Case Digest

Dycaico v. Social Security SystemGR No. 16135730 November 2005 Fact acts:B s:Boi oi!ac !acio io Dyc Dycaic aico o "as a mem member ber o! t#e SSS$ "it# #is com commo% mo%la" la" "i!e &le &lea a a' t#e t#eir ir ei( ei(#t #t c#il'r c#i l're eame ame' ' i #is 'at 'ata a re recor cor' ' as be bee) e)cia ciaries ries.. * 1+,+ 1+,+$$ Bo Boi!a i!acio cio "as cos cosi'er i'ere' e' re retir tire' e' a' be(areceivi( #is mot#ly -esio !rom t#e SSS. e marrie' &lea o t#e same year t#at #e -asse' a"ay a"a y.S# .S#ortl ortly y a!t a!ter er Bo Boi!a i!acio/ cio/s s 'ea 'eat#$ t#$ &le &lea a )le' "it "it# # t#e SSS a a-a--lic licati atio o !or sur surviv vivor/s or/s -e -esio sio.. o"ever$t#e same "as 'eie' o t#e (rou' t#at u'er Sectio 12%B' o! R ,2,2 Social Security a"$ s#ecoul' ot be cosi'ere' Boi!acio/s -rimary bee)ciary became t#ey "ere ot marrie' 4at t#e time o! #is retiremet.&lea brou(#t #er case to t#e Social Security ommissio$ "#ic# still 'eie' #er claim. *SS&: 8#et#er or ot t#e -roviso 4as o! t#e 'ate o! #is retiremet i Sectio 12%B' o! R ,2,2violates t#e e9ual -rotectio a' 'ue -rocess clauses o! t#e ostitutio. &D: &S &D: &S.. ;#e cla classi ssi)ca )catio tio  vio violat lates es t#e e9u e9ual al -r -rote otecti ctio o cl claus ause e bec becaus ause: e: 1 it is ott (er o ( erma mae e to t# t#e-ur-ose e-ur-ose o! t#e la" la". lassi!yi( lassi!yi( 'e-e' 'e-e'et et s-ouses s-ouses "it# res-ect res-ect to to t#eir etitlem etitlemet et base' o "# "#et# t#e ert#e marria( marria(e e "as cotracte' be!ore or a!ter t#e retir retiremet emet o! t#e ot#er s-ouse$ re(ar'less re(ar'less o! t#e'uratio o! t#e sai' marria(e$ bears o relat relatio io to t#e ac#ievemet o! t#e -olice obess$ materity$ ol' a(e$ 'eat#$ a' ot#er coti(ecies coti(e cies resulti( i loss o! icome or)a or)ac cia iall bu burr'e 'e. .  2 2 it is o ott ba base se' ' o rea real a' subs su bsta tat tia iall 'isti 'istic cti tio os. s. *t is arbi arbitr trar ary y a''iscrimi a''isc rimiato atory ry.. *t u!airly u!ai rly lumlum-s s marria marria(es (es co cotract tracte' e' a!ter a!t er t#e mem member ber/s /s reti retirem remet et as s#amrel s# amrelat atio ios# s#ii-s s or "ere "ere cotra cotracte cte' ' solel solely y !or t#e -ur-ur-os ose e o!  ac9uiri( ac9uir i( bee) bee)ts ts accrui( accrui( u-o t#e t#e 'eat#o 'eat#o!! t# t#e e ot ot#e #err ss-ou ouse se.. ;#e -roviso -roviso also violate violates s t#e 'ue -rocess -rocess clause as it outri(#tly 'e-rives t#e survivi( s-ouses "#oseres-ective marria(es to t#e retire' SSS members "ere cotracte' a!ter t#e latter/s retiremet o! t#eirsurvivor/s bee)ts. ;#ere is outri(#t co)scatio o! bee)ts 'ue