UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
UEBA1213 BUILDING SERVICES II TRIMESTER MAY 2015
ASSIGNMENT 01: TOUR AND DOCUMENTATION A REPORT OF VISITATION TO KUALA LUMPUR CITY CENTRE AND KUALA LUMPUR CONVENTIONAL CENTRE
GROUP MEMBERS:
JANE LEE YUAN BIN
13UEB06076 13UEB06076
LOH SHI QIAN
13UEB03707 13UEB03707
TAN YING KUAN
13UEB04620 13UEB04620
TEO LIANG EN
13UEB06659 13UEB06659
LECTURER NAME:
MR. ABD MULUK BIN ABD MANAN
SUMMISION DATE:
27 JULY 2015
CONTENTS 1.0
FIRE PROTECTION AND PREVENTION..............................................................3 Fire Fittings ....................................................................................................................3 Wet riser .........................................................................................................................3 Fire staircase .................................................................................................................. 3 Fire extinguisher ............................................................................................................ 4 Fire lift ........................................................................................................................... 4 Emergency evacuation plan ........................................................................................... 4 Fire Door ........................................................................................................................5 Exit sign ......................................................................................................................... 5 Fire telephone.................................................................................................................6 Assembly Point .............................................................................................................. 6 Fire alarm and smoke detector ....................................................................................... 6 Sprinkle .......................................................................................................................... 6 Fire shuttle ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.0
LIFT AND ESCALATOR ............................................................................................ 8 Escalator ......................................................................................................................... 8 Escalator ......................................................................................................................... 8 Pole ................................................................................................................................ 8 Yellow line .....................................................................................................................8 Landing Plate ................................................................................................................. 8 Emergency stop button .................................................................................................. 8 Skirt deflector brushes: .................................................................................................. 8 Direction sign.................................................................................................................9 Comb plates ................................................................................................................... 9 Sign boards..................................................................................................................... 9 Lighting .......................................................................................................................... 9 Lift.................................................................................................................................. 9 Sign board ......................................................................................................................9 Information board ........................................................................................................ 10 Key switches ................................................................................................................ 10 Alarm button ................................................................................................................ 10 Emergency communication device .............................................................................. 10 Shape ............................................................................................................................ 10 Lighting, ventilation, security ...................................................................................... 10 „No smoking‟ sign........................................................................................................ 10
3.0
ELECTRICITY........................................................................................................... 11 Concealed Wiring ........................................................................................................ 11 Power outlets and switches .......................................................................................... 11 Double pole switches ................................................................................................... 11 Electrical room.............................................................................................................12 Electricity load ............................................................................................................. 12 Service building (Gas distinct cooling plant)...............................................................12 Solar panels ..................................................................................................................13 Lightning prevention.................................................................................................... 13
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1.0
FIRE PROTECTION AND PREVENTION
Fire Fittings
All the fire installation pipes and fittings are painted red to be identified clearly to the satisfaction of the Fire Authority. It is not conceal as it is easy for service and maintenance. The fire fighting appliances are stored properly in the cabinet. And there is labelling with write colour on the red background. They also been painted red because it is easier for identification even from far.
Wet riser
Wet risers are used to supply water within building for fire fighting purposes. It is very convenience because fireman can use built in water distribution system instead of their own distribution system in order to fight a fire by running hose. It is permanently charged with water. In tall building like KLCC, fire fighting vehicle unable to access higher level. Hence the wet risers are required as the pumping pressure is higher than can be provided by a fire fighting appliance. It is located within the fire fighting shaft beside the fire lift with red colour painted in prominent position. It is clearly label as wet riser. It is stored in the cabinet that painted red to get attention from fire fighters during emergency.
Fire staircase
The fire escape stairway is separated from the main area of the building which provides a method of escape in the event of fire. It is completely protected by fire resisting enclosure. From the observation, the fire escaping staircase also does not contain any pipe conveying gas or oil, ventilating duct, exhausts fan and air conditioners in order to prevent the spread of fire or smoke through the duct. Besides, there is no obstruction in front of the staircase. It is wider as it has approximately 2 metre to make sure a quick and smooth access to the exit. 3
And the handrail is built to make sure a safety escape of occupant. There are fire fighting appliances like hose reel , wet riser, portable extinguisher and fire lift near to it. Adequate lighting is provided too.
Fire extinguisher
The portable extinguisher is provided in the cabinet near the stairway. It is painted red for easy recognition and visible from all directions. The disadvantage is there is no relevant codes of practise are sited besides the fire extinguisher. In case of emergency, people will not understand the method of operation.
Fire lift
Fire lift is located within the protected shaft to give access to each fire fighting access lobby at each floor level in KLCC.
