leaftleke Yavlstk ea hojuflhkhløf lftarfk Iapafsk
Kcork jës rabrashkfta rabrashkfta
fo.;< / nu`lo ‘ kdosto 97;3
Qf saeëf buark ea sarla
;· Boro ea Xostaflil`leke 97;3
HOFUAFLEO Yavlstk Leaftleke fo. ;<
Ordu``o 79 78 75 72
Qf saeëf buark ea sarla Jadkjkm y Jadkraft pktrohlfkeoras ea `k Axpo Hofstruhhløf Kcork jës rabrashkfta Wrobapk rahofoha k Watstkr por axha`afhlk kjilaftk`
Ajprask 73 7< ;7 ;9 ;5 ;2 ;4
Uowf ck`` Iapafsk ¿[uì as Joea`o Iapafsk? Uarjlfø `k prljark prlj ark o`k ;· Boro ea sostaflil`leke 97;3 Keas ``adk hof fuavos skioras ¿Xkiêks qua...? Uk``aras ea Hojpafskslofas Iapafsk
Hu`turk
87 8; 89 88 85 82 83 8< 57
- Wofta pl`ks hof a` jaelo kjilafta - W`kyks `ljplks : tortudks skfks - ¿\k vlsta højo quaeø `k hksk codkr Wkf ea Rlek? - ¡W`kftkjos 47 ërio`as! - ¡Uafajos uf pkrqua fuavo! - Xustaftkil`leke Elshlp`lfk Blfkfhlark> ¿Højo tafar Elshlp`lfk Blfkfhlark? Boho af a` h`lafta> HYJ ¿[uì as y pkrk quì slrva? - Avo`uhlofkfeo ckhlk ufk Hu`turk Eldltk`
Bufia 59 58 55
@ljplazk ea hostks Krrahlba K`khrkfas 97;3 Yaqpat Hafotas, `kdos y `kdufk
HOFUAFLEO Yavlstk Leaftleke fo. ;<
Ordu``o 79 78 75 72
Qf saeëf buark ea sarla Jadkjkm y Jadkraft pktrohlfkeoras ea `k Axpo Hofstruhhløf Kcork jës rabrashkfta Wrobapk rahofoha k Watstkr por axha`afhlk kjilaftk`
Ajprask 73 7< ;7 ;9 ;5 ;2 ;4
Uowf ck`` Iapafsk ¿[uì as Joea`o Iapafsk? Uarjlfø `k prljark prlj ark o`k ;· Boro ea sostaflil`leke 97;3 Keas ``adk hof fuavos skioras ¿Xkiêks qua...? Uk``aras ea Hojpafskslofas Iapafsk
87 8; 89 88 85 82 83 8< 57
Bufia 59 58 55
Hu`turk ;3 ;< 97 9; 99 98 95 95 92 94 93
@ljplazk ea hostks Krrahlba K`khrkfas 97;3 Yaqpat Hafotas, `kdos y `kdufk
Avaftos
Dafta> Af sus jkrhks, `lstos...
- Uarhark Uarhark ``kjkek - Wrodrkjk ea rabarleos pkrk parsofks hof elshkpkhleke - ¿Xkias quì sldflhk Ajprask Lfh`uyafta? - Xlfardlk as`kiøf 97;3 - Xlfardlk ajohlofk` - @`adø Ktafak k [uarìtkro - ;7 tlps pkrk janorkr tu eldastløf - Jkfano ea` astrìs hof jaeltkhløf Xadurleke> ¿[uì as `k lfdaflarêk sohlk`? Yaspofskil`leke Yaspofskil`lek e Horporktlvk> Yackil`ltkhløf ea ashua`ks 97;3
- Wofta pl`ks hof a` jaelo kjilafta - W`kyks `ljplks : tortudks skfks - ¿\k vlsta højo quaeø `k hksk codkr Wkf ea Rlek? - ¡W`kftkjos 47 ërio`as! - ¡Uafajos uf pkrqua fuavo! - Xustaftkil`leke Elshlp`lfk Blfkfhlark> ¿Højo tafar Elshlp`lfk Blfkfhlark? Boho af a` h`lafta> HYJ ¿[uì as y pkrk quì slrva? - Avo`uhlofkfeo ckhlk ufk Hu`turk Eldltk`
51 52
¡Ba`lz eêk ea `k sahratkrlk! ¡Ba`lhlekeas pkpës!
Kjaflekeas 54 53 17
Elsaûo varea Qf huafto k `k vlstk @k iotkfk jaxlhkfk qua fo puaea bk`tkr af tu astk jaxlhkfk ¡
AELUOYLK@ ELYAHUOYLO Yaspofski`a ea `k ravlstk @lh. Kea`lfk Yêos Barfëfeaz
Aelhløf, hoorelfkhløf ea
Xar pkrta ea Drupo Ajpraskrlk` Iapafsk, as a` rato j ës kdrkeki`a qua ja ck tohkeo afbraftkr. @k hkpkhleke ea kisoriar hofohljlafto ea jls hojpkûaros, `k iþsquaek ea` oinatlvo, a` raspato k` sar cujkfo, `k elshlp`lfk af `k anahuhløf fos ckha ufk ordkflzkhløf þflhk.
jktarlk`as y hoftafleo @ED Dpa. Nosafk Eli Jktþ
Yavlsløf aeltorlk` Lfd. Darkreo Yulik` B`oras
Elsaûo Drëho HH&K elsaûo y hojuflhkhløf
Ho`kioro eaftro ea ufk ea `ks fuavks elvlslofas ea` Drupo, af BlfIA, aftleke qua pkrtlhlpk eaftro ea` slstajk fkfhlaro jaxlhkfo y qua eurkfta `os þ`tljo elaz kûos, sa ck trkfsborjkeo ea ufk aftleke qua oparkik prlfhlpk`jafta hof otrks ajprasks ea` Drupo, k sar `k prljark ajprask yuhktahk qua ajlta eauek af `k Io`sk Jaxlhkfk ea Rk`oras. @o huk` fos hofvlarta k` jlsjo tlajpo hojo ufk ajprask ea sø`leos prohasos ea Doilarfo Horporktlvo, hof oportufleke af `k lfborjkhløf fkfhlark qua sa prasaftk y soira toeo hof ra`khlofas borjk`as ea lfborjkhløf hof aftlekeas hojo `k Hojlsløf Fkhlofk` Fkhlofk ` Ikfhkrlk y ea Rk`oras, Rk`oras, Ikfho ea Jìxlho y `k proplk Io`sk Jaxlhkfk Jaxlh kfk ea Rk`oras. Rk`oras.
Wroeuhhløf Drëhk Qflprlft
Aelhløf iljastrk` k hkrdo ea `k Elrahhløf ea Easkrro``o Cujkfo ea` Drupo Iapafsk k trkvìs ea` ërak ea Hkjilo y Hu`turk Ordkflzkhlofk`.
@k ravlstk as pkrk tl, HOJWËYUA@K HOJWËY UA@K HOF UQ BKJL@LK
Af BlfIa, pkrta bufekjaftk` ea astos prohasos ck sleo `k ralfvafhløf ralfvafhløf a lffovkhløf af `os proeuhtos y khtlvlekeas qua dafark` qua fos parjltaf hojpatlr elrahtkjafta hof nudkeoras yk hofso`lekeos eaftro ea` slstajk fkfhlaro. @k h`kva astë af skiar kprovahckr `ks oportuflopor tuflekeas y aftradkr k` h`lafta uf vk`or elbarafhlk` af a` proeuhto qua rahlia. Obrahajos hrìelto y krrafekjlafto hojo proeuhtos asafhlk`as ea `k obartk, hof `k kdl`leke ea ksldfkr`a ktrliutos y janorks af toeks `ks atkpks ea` prohaso, `k asafhlk as ckhar`os ktrkhtlvos y oportufos k `ks fahaslekeas ea `os h`laftas.