suc# survivi( s-ouses "it#out (ivi(t#em a o--ortuity to be #ear'. ;#e -roviso -rov iso crea creates tes t#e -res -resum-tio um-tio t#at marr marria(es ia(es cotracte' a!tert#e members/ retiremet retiremet 'ate "er "ere e etere' ito !or t#e -ur-ose o! securi( bee)ts u'er R ,2,2. ;#is -resum-tio is coclusive because t#e sai' survivi( s-ouses are ot a?or'e' ay o--ortuity to'is-rove t#e -resece o! t#e illicit -ur-ose$ t#ereby also 'e-rivi( t#em t#e o--ortuity to be #ear'. BANK OF COMMERCE vs. SPS. PRUDENCIO SAN PABLO, PABLO, JR. and NATIVIDAD O. SAN PABLOGR PABLOGR NO. 167!. A"#$% &7, &''7 #ico%Na=ario$ #ico%Na=ario$ @. FACTS( Satos obtaie' a loa !rom Direct Fu'ers Aaa(emet a' osultacy *c. Direct Fu'ers Fu'ers i t#eamout o! 1$06C$000.C0. s a security !or t#e loa obli(atio$ Nativi'a' eecute' a S i !avor o! Satos$aut#ori=i( t#e latter to mort(a(e to Direct Fu'ers a -ara-#eral real -ro-erty re(istere' u'er #er ame a'covere' by ;ras!er erti)cate o! ;itle ;; No. 26C6+%7561.* t#e Dee' o! Real &state Aort(a(e eecute' i !avor o! Direct Fu'ers$ Fu'ers$ Nativi'a' a' #er #usba'$ru'ecio$ #usba'$ru'ecio$ si(e' as t#e co%mort(a(ors o! Satos. *t "as #o"ever #o"e ver a(ree' a(ree ' t#at t#e loa obli(at obl i(atio io "as !or t#e solebee) solebee)t o! o! Sa Sato tos s a' a' t#e t#e s-o s-ous uses es Sa ablo ablo merely merely si(e' si(e' t#e 'ee' i or'er or'er to accommo'a accommo'ate te t#e t#e !ormer !ormer.;#e .; #e s-o s- ouses us es o! Sa Sa  ablo ab lo receive' a letter !rom Direct Fu'ers i!ormi( t#em t#at Satos !aile' to -ay #isloa obli(atio. !ter bei( co!rote'$ Satos -romise' to -rom-tly settle #is obli(atio "it# Direct Fu'ers$"#ic# #e actually 'i'. -o leari( t#at t#e 'ebt #a' bee !ully settle'$ t#e s-ouses Sa ablo t#e 'ema'e'!rom Satos to tur over to t#em t#e ;; o! t#e -ro-erty but t#e latter !aile' to 'o so 'es-ite o! re-eate''ema's. Suc# re!usal -rom-te' t#e s-ouses Sa ablo ablo to i9uire as to t #e status o! t#e ;; "it# t#e Re(ister o! Dee's a' to t#eir sur-rise$ t#ey 'iscovere' t#at t#e -ro-erty "as a(ai use' by Satos as collateral !or aot#e ao t#erloa rloa  obli obli(a (ati tio o #e #e secu securre' !ro !rom m t#e t#e Ba> Ba> o! o! omme ommerrce.s ce.s s#o" s#o " i t#e aot a otati atio o stamsta m-e' e' at t#e bac> o! t#e title$ t#e s-ouses Sa ablo -ur-orte'ly aut#ori=e'Satos to mort(a(e t#e sub o! ommerce$ as evi'ece' by t#e S alle(e'ly si(e'

