Literature and Case Studies
Guided By: Prof. Sujay Sengupta
Submitted By: Samanyu Bhatnagar 31/09
ICRISAT
The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) is a non-profit, non-political organization that conducts agricultural research for development in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
Location: Patancheru, Hyderabad Built in: 1972 Area: 1400 Hectares Architects: B.V. Doshi
Users: Scientists, PhD Scholars, Farmers
J.A. Stein J.R. Bhalla
Building Components: Administrative Complex Purchase and Supply Department Farm, Engineering and Transport Service Conference Halls Cafeteria Housing Facility Auditorium Crop Work Area Processing and Grain Storage Yards Library Exhibition Centre Research Laboratories
Site Plan Scale-1:5000
Zoning Total Farmland: 145 Acre •The complete area is used to research on three different types of crops in one season •Crop Demonstration Blocks for demonstration of achievements Workspaces •Work stations are divided as per research specializations •Each department has its own labs and a greenhouse •A separate supplies and processing unit Housing Facility •Flats provided for research associates •International guest house has more than 50 rooms •In-house employees have a separate housing Extra Complex •ISH and the PTTC have also take abode inside the campus but do not use any of their services
Features •Large column-less open spaces •Exposed concrete work •A single long corridor that runs through has smaller covered pathways •All the laboratories are single storey compounds while the administrative block is double storey with the Directors’ Office and Library on the first floor. •A separate conference hall with a Ushaped seating plan for 16 people. •Some highly important buildings have a textured stone plaster finish on the walls.
•Saw Tooth Roof Construction covers a large span with least visual barriers and humongous domains to work in. •The whole 57000 sq. ft. area of the unit has no HVAC system and is kept exposed to the natural climate. The Roof style adds sufficient amount of light cutting the harsh glare of the sun for the workers. •Barrel Vaulted Roof in the storage and processing block with least exterior exposure in terms of light and air. •An exhibition space with an audio-visual room also attached with it and a small library to showcase the periodicals. •The Greenhouses have a Polycarbonate skin as their walls till sill level and the shed is of High Density Polyethylene. •An exposed concrete covered, colonnaded passage in the end of the corridor leads to the parking and also connects the labs with the experimental sheds.
Laboratory •A well equipped module •Entry via an Air wash to keep the lab clean •RCC Walls with a concrete slab on top •The cooling is concealed with ducts hidden in the roof structure •Separation of zones •Waste disposal room and store
Services •Service corridor for each side •Supplements installed in them •Ducts flow through ground and exhale the air outside •Non electric air turbines used in crop work area
Inferences Positive •Effective Planning •Auditorium and Conference Facility •Climate Responsive •Interior Services •HVAC Systems •Natural Sources
Negative •Energy Wastage •Drawback of Concrete
CRIDA
Location: Santoshnagar, Hyderabad Built in: 1985 Area: 18.2 acres Architects: CPWD Users: Scientists, PhD Scholars, Farmers Building Components: Administrative Complex Agriculture Knowledge Management Unit Research Labs Conference Hall Cafeteria Guest House Auditorium Crop Work Area Grain Storage Yards Library Research Project cell for Agrometerology Research Project cell for Dryland Agriculture
Zoning Campus Green •3 Fields are used to research on three different types of crops in one season •One extra part has been kept for expansion Workspace •Multiple Units in two blocks •3 Greenhouses in total •Special equipment that is kept outside •2 Workshops and 1 Supply unit
Administration •Director and senior scientist offices •Auditorium of 350 seat capacity
Residential •185 sqm Directors residence •International Guest house has 32 rooms of 2 different variants •Parking of 70 cars and 150 two-wheelers
Features •Auditorium is new and all the workshops and seminars are held there •Separate balcony with 60 seats •Wooden battens used as acoustical treatment •Hard wood stage •Double storey admin block •Plaster finish on exterior with use of louvers in labs •15m wide access road •Polycarbonate covering on greenhouses with steel frame to support •Roof of thin plastic like breathable mesh for air to pass through; no external air support •Rainout Shelter, a special mobile equipment that is present on campus
Features •The Guest house has 20 Deluxe and 12 Premium rooms •A dining hall for 30 pax •Beside the guest house is essential staff houses •130-150 sqm flats •Surrounding the site is the crop research fields •Parking shelters are provided but the institute promotes eco-friendly nature thus only limited amount of vehicles are allowed inside
Inferences Positive •Connectivity •Auditorium •Equipment Space •Finishing •Eco-friendly •Circulation
Negative •Lighting •Ventilation •Material Quality •Maintenance
comparative analysis ICRISAT
CRIDA
Infrastructure
Well equipped and maintained
Ill equipped and disorganized
Users
•Scientists, Scholars, Research fellows
•Scientists, Scholars, Research fellows
Highlight of the Building
