Calalang vs Williams (Digest)

Calalang vs Williams, Constitutional Law Digest September 9, 2008 G.R. No. 47800. December 2, 1940 MAXIMO CALALANG, petitioer, !". A. D. #ILLIAMS, $% AL., re"po&et".M'(imo C')')'* i +i" o be+')-. %+e c'"e o- C')')'* C')')'* !" #i))i'm" i" o -or t+e e)e*'t e)e*'t e(po"itio e(po"itio o- t+e &e-iitio o- "oci') "oci') /"tice. I t+i" c'"e, "tice L're) &e-ie& "oci') /"tice '" eit+er commi"m, or &e"poti"m, or 'tomi"m, or ''rc+3 bt +m'i5'tio o- )'" '& e6')i5'tio o- "oci') '& ecoomic -orce" b3 t+e St'te "o t+'t /"tice i it" r'tio') '& ob/ecti!e)3 "ec)'r coceptio m'3 't )e'"t be 'ppro(im'te&.  A" I bro"e t+ro*+ t+e etire c'"e, I -o& ot t+'t t+ere i" more to t+i" c'"e t+' t+e &e-iitio o- "oci')  /"tice. I -'ct, 'ot+er import't i""e r'i"e& +ere i" +et+er t+ere '" ' !')i& &e)e*'tio &e)e*'tio o- poer b3 t+e N'tio') A""emb)3 to t+e Director o- b)ic #or". Let " be*i it+ it+ t+e -'ct" o- t+e c'"e. 'ct" I pr"'ce o- Commoe')t+ Act Act :48 +ic+ m'&'te" t+e t+e Director o- b)ic #or", it+ t+e 'ppro!') o- t+e Secret'r3 o- b)ic #or" '& Commic'tio", "+')) prom)*'te t+e ece""'r3 r)e" '& re*)'tio" to re*)'te '& cotro) cotro) t+e "e o- '& tr'--ic o "c+ ro'&" '& "treet" to promote "'-e tr'"it tr'"it po, '& '!oi& ob"trctio" o, ro'&" '& "treet" &e"i*'te& &e"i*'te& '" 'tio') 'tio') ro'&", t+e Director o- b)ic #or" '&opte& t+e re"o)tio o- t+e N'tio') %r'--ic %r'--ic Commi""io, pro+ibiti* t+e p'""i* o- 'im') &r' !e+ic)e" i cert'i "treet" i M'i)'. etitioer 6e"tioe& t+i" '" it co"titte" ' &e &e)e*'tio o- )e*i")'ti!e poer. I""e" #+et+er or ot t+ere i" ' &e &e)e*'tio o- )e*i")'ti!e poer; R)i* %+ere %+ere i" o &e &e &e)e'* &e)e'*'tio 'tio  o- )e*i")'t )e*i")'ti!e i!e poer. poer. Commo Commoe')t e')t+ + Act Act :48 &oe" ot co-er )e*i")'ti!e )e*i")'ti!e poe poer" r" to t+e t+e Direc Director tor o- b)i b)ic c #or" #or".. %+e %+e 't+o 't+orit rit3 3 co-er co-erre& re& po po t+em t+em '& '& &e &err +ic+ +ic+ t+e3 t+e3 prom)*'te& t+e r)e" '& re*)'tio" o comp)'ie& o- i" ot to &etermie +'t pb)ic po)ic3 &em'&" bt mere)3 to c'rr3 ot t+e )e*i")'ti!e po)ic3 )'i& &o b3 t+e N'tio') A""emb)3 i "'i& Act, to it, to promote "'-e tr'"it po '& '!oi& ob"trctio" o, ro'&" '& "treet" &e"i*'te& '" 'tio') ro'&" b3 'ct" o- t+e N'tio') A""emb)3 or b3 e(ecti!e or&er" o- t+e re"i&et o- t+e +i)ippie" '& to c)o"e t+em tempor'ri)3 to '3 or ')) c)'""e" o- tr'--ic +ee!er t+e co&itio o- t+e ro'& or t+e tr'--ic m'e" "c+ 'ctio ece""'r3 ece""'r3 or '&!i"'b)e i t+e pb)ic co!eiece '& itere"t. %+e &e)e*'te& poer, i- 't ')), t+ere-ore, i" ot t+e &etermi'tio o- +'t t+e )' "+')) be, bt mere)3 t+e '"cert'imet o- t+e -'ct" '& circm"t'ce" po +ic+ t+e 'pp)ic'tio o- "'i& )' i" to be pre&ic'te&. %o prom)*'te r)e" '& re*)'tio" o t+e "e o- 'tio') ro'&" '& to &etermie +e '& +o )o* ' 'tio') ro'& "+o)& be c)o"e& to tr'--ic, i !ie o- t+e co&itio o- t+e ro'& or t+e tr'--ic t+ereo '& t+e re6irem re6iremet" et" o- pb)ic pb)ic co!ei co!eiec ece e '& itere"t, itere"t, i" ' '&mii"t '&mii"tr'ti! r'ti!e e -ctio -ctio  +ic+ +ic+ c'ot c'ot be &irect)3 &irect)3 &i"c+'r*e& b3 t+e N'tio') A""emb)3. It m"t m"t &epe &epe& & o t+e t+e &i"cre &i"cretio tio  o- "ome "ome ot+e ot+err *o!er *o!erme met t o--ic o--ici') i') to +om +om i" co-i& co-i&e& e& t+e &t3 o-  &etermii* &etermii* +et+er t+e proper occ'"io e(i"t" -or e(ecti* t+e )'. <t it c'ot be "'i& t+'t t+e e(erci"e o- "c+ &i"cretio i" t+e m'i* o- t+e )'. 1