byNativi'a'. byNativi'a'. *t "as !urt#er s#o" !rom t#e aotatio at t#e bac> o! t#e title t#at t#e s-ouses Sa ablo si(e' aDee' o! Real &state Aort(a(e over t#e sub o! ommerce$ "#ic# t#ey ever 'i'.;#e s-ouses Sa ablo )le' a om-lait see>i( !or t#e Euieti( o! ;itle a' Nulli)catio o! t#e S a' t#e 'ee'o! real estate mort(a(e "it# t#e -rayer !or 'ama(es a(aist Satos a' t#e Ba> o! ommerce be!ore t#e A; o! Aa'aue. ;#e s-ouses Sa ablo claime' t#at t#eir si(atures o t#e S a' t#e Dee' o! Real &state Aort(a(ealle(e'ly eecute' to secure a loa "it# t#e Ba> o! ommerce "ere !or(e'. ;#ey claime' t#at "#ile t#e loa "it#t#e Direct Fu'ers "as obtaie' "it# t#eir coset a' 'irect -artici-atio$ t#ey ever aut#ori=e' t#e subse9uetloa subse9uetloa obli(atio "it# t#e Ba> o! ommerce.Duri( t#e -e'ecy o! t#e case$ t#e Ba> o! ommerce$ !or o%-aymet o! t#e loa$ iitiate' t#e !oreclosure-rocee'i(s !oreclosure-rocee'i(s o t#e stre(t# o! t#e coteste' Dee' o! Real Real &state Aort(a(e. Duri( t#e auctio sale$ t#e Ba> o! ommerce emer(e' as t#e #i(#est bi''er a' t#us a erti)cate o! Sale "as issue' u'er its it s ame a me.. cco c cor' r'i i(l (ly$ y$t#e t#e s-ouses s-ouses Sa ablo ablo ame'e' ame'e' t#eir com-lait com-lait to to iclu'e iclu'e t#e -rayer -rayer !or aulmet o! t#e !oreclosure sale. Satos coutere' t#at t#e loa "it# t#e Ba> o! ommerce "as 'eliberately 'eliberately resorte' to "it# t#ecoset$ >o"le'(e a' 'irect -artici-atio o! t#e s-ouses Sa ablo i or'er to -ay o? t#e obli(atio "it# DirectFu'ers. * !act$ it "as ru'ecio "#o cause' t#e -re-aratio o!  t#e S a' to(et# to( et#er er "it# "it # Sato Sa tos$ s$ t#ey t#e y "et "e t tot# to t#e e Ba Ba> > o! o! om omme merc rce$ e$ ebu ebu ity ity Bra Brac# c# to a--l a--ly y !or t#e loa. Ba> o! ommerce )le' a s"er "it# om-ulsory outerclaim$ outerclaim$ alle(i( t#at t#e s-ouses Sa ablo$re-resete' by t#eir attorey%i%!act$ Satos$ to(et#er "it# *ter(ems$ obtaie' a loa a' 'eie' t#e alle(atioa'vace' by t#e s-ouses Sa ablo t#at t#e S a' t#e Dee' o! Real &state Aort(a(e "ere s-urious. Sice t#eloa alrea'y became 'ue a' 'ema'able$ t#e Ba> o! ommerce sou(#t t#e !oreclosure o! t#e sub o! ommerce$ ebu ity Brac#$ testi)e' t#att#e s-ouses Sa ablo -ersoally si(e' t#e Dee' o! Real &state Aort(a(e i #is -rese -re sec ce. e. ;#e ;# e test te stim imo oy y o! a'ocumet a'ocumet eam eamie ierr a' a #a' #a'"ri "riti( ti( e-e e-ert$ rt$ #o"e #o"ever ver$$ belie' belie' t#is t#is claim claim..  ;#e  ;#e e-ert "it itess$ a!ter care!ul !ully eamii( i( t#e loa oa 'oc 'ocumets ts "it# t#e Ba> o! ommer mmerc ce$ atte tteste' t#at t#e si(atures o! t#e s-ouses Sa ablo o t#e S a' t#e Dee' o! Real &state Aort(a(e "ere !or(e'.  ;#e A; A; re'ere' re'ere' a Decisio$ Decisio$ 'ismissi( 'ismissi( t#e com-lait com-lait !or lac> o! merit. ;#e A; 'eclare' 'eclare' t#at "#ile it "as -rove t#at t#e si(atures o! t#e s-ouses Sa ablo o t#e loa 'ocumets "ere !or(e'$ t#e Ba> o! ommerce "ere evert#eless i (oo' !ait#.

