Cash Crops of Pakistan Outline 1. Intr Intro oduct ductio ion. n. 2. Cotton, rice, oil seeds and fruit, are the major cash crops of Pakistan. 3. Cotton Cotton is the the silver silver fiber fiber of cash cash crops. crops. 4. Rice Rice of Pakista Pakistan n is liked liked much in in the foreig foreign n countrie countries. s. 5. The world's famous Tobacco Virginia is cultivated cultivated in Peshawar. 6. The fruit of Pakistan Pakistan are famous famous all over the world. world. . 7. Government should supply agricultural machinery, seeds and interest-free loans to the farmers,, 8. Conclusion Pakista Pakistan n is an agricu agricultu ltural ral country country.. About About 70% of its popu popula lati tion on depe depend nds s upon upon agriculture. A huge number of its people are living in villages. These villagers are working in fields. They are producing two types of crops-food crops-food crops and non-food non-food crops. The non-food crops are cash crops. Cash crops mean those crops which earn foreign exchange for our country. The major cash crops of Pakistan are cotton, rice, tobacco, fruits and oil seeds. These crops are exported to foreign countries. With the help of cash crops, the country has been earning huge foreign exchange. These cash crops have become become flouris flourishin hing g business business for the people people of Pakista Pakistan. n. The cash crops crops of Pakistan Pakistan are grown grown in almost almost all province provinces s of Paki Pakist stan an.. The farmers grow them willingly. Cotton is one of the major cash crops which is grown in the fertile lands of Sindh Sindh and Punjab. It is the flourishing crop which gives a huge foreign exchange to our country. The government helps the farmers by providing them pesticides and other chem chemic ical als s to save save the cro crop p from from the the severe severe atta attack ck of dange dangerou rous s insects and diseases. The government provides high quality seeds to the farmers and guides them about how to grow the crop of cotton scientificaily. uotton is expuueu iu luiciyn countries countries,, it is called called the silver silver fiber. fiber. Most of our textile textile ind industr ustrie ies s depend upon the productions of cotton. Rice is another another productive productive crop of Pakistan. Pakistan. The rice of Paki Pakista stan n is like liked d in the the foreig foreign n countries. It earns a considerable foreign exchange for the country. This crop needs a huge amount amount of water for its harvest. harvest. It is grown in the provinces provinces of Sindh Sindh and Punjab Punjab.. It has many kinds. Normally, it needs a hard soil to grow. Our farmers grow this crop a Sot. Tobacco is one of the major crops of Pakistan. Its leaves are called called the golden golden leaves leaves.. This crop needs soft surface. It is cultivated throughout Pakistan. However, the NWFP is famous for this crop. The northern areas of NWFP like Mansehra, Abbottabad Abbottabad and Swabi districts districts are favourable favourabl e places pla ces for its cultivation cultivation.. The world's world's famous famous Tobacco Tobacco called called Virginia Virginia Tobacco Tobacco is i s grown gro wn in Peshawar, Peshawar , Swabi and Mansehra. Mansehra . The Tobacco indust industry ry is earnin earning g a huge huge foreign foreign exch exchang ange, e, It is exported to European countries as well. farmers to upgrade the cash crops. Tube wells and canal system should be easily available to the farmers to water the plants well in time. The farmers should be guided and trained in the modern agricultural techniques. They should be provided all facilities in the villages, so that they may pay full attention to their fields and crops.
Environmental Pollution 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8.
Outline Intr Introd odu uctio ction. n. Atomic Atomic weapon weapons s and atomi atomic c energy energy are causi causing ng polluti pollution. on. Indus Industria trialis lism m is spreadin spreading g polluti pollution. on. Automo Automobil biles es emit emit dang dangero erous us smok smoke. e. Over population and lack of trees is a serious cause of pollution. People throw garbage and litters in the streets and on the roads. Adulter Adulteratio ation n in food food and and drink. drink. Concl onclus usio ion n.
The process which spoils nature and purity of the atmo atmosp sphe here re,, is cal calle led d poll pollut utio ion. n. Poll Pollut utio ion n is one one of the bigg bigges estt problems problems of the whale world. It has disturbed life of all the nations of the world. Pollution is not a new problem. It also existed existed in the past but it was not so much dangerous as it is today. It has created an alarming situation situation for all countries.
