea%onable prot margin% "or "armer% b: Improvement o" proce%%ing ecienc) an! pro!ct Oalit) incl!ing compliance to =oo! Man"actring +ractice% c: 7pgra!ing o" roa! an! tran%portation netGork to re!ce co%t o" tran%action an! improve acce%%ibilit). -o la) t&e gron!Gork "or t&e ac&ievement o" above !irection%5 it i% recommen!e! t&at t&e in!%tr) pr%e% t&e cl%ter !evelopment approac&. -&e a!vantage% t&at Gol! accre "rom a cl%ter !evelopment approac& incl!e improvement in pro!ction ecienc) an! greater opportnitie% "or %mall&ol!er% to be linke! to groGt& market%. *. -&e t)pical re%pon%e to bri!ge t&e !eman! %ppl) gap &a% been to increa%e t&e area n!er ca%%ava cltivation bt )iel! pro!ctivit): &a% remaine! loG in man) area% in Min!anao. -&i% &a% le! to &ig&er pro!ction co%t. Increa%ing area n!er ca%%ava cltivation i% not %%tainable more %o Git& t&e groGing %carcit) o" "ertile lan!%. A more %%tainable approac& Gol! be to promote )iel! inten%ication t&rog& improve! pro!ctivit). Farmer% in ot& (otabato an! Bki!non &ave %&oGn t&at )iel!% a% &ig& a% 60 M- i% po%%ible. . +ro?imit) to market% incentiviHe% pro!ct an! proce%% pgra!ing. Dit&ot a garantee! market5 "armer% are generall) &e%itant to inve%t in pgra!ing. MFI &a% "ee!mill% an!/or toll proce%%or% in all region% e?cept ARMM an! (ARA=A. @ikeGi%e5 ke) c&ip% an! granle pro!cer% in Min!anao are in area% Git& groGing nmber% o" "ee! mill%. #ne o" t&e ke) con%traint% o" (ARA=A5 to !ate5 i% t&eir !i%tance "rom MFI b)ing %tation%. -o attract a%%embler% to operate in t&e area an! to cover !eliver) co%t to (aga)an !e #ro5 it i% nece%%ar) to increa%e pro!ction volme. (ARA=A can al%o look into back loa!ing arrangement% Git& MFI an! BM>=. (ARA=A can5 per&ap%5 al%o promote t&e %e o" ca%%ava to t&e 4 "ee! mill% in t&e area. 4.
-&e &ge !eman! "or &alal "oo! pro!ct% in t&e Gorl! market i% an opportnit) t&at ARMM can potentiall) anc&or it% !evelopment !irection% "or t&e ne?t coming )ear%. (ommercial pro!ction an! !i%tribtion o" alal proce%%e! ca%%ava %nack "oo!% an! animal "ee!% are %ome o" t&e pro!ct opportnitie% t&at t&e region can e?plore. -&e pr%it o" bigger an! more lcrative market% can provi!e incentive% "or mo!erniHing t&e ca%%ava in!%tr) in t&e region. 10
2.
-&e "olloGing are t&e propo%e! priorit) vale c&ain% "or eac& o" t&e region% in Min!anao;
Ta&le 4*< P!opoed Value C2ain "o.u 1o! Re$ion in Mindanao Region 'ale (&ain Foc%
Nort&ern Min!anao
trengt&ening o" c&ain "or in!%trial %e% o" ca%%ava pl)Goo! gle: (&ip% an! granle% in!%tr) in Bki!non5 Mi%ami% #riental5 an! Mi%ami% #cci!ental tarc& in!%tr) in Bki!non an! Mi%ami% #riental (a%%ava grate% an! !elicacie% in @anao !el Norte Git& a "oc% on &alal "oo! pro!c%
,avao Region occ%k%argen
@ocal !elicacie% in (amigin "or tori%t market (&ip% an! granle% in!%tr) in all province% (&ip% an! granle% in!%tr) in all province% (a%%ava grate% an! !elicacie%
(araga
ARMM
(&ip% an! granle% in!%tr) in all province%Q e?plore !evelopment o" c&ain "or in!%trial %e% o" ca%%ava gle5 etc.: @ocal !elicacie% (a%%ava grate% an! !elicacie% ,evelopment o" ca%%ava3ba%e! village level "ee! pro!ction
104 II/MB Final
ANNEE%
Anne= , am&oan$a Peninula 102 II/MB Final
Ranking an! +rioritiHation o" intervention trateg) per +rovince pecic intervention approac&e% per province are in!icate! in -able
.
