AINZA VS. PADUA This is a case involving family members. In April 1987, Ainza and her daughter ugenia orally agreed that Ainza pay !1""# in e$change for halff of the por hal portio tion n of u ugen genia% ia%s s und undivi ivide ded d con con&ug &ugal al pro prope perty rty 'a lo lott located in ()*. +o eed of Absolute -ale as e$ecuted. There as physica phy sicall del delive ivery ry of the lan land d thr throug ough h )on )oncep cepcio cion% n%s s oth other er da daugh ughter ter '+at '+ ativ ivid idad ad** ac acti ting ng as at atty ty/i /in/ n/fa fact ct.. )o )onc ncep epcio cion n th ther erea eaft fter er al allo loe ed d +atividad and her husband occupy the purchased portion of the land. In 1990, Antonio caused the division of the lot into three 'to ere occupied by the spouses*, necessarily displacing +atividad. e also had each subdivision titled. Antonio re2uested +atividad to vacate the premises. Antonio averred that his ife only admitted of selling 134 of the property to )oncepcion for hich a receipt as issued signed by )oncepcion. The 5T) ruled in favor of )oncepcion. The )A reversed the 5T) ruling. )A e$plained that the property is con&ugal hence the sale should have been ith Antonio%s consent. ISSUE:
6hethe 6het herr or no nott th the e co cont ntra ract ct of sa sale le be bet tee een n Ain inza za an and d ugenia is valid. HELD: es
it is valid until annulled 'voidable*. There as a perfected contract of sale beteen ugenia and )oncepcion. The records sho that ugenia offered to sell aportion of the property to )oncepcion, ho acce cep pted the offer and agreed to pay !1"","""."" as consid con sidera eratio tion. n. Th The e con contra tract ct of sal sale e as con consum summat mated ed h hen en bot both h part pa rtie ies s fu full lly y co comp mpli lied ed i ith th th thei eirr re resp spec ecti tive ve ob obli liga gati tion ons. s. u uge geni nia a delivered the property to )oncepcion, ho in turn, paid ugenia the price of !1"","""."", as evidenced by the receipt. -ince the land as undivided hen it as sold, )oncepcion is entitled to have half of it. Antonio cannot, hoever, attac# the validity of the sale b3n his ife and his mom/in/la, either under the amily )ode or the ld )ivil )ode due to prescription. The sale came to his #noledge in 1987. e only filed the case in 1999. is right prescribed in 1994 'under the ) :; years<* and 1997 'under )) :1" years<*.
MCCULLOUGH VS BERGER
DICHOSO VS ROXAS
FACTS: Roxas sold to Dichoso and Hernandez a parcel of unregistered coconut land, subject to the condition that the endor could repurchase the land !ithin " #ears fro$ the date of sale% Roxas receied fro$ Dichoso seeral su$s of $one# as initial or adance pa#$ents, !ith the agree$ent that Roxas !ould sell the sa$e propert#, b# absolute sale, to Dichoso% &ut of their re$aining balance, the# !ould use '(") to repurchase the propert# fro$ *orja and Alanguilan !ithin the period stipulated% Dichoso infor$ed *orja of their readiness to repurchase and sent Roxas a chec+% Roxas returned the chec+ !ith the reuest that the# indorsed it to *orja and Alanguilan !hen the# $a+e the repurchase% Despite the repeated de$ands and representations, Roxas and *orja had deliberatel# fails to execute the corresponding deed of absolute sale and deed of resale% -SS./:0hether or not there !as a double sale% H/1D:2o% The contract bet!een the petitioners and Roxas !as a $ere pro$ise to sell because Roxas $erel# pro$ised to execute a deed of absolute sale upon Dichoso3s co$pletion of pa#$ent% &n the date that Roxas could possibl# sell or cone# in relation to the propert# in uestion !as her right to repurchase the sa$e fro$ *orja% The priate docu$ent executed bet!een Roxas and Dichoso can be considered as an assign$ent b# Roxas to