Khkikjos ea `kfzkr `os prljaros hkfk`as eldltk`as hof a` oinatlvo oinatlvo ea lftadrkrfos lftadrkrfos `ks fuavks ` k hojpatafhlk hof axpahtktlvks y tahfo`odêks ea` jarhkeo. Astk sltukhløf fos pofa k `k pkr af `k `êearas ea` jarhkeo, kcork eaiajos kprovahckr fuastrk axlil`leke y rkpleaz pkrk a` easkrro``o ea so`uhlofas. Wkrk knustkr `o kftas posli`a y `kfzkr drkfeas janorks, eaiajos kpadkrfos k `os prlfhlplos ea WJR (Wroeuhtos Jêfljos Rlki`as)= hofslearkfeo k `os h`laftas `k rkzøf ea janork hoftlfuk. Coy af BlfIa, fos afbraftkjos k ratos ljportkftas pkrk a` `odro ea `os hojprojlsos ea asta kûo. Fos afhoftrkjos af uf jarhkeo qua tlafa uf ljportkfta lfhrajafto ea hosto ea jktarlk prljk, hof uf jarhkeo eofea fuastro prlfhlpk` sadjafto ea hrahljlafto prasaftk ufk elsjlfuhløf ea` 3% af `k hojarhlk`lzkhløf ea kutos y uf hrahljlafto ea hkrtark axldli`a. As ufk torjaftk qua skirajos so`vaftkr y sk`lr ea a``k ‐hoftrliuyafeo hof `k sohlaeke y dafarkfeo utl`lekeas qua parjltkf fuastro easkrro``o y parjkfafhlk.‚
Nosì Nukf Rëzquaz Ik`skeþk Elrahhløf ea Oparkhlofas Iapafsk Xarvlhlos Blfkfhlaros
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Qf saeëf buark ea sarla Mlk Borta 97;< y uf elsaûo axhaphlofk` sof Lffovkhløf, tahfo`odêk y `ks hkrkhtarêstlhks qua ckhaf ea` Mlk Borta 97;<, uf saeëf buark ea sarla, paro `o qua rak`jafta hkrkhtarlzk k asta kuto as su jotor Ktmlfsof, qua janork a` rafeljlafto ea` vacêhu`o pkrk ``adkr k `udkras so`o ljkdlfkeos. Xu elsaûo vkfdukrelstk sa elbarafhlk por su slfdu`kr pkrrl``k hof borjk ea fkrlz ea tldra y `k k`tk hk`leke ea sus jktarlk`as qua `o hofvlartaf af uf vacêhu`o hofki`a y soirask`lafta hof ufk `êfak hojp`atkjafta elfëjlhk y ktrkhtlvk. A` Mlk Borta partafaha k `k prljark k`lfakhløf ea joea`os hof `os qua `k rjk horakfk lfhurslofø af Jìxlho ckha k`dufos kûos. @ks prljarks uflekeas sa ljportkikf elrahtkjafta easea Horak ea` Xur, slf ajikrdo, k` ``adkr a` bkha`lb bkha`lbtt krrkfhø su proeuhhløf af Jìxlho. Coy su fuavk dafarkhløf astë `lstk pkrk ekr hoftlfuleke k `k obafslvk ea Mlk af a` sadjafto ea `os saekfas hojpkhtos y pkrk juastrk Ekfla` Waeraro K`hohar, K`hoha r, Darafta ea Jkrhk Jkr hk Mlk Ml k Forta= For ta= Rêhtor Rêht or Krnofk Kr nofk Clduarks, Darafta Hojarhlk`, D`orlk Horrak y @uls @kjiart Fovok, Anahutlvos ea Raftk, elarof `k ilafvaflek y prasaftkrof a` Mlk Borta 97;< af sus tras varslofas axclileks af plso> @S UJ/LRU, UJ/LRU, AS LRU y AS Wrajluj LRU. @k sadurleke slajpra ck sleo hkrkhtarêstlhk asafhlk` ea astk jkrhk, por a``o `k hkrroharêk ea Mlk Borta as sø`lek
79 / leaftleke
a lfta`ldafta k `k vaz, yk qua su astruhturk ea elsparsløf parjlta elslpkr `os ljpkhtos af hkso ea ho`lsløf. Huaftk hof Xlstajk ea astkil`leke ea jkfano (RXJ), qua hoftro`k `k potafhlk ea brafkeo, `k elrahhløf y a` torqua ea` jotor pkrk proporhlofkr ufk jkyor astkil`leke ea` vacêhu`o, prlfhlpk`jafta af hurvks o af hkjlfos hof suparhlas sua`tks y/o rasik`osks. Ukjilìf vlafa aqulpkeo hof hoftro` a`ahtrøflho ea astkil`leke, safsoras ea astkhlofkjlafto broftk`as y trksaros y uf slstajk hof 2 io`sks ea klra. Wkrk @uls @kjiart, Ksasor ea Raftks, a` Mlk Borta 97;< as ufk lffovkhløf af astk lfeustrlk, as a` pkrtakduks af asta sadjafto y ksadurk sarëf profto `os prljaros af vaftks k flva` fkhlofk` hojo yk `o as a` Mlk Borta 97;3. ‐A` jarhkeo yuhktaho as juy lfta`ldafta y juy hofshlafta ea `os tajks ea sadurleke, sadurleke , fosotros fo `a pofajos prahlo k `k sadurleke sadu rleke y toeos fuastros fuast ros kutos kut os huaftkf huaftk f hof `os jës k`tos flva`as ea sadurleke‚ , elno a` Anahutlvo ea
`k Jkrhk. Fuastros kutos astëf elrldleos pkrk nøvafas qua tlafaf su prljar vacêhu`o, por sar bëhl`as ea jkfankr, jk fankr, ckstk keu`tos jkyoras qua iushkf uf vacêhu`o højoeo y saduro, hoftkjos hof fkfhlkjlafto k trkvìs ea Mlk Blfkfhlk` y `k projohløf ea asta jas ea haro hojlsløf por kparturk ea hrìelto.
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Jadkjkm y Jadkraft pktrohlfkeoras ea `k Axpo Hofstruhhløf Ea` 95 k` 92 ea jkyo sa ``avø k hkio `k aelhløf fþjaro 9; ea `k Axpo Hofstruhhløf. Hojo af kûos kftarloras, Jadkjkm y y Jadkraft buarof buarof pktrohlfkeoras. Af a` stkfe axclilarof jkqulfkrlk ea jkrhks hojo Hksa, Cyufekl, Kjjkff, Xkfevlm, N@D, aftra otrks. Af a` avafto pkrtlhlpkrof jës ea ;17 provaaeoras y provaaeoras y kslstlarof jës ea 1,777 parsofks.
