Bootstrapping in Compiler Design

Haat st r eppb kdb kGanpb c irMisb dk/ Gakst r ugt b ak P ]ir n Zepir / Laurkec ^

Wu hnb t t imb kOu c o b c c nik taot f i Xiqub r ini nikto art fiGanp npc it b akao

GAN ANZB CIXMIWB DK ‗GWI=59 hy H. ]i g f . GWI ) Wfehken Wb mfu(

P i ne ne b c ^
X@88:8H82558:7:=4 WgfaacaoGanput irWgb ikgiekmIkdb kiir b kd Ykmirt fiDub mekgiao

Esst. Zr ao. Fersfpr iitWb kdf Miper t niktaoGanp nput irWgb ikgi Cav ic yZr ao is sb ak ecYkb v ir s b t y Zukl e hB kmb e

Wuhnb ssb akMeti< 4tf Epr b c ,8:59

Zedi Ka.<

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Haat st r eppb kdb kGanpb c irMisb dk/ Gakst r ugt b ak hy Wfehke n Wb mfu WgfaacaoGanput irWgb ikgiekmIkdb kiir b kd Cav ic yZr ao is sb ake cYkb v ir s b t y,B K ]fb spepirr ipr isikt sny nyawkwa war èkmb so ar net t imhesimupak– Wt ekmer m B IIIOar neto arXisier gfLaurkec s„b keggar mekgiwb wb t fYkb vir sb t y r iduc et b aks . / s / .Wf e hk e n Wb mf u Gakt ikt s 5.B kt r amug t b ak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 8.Wt r ug t ur iaoGanpb c ir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7.Ganpb c irGakst r ug t b ake kmHaat st r eppb kd< . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . = =.Haat st r e ppb kd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 9.Ganpb c b kdGanpb c ir se km]ypiaoHaat st r eppb kd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ?.Xio ir ikg is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5:







Gfept ir-5

B kt r amug t b ak< Haat s t r e ppb k db st f ipr ag is saowr b t b kdeg anpb c ir( are s si nh nhc ir )b kt f it e r d it pr adr e nn nnb k dc e kdu ediwf b g fb tb sb k t i k mi mt ag anpb c i .Eppc y b k dt f b st i g f kb qu i c ie mst aesic o f as t b kdg anpb c i r .

B kt r amugt b ak]aGanpb c ir< Eg anpb c i rb ss itaopr adr e ns nst f e tt r e k so ar nsarg ak v ir t s ,s au r g ig amiwr wr b t t i kb ke pr ad r e nnb k dc e k du e dit as y s t i nc e k du e di .Wy s t i nc e k du e dib she s b g e c c yt f iahl i g t g amiwfb g fb she sb g e c c yb khb ke r yo ar n.Ne b kahl ig t b v iaot fb sb st ag r i e t ie k ixigut ehc ipr adr en. Eg anpb c irb sc b ` ic yt apir o ar n ne kyare c caot fio ac c awb kdapir e t b ak s
Ganpb c et b ak< Ganpb c ir sikehc imt fimivic apniktaopr adr enst feter ine negfb ki-b kmipikmikt . ]f io b r s tf b df ir c i vi cc e kdu edi ,b kt f i529:s ,ne g f b k imi pi kmi kte s s inhc y c ekduediwe weswb wb mic yusim.Tfb c iessinhc yc ekduedipr amugisnar ir iusehc iekm r i c ag e t e hc ipr adr e nst f e kne g f b k ig amiakt f is e ni nie r g f b t i g t u r i ,b tf est ahi namb o b i marr i wr wr b t t i kb ot f ipr adr e nb st ahiix ig u t i makmb o o i r i k tg a n np pu t i r f er mwe r ie r g f b t i g t u r i . Wt r ugt ur i< Eg anpb c i rg ak sb s t saot f r i ine b kpe r t s






Heg Ìkm< B tdb vist fiaut pute sessin nh hc ygamio r an apt b nb zimgamio r an nb mmc iikm. Ni na nar yec c ag e t b ake k mr i db s t i re c c ag e t b ake r ie c s api r o ar ni mf ir io ar pr ag i s sr i db s t i r( r i qu b r i mo ars anipr adr e nv e r b e hc i s) .