Dischoso of her right to repurchase !hich Roxas onl# had +no!ledge thereof !hen Dichoso atte$pted to $a+e the repurchase% Such being its condition, it could not possibl# gie rise to the case of one and the sa$e propert# haing been sold to t!o different purchasers% The sale in faor of *orja !as of the propert# itself, !hile the one in faor of Dichoso, if not a $ere pro$ise to assign, !as at $ost an actual assign$ent of the right to repurchase the sa$e 'R&'/RT4% Art% 5"66, par%7 of the CC do not appl#% LUZON BROKERAGE VS. MARITIME BUILDING =uzon >ro#erage )o. v. ?aritime >uilding )o. '197@* !laintiff/appellee =uzon >ro#erage )o. efendants ?aritime >uilding )o and ?yers >uilding )o !onente 5eyes, B.>.=., B. octrine The distinction beteen contracts of sale and contract to sell ith reserved title has been recognized by this )ourt in repeated decisions upholding the poer of promisors under contracts to sell in case of failure of the other party to complete payment, to e$tra&udicially terminate the operation of the contract, refuse conveyance and retain the sums or installments already received, here such rights are e$pressly provided for, as in this case. -hort version ?yers corp sold land to ?aritime. In the agreement, they agreed on an installment plan and that if ?aritime missed a payment, the contract ill be annulled and the payments already made ill be forfeited. ?aritime failed to pay so ?yers annulled the contract and did not return payments. -) says ?yers can do this because under contracts to sell, promisors, in case of failure of the other party to complete payment, can e$tra&udicially terminate the contract, refuse conveyance, and retain installments already received, here such rights are provided.
In ?anila, ?yers oned 4 parcels of land 3 improvements. ?yers then entered into a contract called a Ceed of )onditional -aleD ith ?aritime >uilding. ?yers sold the land for !1million. They agreed on the manner of payment 'installment, initial payment upon e$ecution of contract, interest rate* In the contract it as stipulated that in case of failure of buyer to pay any of the installments, the contract ill be annulled at the option of the seller and all payments made by the buyer is forfeited. =ater on, the stipulated installment of !1"# ith ;Einterest as amended to the !;# ith ;.;E per annum. ?aritime paid the monthly installments but failed to pay the monthly installment of ?arch. F! of ?aritime rote to !res of ?yers re2uesting for a moratorium on the monthly payment of the installments because the company as undergoing financial problems. ?yers refused. or the months of ?arch, April, and ?ay, ?aritime failed to pay and did not heed the demand of ?yers. ?yers rote ?aritime cancelling the Ceed of )onditional -aleD ?yers demanded return of possession of properties eld ?aritime liable for use and occupation amounting to !1"# per month In the meantime, =uzon >ro#erage as leasing the property from ?aritime. ?yers demanded from =uzon the payment of monthly rentals of !1"#. ?yers also demanded surrender of property. 6hile actions and crossclaims beteen ?yers and ?aritime ere happening, the contract beteen ?aritime and =uzon as e$tended for 0more years. Turns out, ?aritime%s suspension of its payments to ?yers corp arose from a previous event An aard of bac#ages made by the )ourt of Industrial 5elations in favor of =uzon =abor Gnion 'employees employed by =uzon*.
?yers as a ma&or stoc#holder of =uzon >ro#erage. ?yers promised to indemnify -chedler 'ho controlled ?aritime* hen -hedler purchased ?yers%s stoc# in =uzon >ro#erage company. 'This indemnification is for the aard of bac#ages by the )I5* -chedler claims that after ?yers estates closed, he as notified that the indemnity on the =abor Gnion case ill not be honored anymore. And so, -chedler advised ?yers corp that ?aritime is ithholding payments to ?yers corp in order to offset the liability hen ?yersheirs failed to honor the indemnity agreement. T) ruled ?aritime in breach of contract. Issue
as there been a breach of contractH )an ?yers e$tra&udicially terminate the contractH
eld es. 5atio ailure to pay monthly installments constitute a breach of contract. efault as not made in good faith. The letter to ?yers corp means that the non/payment of installments as deliberately made to coerce ?yers crp into ansering for an alleged promise of the dead ?yers. 6hatever obligation ?yers had assumed is not an obligation of ?yers corp. +o proof that board of ?yers corp agreed to assume responsibility to debts of ?yers and heirs. -chaedler alloed the estate proceedings of ?yers to close ithout providing liability. >y the balance 'of payment* in the eed of )onditional -ale, ?aritime as attempting to burden the ?yers corp ith an uncollectible debt, since enforcement against ?yers estate as already barred. ?aritime acted in bad faith.