The lift is operated by emergency power supply.
It is available for use once activates the fireman‟s switch.
The fireman switch is just beside the lift.
Under this mode, the lift only response to car call but not landings calls. There is label beside it to notice the public not to use this lift during fire. Advantage of this fireman lift is it is painted with different colour. It is separated from others passenger lift which can avoid public to access it.
Emergency evacuation plan
The emergency evacuation plan is displayed besides every exit door in the building at conspicuous place. It describes the layout of KLCC with fire fighting equipment and emergency exits. The assembly point is clearly marked on the plan too. The plan is easy to read and the guidance is given very clear. From the plan, the exit route is separated from the rest of the building space. 4
The exit route does not reduce in width along its path of travel from the storey exit to the final exit. The direction of the assembly point is displayed along the path. Next, the evacuation procedure is clearly shown for the public. The position of the fire fighting appliance also clearly mark on the plan. In case of emergency, the fire warden will be on duty to guide the occupant to escape.
Fire Door
The exit s door is fitted with automatic door closers of the hydraulically spring operated type in this case because it is swing doors. Fire rated door with smoke seals. Moreover , there is no other things obstruct in front of the door. Disadvantage is there is no lock and security in this case, public can easily access it. The exit door always close automatically when released as it compliance with the commands of fire authority which show in the notice on the door. It is one way door that can only exit via “Keluar” sign to Ground level. If public need to release the door during emergency case, they may need to break the glass to get access . However, it is not well maintained.
Exit sign
The emergency exit sign “KELUAR” is marked by readily visible signs upside the door. It also do not distracted by any decoration, furnishings or other equipment.
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There is a sign indicating the direction placed in e very location to guide people to the nearest exits. Besides, the sign is illuminated continuously during periods of occupancy.
Fire telephone
The fire telephone is continuously electrical connected to fire brigade communication system and public address system between the central control stations. Fire telephones are used by fire fighter and fir e warden during an emergency. It provides essential communication for those in control. From the observation, it is just located near the fire escape staircase. And it is clearly mark with a telephone sign.
Assembly Point
Assembly point is a location designated as the place for a group to meet or for people to gather in an emergency. It is an open space, occupant can get fresh air after evacuate from the building. It is safe and protected as it is quite a distance from the building.
The assembly point is mark with a clear sign.
And there is a notice beside it to let the public has an alert and to maintain the area well.
There is one fire hydrant located near to it to let fire fighter gain access to the fire fighting process.
Fire alarm and smoke detector
Fire alarm detects and alert people through visual and audio appliance when fire breaks out. It is activated from smoke detectors or heat detectors. It is located every area in the building.
Sprinkle
Sprinkle will discharge water when heat has been detected. All sprinkles are electrically connected to the nearest fire station to response immediately after activation of fire alarm. Approximately 1.8 to 2 metre will have one sprinkle that depends on space.
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Fire shuttle
Fire shuttle is located outside the protected shaft. It serves to separate the main area of the building from the fire fighting shaft.
It prevents the spread of fire.
It is made by fire resistance material.
There is one alarm beside it to give alert and notice to occupant when the fire shuttle is going to shut. It shuts when the adjoining section is on fire.
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2.0
LIFT AND ESCALATOR
Escalator Escalator Inlet of the escalator is designed to have higher position for greater clearance. This can prevent any object from getting caught in the inlet. The escalator is located at the area that can be seen easily and the entrance is free from any obstacle. Pole An aluminium pole with signs is located at the center of the escalator. This is to inhibit the persons who are with wheel chair or baby carriage from using the escalator.
Yellow line A yellow line is painted on edge of each step of escalator to indicate the area of thread and let people to watch out their steps.
Landing Plate Landing plate is located above the mechanism at the end of escalator to facilitate for the access in case of maintenance or emergency. The landing is free from any obstacles to easier the works for repairing.
Emergency stop button The operation panel, including the red emergency stop button and key switch is located near to the landing plate for the purpose of safe and easier maintenance or repairing works. The emergency stop button or switch is used to open the control circuit when the lift have problems or during emergency.
Skirt deflector brushes: Escalator skirt deflector brushes located on bottom side along the escalator provide safe escalator use by giving a subtle indicator to passengers riding near the step‟s edge. This also can alert the passengers from getting too close to the edge and avoid cloth of dress or object being trapped inside.