The Importance of Commerce Education Outline 1. Intr Intro oduct ductio ion. n. 2. Material Material prosper prosperity ity depend depends s upon comme commerce rce educat education. ion. 3. The modern business and trade are complex and complicated. 4. Commerce education trains the students to understand the modern business. 5. A commerce graduate keeps "his eyes on the market and the customers. 6. A commerc commerce e graduate graduate admi administ nisters ers the the busines business s well. 7. it makes makes the individu individuals als self-suf self-suffici ficient ent and indepe independe ndent. nt. 8. Commerc Commerce e educati education on streng strengthe thens ns the economy economy.. 9. Concl onclus usiion. on. The modern world is very fast and complicated. It is a world of commerce commerce and busines business. s. Every country tries its level best to have frequent trade and commercial dealings with other countries to improve its economy. The prosperity and the growth of economy of a nation depends upon its business, trade and commerce and highly developed industries. In the past, the business and other commercial dealings were easy, but the high growth rate of population and development of all the nations nations have have made made the the trade trade and and busin business ess very very comp complic licat ated ed and and hard. hard. The modern modern busin busines ess s requir requires es high highly ly train trained ed and and skilfu skilfull youn young g men. men. This This requi requirem remen entt has has given given due due importance to commerce education. The main main objective objectives s of the commer commerce ce educatio education n are to train and to educate our youth to manage the highly complicated modern business, and to get the desired results from the trade. Commerce education means to enable our youth to compete in the modern business and to pace with the modern modern world. world. The commerce education gives pragmatic approach of the modern
economics and industry. The commerce education enables the youth to understand and judge the various trends of trade and business of the modern world. A commerce graduate keeps his eyes on profit and loss, the rise and fall in the business and the demand demand of the modern modern time time.. He knows knows well well how how to deal deal with with the cust custom omer ers. s. He can can advertise the items and commodities of his company and the country well. A well-organized company needs a well-educated manager. A commerce graduate manages his his compa company ny well well accor accordi ding ng to the needs of the hour. He judges judges well and makes a good forecast of the future. He attracts the foreign companies and customers easily. The commerce education trains the youth in the fields of costing, income tax practice and sales tax practice. The commerce commerce education education makes makes the individuals individuals independ independent ent and self-sufficient. self-sufficient. They earn their live livelih lihoo ood d by them themse selve lves. s. Commerc Commerce e educat education ion enable enables s them them well well aware aware about about the. the. challenges of the modern times. After completing the commerce education, it becomes easy for them to choose a right career, of their choice. They reach their destination easily and gain their goals. The The comm commer erce ce educ educat atio ion n has has beco become me a pres pressi sing ng need need of the the mode modern rn times times.. The The development of a nation is measured with its strong economy. If the economy of a nation is strong and well built, that nation is honoured and liked in the entire world. All the nations of the world desire to. have trade and business with, that nation. If the economy of a nation is weak and poor, that nation is left behind in the entire world. It means, that the progress of a nation depends upon economy and a well-set economy is possible only when it is managed by commerce commerce graduate graduates. s. Keeping Keeping in view the importanc importance, e, of • commer commerce ce and commerci commercial al education, the government has established many commercial institutions. These institutions are training the boys and girls in commerce education. They are
inflation Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Intr Introd oduc ucti tion on.. Inflatio Inflation n has has grippe gripped d the entire entire world world.. High High inflatio inflation n has disturb disturbed ed the the life of poor poor peopl people. e. Over popul population ation is one one of the the causes causes of inflati inflation. on. Purchas Purchase e of expensiv expensive e armed weap weapons ons cause causes s inflation inflation.. 6. The industrial system and poor agriculture should be improved. 7. Storage of goods by the industrialists and businessmen should be banned.
8.
Conclusion.
