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Total Dissolv ed Solids (T (TDS DS)) In a boiler generating generating steam, impurities i n the feedwater feedwater concentrat
When a boiler generates steam, impurities in the feed water will concentrate. When the con quality wet steam generated. The concentration of impurities is often termed TDS - Total Dissolved Solids (ppm) and can
Measuring Measuring TDS with the density method TDS = 1.1 10 6 ( ρ - 1)
(1)
where TDS = Total Dissolved Solids (ppm) ρ =
relative density of the boiler water at 15.5 oC
This is a manual method and requires measuring a cooled down sample with a very sensiti
Measuring Measuring TDS with th e conducti vity m ethod TDS = 0.7
σ
(2)
where = σ =
conductivity conductivity (µs/cm)
This method can be used with an automatic resistance meter controlling the blow down cycl normally is used. Be also aware that the conductivity increases increases with temperature. temperature.
TDS Range Boilers are normally operated in the range 2000 - 3500 TDS. TDS .
TDS (ppm)
Blow Down Rate The blow down rate depends on the
Conducti (µs/cm
0
0
1000
2000
2000
4000
3000
6000
4000
8000
steam consumption (steam used in the process and not returned as condensate to the concentration of impurities in the feed water maxi maximu mum m allo allowa wabl ble e TDS TDS in the the boil boiler er
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