¿Xkiêks qua asta avafto as hofslearkeo a` jës ljportkfta af su dlro af `k zofk surasta ea` pkês?
leaftleke /
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A` < ea kdosto `kfzkjos `k fuavk ljkdaf ea Hkrlia Hoo`ar. ¿\k `k vlsta? Astë af `k iota``k ea 877 j` y `k `ktk ea 548 j`. @k prasaftkhløf bua af a` fuavo pkrqua ea rak`leke vlrtuk` Lfspkrm af W`kzk Hkrso af `k Hlueke ea Jìxlho. K` avafto ea `kfzkjlafto kslstlarof h`laftas, lfuafhars, `k khtrlz y joea`o rusk, Lrlfk Ikavk, ksê hojo a` HAO y Elrahtoras
`odros
#@oEaCoyAsYabrashkrsa
ea Iapafsk. @os lfvltkeos eadustkrof `os ohco skioras ea Hkrlia Hoo`ar, jlaftrks ashuhckikf k` drupo @k Dkra`e ea Dukek`knkrk, Nk`lsho. @k hkjpkûk astë af ta`avlsløf kilartk, raeas sohlk`as y jaelos axtarloras. Easfuekjos fuastro elsaûo, pkrk jostrkrfos jës rabrashkftas, kpatltosos y ra`knkeos. ¡Ua lfvltkjos k qua hofozhks jës ea Hkrlia Hoo`ar af sus raeas sohlk`as! HkrliaHoo`ar hkrliahoo`ar
leaftleke /
75 / leaftleke
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WYOBAWK rahofoha k WatXtkr
por axha`afhlk kjilaftk` WatXtkr, `k W`kftk ea Yahlh`keo ea WAU Drk- • Janork Hoftlfuk ea` Easajpaûo KjilafWatXtkr, `k tk` a Lfelhkeoras ea Easajpaûo. eo K`ljaftlhlo jës drkfea ea` jufeo, pkr‐@ks ajprasks qua coy rahliaf asta rahota ea `k Lfeustrlk Jaxlhkfk ea Hohk-Ho`k, rahlilø ea rahlilø ea jkfos ea` Wrohurkeor ea Jaelo fohljlafto ckf eajostrkeo qua oparkf hof Kjilafta, Dul``ar jo Ckro Iì`hcaz y ea` slstajks ea vkfdukrelk qua `as parjlta tafar Xahratkrlo ea Jaelo Kjilafta, Ykbka` Wkh- uf easajpaûo kjilaftk` ea axha`afhlk af sus proeuhtlvos, s, `o huk` poslhlofk poslhlofk k Jìxlho hclkfo K`kjëf, a` rahofohljlafto Axha- prohasosproeuhtlvo hojo uf pkês hojprojatleo hof `k sustaftkil`afhlk Kjilaftk`. Keajës, a` Do iarfk eor ea \uhkt ëf, `leke‚, eastkhø Wkhhclkfo K`kjëf. Wor su pkrta, a` Wrohurkeor Ckro Iì`Yo`kfeo ^kpktk Ia``o y a` Elrahtor Dafark` ea `k Hojlsløf Baeark` ea A`ahtrlhleke, hcaz lfelhø qua `os dk`kreofkeos ckf sleo Nklja Brkfhlsho Carfëfeaz Jkrtêfaz, ra- hkpkhas ea eajostrkr `k janork hoftlfuk ea hofohlarof k `k ajprask k` oitafar a` Flva` su easajpaûo kjilaftk`, ksê hojo su hojea Easajpaûo Kjilaftk` LL ea Lfeustrlk projlsoanajp`krhof`kprasarvkhløfea`aftor@ljplk, a` @ljplk, a` huk` as a` jëxljo flva` ea hartl- fo y `k raspofskil`le raspofskil`leke ke sohlk` hof a` kjilafta. A` rahofohljlafto bua rahlileo por Nukf hkhløf qua otordk `k Wrohurkeurêk Baeark` ea Jkfua` Wofha, jlajiro ea` Hofsano ea Wrotahhløf k` Kjilafta (WYOBAW (WYOBAWK). K). Af totk` buarof rahofohleks 13 ajpra- Kejlflstrkhløf ea WatXtkr y Iarfkreo Xksks k flva` fkhlofk`, aftra fkhlofk`, aftra `ks huk`as WatXtkr `kzkr, Elrahtor ea Oparkhlofas ea Yahlh`kborjk pkrta ea `ks 8 jan oras oras ea` ea` Astkeo ea eo qulafas ordu``osos rakrjkrof hof astk Jìxlho por `k optljlzkhløf ea sus prohasos elstlfhløf a` hojprojlso ea WatXtkr af sar uf rabarafta ea axha`afhlk k flva` jufelk` k eastkhëfeosa af> • Yaeuhhløf ea` Ylasdo Kjilaftk` y Ru`fa- trkvìs ea su Joea`o ea Fadohlo Xustaftki`a. ‐Af WatXtkr a` hulekeo ea` jaelo kjilafta rkil`leke ea` Aftorfo. fos juava y fos eafa, por `o qua toeos `os eêks • Yaspofskil`lek Yaspofskil`lekee Xohlk` y Kjilaftk`.
iushkjos `k janork hoftlfuk, `k lffovkhløf y `k ahlafhlk ea fuastros prohasos, eajostrkfeo qua as posli`a trkiknkr easea `k sustaftkil`leke, lfvltkfeo k otros k`lkeos k sar pkrta ea` khtuk` rato kjilaftk`‚ , axprasø Iarfkreo Xk`kzkr.
A` avafto sa ``avø k hkio af `k Haftrk` tarjoa`ìhtrlhk Jìrlek LL y tuvo `k pkrtlhlpkhløf ea ajprasks hojo HAJAS, Iljio, Harvaharêk Joea`o, Wropljax, Dafark`
Jotors, Hojlsløf Baeark` ea A`ahtrlhleke (HBA), aftra otrks. WatXtkr borjk pkrta ea` hojprojlso ea sustaftkil`leke ea `k Lfeustrlk Jaxlhkfk ea Hohk-Ho`k, slafeo Hohk-Ho`k, slafeo sus khhloflstks Krhk Hoftlfaft k`, Hohk-Ho`k ea Jìxlho, Iapafsk Iaileks, Horporkhløf ea` Buarta, Horporkhløf Ylhk, Drupo Ajiota``keor Fkykr y Ajiota``keork ea Ho`ljk.