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Direction sign The escalator has provision to run in both upward and downward directions. It will not run in one direction for one trip and reversed for the next. "Arrow" sign of going up and down is shown in green and "No Entry" sign is shown in red. Both of them are displayed on the operation monitor to give the moving direction of escalator to passengers. Comb plates There are comb plates at the upper and lower landings of every step of escalator. The comb plate teeth is meshed with and set into the slots of the tread surface. It defines the end of a moving escalator step. Sign boards There are several of sign board placed on side of the escalator to alert passengers must in safe condition when using it. We should face the direction of travel, adult should hold small children firmly when standing on escalator and we should take extra care while wearing soft soled shoes. Besides that, we have to hold the handrail when standing on the escalator and push cart is prohibited to be used on it. Lighting This is the lighting on the escalator. We have observed that many of them are broken and cannot provide sufficient lighting for the passengers when using the escalator.
Lift Sign board A sign board is located inside the lift to indicate the maximum weight that it can withstand is 1600 kg which mean can fit to about 23 persons in a lift. The weight limit cannot be exceeded otherwise it will be overloaded. The sign board also shows that children under school age cannot take the lift alone unless is accompanied by adult for their safety.
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Information board A clear board about the information of each floor level is placed on the side of lift door to guide the passenger to reach the level.
Key switches These are key switches located inside of the lift and is used to open for setting up the lift when in the maintenance progress.
Alarm button Alarm button is located inside the lift to let the passenger to press it and inform the rescuers when the lift is in problem and they are being trapped inside the lift.
Emergency communication device This is a device located in the lift which is used by the person who are trapped inside or in emergency to communicate with the rescuers outside.
Shape The lift is designed in semicircle shape and is covered by glass wall to enhance view from inside. However, the disadvantage of using semicircle shape is it will reduce the space inside the lift. Lighting, ventilation, security There are lighting located on the edge of top inside the lift to increase the visibility of the passengers. CCTV also is installed in the lift for safe and security problem. There is no vent hole on top of the lift ‘No smoking’ sign „No Smoking‟ sign board is placed inside the lift to warn and inhibit the passengers from smoking in the lift due to this action will cause fire in the lift and will activate the smoke detector.
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3.0
ELECTRICITY
Concealed Wiring KLCC Suria and conventional centre are both implementing concealed wiring. Not only electrical services, all other services are hidden above the ceiling and only several openable opening is prepared for maintenance. Power outlets and switches It is almost impossible to find out power outlet and switches in public space such as corridor and lobby, but there were some odd exceptions. We believe most of these exceptions are additions of power outlet after the construction had done and they were added for maintenance activities and cleaning. Main switches are located at the electricity room but access to it is prohibited.
Double pole switches There were series of double pole switches install along the tunnel from Suria to KL conventional centre as well as at the outdoor park. Double pole switch has "on" and "off" markings and functions similar to single pole switch. However, since it has 4 brass terminals instead of 2 terminals, it can handle switching 2 hot wires which allows it to switch a 240 volt circuit. The switch will also come with a ground terminal (green screw). Therefore, double pole switches are typically used to switch receptacles and appliances using 240 volt circuits.
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Electrical room Electrical room is a space that related to electrical equipment. For large buildings such as KLCC, they may have central electrical room as well as subsidiary electrical rooms. It is functioning on power distribution or communication. There were several subsidiary electrical rooms on each levels of Suria mall. However, access into the room is prohibited thus only the exterior of the room is able to be observed. Based on the observation, electrical room is usually located together with other services rooms such as telephone room, RWDP room, Wet riser, etc. It is either locked with conventional lock or requiring certificated pass to access it. Electricity load Load is defined as equipment that consumes electricity. Generally, lighting, Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC), building mechanics (lift and escalator) are the common types of electricity load can be found in a commercial building.
Service building (Gas distinct cooling plant) KLCC is implementing a unique system for their energy supplement. There is a service building located at the east of KLCC, next to As-Syakirin Mosque. It is mainly functioning for transferring chilled water to the adjacent buildings such as Petronas Twin Towers, Conventional Centre and Maxis Tower, but at the meantime it has gas turbine to generate electricity through natural gas provided by Petronas. It is able to produce up to 25.8 MW of electricity. As shown in the photo on right, currently one of the buildings is demolished for KLCC-Qatari JV Project. The advantage of having such facility is presenting self-sufficient and it will not be affected by the issue of central system.
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Solar panels Solar panels were installed on the rooftop of Suria shopping mall since 2012 for the purpose of generating energy for the mall. The photovoltaic system manages to cover up to 30% of energy needs of the mall, and result into reduction of reliance on conventional energy generation method such as oil, coal and gas. In addition it is a step forward in reduction of CO 2 gas emission.
Lightning prevention It is crucial to have lightning rod on the rooftop for skyscraper
such as Petronas Twin Towers to prevent damage caused by lightning. There are lightning rods on both pinnacles of the twin towers in order to divert lightning harmlessly to the ground. The image on right shows a emulator is demonstrating how the lightning rods function during event of lightning.
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