Ran5in$ and P!io!iti>ation, am&oan$a Peninula Inte!/ention %t!ate$3
DN
D%
%i&u$a3
C
,evelopment o" local capacit) "or pro!ction o" "on!ation %ee!% an! it% mltiplication an! t&e commercial !i%tribtion o" planting material% trengt&ening o" local %ppl) c&ain% o" organic "ertiliHer an! !evelopment o" eKective !eman! trengt&ening o" e?i%ting provi!er% o" embe!!e! %ervice% an!/or !evelopment o" embe!!e! mo!el% to tran%"er t&e nee!e! %kill%5 knoG3 &oG5 an! in"ormation to enable "armer% to a!opt %%tainable pro!ction practice% an! improve pro!ctivit)
1
1
1
1
*
*
*
*
,evelopment o" mobile peeling5 c&ipping5 an! !r)ing %)%tem aron! cl%ter o" "arm% in remote area%: >%tabli%&ment o" =M+ compliant common %ervice "acilitie% "or c&ipping5 !r)ing5 granlation5 an! Gare&o%ing
6
6
6
4
6
4
4
2
2
2
2
,evelopment o" local capacit) to commerciall) pro!ce loG co%t &ig& Oalit) &alal "ee!% (ommercialiHation o" e?i%ting ca%%ava grate% ba%e! pro!ct% t&at &ave been proven to be %aleable 7pgra!ing to "arm3to3market roa!% Improvement o" coor!ination an! pro!ction planning betGeen ca%%ava "armer% an! proce%%or%
106 II/MB Final
Anne= ', No!t2e!n Mindanao Ranking an! +rioritiHation o" intervention trateg) per +rovince pecic intervention approac&e% per province are in!icate! in -able Ran5in$ and P!io!iti>ation, No!t2e!n Mindanao Inte!/ention %t!ate$3
Mi O!
Lanao
;u5idn on
Mi O..
Cami$ uin
,evelopment o" local capacit) "or pro!ction o" "on!ation %ee!% an! it% mltiplication an! t&e commercial !i%tribtion o" planting material%
*
*
*
*
trengt&ening o" local %ppl) c&ain% o" organic "ertiliHer an! !evelopment o" eKective !eman! trengt&ening o" e?i%ting provi!er% o" embe!!e! %ervice% an!/or !evelopment o" embe!!e! mo!el% to tran%"er t&e nee!e! %kill%5 knoG3&oG5 an! in"ormation to enable "armer% to a!opt %%tainable pro!ction practice% an! improve pro!ctivit)
4
2
2
2
2
,evelopment o" mobile peeling5 c&ipping5 an! !r)ing %)%tem aron! cl%ter o" "arm% in remote area%: >%tabli%&ment o" =M+ compliant common %ervice "acilitie% "or c&ipping5 !r)ing5 granlation5 an! Gare&o%ing ,evelopment o" local capacit) to commerciall) pro!ce loG co%t &ig& Oalit) &alal "ee!% (ommercialiHation o" e?i%ting ca%%ava grate% ba%e! pro!ct% t&at &ave been proven to be %aleable 7pgra!ing to "arm3to3market roa!%
6
6
*
6
6
4
4
1
4
4
1
1
2
1
1
Improvement o" coor!ination an! pro!ction planning betGeen ca%%ava "armer% an! proce%%or%
6
10 II/MB Final
Anne= 4, Da/ao Re$ion Ranking an! +rioritiHation o" intervention trateg) per +rovince pecic intervention approac&e% per province are in!icate! in -able
.
Ran5in$ and P!io!iti>ation, Da/ao Re$ion Da/ao del No!te
Da/ao del %u!
Da/ao Cit3
Da/ao O!ienta l
Compot ela
,evelopment o" local capacit) "or pro!ction o" "on!ation %ee!% an! it% mltiplication an! t&e commercial !i%tribtion o" planting material% trengt&ening o" local %ppl) c&ain% o" organic "ertiliHer an! !evelopment o" eKective !eman!
1
1
1
1
1
trengt&ening o" e?i%ting provi!er% o" embe!!e! %ervice% an!/or !evelopment o" embe!!e! mo!el% to tran%"er t&e nee!e! %kill%5 knoG3&oG5 an! in"ormation to enable "armer% to a!opt %%tainable pro!ction practice% an! improve pro!ctivit) ,evelopment o" mobile peeling5 c&ipping5 an! !r)ing %)%tem aron! cl%ter o" "arm% in remote area%: >%tabli%&ment o" =M+ compliant common %ervice "acilitie% "or c&ipping5 !r)ing5 granlation5 an! Gare&o%ing ,evelopment o" local capacit) to commerciall) pro!ce loG co%t &ig& Oalit) &alal "ee!% (ommercialiHation o" e?i%ting ca%%ava grate% ba%e! pro!ct% t&at &ave been proven to be %aleable
*
*
*
*
*
4
4
4
4
4
7pgra!ing to "arm3to3market roa!% Improvement o" coor!ination an!