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WYOBAWK rahofoha k WatXtkr
por axha`afhlk kjilaftk` WatXtkr, `k W`kftk ea Yahlh`keo ea WAU Drk- • Janork Hoftlfuk ea` Easajpaûo KjilafWatXtkr, `k tk` a Lfelhkeoras ea Easajpaûo. eo K`ljaftlhlo jës drkfea ea` jufeo, pkr‐@ks ajprasks qua coy rahliaf asta rahota ea `k Lfeustrlk Jaxlhkfk ea Hohk-Ho`k, rahlilø ea rahlilø ea jkfos ea` Wrohurkeor ea Jaelo fohljlafto ckf eajostrkeo qua oparkf hof Kjilafta, Dul``ar jo Ckro Iì`hcaz y ea` slstajks ea vkfdukrelk qua `as parjlta tafar Xahratkrlo ea Jaelo Kjilafta, Ykbka` Wkh- uf easajpaûo kjilaftk` ea axha`afhlk af sus proeuhtlvos, s, `o huk` poslhlofk poslhlofk k Jìxlho hclkfo K`kjëf, a` rahofohljlafto Axha- prohasosproeuhtlvo hojo uf pkês hojprojatleo hof `k sustaftkil`afhlk Kjilaftk`. Keajës, a` Do iarfk eor ea \uhkt ëf, `leke‚, eastkhø Wkhhclkfo K`kjëf. Wor su pkrta, a` Wrohurkeor Ckro Iì`Yo`kfeo ^kpktk Ia``o y a` Elrahtor Dafark` ea `k Hojlsløf Baeark` ea A`ahtrlhleke, hcaz lfelhø qua `os dk`kreofkeos ckf sleo Nklja Brkfhlsho Carfëfeaz Jkrtêfaz, ra- hkpkhas ea eajostrkr `k janork hoftlfuk ea hofohlarof k `k ajprask k` oitafar a` Flva` su easajpaûo kjilaftk`, ksê hojo su hojea Easajpaûo Kjilaftk` LL ea Lfeustrlk projlsoanajp`krhof`kprasarvkhløfea`aftor@ljplk, a` @ljplk, a` huk` as a` jëxljo flva` ea hartl- fo y `k raspofskil`le raspofskil`leke ke sohlk` hof a` kjilafta. A` rahofohljlafto bua rahlileo por Nukf hkhløf qua otordk `k Wrohurkeurêk Baeark` ea Jkfua` Wofha, jlajiro ea` Hofsano ea Wrotahhløf k` Kjilafta (WYOBAW (WYOBAWK). K). Af totk` buarof rahofohleks 13 ajpra- Kejlflstrkhløf ea WatXtkr y Iarfkreo Xksks k flva` fkhlofk`, aftra fkhlofk`, aftra `ks huk`as WatXtkr `kzkr, Elrahtor ea Oparkhlofas ea Yahlh`kborjk pkrta ea `ks 8 jan oras oras ea` ea` Astkeo ea eo qulafas ordu``osos rakrjkrof hof astk Jìxlho por `k optljlzkhløf ea sus prohasos elstlfhløf a` hojprojlso ea WatXtkr af sar uf rabarafta ea axha`afhlk k flva` jufelk` k eastkhëfeosa af> • Yaeuhhløf ea` Ylasdo Kjilaftk` y Ru`fa- trkvìs ea su Joea`o ea Fadohlo Xustaftki`a. ‐Af WatXtkr a` hulekeo ea` jaelo kjilafta rkil`leke ea` Aftorfo. fos juava y fos eafa, por `o qua toeos `os eêks • Yaspofskil`lek Yaspofskil`lekee Xohlk` y Kjilaftk`.
iushkjos `k janork hoftlfuk, `k lffovkhløf y `k ahlafhlk ea fuastros prohasos, eajostrkfeo qua as posli`a trkiknkr easea `k sustaftkil`leke, lfvltkfeo k otros k`lkeos k sar pkrta ea` khtuk` rato kjilaftk`‚ , axprasø Iarfkreo Xk`kzkr.
A` avafto sa ``avø k hkio af `k Haftrk` tarjoa`ìhtrlhk Jìrlek LL y tuvo `k pkrtlhlpkhløf ea ajprasks hojo HAJAS, Iljio, Harvaharêk Joea`o, Wropljax, Dafark`
Jotors, Hojlsløf Baeark` ea A`ahtrlhleke (HBA), aftra otrks. WatXtkr borjk pkrta ea` hojprojlso ea sustaftkil`leke ea `k Lfeustrlk Jaxlhkfk ea Hohk-Ho`k, slafeo Hohk-Ho`k, slafeo sus khhloflstks Krhk Hoftlfaft k`, Hohk-Ho`k ea Jìxlho, Iapafsk Iaileks, Horporkhløf ea` Buarta, Horporkhløf Ylhk, Drupo Ajiota``keor Fkykr y Ajiota``keork ea Ho`ljk.
leaftleke /
72 / leaftleke
AJWYAXK / janoras prëhtlhks
Uowf Ck`` Iapafsk
KDOXUO
73
A` 3 ea kdosto fuastro HAO, a` Lfd. Nosì Jkfua` Jkearo Dkrzk, prasaftø `os ksuftos y hkjilos ea` sadufeo trljastra trlj astra ea kûo af a` Uarhar Uarhar Uowf Uowf Ck`` ea` 97;3. Kquê ta hojpkrtljos uf paquaûo rasujaf ea `os puftos jës ljportkftas.
elshlp`lfk blfkfhlark
Elshlp`lfk fkfhlark> Xa jostrø k Iapafsk
dafta
Dafta> Xa ckf hojp`atkeo 811 jkpaos ea tk`afto>
raspofskil`leke horporktlvk
Yaspofskil`leke Horporktlvk> @`adkjos k ;,945
sadurleke
Xadurleke> Fos propusljos> Wrojovar a`
boho af a` h`lafta
Boho af a` h`lafta> Urktkr k hkek h`lafta hojo sl buark a` þflho.
74
AJWYAXK / janoras prëhtlhks
Uowf Ck`` Iapafsk
KDOXUO
73
A` 3 ea kdosto fuastro HAO, a` Lfd. Nosì Jkfua` Jkearo Dkrzk, prasaftø `os ksuftos y hkjilos ea` sadufeo trljastra trlj astra ea kûo af a` Uarhar Uarhar Uowf Uowf Ck`` ea` 97;3. Kquê ta hojpkrtljos uf paquaûo rasujaf ea `os puftos jës ljportkftas.
elshlp`lfk blfkfhlark
Elshlp`lfk fkfhlark> Xa jostrø k Iapafsk hojo uf drupo hofso`lekeo qua jkftlafa `os jlsjos flva`as qua a` kûo kftarlor, hof ufk iuafk dastløf y hoftro` ea `os hostos y dkstos qua dafarkf drkfeas kcorros.
3 / leaftleke
dafta
Dafta> Xa ckf hojp`atkeo 811 jkpaos ea tk`afto> 943 cojiras y 44 junaras. Wor prljark vaz sa leaftlhø tk`afto af `os flva`as f5 hof uf rasu`tkeo ea 158 jkpaos.
raspofskil`leke horporktlvk
Yaspofskil`leke Horporktlvk> @`adkjos k ;,945 vo`uftkrlos af elvarsks khtlvlekeas hojo> p`ëtlhks ea rahlh`kna, hofstruhhløf ea pkrqua, raborastkhløf y vlsltks k cospltk`as. Xa tarjlfø a` sadufeo sajastra hof 41 hksos harrkeos por pkrta ea` Høeldo ea Hofeuhtk Ajpraskrlk` hof a` af ;77% ea ahkhlk af `os jahkflsjos ea eafufhlk.
sadurleke
Xadurleke> Fos propusljos> ;. Wrojovar a` ilafastkr ea `os ho`kiorkeoras y hofelhlofas eldfks ea trkikno. 9. Ljpu`skr ufk hu`turk ea sadurleke vlk` y `kiork` `kiork` ea h`ksa jufelk`. 8. Hoftrliulr k` easkrro``o ea `ks hojuflekeas y drupos ea lftarìs af `os `udkras eofea oparkjos. 5. Ksadurkr 5. Ksadurkr a` hujp`ljlafto `adk` af `ks oparkhlofas. 1. Bojaftkr a` hulekeo y janork ea` jaelo kjilafta.
boho af a` h`lafta
Boho af a` h`lafta> Urktkr k hkek h`lafta hojo sl buark a` þflho. Urkfsborjkhløf eldltk`. Eldltk`lzkr `k axparlafhlk ea` h`lafta y oparkhlofas ea eldltk`lzkhløf ckhlk `k ajprask.
AJWYAXK / janoras prëhtlhks
¿[uì as as Joea`o Iapafsk? As a` joea`o ea Dastløf Eohujaftk` kp`lhki`a k toeo a` Drupo Iapafsk.
¿HQË@ AX XQ OINAULRO? Yaborzkr a` hoftro` lftarfo k trkvìs ea prohaeljlaftos kutorlzkeos qua kyueaf k jltldkr `os rlasdos ea `k ordkflzkhløf.
¿HQË@AX XOF XQX IAFABLHLOX?