((rieve'$ t#e s-ouses Sa ablo a--eale' t#e a'verse 'ecisio to t#e R; o! Aa'aue ity$ "#ic#$ i tur$ arme' t#e u!avorable ruli( o! t#e A;.  Aotio !or Recosi'eratio )le' also by t#e s-ouses Sa ablo "#ic# "as 'eie' by t#e R; !or lac> o! merit. ;#e s-ouses Sa ablo elevate' t#e matter be!ore t#e ourt o! --eals assaili( t#e a'verse 'ecisios o! t#e A; a' R;. ;#e a--ellate court (rate' t#e -etitio )le' by t#e s-ouses Sa ablo a' reverse' t#e 'ecisios o! t#e A; a' R;. ;#e a--ellate court rule' t#at sice it "as 'uly -rove t#at t#e si(atures o! t#e s-ouses Sa ablo o t#e loa 'ocumets "ere !or(e'$ t#e suc# s-urious 'ocumets coul' ever become a vali' source o! title. ;#e mort(a(e cotract eecute' eecute' by Satos over t#e sub o! ommerce$ "it#out t#e aut#ority o! t#e S-ouses Sa ablo$ "as t#ere!ore ue!orceable$ uless rati)e'.  ISSUES(  1.  1 .8#et#er or ot t#e !or(e' S S a' S-ecial o"er o"er o! ttorey coul' be a vali' source o! a ri(#t t o !oreclosure a -ro-erty

2.8#et#er or ot t#e a"ar's o! Dama(es$ ttoreys Fees a' iti(atio &-eses are -ro-er i t#e case at bar )ELD( 1.  mort(a(ee #as a ri(#t to rely i (oo' !ait# o t#e certi)cate o! title o! t#e mort(a(or o! t#e -ro-erty (ive as security$ a' i t#e absece o! ay si( t#at mi(#t arouse sus-icio$ t#e mort(a(ee #as o obli(atio to u'erta>e !urt#er ivesti(atio. ;#is 'octrie -re% su--oses$ #o"ever$ #o"ever$ t#at t#e mort(a(or "#o is ot t#e ri(#t!ul o"er o! t#e -ro-erty$ #as alrea'y succee'e' i obtaii( ;orrets title over t#e -ro-erty i #is ame a' t#at a!ter obtaii( t#e sai' title$ #e succee's i mort(a(i( t#e -ro-erty to aot#er "#o relies o "#at a--ears o t#e title. ;#is$ #o"ever$ is ot t#e situatio i t#e case at bar sice Satos "as ot t#e re(istere' o"er !or #e merely re-resete' #imsel! to be t#e attorey%i%!act o! t#e s-ouses Sa ablo. * cases "#ere t#e mort(a(ee 'oes ot 'irectly 'eal "it# t#e re(istere' o"er o! t#e real -ro-erty$ t#e la" re9uires t#at a #i(#er 'e(ree o! -ru'ece be eercise' by t#e mort(a(ee. ;#e res-o'et$ #o"ever $is ot a or'iary mort(a(ee. *t is a mort(a(ee%ba> a' uli>e -rivate i'ivi'uals$ it is e-ecte' to eercise (reater care a' -ru'ece i its 'eali(s$ iclu'i( t#ose ivolvi( re(istere' la's.  ba>i( istitutio is e-ecte' to eercise 'ue 'ili(ece be!ore eteri( ito a mort(a(e cotract. ;#e Ba> o! ommerce clearly !aile' to observe t#e re9uire' 'e(ree o! cautio i ascertaii( t#e (euieess a' etet o! t#e aut#ority o! Satos mort(a(e t#e sub o! ommerce cause' i o! ommerce "as remiss i t#is obli(atio to i9uire ito t#e veracity o! Satos/ aut#ority to mort(a(e t#e sube"ise vali' sice t#e s-ouses "ere com-elle' to liti(ate a' t#us icur e-eses i or'er to -rotect its ri(#ts over t#e sub
AN& ;. D& G*$ -etitioer$ vs. R; F &S Former Sit# Divisio a'  @S& B. B&@$ re-resete' re-resete' by #is ttorey%i%F ttorey%i%Fact$ermee( act$ermee(il'a il'a bees eclusive -ossessio a' asserts eclusive o"ers#i- o! t#e -ro-erty. * t#e latter case$ #o"ever$ t#e oly -ur-ose o! t#e actio is to obtai reco( eco(i iti tio o o! t#e t#e co%o" co%o"e ers rs#i #i-. -. ;#e ;#e -lai -lait ti? i? ca caot ot see> see> ecl eclus usio io  o! t#e t#e 'e!e'at !rom t#e -ro-erty because as co%o"er #e #as a ri(#t o! -ossessio. ;#e -lait -laiti? i? cao caott recov recover er ay ay materi material al or 'eter 'etermi miate ate -art -art o! t#e -ro-e -ro-erty rty. o% o"ers#i-H ri(#t o! e