?aritime%s contract ith ?yers is not the ordinary sale contemplated in +)) 1;9@ 'transferring onership simultaneously ith delivery*.
The distinction beteen contracts of sale and contract to sell ith reserved title has been recognized by this )ourt in repeated decisions upholding the poer of promisors under contracts to sell in case of failure of the other party to complete payment, to e$tra&udicially terminate the operation of the contract, refuse conveyance and retain the sums or installments already received, here such rights are e$pressly provided for, as in this case. ecision affirmed !5TI) F-. )5I-T>A= in 198, spouses !ortic ac2uired a parcel of land ith a 4 door apartment from -ps. Alcantara even though they%re aare that the land as mortgaged to the ---. !ortic defaulted in paying ---. The !ortics then e$ecuted a contract ith )ristobal and the latter agreed to buy the said property for !@""#. )ristobal%s don payment as !0;# and she also agreed to pay ---. The contract beteen them states That hile the balance of !1;;,"""."" has not yet been fully paid the I5-T !A5T6+5- shall retain the onership of the above described parcel of land together ith its improvements but the -)+ !A5T >G5 shall have the right to collect the monthly rentals due on the first door '14/A* of the said apartmentJ 'payment is due @@?ay 198;, if )ristobal ill not be able to pay !ortic ill reimburse*A transfer certificate as e$ecuted in favor of )ristobal. )ristobal as not able to pay on the due date. A suit ensued to lift the cloud on the title. ISSUE: HELD:
6ho is the rightful oner of the parcel of landH
The !ortics insofar as there as no contract of sale. 6hat transpired beteen the parties as a contract to sell. The provision of the contract characterizes the agreement beteen the parties as a contract to sell, not a contract of sale. nership is retained by the vendors, the !orticsJ it ill not be passed to the vendee, the )ristobals, until the full payment of the purchase price. -uch payment is a positive suspensive condition, and failure to comply ith it is not a breach of obligationJ it is merely an event that prevents the effectivity of the obligation of the vendor to convey the title. In short, until the full price is paid, the vendor retains onership.The mere issuance of the )ertificate of Title in favor of )ristobal did not vest onership in her. +either did it
validate the alleged absolute purchase of the lot. 5egistration does not vest, but merely serves as evidence of, title. ur land registration las do not give the holders any better title than that hich they actually have prior to registration. Gnder Article 1;00 of the )ivil )ode, mere registration is not enough to ac2uire a ne title. Kood faith must concur. )learly, )ristobal has not yet fully paid the purchase price. ence, as long as it remains unpaid, she cannot feign good faith. -he is also precluded from asserting onership against the !ortics. The )A%s finding that she had a valid title to the property must be set aside.