Wrojovar `k khtuk`lzkhløf ea eohujaftos hof janoras prëhtlhks
Yaspofskil`lekeas h`krkjafta eafleks
Wroporhlofkr jkrhos ea rabarafhlk pkrk ckhar kutoavk`ukhlofas, ravlslofas ea kueltorêk y hoftro` lftarfo
Bkhu`tkr k `k oparkhløf
Uafar uf sltlo pkrk `k pui`lhkhløf ea eohujaftos forjktlvos
Avltkr rlasdos y easvlkhlofas af `k oparkhløf k` ekr hujp`ljlafto k `o eohujaftkeo
Wrohaeljlaftos astkfekrlzkeos hof lfborjkhløf h`krk y oreafkek
Warjltlr eup`lhkr prohasos astëfekras af uflekeas ea fadohlo
Eohujaftkr a` Mfow y `os puftos Cow Co w y hrêtlhos ea hoftro` hof axpartos ea hkek ërak
WKYK XKIAY JËX... Ashkfak a` høeldo [Y y hcahk `o qua Elado Hkrrl``o, Darafta ea Joea`o Iapafsk, tlafa pkrk tl.
leaftleke /
<
AJWYAXK / janoras prëhtlhks
Uarj arjlfø lfø `k
WYLJAYK O@K \ astos sof `os fþjaros>
3 HQYXOX LJWKYULEOX
EA HOKHCLFD ANAHQUKEKX
11 HCKJWLOFX
+887 WAYXOFKX
HKWKHLUKEOX
;7< WYO\AHUOX
KHULROX AF @K ;ª O@K
;7 / leaftleke
+897 XAXLOFAX
LFXHYLUKX
AJWYAXK / janoras prëhtlhks
@k sadufek o`k astë lflhlkfeo y hofslstlrë af>
1 DYQWOX \I
EA RKYLKX ELRLXLOFAX
Xa ljpkrtlrëf af Jìrlek, Hkfhþf, Rl``kcarjosk, [uarìtkro y Yapþi`lhk Eojlflhkfk
LJWKHUKFEO K
993 HO@KIOYKEOYAX Aspark `k hofvohktorlk. Af Iapafsk saduljos a` hkjilo ordkflzkhlofk`.
leaftleke /
;;
OYDQ@@O /
`odros
OYDQ@@O /
;· Boro ea Xostaflil`leke 97;3
Af a` avafto pkrtlhlpkrof Lfdaflaros af Wravafhløf ea Ylasdos, Lfdaflaros ea Xadurleke Rlk`, Jìelhos, Futrlø`odos, Lfdaflaros Kjilaftk`as, Darafhlks y Nabkturks ea Xostaflil`leke ea `ks hlfho Elvlslofas ea` Drupo. Hojo pkrta ea `k kdafek sa elarof k hofohar `os oinatlvos astrktìdlhos y sus lfelhkeoras ea `ks lflhlktlvks ea Xostaflil`leke qua sof Xadurleke, Xk`ue, Jaelo Kjilafta, Yaspofskil`leke Xohlk` y Hujp`ljlafto @adk`. Xa ljpkrtlarof p`ëtlhks soira a` Joea`o Iapafsk, a` ërak ea Hojp`lkfha y `ks iksas a ljpkhtos ea` Yaporta ea Xostaflil`leke ea Iapafsk qua sa iksk af `k jatoeo`odêk ea` D`oik` Yaportlfd Lfltlktlva. Keajës, Keajë s, pkrk pkrk hofbor hofborjkr jkr uf aqulpo aqulpo ea k`to easaj easajpapaûo y bojaftkr ufk hu`turk ea Xostaflil`leke sa rak`lzkrof elfëjlhks, khtlvlekeas y hckr`ks ea lftadrkhløf.
`odros
A` avafto hofh`uyø hof pk`kirks ea` Darafta Horporktlvo ea Xostaflil`leke Bho. Nkvlar B`oras Yoerêduaz qulaf jafhlofø qua> Xojos uf aqulpo qua hujp`a su pk`kirk. Rìkfsa hojo k daftas ea hkji lo qu a puaeaf trkfsborjkr `ks hosks af Iapafsk.
A` avafto hoftø hof `k pkrtlhlpkhløf ea lfvltkeos aspahlk`as hojo> A` Elrahtor ea Jkfubkhturk Xl`vlfo Jo`lfk, Elrahtor ea @odêstlhk y Elstrliuhløf Yoiarto Iahark, Elrahtor ea HXH Norda Urunl``o, Darafta ea Hkjilo y Hu`turk Ordkflzkhlofk` Kea`lfk Yêos, Darafta EC ea Blfia Jkrho Yoerêduaz, Darafta ea Joea`o Iapafsk Elado Hkrrl``o, Darafta ea Hkp Xl`vlk Astrkek, Darafta Kjilaftk` Jkfua` Jlrkfek, Kejlflstrk hløf y Ylasdos \o`l Jkyk y Darafta ea Hojp`lkfha A``y \arvaz, aftra otros.
@k Xostaflil`leke rak`jafta as a` asbuarzo ea Iapafsk pkrk ``avkrfos k uf jufeo d`oik`. Astk lflhlktlvk vlafa ea `k jës K`tk Elrahhløf‚. Yoiarto Iaharrk Elrahhløf @odêstlhk y Elstrliuhløf
Hojo pkrta ea `k hojuflhkhløf y `k elbusløf ea `os oinatlvos ea` Eapkrtkjafto ea Xostaflil`leke a Lftadrkhløf ea `ks elbaraftas ëraks qua hofborjkf k` aqulpo, sa ``avø k hkio a` Wrljar Boro ea Xostaflil`leke, ea` 91 k` 94 ea nu`lo af `k hlueke ea Jìrlek.
@k Xustaftkil`leke fo as uf proyahto ea ërak, as uf proyahto ea fadohlo, as uf proyahto ea` Drupo juy ljportkfta‚. Xl`vlfo Jo`lfk Elrahhløf ea Jkfubkhturk
leaftleke /
;9 / leaftleke
AJWYAXK / janoras prëhtlhks
;8
AJWYAXK / janoras prëhtlhks
``adk hof fuavos skioras! Ea khuareo hof uf astuelo ea `k hojpkûêk, khtuk`jafta a` 51% ea `os `ktlfokjarlhkfos astëf elspuastos k lfhorporkr iaileks vadatk`as k su k`ljaftkhløf. Ophlofas qua ckf dkfkeo ra`avkfhlk aftra `ks parsofks eaileo k su hoftafleo futrltlvo, su varsktl`leke af jojaftos ea hofsujo y prapkrkhløf ea otrks rahatks, keajës ea su ea`lhloso skior. Ikno asta hoftaxto, KeaX prasaft ø sus fuavks vkrlaekeas hof elstlftos elstlftos skioras skioras y iafahlos iafahlos futrljaftk`as, `liras ea `khtosk, slf ho`astaro` y ea bëhl` eldastløf. Keajës, astk fuavk hktadorêk ea iaileks ck sleo kelhlofkek hof vltkjlfks, jlfark`as y hk`hlo, obrahlafeo ophlofas pkrk projovar a` iuaf bufhlofkjlafto bufhlofkjlaf to ea` huarpo. Urks `k kequlslhløf kequlslhløf ea `k jkrhk af 97;4 por `k `feustrlk Jaxlhkfk ea Hohk-Ho`k (LJHH), ea `k huk` Iapafsk borjk pkrta, `k hojpkûêk eahlelø ``avkr k hkio ufk buarta kpuastk por jaelo ea su ra`kfzkjlafto. Aftra su astrktadlk sa afhuaftrk a` obrahar a` portkbo`lo ea KeaX k uf prahlo jës khhasli`a, keajës ea` lfhrajafto af `os puftos ea vaftk.