•Usage of spaces •Natural Light
•Proximity of departments •Eco-responsive surrounding
Laboratories
•International exposure •Technologically advanced •Well ventilated •Ambient lighting
•International exposure •Poor ventilation •Inconvenient lighting •No safety
Spatial Arrangements
•Large spaces •Each scientist had at least 30 sqm to work •To much of space lead to increase in footprint indirectly affecting maintenance and services
•Compact and precise spaces •Right amount of workspace given in labs •6 meter wide corridors with 50 sqm labs on both sides
Architecture
•North light Truss •Barrel Roof •Exposed Concrete •Coffer Slabs
•Circulation Spaces •Site Planning •Zoning •Orientation
ICRISAT
CRIDA
•Large campus •Restricted Movement •Shuttle services •Use of battery powered micro-buses
•Less roads •Promotes pedestrian traffic •Categorized movement of vehicles
Building Materials
•Locally available materials like stone •Exposed concrete finish as per climate
•Brick walls with plaster finish •Use of brick jallis as shading device •No local material used particularly
Structure System
•Single Storey RCC construction •Crop work area double height structures with special roof •Triple storey housing blocks
•Double Storey admin block •Brick stricture •Labs have added columns for support
Adaptability
•Geothermally supported HVAC •Natural ventilation and lighting •Recycle of farm waste •Orientation of buildings was towards North and North East
•Less area coverage •Recycle of farm waste •Orientation was appropriately towards North but added features like chajjas and jalli work
Services
•Concealed HVAC •Ambient lighting •Perfect combination of service movement and zone segregation
•Provision of services to laboratories is effective •Admin block had dark unlit corners •Wash-rooms were with no ventilation
Vehicular Involvement
mlfo facility Type: Production, energy and recycling Location: Goshen, United States of America Architect: De Leon & Primmer Architecture Workshop Completed in 2009
Integrated Design Approach •Favours conventional construction •Ordinary materials •Focus on a holistic approach
Design Overview •Utilizes simple passive strategies •Minimize building footprint •Taking advantage of the existing topography •Minimizing on maintenance •Remove the Heat Island Effect •Outdoor work courtyard but screens the farm equipment •Consolidates lighting and site requirements •Recycled and regionally sourced materials •Uses a conventional Pre-fab wood/bamboo truss frame •Hidden elements are used as design features •Insulated floor slabs fuelled by waste wood •Drainage channels below roof eaves •Bamboo stalks are tethered with galvanized re-bar wire ties
serta
Type: Production, energy and recycling Location: Hoffman Estates, United States of America
Architect: Epstein Metter Studio Completed in 2009
Constructed Area: 8,360 sqm Integrated Design Approach •Promotes employee’s right to work •Extensive use of natural light, ventilation, etc •Developed as a natural prairie landscaping
Design Overview
•Overland drainage bio swales •Pervious paving •Building covers less than 10% of allowed area •Development of programmatic functions portrayed in building massing
•Building generates a strong horizontal datum line •Grows organically while reflecting the nature •Glass edged public circulation path, offices, rooms and a trellis terrace •Design intent is to float the building over the landscape
aron r&d centre
Type: Production, energy and recycling Location: Shinpou, Japan Architect: Osamu Morishita Architects and Associates Completed in 2011 Site Area: 22,523 sqm
Integrated Design Approach
•Each part of the complex is connected •Towers are like a network •Space is organic •27 Hexagonal towers to support each triangle space •Creating specific and stimulus spaces
Energy Efficiency •Semi passive solar system •Radiant air cooling floor •Use of rainwater
site Location: Maharashtra, India Area: 710 sqm Population: 60,49,900 Earthquake Zone: 3 •Harsh dry sun throughout summers •Very less variation of temperature in winters •Use of chajjas in houses with minimum or no balconies
coa
•College of Agriculture is on of the first five agriculture college in India •Strong imposing British colonial architecture was completed in 1911 •With an eminent history in field of research the college plans to expand a dedicated institute on research of agriculture under the guidance of ICAR •It has allotted more than 15 acres in its fields to propose a research institute
Approach is through the college main entrance having a 15 m wide road. The site is also surrounded on 3 sides by a 15 m wide road
Surroundings •NCC Headquarters •College Main Building •Railway line that connect to the main station •Proposed Metro Depot
requirements Administrative Block •Office of 25 sqm each •Cafeteria 1000 sqm •Conference Hall •Floor height of not less than 6.5 m •Library •4 sets of wash-rooms Commercial Centre •Shops of size 30 sqm minimum •1000 sqm exhibition area •1500 sqm open public space •6 Sets of wash-rooms Laboratories •15 sqm workspace per scientist •80 sqm equipment room •20 sqm storage space •As per laws, 2 exits for each lab •Air wash system of 12 sqm •2 sets of wash-rooms •Greenhouses Others •Crop Work Area of 800 sqm •30 sqm offices for processing •500 sqm packaging and supplies •130-180 sqm suites for guest house •200 sqm dining hall