Gfept ir‗8

Wt r ugt uriaoGanpb c ir < B keg anpb c ir , •

•

•

c b kie re kec ysb s •

b sg e c c imCIVB GECEKECRWB WarWGEKKB KD e km

•

b spir o ar nimhyt fiCIVB GECEKECR\IXarCIVIX,

fb ir e r g fb g ece ke c ysb s •

b sg e c c imWRK]EVEKECRWB WarZEXWB KD e km

•

b spir o ar nimhyt fiWRK]EVEKECR\IXarZEXWIX.

Mur b kdt fiekec ysb s,t figanp npb c irneke diseWRNHAC]EHCIhy •

r ig ar mb kdt f ib mi kt b o b ir saot fis aur g ipr adr e n

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g ac c i g t b k db k o ar ne t b ak( g e c c i mE]]XB HY]IW)e hau tt f in
•

Tfikt f ib mikt b o b irxb so aukmhyt f ic ix b g e ce ke c y zir •

di ki r e t i st f it a` ikb m

•

ikt ir st f ic ix inixb kt fis ynhac t e hc i( b ob tb skate c r ie myt f ir i)

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e s s ag b e t i st at f idi ki r e t i mt a` ikepab k t i rt at f is y nh nhac t e hc iik t r y x .]f b spab k t i rb sg e c c i mt f iC IVB GEC_EC YIaot f it a` i k.

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Mur b kdt fiekec ysb sarsykt fisb s,t figanp npb c irneyMI]IG]IXXAXWekm r ipar takt fin. n. •

Fawi vi r ,e o t i rmi t i g t b k de kir r ar ,t f ig anpb c e t b aksf au c mpr ag i im e c c awb kdo ur t f irir r ar st ahimit i gt i m.

•

]f is y kt e xek ms ine k t b gpf e si su su ec c yfe kmc iec e r dio r e g t b akaot f i i r r ar smi t i g t e hc ihyt f ig anpb c i r .







Gfept ir‗7

Ganpb c irGakst r ugt b akekmHaat st r eppb kd< Ec chutt fisnec c istaoganp npb c ir sfevinar it fekt wapfesis.Fawivir ,t fisi pf e s ise r ius u e c c yr i de r mi me shi b k dpe r taot f io r ak ti k mart f ihe g ì km.]f i pab ktetwfb gft fisit waikms niitb sapikt amihet i.]fimivic apni niktao g anpb c i r so ark iw pr adr e nnb k dc e kdu e di so b r s tmi vi c api mb ke kix b s t b k dc e kdu e di hu tt f ikr i wr wr b t t i kb kt f iki wc e k du ediek mg anpb c i mhyb t s ic o ,b se kat f iri xe npc i aot f ihaat s t r e ppb k dk at b ak . ik at b akaob npc i ni ni kt b k dec e kdu edi ,hyni ek saou sb k d( pe r tao )t f et Mio b kb t b ak<]f c ekduedi‒ sawkb npc ini nikt et b ak. Kat e t b ak<]mb e dr e n

]-Mb edr en< n< ]f iHaat s t r e ppb k dk at e t b akb sec s ag e c c i m– Hr e t ne kmb e dr e ns ns „e k m,hi g e us iaot f ib r sfepi,– ]mb edr ens„ar– ]anhst akiMb Mb edr en„wfb gfb susimt ar ipr isiktganp npc ix mb edr ens.