KeaX prasaftø su fuavo portkbo`lo ea iaileks k iksa ea sajl``ks hojpuasto por sus fuavks vkrlaekeas> KeaX K`jaferk y KeaX Hoho, slf kzþhkras kûkeleos, keajës ea su trkelhlofk` KeaX Xoyk, raspofelafeo k `os elstlftos astl`os ea vlek, fahaslekeas y tafeafhlks ea hofsujo ea `os jaxlhkfos.
Xu lftroeuhhløf k` jarhkeo astkrë khojpkûkek por ufk fuavk leaftleke vlsuk` hojpuastk por `k rafovkhløf ea su `odotlpo a ljkdaf ea sus proeuhtos, prasaftkfeo `ks sajl``ks qua hojpofaf a` proeuhto. Ukjilìf, KeaX easkrro``ø ufk fuavk hkjpkûk af Jìxlho qua parjakrë k toek @ktlfokjìrlhk, hof a` oinatlvo ea trkfsjltlr qua a` poear ea `ks sajl``ks puaea easktkr a` poear hofhaftrkeo af hkek parsofk. Hojo pkrta ea `os hojprojlsos astki`ahleos, por Iapafsk y `k Lfeustrlk Jaxlhkfk ea Hohk-Ho`k (LJHH), jkftafajos hofstkfta lffovkhløf pkrk hofso`lekrfos hojo ufk Hojpkûêk Uotk` ea Iaileks, por jaelo ea sus elstlftks hktadorêks y avo`uhløf ea sus rahatks pkrk ckhar`ks jës futrltlvks, slafeo uf h`kro anajp`o a` ra`kfzkjlafto pkrk KeaX. Hof `k fuavk hktadorêk ea iaileks k iksa ea sajl``ks poerës afhoftrkr 41 jkrhks af ;; elstlftks hktadorêks, hof 927 prasaftkhlofas hof jafos ea ;77 hk`orêks ea fuastro portkbo`lo totk` ea iaileks.
¿Xkiêks qua af Iapafsk hojo pkrta ea `k L feustrlk Jaxlhkfk ea Hohk-Ho`k (LJHH), jkftafajos ufk hofstkfta avo`uhløf pkrk kekptkr fuastro portkbo`lo ea iaileks k `ks elstlftks fahaslekeas y dustos ea fuastros hofsujleoras?
@ks vkrlaekeas ea KeaX hoftlafaf kzþhkras fkturk`jafta prasaftas af `ks sajl``ks y `ks brutks, y tkjilìf lfhorporkf k`dufos a`ajaftos h`kvas pkrk hulekr ea tl hojo `o sof a` hk`hlo, protaêfks protaêfks,, jkdfaslo y vltkjlfks A, I8, I1, I2 y I;9.
AJWYAXK / janoras prëhtlhks
AJWYAXK / janoras prëhtlhks
``adk hof fuavos skioras! Ea khuareo hof uf astuelo ea `k hojpkûêk, khtuk`jafta a` 51% ea `os `ktlfokjarlhkfos astëf elspuastos k lfhorporkr iaileks vadatk`as k su k`ljaftkhløf. Ophlofas qua ckf dkfkeo ra`avkfhlk aftra `ks parsofks eaileo k su hoftafleo futrltlvo, su varsktl`leke af jojaftos ea hofsujo y prapkrkhløf ea otrks rahatks, keajës ea su ea`lhloso skior. Ikno asta hoftaxto, KeaX prasaft ø sus fuavks vkrlaekeas hof elstlftos elstlftos skioras skioras y iafahlos iafahlos futrljaftk`as, `liras ea `khtosk, slf ho`astaro` y ea bëhl` eldastløf. Keajës, astk fuavk hktadorêk ea iaileks ck sleo kelhlofkek hof vltkjlfks, jlfark`as y hk`hlo, obrahlafeo ophlofas pkrk projovar a` iuaf bufhlofkjlafto bufhlofkjlaf to ea` huarpo. Urks `k kequlslhløf kequlslhløf ea `k jkrhk af 97;4 por `k `feustrlk Jaxlhkfk ea Hohk-Ho`k (LJHH), ea `k huk` Iapafsk borjk pkrta, `k hojpkûêk eahlelø ``avkr k hkio ufk buarta kpuastk por jaelo ea su ra`kfzkjlafto. Aftra su astrktadlk sa afhuaftrk a` obrahar a` portkbo`lo ea KeaX k uf prahlo jës khhasli`a, keajës ea` lfhrajafto af `os puftos ea vaftk.
KeaX prasaftø su fuavo portkbo`lo ea iaileks k iksa ea sajl``ks hojpuasto por sus fuavks vkrlaekeas> KeaX K`jaferk y KeaX Hoho, slf kzþhkras kûkeleos, keajës ea su trkelhlofk` KeaX Xoyk, raspofelafeo k `os elstlftos astl`os ea vlek, fahaslekeas y tafeafhlks ea hofsujo ea `os jaxlhkfos.
Xu lftroeuhhløf k` jarhkeo astkrë khojpkûkek por ufk fuavk leaftleke vlsuk` hojpuastk por `k rafovkhløf ea su `odotlpo a ljkdaf ea sus proeuhtos, prasaftkfeo `ks sajl``ks qua hojpofaf a` proeuhto. Ukjilìf, KeaX easkrro``ø ufk fuavk hkjpkûk af Jìxlho qua parjakrë k toek @ktlfokjìrlhk, hof a` oinatlvo ea trkfsjltlr qua a` poear ea `ks sajl``ks puaea easktkr a` poear hofhaftrkeo af hkek parsofk. Hojo pkrta ea `os hojprojlsos astki`ahleos, por Iapafsk y `k Lfeustrlk Jaxlhkfk ea Hohk-Ho`k (LJHH), jkftafajos hofstkfta lffovkhløf pkrk hofso`lekrfos hojo ufk Hojpkûêk Uotk` ea Iaileks, por jaelo ea sus elstlftks hktadorêks y avo`uhløf ea sus rahatks pkrk ckhar`ks jës futrltlvks, slafeo uf h`kro anajp`o a` ra`kfzkjlafto pkrk KeaX. Hof `k fuavk hktadorêk ea iaileks k iksa ea sajl``ks poerës afhoftrkr 41 jkrhks af ;; elstlftks hktadorêks, hof 927 prasaftkhlofas hof jafos ea ;77 hk`orêks ea fuastro portkbo`lo totk` ea iaileks.
@ks vkrlaekeas ea KeaX hoftlafaf kzþhkras fkturk`jafta prasaftas af `ks sajl``ks y `ks brutks, y tkjilìf lfhorporkf k`dufos a`ajaftos h`kvas pkrk hulekr ea tl hojo `o sof a` hk`hlo, protaêfks protaêfks,, jkdfaslo y vltkjlfks A, I8, I1, I2 y I;9.
¿Xkiêks qua af Iapafsk hojo pkrta ea `k L feustrlk Jaxlhkfk ea Hohk-Ho`k (LJHH), jkftafajos ufk hofstkfta avo`uhløf pkrk kekptkr fuastro portkbo`lo ea iaileks k `ks elstlftks fahaslekeas y dustos ea fuastros hofsujleoras?
;5 / leaftleke
leaftleke /
AJWYAXK / janoras prëhtlhks
Ktrkhhløf ea tk`afto as a` Haftro ea Axha`afhlk ea Easkrro``o Cujkfo ea` KX, qua tlafa hojo jlsløf sar uf rabarafta ea ajp`akeor k flva` fkhlofk`, dkrkftlzkfeo `k lfhorporkhløf ea` janor
tk`afto, eaftro ea` jkrho ea aquleke a lfh`usløf `kiork`?