HEIRS OF MASCUNANA VS. CA Facts: Masunana !u"#t a $a%c&' !( 'an) (%!* t#& +ut#%,c# s,',n"s. Pa%t !( -#,c# Mascunana #& 'at&% s!') t! Su*,'#,". T#& c!nt%act $%,c& ,s /012 -,t# 3012 as )!-n $a4*&nt. T#&,% a"%&&*&nt sa4s: T#at t#& a'anc& !( ONE THOUSAND PESOS 5P6222.227 s#a'' & $a,) 4 t#& VENDEE unt! t#& VENDOR as s!!n as t#& a!8&9$!%t,!ns !( L!t 6/ s#a'' #a8& &&n su%8&4&) ,n t#& na*& !( t#& VENDEE an) a'' $a$&%s $&%t,n&nt an) n&c&ssa%4 t! t#& ,ssuanc& !( a s&$a%at& C&%t,;cat& !( T,t'& ,n t#& na*& !( t#& VENDEE s#a'' #a8& &&n $%&$a%&). Su*,'#," 'at&% s!') t#& sa*& '!t t! La4u*as. <&a%s a(t&% La4u*as -%!t& t! t#& #&,%s !( Mascunana 5s,nc& Mascunana ),&) a'%&a)47 !=&%,n" t! $a4 t#& 6222 a'anc& !( t#& $u%c#as& $%,c& !( t#& $%!$&%t4. T#& a))%&ss&& #!-&8&% %&(us&) t! %&c&,8& t#& *a,' *att&%. H&,%s Mascunana t#&n ;'&) a c!*$'a,nt (!% %&c!8&%4 !( $!ss&ss,!n a"a,nst Ba%t& 5 an ,n),8,)ua' -#!* La4u*as a''!-&) t! sta4 !n t#& su>&ct $%!$&%t47. Issu&: +ON t#& c!nt%act !( a',&nat,!n !( t#& su>&ct '!t ,n (a8!% !( Su*,'#," -as a c!nt%act t! s&'' !% a c!nt%act !( sa'& H&'):
In t#,s cas& t#&%& -as a *&&t,n" !( t#& *,n)s &t-&&n t#& 8&n)!% an) t#& 8&n)&& -#&n t#& 8&n)!% un)&%t!!? t! )&',8&% an) t%ans(&% !-n&%s#,$ !8&% t#& $%!$&%t4 c!8&%&) 4 t#& )&&) !( as!'ut& sa'& t! t#& 8&n)&& (!% t#& $%,c& !( P/012.22 !( -#,c# P3012.22 -as $a,) 4 t#& 8&n)&& t! t#& 8&n)!% as )!-n $a4*&nt. T#& 8&n)!% un)&%t!!? t! #a8& t#& $%!$&%t4 s!') su%8&4&) an) s&"%&"at&) an) a s&$a%at& t,t'& t#&%&(!% ,ssu&) ,n t#& na*& !( t#& 8&n)&& u$!n -#,c# t#& 'att&% -!u') & !',"&) t! $a4 t#& a'anc& !( P6222.22. T#&%& -as n! st,$u'at,!n ,n t#& )&&) t#at t#& t,t'& t! t#& $%!$&%t4 %&*a,n&) -,t# t#& 8&n)!% !% t#at t#& %,"#t t! un,'at&%a''4 %&s!'8& t#& c!nt%act u$!n t#& u4&%@s (a,'u%& t! $a4 -,t#,n a ;&) $&%,!) -as ",8&n t! suc# 8&n)!%. Pat&nt'4 t#& c!nt%act &&cut&) 4 t#& $a%t,&s ,s a )&&) !( sa'& an) n!t a c!nt%act t! s&''. A$$'4,n" t#&s& $%,nc,$'&s t! t#,s cas& ,t cann!t & "a,nsa,) t#at t#& c!nt%act !( sa'& &t-&&n t#& $a%t,&s ,s as!'ut& n!t c!n),t,!na'. T#&%& ,s n! %&s&%8at,!n !( !-n&%s#,$ n!% a st,$u'at,!n $%!8,),n" (!% a un,'at&%a' %&sc,ss,!n 4 &,t#&% $a%t4. In (act t#& sa'& -as c!nsu**at&) u$!n t#& )&',8&%4 !( t#& '!t t! %&s$!n)&nt. T#us A%t. 6/ $%!8,)&s t#at t#& !-n&%s#,$ !( t#& t#,n" s!') s#a'' & t%ans(&%%&) t! t#& 8&n)&& u$!n t#& actua' !% c!nst%uct,8& )&',8&%4 t#&%&!(. T#& c!n),t,!n ,n t#& )&&) t#at t#& a'anc& !( P6222.22 s#a'' & $a,) t! t#& 8&n)!% 4 t#& 8&n)&& as s!!n as t#& $%!$&%t4 s!') s#a'' #a8& &&n su%8&4&) ,n t#& na*& !( t#& 8&n)&& an) a'' $a$&%s $&%t,n&nt an) n&c&ssa%4 t! t#& ,ssuanc& !( a s&$a%at& c&%t,;cat& !( t,t'& ,n t#& na*& !( t#& 8&n)&& s#a'' #a8& &&n $%&$a%&) ,s n!t a c!n),t,!n -#,c# $%&8&nt&) t#& &cac4 !( t#& c!nt%act !( sa'&. It *&%&'4 $%!8,)&s t#& *ann&% 4 -#,c# t#& t!ta' $u%c#as& $%,c& !( t#& $%!$&%t4 ,s t! & $a,). T#& c!n),t,!n ),) n!t $%&8&nt t#& c!nt%act (%!* &,n" ,n (u'' (!%c& an) &=&ct:
T#& st,$u'at,!n t#at t#& $a4*&nt !( t#& (u'' c!ns,)&%at,!n as&) !n a su%8&4 s#a'' & )u& an) $a4a'& ,n ;8& 57 4&a%s (%!* t#& &&cut,!n !( a (!%*a' )&&) !( sa'& ,s n!t a c!n),t,!n -#,c# a=&cts t#& &cac4 !( t#& c!nt%act !( sa'&. It *&%&'4 $%!8,)&s t#& *ann&% 4 -#,c# t#& (u'' c!ns,)&%at,!n ,s t! & c!*$ut&) an) t#& t,*& -,t#,n -#,c# t#& sa*& ,s t! & $a,). But ,t )!&s n!t a=&ct ,n an4 *ann&% t#& &=&ct,8,t4 !( t#& c!nt%act. In a c!nt%act t! s&'' !-n&%s#,$ ,s %&ta,n&) 4 a s&''&% an) ,s n!t t! & t%ans(&%%&) t! t#& 8&n)&& unt,' (u'' $a4*&nt !( t#& $%,c&. Suc# $a4*&nt ,s a $!s,t,8& sus$&ns,8& c!n),t,!n t#& (a,'u%& !( -#,c# ,s n!t a %&ac# !( c!nt%act ut s,*$'4 an &8&nt t#at $%&8&nt&) t#& !',"at,!n (%!* acu,%,n" ,n),n" (!%c&. It &a%s st%&ss,n" t#at ,n a c!nt%act !( sa'& t#& n!n9$a4*&nt !( t#& $%,c& ,s a %&s!'ut!%4 c!n),t,!n -#,c# &t,n"u,s#&s t#& t%ansact,!n t#at (!% a t,*& &,st&) an) ),sc#a%"&s t#& !',"at,!n c%&at&) un)&% t#& t%ansact,!n. A s&''&% cann!t un,'at&%a''4 an) &t%a>u),c,a''4 %&sc,n) a c!nt%act !( sa'& un'&ss t#&%& ,s an &$%&ss st,$u'at,!n aut#!%,,n" ,t. In suc# cas& t#& 8&n)!% *a4 ;'& an act,!n (!% s$&c,;c $&%(!%*anc& !% >u),c,a' %&sc,ss,!n. A%t,c'& 6601 !( t#& N&- C,8,' C!)& $%!8,)&s t#at ,n %&c,$%!ca' !',"at,!ns n&,t#&% $a%t4 ,ncu%s ,n )&'a4 ,( t#& !t#&% )!&s n!t c!*$'4 !% ,s n!t %&a)4 t! c!*$'4 ,n a $%!$&% *ann&% -,t# -#at ,s ,ncu*&nt u$!n #,*J (%!* t#& *!*&nt !n& !( t#& $a%t,&s (u';''s #,s !',"at,!n )&'a4 4 t#& !t#&% &",ns. In t#,s cas& t#& 8&n)!% 5&sus Mascuana7 (a,'&) t! c!*$'4 -,t# #,s !',"at,!n !( s&"%&"at,n" L!t N!. 6/9B an) t#& ,ssuanc& !( a T!%%&ns t,t'& !8&% t#& $%!$&%t4 ,n (a8!% !( t#& 8&n)&& !% t#& 'att&%@s succ&ss!%s9,n9,nt&%&st t#& %&s$!n)&nts #&%&,n.
+!%s& $&t,t,!n&% !s& Mascuana -as a'& t! s&cu%& t,t'& !8&% t#& $%!$&%t4 un)&% t#& na*& !( #,s )&c&as&) (at#&%. URSAL VS. CA In Banuary 198;, 6inifreda Grsal and spouses Besus and )ristita ?oneset entered into a C Contract to Sell Lot & House D. The amount agreed upon as !14","""."". Grsal is to pay !;"# as don payment and ill continue to pay !4# monthly starting the ne$t month until the balance is paid off. After months, Grsal stopped paying the ?onesets for the latter failed to give her the transfer of certificate title. In +ovember 198;, the ?onesets e$ecuted an absolute deed of sale ith one r. )anora. In -eptember 198, the ?onesets mortgaged the same property to the 5ural >an# of =arena for !1""#. The ?onesets failed to pay the !1""# hence the ban# filed for foreclosure. Trial ensued and the 5T) ruled in favor of Grsal. The trial court ruled that there as fraud on the part of the ?onesets for e$ecuting multiple sales contracts. That the ban# is not liable for fraud but preference to redeem should be given to Grsal. The ?onesets are ordered to reimburse Grsal plus to pay damages and fees. Grsal as not satisfied as she believed that the ban# as also at fault. ISSUE: 6hether
or not the )ontract to -ell vested onership in Grsal.