Ykmir st ekmb kd]-Mb edr ens ns< ]f io b r s t]mi sg r b hi seg anpb c i ro r an Ct aKwr b t t i kb kW. ]fisigakm]misgr b hiseganpb c iro r an Wt aN wr b t t ikb kN ( arr ukkb kdakN) N) .]fb s wb c chiy aurg anpb c irg anpb c ir . Eppc y b k dt fisi gak m]t at f io b r s t]g anpb c i st fio b r s t]sat f etb tr u ksakne ne g fb k i N.]f ir i s uc tb st f useg a n np pb c i ro r an Ct aKr u kk b k dakne ne g f b k iN. N.









Gfept ir‗=

Fb st ar y< Es s i nh nhc i r swi wi r it f io b r s tc e k du e dit aac st ahaat s t r e pt f ins i c v i s . ]fio b r stfb dfc ivicc ekduedit apr avb misugfehaat st r epwesKICB EGb k5296.]fi o b r stwb mic yusimc ekduedist amasawi wir iHur r audfsH9:::Ec dacb k52?5ekm Cb spb k52?8. Fe r te kmCi vb kwr wr at ieCb s pg anpb c i rb kCb s pe tNB NB ]b k52?8,t is t b k db tb k sb miek ix b s t b k dCb s pb kt i r pr i t i r .Akg it f iyfe mb npr av imt f ig anpb c irt at fipab k twf ir ib t g au c mg anpb c ib t sawksau r g ig ami ,b twe ssi c o f as t b k d. ]f b st ig fk b qu ib sak c ypas sb hc iwf wf ikekb k t i r p r i t i re c r i emyix b s t so art f iv ir ys eni c e kdue dit f e tb st ahig anpb c im.B thar r awsmb r i gt c yo r an t f ik at b akaor u kk b k de pr adr e n akb t s ic oe sb kput ,wfb g fb sec s aus imb kv er b auspr aao sb kt fiar it b g e c g anpu t i rs g b i kg i ,s ug fest f ipr aaot f ett f if ec t b k dpr ahc i nb suk mi g b me hc i .

Haat st r eppb kdGakgipt < ]f ipr ag i s s ,hywf wf b g fes b npc ic e k du e dib su si mt at r e k s c e t iena nar ig anpc b g e t i m pr adr en,wfb gfb kt ur kne neyfekmc iekivikna nar iganpc b get impr adr en ekmsaak,b s `kawkeshaat st r eppb kd. B kat f irwar ms ,y auwe k tt awr b t ieg anpb c i ro arec e k du e diE,t e r di t b k dc e k du e di H( t f ine g f b k ic e kdu e di )e k mwr b t t i kb kc e kdu ediH. ]f inas ta hv b au se ppr ae g fb st awr wr b t it f ig anpb c i rb kc e kdu e diH.Hu tb oHb s ne gfb kic e kdue di b tb sefar r b hc il aht awr b t ie kykakt r b v b e cg anpb c irb kt fb s







]fib npc ini nikt imc ekduedihiganiswi wic ct ist im,sb kgit fimivic apir ser i us b kd b takec e r die ppc b g et b ak( t fig anpb c ir ) . ]f imi vi c api r se r ina nat b v e t i mt ane ` ief b dfqu ec b t yb npc i ni ni kt e t b ak ,s b k g i t f iye r ius b k db tt fi ns ns ic v is . ]fimivic apir ser ina nat b vet imt agr iet iedaammivic apniktikvb r akni nikt , s b kg it fiyer ius b kdb tt fins ic v is . ]fir ib se c s aekide t b v io e g t ar






Gfept ir-9

Ganpb c b kdGanpb c ir s< ]f ihe s b gb mi eb khaat s t r e ppb k db st au sig anpb c i r st ag anpb c it f i ns ns ic v isarat f ir g anpb c i r s .Tima,f awi v ir ,k ii mes ac b mo au kme t b akb ko ar n aoene g f b k it ar u k t f ig anpb c i r sak .