The rise in the prices of the daily commodities is called inflation. Inflation means to gain a few items by big money. Inflation is one of the»biggest problems faced by the entire world. Even the well-developed nations are in the grip of inflation. However, Pakistan, which is an under developed country is facing inflation problem very seriously. The prices of the daily use items are increasing regularly. It is creating huge and hard problems to almost all the people. Majority of our population population is poor. They work in the fields, factories, industries or in the offices. All these people are living hand to mouth. They draw meagre salaries. They do not have extra resour resources ces to to meet meet their their needs. needs. They They are faci facing ng the the hard situation situati on of life. That is the reason that
all members of the society society are working working hard hard to pull the cart of their their life. Inflati Inflation on has created adverse adverse effects on the society. Ours is a joint family system. Each family, approximatel approximately y consists of seven to ten members. To fulfill the desires and needs of all members of the family, the working hands are compelled compelled to adopt any other mean means s to earn earn livelih livelihoo ood. d. In this this way, crim rimes, loot lootin ing, g, killi illin ng and corruption corruption are increasin increasing g day by day. The governme government nt employees are forced to accept bribes and misuse their powers. Injustice, cruelty and dishonour are prevailing in the society. Pakistan is a poor country. Most of the people ar e living below poverty line. Unfortunately wealth is storing and rolling in the hands of a few people. These wealthy people buy things at huge prices. In this way inflation increases daily. Pakistan holds a strong geographical status on the map of the world, but unfortunately, for a long time, it has been disturbed and teased by the nei gh bour in g c ount r i es . To s af egua r d our nat i onal interest and the country, we have to spend a huge amount of national wealth on the purchase of weapons. We have fought two major wars with India, which have brought severe effects on our economy. . . Our country country lacks lacks industrie industries, s, mills mills and factories factories.. We have to purchase purchase many items from foreign countries. In some fields, we have established our own industries, but we are lack of raw materia materials, ls, which which we have have to purchas purchase e from from foreign foreign countrie countries. s. Pakista Pakistan n is an agricul agricultura turall country. Alas! This sector is not given proper attention. We have to purchase wheat, corn and sugar from our neighbouring countries. It causes high inflation. The frequent elections and instability in the government policies are wasting a huge amount of national money. The projects are almost short termed, left incomplete and in this way the nation faces high inflation. To meet the deficit of the budget budget,, the gove govern rnme ment nt prin prints ts new new curr curren ency cy note notes. s. When When the the mone money y com comes in abun abunda danc nce, e, the the rich rich peop people le waste waste it purch purchas asin ing g thing things s for high prices. prices. In this way the inflation rises. Sometimes the businessmen and the industrialists rise the prices of the things to earn a huge profit. In the same way, the government, sometimes imposes high taxes on some items, which causes for the high inflation and high prices. Our population is very huge. A large number of people needs abundance of things. This situation creates high inflation. Pakistan is an under developed country. It cannot face high inflation. It is, therefore, necessary to deve develo lope pe the the econ econom omy, y, multi multiply ply the the indust industrial rial sector sector,, and to pay pay full full atten attentio tion n to the agricu agricultu lture re to improv improve e the yield yield per acre. acre. The govern governme ment nt sho should uld spre spread ad a netw netwo ork of technical educational institutions to produce professionals and skilful graduates. Each and everybody everybody should be given equal equal rights and the rich people should should be stopp stopped ed to cross cross the limits of wealth.
Unemployment Outline 1.
Introdu Introductio ction. n.
2.
Unemployment is destroying the youth.
3.
U n e m p lo lo y m e n t i s a p r o b le le m f a c e d e v e n professionals.
4.
Over population has increased unemployment.
5.
Lack of industries, factories and mills.
by t h e
6.
Long tenure of employment and entry of retired people into other jobs.
7.
Poor agricultural system.
8.
Lack of technical and commercial education.
9.
Conclu Conclusio sion. n.