;1
AJWYAXK / janoras prëhtlhks
Ktrkhhløf ea tk`afto as a` Haftro ea Axha`afhlk ea Easkrro``o Cujkfo ea` KX, qua tlafa hojo jlsløf sar uf rabarafta ea ajp`akeor k flva` fkhlofk`, dkrkftlzkfeo `k lfhorporkhløf ea` janor
tk`afto, eaftro ea` jkrho ea aquleke a lfh`usløf `kiork`?
Xl tlafas lftarìs af ufk vkhkfta, kftas ea postu`krta eaias hofslearkr `ks po`êtlhks ea Jovl`leke Lftarfk ea Ho`kiorkeoras y Wo`êtlhk ea Bkjl`lkras. Wuaeas hofsu`tkr`ks kquê> • EC-W@-71 EC-W@-71 Wo`êtlhk ea Jovl`leke Lftarfk ea Ho`kiorkeoras • EC-W`-78 Wo`êtlhk ea Bkjl`lkras (Hoftrktkhløf y jovl`leke lftarfk)
¡Yahuarek! Af astks po`êtlhks afhoftrkrës lfborjkhløf vk`losk y raqulsltos qua cky qua huirlr kftas ea postu`krta k ufk v khkfta, por anajp`o, tafar k` jafos ; kûo af
Iapafsk y 2 jasas ea ho`kiorkr af tu puasto khtuk`. Keajës as lfelspafski`a qua tojas af huaftk `os raqulsltos ea hkek vkhkfta, hojo> flva` ea astuelos, axparlafhlk, hofohljlaftos, flva` ea lfd`ìs, aftra otros. K`dufos ea a``os sof lfelspafski`as pkrk sar a`adli`a a lflhlkr a` prohaso.
Ktrkhhløf ea tk`afto> EC Haftro ea axha`afhlk `learkeo por Jldua` Ëfda` Ykfda`. Afhuìftrk`o af a` horrao> jrkfda`hGiapafsk.hoj
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AJWYAXK / janoras prëhtlhks
Uk``ar ea Hojpafskhlofas Iapafsk Hojo pkrta ea `ks astrktadlks ea` haftro ea axha`afhlk> Hojpafskhlofas Hojpafskhl ofas y Iafahlos y a` kpoyo ea Easkrro``o Cujkfo ea `ks elvlslofas, sa astëf ``avkfeo k hkio Uk``aras ea Hojpafskhlofas qua tlafaf hojo oinatlvo lfborjkr k `os ho`kiorkeoras `os hofhaptos h`kva ea` ërak, `os prlfhlpk`as prohasos qua ljpkhtkf `k hojpafskhløf, ksê hojo irlfekr carrkjlaftks pkrk hojprafear y hk`hu`kr toeos `os a`ajaftos qua hofborjkf `k hojpafskhløf totk` qua fos irlfek Iapafsk. Ckstk a` jas ea saptlajira ``avkjos>
+;45; HO@KIOYKEOYAX HKWKHLUKEOX
+;7< HQYXOX
Af astos hursos, sa hojpkrtlarof `os pl`kras astrktìdlhos ea` ërak y a` joea`o ea hojpafskhløf kp`lhki`a k toeks `ks elvlslofas ea Iapafsk, hof ufk pkrtlhlpkhløf juy khtlvk y aftuslkstk por pkrta ea `os ho`kiorkeoras. "Drkhlks por kh`krkr eueks, a` tajk as juy lj portkfta y `o ` o kiorekrof ea jkfark juy h`krk y safhl``k. Hofslearo qua ja kyueo juhco pkrk kh`krkr eueks qua tafêk. Asparo poekjos sadulr rahlilafeo astos tk``aras qua fos parjltkf oitafar lfborjkhløf ea prljark jkfo". KFØFLJO
LJWKYULEOX AF 3 XAEAX
+894 COYKX
"A` tk``ar ja pkrahlø lftaraskfta y þtl`, ja kh`kro `ks eueks qua tafêk soira `ks borjks ea pkdo, ksê hojo `k jkfark af `k qua sa rapkrtaf `ks eajës prastkhlofas. Kdrkeazho qua `k ajprask hojpkrtk `k lfborjkhløf, yk qua fo toeks `o ckhaf".
¡Drkhlks por su pkrtlhlpkhløf!
KFØFLJO
EA EQYKHLØF
¡Wrøxljkjafta astkrajos af tu saea, aspark `k hofvohktorlk!
Xldkjos bortk`ahlafeo bortk`ahlafeo ufo ea fuastros pl`kras jës ljportkftas> fuastrk dafta. leaftleke /
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HQ@UQYK / dafta
Af sus jkrhks, `lstos... ¡@k afhuastk pkrk jaelr fuastro h`ljk `kiork` astë por ``adkr! Yahuarek qua toeos hoftrliuljos hof fuastro drkflto ea krafk pkrk ckhar ea Iapafsk uf drkf `udkr pkrk trkiknkr. Drkhlks k `os hojltìs ea DWUT cajos `odrkeo rak`lzkr j uhcos p`kfas ea khhløf af iafahlo ea `os ho`kiorkeoras> ;. Janorks ;. Janorks trkfsborjkhlofk`as k prohasos lftarfos 9. Lftadrkhlofas bkjl`lkras 8. Hkpkhltkhløf y Uk``aras Uk``aras 5. Wrodrkjks ea ilafastkr k ho`kiorkeoras 1. Wrodrkjks ea `learkzdo dafta
¡Wkrtlhlpk! [uarajos ashuhckrta.
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H Q @ U Q Y K / dafta
UAYHAYK @@KJKEK
Hof drkf ìxlto sa astrafø `k oirk ea taktro A` Uafeanøf ea` Xkior, Xkior , `k huk` pratafea kkfzkr a` hojprojlso ea `os Ajiknkeoras Iapafsk ea toek `k Wafêfsu`k. [uìekta pafelafta, puas ``adkrë ea joeo prasafhlk` k `os HAELX jës drkfeas ea` astkeo y astkeo y af vêeao k `os jës `ankfos. Astk lflhlktlvk qua iushk rabrafekr fuastro hojprojlso hof `k @lhafhlk Xohlk` ea `k Lfeustrlk Jaxlhkfk ea Hohk-Ho`k , as ufk borjk elbarafta ea bojaftkr af fuastros ho`kiorkeoras a` hofohljlafto ea fuastrks jkrhks, ophlofas, porhlofas y so`uhlofas.
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leaftleke /
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HQ@UQYK / dafta
!
Wrodrkjk ea Yabarleos pkrk parsofks hof elshkpkhleke hof elshkpkhleke, `a ¿Xkiêks qua `k lfh`usløf `kiork` eldflhk k `k parsofk hof parjlta sar uf hluekekfo proeuhtlvo y `a ek `k oportufleke ea sar jës lfeapafelafta y kutosuhlafta? ¿Xkiêks qua `k lfh`usløf `kiork` projuava uf hkjilo hu`turk` y ea pkrkeldjk sohlk` ckhlk `k parsofk hof elshkpkhleke? ¡Uþ tlafas `k oportufleke ea hkjilkr su buturo!
Wrojovkjos nuftos ufk hu`turk ea lfh`usløf `kiork` y ckdkjos uf Jìxlho jës lfh`uyafta.
¿HØJO YABAYLY K JL HOFOHLEO?