Mivic apb kdesic o -ganpb c b kdganpb c irfesoaurmb st b kgtpab ktst ar igannikm b t < 5






Fec oHaat st r ep< Timb sgussimo uc chaat st r eppb kdwfb gfb sr iqub r imwfikwifevikaegg isst ae g anpb c i ro arau rc e k du edie te c c .B owife v ie g g i s st aeg anpb c i ro arau rc e kdu e di akemb o o i r i ktne g fb kiFN hutwektt amivic apakio ar]N,wi' c cus iFe c o Haat s t r e p

B kgr ini nikt ecHaat st r ep< B tb sec s apas sb hc it ahu b c mt f iki wc e kdue die kmb t sg anpb c i rb kg r i ni nik t e c c y .]f i o b r s ts t i pb st awr b t ieg anpb c iro ares ne ne c cs uhs itaot f ic e kdue di,u sb k dt fe ts e ni s uhs itt awr b t ib t .]f b so b r s tg anpb c i rnu sthihaat s t r e ppi mb kak iaot f iwe y s mi sg r b hi mie r c b i r ,hutt f ir ie o t i rt f io ac c awb kdpr ag i ssb smakir i pi et i mc y < 5)Ix t i kmt f ic e k du edis uhs its c b df t c y . 8)Ix t i kmt f ig anpb c i rs ab tg anpb c i st f iix t i kmi ms uhs it ,hu twb t f au tu sb k d t fikiw o iet ur is. 7)Ys it f ipr i vb au sg anpb c i rt ag anpb c it f ik iw.B kie g fs t i p,t f io i et u r i s b kt r amug imb k t f ipr i vb au ss t i pg e kh ius imb kt f ig anpb c i r .Iv i kwf wf ikt f io u c cc e kdu edib s g anpb c i m, t f ipr ag i s sg e khig ak t b k ui mt ab npr av it f iqu ec b t yaot f ig anpb c i r .

Zr ahc in ekmWac ut b ak< ]f iwar àot r e ks par t e t b akb sis s ik t b e c c ymakiikt b r ic yakt f imak arne g fb k i, wb t f autt f ik iimo are k yt r e ks c e t arb kt fit e r d itne g fb ki ,hu teg r u g b e cpe r taot fi ar b db k ecg anpb c ir( t fihe g ì km,arg amidik ir e t a r )fe st ahir iwr b t t i kb kt f i pr ag i ss .Gc i er c yt f ini t f amb sfe ze r m au s,e kyo c e ws wsarav ir s b df t sb kwr wr b t b kdr u c i s.







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ganp npb c irmivic apir sakc ykiimt a`kaw t fic ekduedihib kdganp npb c im.

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g anpb c i rm iv i c apni ktg e khimak ib kt f ifb d fi rc i v icc e k du e dih ib k d g anpb c i m.

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b npr av i ni ni kt st at f ig a n np pb c i r ' sh e g ` i k mb npr av ik atak c yd ik ir e cpu r pas i pr adr e ns nshu te c s at f ig anpb c i rb t s ic o .

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b tb seg anpr i fi ks b v ig ak sb s t i kg yg fig è sb ts fauc mhiehc it ar i pr amu g ib t s awkahl igtgami.









XIOIXIKGIW

P 5^ .ft t p< / / i k. wb ` b pi mb e . ar d/ wb ` b / Haat s t r e ppb kdQ%86g anpb c i r s %82 P 8^ .f t t p< / / www. pc e kt e t b ak pr amu g t b ak s. g an/ . . . . . / Ganpb c ir Haa`/ GFEZ:7. ZMO P 7^ .ft t ps < / / dg g . dku. ar d/ wb ` b / Ganpb c ir s P =^ .ft t p< / / g akmar . mipe uc . imu/ mnune udf/ . . . . . . / he sb g s ao g anpb c ir g ak st r ug t b ak. pmo P 9^ .ft t ps < / / pr adc e kd. b ko ar ne t b ` . ukb o r ib hur d. mi/ t ie g fb kd/ g anpb c ir he u/ 8::=/ ]mb e dr e ns . pmo P ?^ .ft t p< / / i ne xx . r u/ haa` z/ o b c i s/ nadi ks ik . pmo

Bootstrapping in Compiler Design

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