HELD: +o.
There should be no special preference granted to Grsal in redeeming the property. 6hat she had ith the ?onesets as contract to sell in hich case onership as not transferred to her due the suspensive condition of full payment. urther, the property as sold to other properties already. A contract to sell is a bilateral contract hereby the prospective seller, hile e$pressly reserving the onership of the sub&ect property despite delivery thereof to the prospective buyer, binds himself to sell the said property e$clusively to the prospective buyer upon fulfillment of the condition agreed upon, that is, full payment of the purchase price.
In such contract, the prospective seller e$pressly reserves the transfer of title to the prospective buyer, until the happening of an event, hich in this case is the full payment of the purchase price. 6hat the seller agrees or obligates himself to do is to fulfill his promise to sell the sub&ect property hen the entire amount of the purchase price is delivered to him. -tated differently, the full payment of the purchase price parta#es of a suspensive condition, the non/fulfillment of hich prevents the obligation to sell from arising and thus, onership is retained by the prospective seller ithout further remedies by the prospective buyer. -ince the contract in this case is a contract to sell, the onership of the property remained ith the ?onesets even after petitioner has paid the don payment and too# possession of the property.
CARRASCOSO VS. CA In Ma%c# 61 E' D!%a)! P'antat,!n Inc t#%!u"# !a%) *&*&% Lau%! L&8,st& &&cut&) a D&&) !( Sa'& -,t# Ca%%asc!s!. T#& su>&ct !( t#& sa'& -as a 6 #&cta%& !( 'an). It -as a"%&&) t#at Ca%%asc!s! ,s t! $a4 P6.M. P12K -!u') & $a,) 4 Ca%%asc!s! t! PNB t! s&tt'& t#& *!%t"a"& $'ac&) !n t#& sa,) 'an). P62? -!u') & $a,) ),%&ct'4 t! L&8,st&. T#& a'anc& !( P6.3M $'us 62 ,nt&%&st -!u') & $a,) !8&% t#& n&t 3 4&a%s at P61? &8&%4 t# !( Ma%c#. L&8,st& a's! assu%&) t#at t#&%& -&%& n! t&nants #&nc& t#& 'an) )!&s n!t (a'' un)&% t#& Lan)R&(!%* C!)&. L&8,st& a''!-&) Ca%%asc!s! t! *!%t"a"& t#& 'an) -#,c# t#& 'att&% ),). Ca%%asc!s! !ta,n&) a t!ta' !( P6.2M as *!%t"a"& an) #& us&) t#& sa*& t! $a4 t#& )!-n$a4*&nt a"%&&) u$!n ,n t#& c!nt%act. Ca%%asc!s! )&(au't&) (%!* #,s !',"at,!n -#,c# -as su$$!s&) t! & s&tt'&) !n Ma%c# 61. L&8,st& t#&n s&nt #,* '&tt&%s t! *a?& "!!) #,s &n) !( t#& c!nt%act !t#&%-,s& #& -,'' & ',t,"at&). In 61 Ca%%asc!s! &&cut&) a Bu4 an) S&'' C!nt%act -,t# PLDT. T#& su>&ct !( t#& sa'& -as t#& sa*& 'an) s!') t! Ca%%asc!s! 4 L&8,st& ut ,t -as !n'4 t#& 6222 s * $!%t,!n t#&%&!(. T#& 'an) ,s t! & s!') at P3M. Pa%t !( t#& t&%*s an) c!n),t,!ns a"%&&) u$!n -as t#at