t#ere is a a(reemet to lease t#e #ouse$ t#e co%o"ers ca 'ema' ret !rom t#e co%o"er "#o '"ells i t#e #ouse. F;S: etitio !or Revie" o ertiorari. bee' t#e trial court to or'er D& G* to vacate a a--roimate area o! 3+$611 s9uare meters as "ell as -ay 'ama(es. * #is s"er$ D& G* alle(e': 1. t#e com-lait 'oes ot state a cause o! actio a' #as -rescribe'. 2. t#e F*SND "as ori(ially o"e' by Aaima ;ermulo "#o 'ie' itestate "it# rimitiva e t#e t#e recov ecover ery y o! -#ys -#ysic ical al -oss -osses essi sio o oly oly.. ;#es ;#ese e acti actio os s are are brou brou(# (#tt be!o be!orre mui muici ci-a -all tria triall cour courts ts "it# "it#i i oe oe year year !rom !rom 'is'is-os osse sess ssio io. . o"e o"eve ver$ r$ acci accio o -ubliciaa$ -ubliciaa$ "#ic# is a -leary actio !or recovery o! t#e ri(#t to -ossess$ !alls u'er t#e s see>s t#e recov recovery ery o!  o"ers#i-$ also !alls u'er t#e es ta>es eclus eclusive ive -ossessi -ossessio o a' asserts asserts eclusi eclusive ve o"ers#i- o! t#e -ro-erty. * t#e latter case$ #o"ever$ t#e oly -ur-ose o! t#e actio is to obtai reco(itio o! t#e co%o"ers#i-.  ;#e -laiti? caot see> eclusio eclusio o! t#e 'e!e'at !rom t#e -ro-erty -ro-erty because as co%o"er #e #as a ri(#t o! -ossessio. ;#e -laiti? caot recover ay material or 'eter 'etermi miate ate -art -art o! t#e t#e -ro-ro-ert erty y. * ermo( ermo(ea ea G. &(re &(reso so "it# "it# S-ous S-ouse e @ose @ose

&(reso &(reso v. Nestoria De a ru= a' ermiio De a ru=$ "e reiterate' t#e rule t#at a co%o"er caot recover a material or 'etermiate -art o! a commo -ro-erty -rior to -artitio as !ollo"s: *t is a basic -rici-le i civil la" t#at be!ore a -ro-erty o"e' i commo is actually -artitioe'$ all t#at t#e co%o"er #as is a i'eal or abstract 9uota or -ro-ortioate s#are i t#e etire -ro-erty.  co%o"er #as o ri(#t to 'ema' a cocrete$ s-eci)c or 'etermiate -art o! t#e t#i( o"e' i commo because util 'ivisio is e?ecte' #is ri(#t over t#e t#i( is re-resete' oly by a i'eal -ortio. s suc#$ t#e oly e?ect o! a actio brou(#t by a co%o"er a(aist a co%o"er "ill be to obtai reco(itio o! t#e co%o"ers#i-H t#e 'e!e'at caot be eclu'e' !rom a s-eci)c -ortio o! t#e -ro-erty because as a co%o"er #e #as a ri(#t to -ossess a' t#e -laiti? caot recover ay material or 'etermiate -art o!  t#e -ro-erty.  ;#us$ t#e courts a 9uo erre' "#e t#ey or'ere' or'ere' t#e 'elivery o! oe%#al! I o! t#e buil'i( i !avor o! -rivate res-o'et.  Follo"i( t#e i#eret a' -eculiar !eatur !eatures es o! co%o"e co%o"ers rs#i#i-$$ "#ile "#ile B B&@ &@ a' a' D& G* G* #ave #ave e9ual e9ual s#are s#ares s i t#e F*SND 9uatitatively s-ea>i($ t#ey #ave t#e same ri(#t i a 9ualitative sese as co%o"ers. Sim-ly state'$ B&@ a' D& G* are o"ers o! t#e "#ole a' over t#e "#ole$ t#ey eercise t#e ri(#t o! 'omiio. o"ever$ t#ey are at t#e same time i'ivi'ual o"ers o! a I -ortio$ "#ic# is truly abstract because util t#ere is -artitio$ suc# -ortio remais i'etermiate or ui'eti)e'. s co%o"ers$ B&@ a' D& G* may