When a person is not engaged in any kind of work to earn his livelihoo.d, such a state of life is called unemployment. unemployme nt. Unempl Unemploym oyment ent is one of the serious serious and and grave proble problems ms of the entire world. Unemployment has not only disturbed and confused the third world countries, but it has has also lso grip ripped the the West West where where the people people are highly highly skilled skilled,, educate educated d and progressive. A huge population of the world is unemployed. Howeve However, r, Pakista Pakistan n is facing facing the the critical state of unemployment. Pakistan is an under developed developed country. It has been trying its level best best to overcom overcome e this problem of unemployment, but unfortunately the problem of unemployment is increasing day by day. The youth are the future-builders of our nation and the fate of the country will come in their hands in the days to come. Alas! Alas! The youth, youth, due to jobles joblessne sness ss E.re becomin becoming g crimin criminals als and rascals. They are being wasted. These unemployed youths are looting, robbing and stealing the thin things gs to meet meet thei theirr need needs. s. Most Most of the unempl unemploye oyed d youths youths have have associ associate ated d with with the gangste gangsters, rs, extremists extremists and terrorists, terrorists, who exploit exploit them for their own benefits. Apart from these factors, there are countless educated people, holding Master degrees and most of them are profes professio siona nals ls like like docto doctors, rs, engin engineer eers s and compu computer ter specia specialist lists, s, but they they are jobles jobless s and and unemployed. There are many many factors factors responsi responsible ble for the unemploymen unemployment. t. The first and foremost foremost is over over population. Our population is very huge and gigantic, while the resources are meagre. The population is increasing rapidly, but the resources are not multiplying at the same speed. On the the othe otherr hand hand,, the gove govern rnme ment nt cann cannot ot prov provid ide e so many many jobs jobs to such such a huge huge population. Education is the birth right of all of us. All parents desire to educate their children. As a result, the universities are producing innumerable graduates every year. On the other hand, the government cannot give so many jobs to all the people. Unfortunat ely, the money of the national treasur e i s accum accumula ulate ted d in the the han hands ds of of a few few people. people. They deposit this money either in banks or homes or waste wast e it on unnecessary pomp ad ad show. show. They They are not ready ready to invest this huge huge money money in productiv productive e business businesses es like establishing establishing factories, industries and mills. Similarly most of our politicians have stored the national money in the foreign foreign banks banks and so the governm government ent does does not have s ources to employ empl oy the huge h uge number of yout youths hs.. The The governm rnment can cannot estab tablish lish new proj rojects cts to wash off the the spo spot of unemployment. The tenure for job and sen/ice is long. The people who are serving in government offices are not ready ready to retire retire from the job. job. They are old old and and weak weak and and cann cannot ot serve serve well well.. They They get get extension of tenure for their jobs. If by any means, these old employees retire from one office, they enter other jobs. In this way the chances for the young people are snatched and they are left left unempl unemploye oyed. d. Similar Similarly, ly, there there is a quota quota system system in all depa depart rtme ment nts. s. The The son, son, whet whethe her r deserves or not, is supposed to succeed his father. In this way the right of intelligent people is snatched and they are deprived of justice and employment. employment. Pakistan is an agricultural country. About 70 % of its popula populatio tion n depend depends s upon upon agricul agriculture ture,, but unfortu unfortunat nately, ely, this this sect sector or is left left unto untouc uche hed. d. If agri agricu cultu lture re is give given n prop proper er atte attent ntio ion, n, the the prob proble lem m of une' une'mp mplo loym ymen entt woul would d be solve solved d considerably. The education system of our country is not pacing with the modern world. It is
not challenging and productive. productive. It is based on theoretica theoreticall approach approach.. The practical practical approach approach is absent in it. The youth have Master degrees in their hands, but they cannot utilize their knowledge knowledge practically. There should be professional, technical, industrial 'and commercial education. The youth should be trained in proper skills and arts so that they may depend on themselves in the future. Unem Unempl ploy oyme ment nt has has dist distur urbe bed d the the enti entire re worl world. d. Howe Howeve ver, r, it can be contro controlle lled. d. The governmen governmentt and the private private sector sector shou should ld estab establis lish h indus industri tries es,, facto factorie ries s and and mills. mills. The The educ educat ated ed youth should be given interest-free loans to establish business businesses es of their own. The universities should produce professionals. People, retired from any job should be banned to work on any other post. The merit system -should be imolemented and corruption should be avoided by all means.
The Role of Banks in Economic Development Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Introd Introduct uction ion and and histo history ry of banki banking. ng. The star startt of the the money money lendi lending ng syste system. m. Meanin Meaning g of of the the term term "bank" "bank".. Intere Interest st syst system em in in the the ban banks. ks. The banks banks condu conduct ct sale and and purchas purchase e for the the custome customers. rs. Commercia Commerciall banks banks give give loan loan to to the customers customers.. 7. On-line banking and ATM system are the wonders of the banks. 8. Islamic Islamic view view of of interes interest-free t-free banking banking system. system.