2
2
2
2
2
6
6
6
6
6
Inte!/ention %t!ate$3
10 II/MB Final
pro!ction planning betGeen ca%%ava "armer% an! proce%%or%
Anne= *, %OCC%?%AR#EN Ranking an! +rioritiHation o" intervention trateg) per +rovince pecic intervention approac&e% per province are in!icate! in -able Ran5in$ and P!io!iti>ation, %OCC%?%AR#EN Inte!/ention %t!ate$3
,evelopment o" local capacit) "or pro!ction o" "on!ation %ee!% an! it% mltiplication an! t&e commercial !i%tribtion o" planting material% trengt&ening o" local %ppl) c&ain% o" organic "ertiliHer an! !evelopment o" eKective !eman! trengt&ening o" e?i%ting provi!er% o" embe!!e! %ervice% an!/or !evelopment o" embe!!e! mo!el% to tran%"er t&e nee!e! %kill%5 knoG3 &oG5 an! in"ormation to enable "armer% to a!opt %%tainable pro!ction practice% an! improve pro!ctivit) ,evelopment o" mobile peeling5 c&ipping5 an! !r)ing %)%tem aron! cl%ter o" "arm% in remote area%: >%tabli%&ment o" =M+ compliant common %ervice "acilitie% "or c&ipping5 !r)ing5 granlation5 an! Gare&o%ing
%out2 Cota&at o
No!t2 Cota&at o
%a!an$a ni
%ultan ?uda!at
1
*
1
1
*
*
*
6
6
6
6
4
4
4
4
2
1
2
2
,evelopment o" local capacit) to commerciall) pro!ce loG co%t &ig& Oalit) &alal "ee!% (ommercialiHation o" e?i%ting ca%%ava grate% ba%e! pro!ct% 109 II/MB Final
t&at &ave been proven to be %aleable 7pgra!ing to "arm3to3market roa!% Improvement o" coor!ination an! pro!ction planning betGeen ca%%ava "armer% an! proce%%or%
2
Anne= 6, CARA#A Ranking an! +rioritiHation o" intervention trateg) per +rovince pecic intervention approac&e% per province are in!icate! in -able Ran5in$ and P!io!iti>ation, CARA#A Inte!/ention %t!ate$3
A$uan del No!te
A$uan del %u!
%u!i$ao del No!te
%u!i$ao del %u!
,evelopment o" local capacit) "or pro!ction o" "on!ation %ee!% an! it% mltiplication an! t&e commercial !i%tribtion o" planting material% trengt&ening o" local %ppl) c&ain% o" organic "ertiliHer an! !evelopment o" eKective !eman!
1
1
1
1
*
*
*
*
trengt&ening o" e?i%ting provi!er% o" embe!!e! %ervice% an!/or !evelopment o" embe!!e! mo!el% to tran%"er t&e nee!e! %kill%5 knoG3 &oG5 an! in"ormation to enable "armer% to a!opt %%tainable pro!ction practice% an! improve pro!ctivit) ,evelopment o" mobile peeling5 c&ipping5 an! !r)ing %)%tem aron! cl%ter o" "arm% in remote area%:
6
6
6
6
2
2
2
2
>%tabli%&ment o" =M+ compliant common %ervice "acilitie% "or c&ipping5 !r)ing5 granlation5 an! Gare&o%ing ,evelopment o" local capacit) to commerciall) pro!ce loG co%t
4
4
4
4
110 II/MB Final
&ig& Oalit) &alal "ee!% (ommercialiHation o" e?i%ting ca%%ava grate% ba%e! pro!ct% t&at &ave been proven to be %aleable 7pgra!ing to "arm3to3market roa!% Improvement o" coor!ination an! pro!ction planning betGeen ca%%ava "armer% an! proce%%or%
Anne= 7, ARMM Ranking an! +rioritiHation o" intervention trateg) per +rovince pecic intervention approac&e% per province are in!icate! in -able Ran5in$ and P!io!iti>ation, ARMM Inte!/ention %t!ate$3
,evelopment o" local capacit) "or pro!ction o" "on!ation %ee!% an! it% mltiplication an! t&e commercial !i%tribtion o" planting material% trengt&ening o" local %ppl) c&ain% o" organic "ertiliHer an! !evelopment o" eKective !eman! trengt&ening o" e?i%ting provi!er% o" embe!!e! %ervice% an!/or !evelopment o" embe!!e! mo!el% to tran%"er t&e nee!e! %kill%5 knoG3&oG5 an! in"ormation to enable "armer% to a!opt %%tainable pro!ction practice% an! improve pro!ctivit) ,evelopment o" mobile peeling5 c&ipping5 an! !r)ing %)%tem aron! cl%ter o" "arm% in remote area%: >%tabli%&ment o" =M+ compliant common %ervice "acilitie% "or
Lanao del %u!
;ailan
%ulu
Ta0ita0i
Ma$uinda nao
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
2
2
4
*
*
*
*
*
111 II/MB Final