Ca%%asc!s! ,s t! %&*!8& a'' t&nants (%!* t#& 'an) -,t#,n !n& 4&a%. H& ,s a's! ",8&n a 0 *!nt# &t&ns,!n ,ncas& #&@'' n&&) !n&. T#&%&a(t&% PLDT -,'' n!t,(4 Ca%%asc!s! ,( -#&t#&% !% n!t PLDt -,'' ;na',& t#& sa'&. PLDT "a,n&) $!ss&ss,!n !( t#& 'an). E' D!%a)! ;'&) a c,8,' cas& a"a,nst Ca%%asc!s!. PLDT ,nt&%8&n&) a8&%%,n" t#at ,t -as a u4&% ,n "!!) (a,t#. T#& RTC %u'&) ,n (a8!% !( Ca%%asc!s!. CA %&8&%s&) t#& RTC %u',n". ISSUE:+#at ,s t#& natu%& !( &ac# c!nt%act HELD: T#& c!nt%act &&cut&) &t-&&n E' D!%a)! an) Ca%%asc!s! -as a c!nt%act !( sa'&. It -as $&%(&ct&) 4 t#&,% *&&t,n" !( t#& *,n)s an) -as c!nsu**at&) 4 t#& )&',8&%4 !( t#& $%!$&%t4 t! Ca%%asc!s!. H!-&8&% E'D!%a)! #as t#& %,"#t t! %&sc,n) t#& c!nt%act 4 %&as!n !( Ca%%asc!s!@s (a,'u%& t! $&%(!%* #,s !',"at,!n.
A c!nt%act !( sa'& ,s a %&c,$%!ca' !',"at,!n. T#& s&''&% !',"at&s ,ts&'( t! t%ans(&% t#& !-n&%s#,$ !( an) )&',8&% a )&t&%*,nat& t#,n" an) t#& u4&% !',"at&s ,ts&'( t! $a4 t#&%&(!% a $%,c& c&%ta,n ,n *!n&4 !% ,ts &u,8a'&nt. T#& n!n9$a4*&nt !( t#& $%,c& 4 t#& u4&% ,s a %&s!'ut!%4 c!n),t,!n -#,c# &t,n"u,s#&s t#& t%ansact,!n t#at (!% a t,*& &,st&) an) ),sc#a%"&s t#& !',"at,!nsc %&at&) t#&%&un)&%. Suc# (a,'u%& t! $a4 t#& $%,c& ,n t#& *ann&% $%&sc%,&) 4 t#& c!nt%act !( sa'& &nt,t'&s t#& un$a,) s&''&% t! su& (!% c!''&ct,!n !% t! %&sc,n) t#& c!nt%act.T #& c!nt%act &t-&&n Ca%%asc!s! an) PLDT ,s a c!nt%act t! s&''. T#,s ,s &8,)&nc&) 4 t#& t&%*s an) c!n),t,!ns t#at t#&4 #a8& a"%&&) u$!n t#at a(t&% (u';''*&nt !( Ca%%asc!s!@s !',"at,!n PLDT #as t! n!t,(4 Ca%%asc!s! !( ,ts )&c,s,!n -#&t#&% !% n!t t! ;na',& t#& sa'&.Ca%%asc!s! a's! a8&%%&) t#at t#&%& -as a %&ac# !n E' D!%a)!@s $a%t -#&n ,t c!*&s t! -a%%ant4. Ca%%asc!s! c'a,*&) t#at t#&%& -&%& t&nants !n t#& 'an) an) #& s$&nt a!ut P.1M%&'!cat,n" t#&*. T#& SC %u'&) t#at Ca%%asc!s! *&%&'4 #a) a a%& c'a,* -,t#!ut a)),t,!na' $%!!( t! su$$!%t ,t. Requisites of Express warranty in a Contract of Sale
567 t#& &$%&ss -a%%ant4 *ust & an a%*at,!n !( (act !% an4 $%!*,s& 4 t#& s&''&% %&'at,n" t! t#& su>&ct *att&% !( t#& sa'&J 57 t#& natu%a' t&n)&nc4 !( suc# a%*at,!n !% $%!*,s& ,s t! ,n)uc& t#& u4&% t! $u%c#as& t#& t#,n"J an) 537 t#& u4&% $u%c#as&s t#& t#,n" %&'4,n" !n suc# a%*at,!n !% $%!*,s& t#&%&!n