Bank is an institution which conducts transactions of money. The people deposit their money in the safe custody custody of banks. banks. The transaction transaction of money in the banks is conducted through accoun accountt number numbers. s. The origin of banking banking can be traced traced in the histo history. ry. It is belie believe ved d that that the Babylonians used their temples as banks 2000 B.C. ago and the priests acted as bankers. With the passage of time the Greeks and the Romans organized private banks in such a way that the public had full confidence confidence in them. They followed proper rules and regulations. As the time passed, trade and commerce started expanding and the money lenders organized themselves. Originall Originally, y, the money lenders used to lend their own money but then they started lending lending money of other people people which had been entrusted to them. This was the start of depositing money into the banks and the banking system. The Goldsmith had built vaults and strong rooms to save their money and other possessions. The common public entrusted their money to the Goldsmith for the safe custody. The public seldom wanted to withdraw all their savings at one time. In this way, the bankers and the Goldsmith used to lend that money to other people. They kept a percentage of the deposits to meet day to day withdrawals and lent out the rest on interest. Next, the bankers began to lend t h e i r own currency c urrency notes. Later on, these t hese curren currency cy note notes s were were repla replaced ced by cheq cheques ues.. The word Bank, which is derived from the Latin word Banco, means a bench upon which the early bankers used to transact their business in the market place. The word Bank may mean the joint stock fund. The modern banking system is a huge organ organiza izatio tion. n. Usually Usually six bankin banking g structures structures work in a country. These are the State Bank, Commercial Commercial Banks, Saving Saving Banks, CoCo Operative Opera tive Banks, Exchange Exchan ge Banks Ba nks and Specialize Speci alize d' Fina Financ ncia iall Ins Instit titut utio ion. n. The Banks play various functions. They accept deposits of the public. public. The people people deposit deposit their mone money y in bank banks s for for secu securit rity y purp purpos oses es.. This This mone money y is used used by the the gove govern rnme ment nt for for vari variou ous s
developmental projects. The government gives interest to the people for their deposited money. This is the oldest banking form and function. All Commercial Banks act as agents for payment. They allow their customers to have current c urrent accounts on which they they can with with draw money money from the bank by cheque system. The State Bank, which is the sole authority, issues currency notes. The public uses these currency notes in various business and earns profit. Sometimes, these new currency curr ency notes cause inflation. The banks lend money to the customers. It is a profitable profitable busines business s for the bank. bank. The banks receive receive due interest and mark up for the loan given to the customers. The people use the money of the banks and invest it in various types of business. They pay interest as well 3S tax for the money to the governmen government. t. The banks act as agents for the customers. They conduct comm commerc ercia iall trans transac actio tions ns.. For For exam exampl ple, e, the the bank banks s purch purchas ase e cars cars and other vehicles vehicles for the customers. customers. The people return the money money with full interest to the* bank in various instalments. instalments. Similarly, Similarly, the banks allow credit credit cards to the customers. customers. The customers purchase various items and the money is paid through the credit card, In this way, the banks earn money for the governme government nt through through interes interestt system. system. The banks banks issue bank bank drafts draft s and traveller travel ler cheques. In this way the money of the people is saved. The banks also accept payments of insurance premiums, electricity, telephone and gas bills etc. The The comm commer ercia ciall bank banks s provid provide e lo an s to farme farmers, rs, industrialists, traders and businessme businessmen. n. These people flourish their their busines businesses ses with the money money given by banks banks and as a resul result, t, they provide an increase in national national output, employment and per capita income. income. The banks have provided on-line banking facility to the customers. There is ATM facility which has enab enable led d us to with withdr draw aw mone money y from from the the bank banks s roun round d the the cloc clock. k. The The bank banks s help help the the customers in doing export and import trade. The banks have facilitated the purchase and sale of foreign currencies. Modern Modern banking banking is based based on interest. interest. Interest is strictly strictly forbid forbidden den in Islam. Islam. Those Those scholars, scholar s, who are expert both in Islamic Islamic econom economic ic system system and modern modern econom economic ic system, system, have have given many practicable suggestions to launch interest-free banking. Islam is not against banking, but it is against the interest because interest is producing accumulation of wealth in few hand hands. s. For the sake of wide and real real circul circulati ation on of weal wealth, th, interest-free i nterest-free banking is essential. According to the Islamic concept of Economics, we have the-best interest-free Banking system, and the authorities must implement it.