;. Hoftkr hof a` HR ea tu rabarleo 9. Yaekhtkr hkrtk ea rahojafekhløf ea tu rabarleo 8. Hoftkr hof `k Hkrtk Rk`pkr ea tu rabarleo 5. Hof tu rabarleo, aftrkr k www www.iapafsk.ho .iapafsk.hoj j sahhløf> Ajp`aos y iushkr `k o `ks vkhkftas qua sa kpaduaf k` par` ea` rabarleo.
WKYK JK\OY JK\OY LFBOYJKHLØF HOF> EAXKYYO@@O EAXKYYO @@O CQJKFO EA UQ AJWYAXK AJ WYAXK
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HQ@UQYK / dafta
¿Xkias quì sldflhk Ajprask Lfh`uyafta? Xa raara k `ks ordkflzkhlofas qua rah`utkf, khaptkf y/o projuavaf k ho`kiorkeoras hof k`dþf tlpo ea elshkpkhleke y aquleke ea dìfaro, slf ljportkr su aeke, orlaftkhløf saxuk`, ra`ldløf, fkhlofk`leke, ho`or ea pla`, flva` sohloahoføjlho, aftra otrks hkrkhtarêstlhks. Af pohks pk`kirks> as ufk ajprask qua fo prkhtlhk fl to`ark flfdþf tlpo ea elshrljlfkhløf, anarha `k lduk`eke af sus ho`kiorkeoras y `os raspatk sak huk` sak su hofelhløf. Hu`turk`leke Iapafsk as ufk ajprask lfh`uyafta qua sa kpadk k` sldulafta joea`o ea lfh`usløf> @DIU
Af Iapafsk, astkjos k bkvor ea `k lfh`usløf `kiork` porqua hoftkjos hof `êearas y ho`kiorkeoras qua sa kpadkf k ufk hu`turk lfh`uyafta y sof vltk`as af `k projohløf ea` raspato y `k lfh`usløf eaftro ea sus aqulpos= a``os sof `k iksa ea `k `kior qua astkjos rak`lzkfeo. Hkek ufo ea fosotros eaia tafar haro to`arkfhlk brafta k huk`qular tlpo ea jk`trkto o elshrljlfkhløf eaftro y buark ea `k ajprask.
WHE
II S \ ^
Ju`tldafarkhlofas
Dìfaro
¡RKJOX ¡R KJOX WOY QF JÌSLHO LFH@Q\AFUA! leaftleke /
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HQ@UQYK / dafta
XLFAYDLK as`kiøf 97;3
A` ;< y 97 ea nuflo sa ``avø k hkio por tarhark ohksløf a` avafto XLFAYDLKas`kiøf 97;3 hof ufk pkrtlhlpkhløf ea 23 `êearas ea Iapafsk Lfeustrlk` af [uarìtkro. XLFAYDLK-as`kiøf iushk k`lfakr a` `learkzdo ea `k elvlsløf ikno a` hofhapto> uf so`o Iapafsk . Xa trktk ea` aspkhlo parbahto pkrk ekr k hofohar `ks hofeuhtks ordkflzkhlofk`as qua kyuekf k qua sa bortk`azhk a` `learkzdo y sa hofsldkf jës ìxltos pkrk `k elvlsløf.
Hofeuhtks ordkflzkhlofk`as> • Ksartlvleke y horkna. • Kdl`leke y kparturk k` hkjilo. • Boho af rasu`tkeos. • Wrokhtlvleke y vlsløf. • Fatwormlfd y ra`khlofas.
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Eos eêks ea lftafso trkikno, af eofea uf drupo ea `êearas hojprojatleos hof sar `os raspofski`as ea elrldlr `k avo`uhløf ea Iapafsk Lfeustrlk`, projuavaf hof kdl`leke a` hkjilo y `k astrktadlk ea fadohlo, hof uf pafskjlafto d`oik` a lfh`uyafta k trkvìs ea ufk hojuflhkhløf h`krk, abahtlvk y hofdruafta ckhlk toeos `os ho`kiorkeoras y h`laftas hojo uf so`o Iapafsk .
HQ@UQYK / dafta
Xlfardlk ajohlofk` Af nu`lo lflhlkjos hof a` tk``ar Xlfardlk Ajohlofk` hof a` oinatlvo ea easkrro``kr af fuastro aqulpo darafhlk` `k ckil`leke pkrk krjoflzkr pafskjlaftos, lfta`ahto y ajohlofas af hofvarskhlofas y khhlofas ea` eêk k eêk. Xlfardlk prohaea ea uf vohki`o drlado qua sldflhk hooparkhløf. Xa utl`lzk pkrk fojirkr `k khhløf ea eos o jks hkusks qua dafarkf uf abahto suparlor k` qua sa hofsadulrêk hof `k sujk ea `os abahtos lfelvleuk`as. @os joea`os ea hojpatafhlk pkrk a` `learkzdo sua`af astkr hojpuastos aftra a` 37 ‘ ;77% por hkpkhlekeas ikskeks af a` jkfano ea `ks ajohlofas.
Buafta> @k Lfta`ldafhlk Ajohlofk` af
`k Ajprask. W`kfatk. Kutor> Do`ajkf Ekfla`
@ks parsofks hof ufk k`tk slfardlk ajohlofk` a lfta`ahtuk` skiaf `o qua slaftaf, `o qua sldflhkf sus ajohlofas y højo astks ajohlofas puaeaf kbahtkr k otrks parsofks.
• K`lfakhløf K`lfakhl øf ea` e a` hoftafleo h oftafleo k `ks hojpatafhlks Iapafsk. • Lfborjkhløf Lfborjkhløf y carrkjlaftks carrkjlaftks ea Xlfardlk Lfta`ahtuk` y Ajohlofk` • Anarhlhl Anarhlhlos os pkrk pofar af prëhtlhk `o kprafeleo eaftro y buark ea` jøeu`o • Elë` Elë`odo odoss ea `o vlv vlvleo leo y kpr kprafel afeleo eo eurkfta `ks prëhtlhks • Jatoeo`odêk 47>97>; 47>97>;77
leaftleke /
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HQ@UQYK / dafta
Wkrk `k hojpkûêk `os ho`kiorkeoras sof `o jës ljportkfta, por aso hojafzkjos k ljp`ajaftkr a` proyahto Ktafak af af a` Hojp`ano Iapafsk [uarìtkro. Xa trktk ea uf aspkhlo ea borjkhløf y kpraf kprafelzkn elzknaa pkrk ljpu`skr a` easkrro``o jaftk` y ajohlofk`, k trkvìs ea tk``aras ra`khlofkeos hof a` sahtor sohlk`, vlo`afhlk lftrkbkjl`lkr y rackil`ltkhløf k` jk`trkto. A` 1 ea nu`lo hojafzkrof `ks khtlvlekeas hof a` prljar tk``ar> Urkfsvk`orlzkhløf y Hofhlafhlk .
A` oinatlvo ea `k p`ëtlhk as qua `os pkrtlhlpkftas hojprafekf qua toeos tafajos eabahtos qua af ohkslofas fos ckhaf hojatar bk`tks, slf ajikrdo, eaiajos kprafear k vlvlr, elsbrutkr fuastro prasafta, avo`uhlofkr y horradlr `os arroras hojatleos. Hof asta tlpo ea khtlvlekeas, a` prodrkjk Ktafak iushk ajpoearkr k sus ho`kiorkeoras.
¡Ktafak, `k k`lkfzk pkrk a` Easkrro``o ea `k Junar af Iapafsk!
95 / leaftleke
HQ@UQYK / dafta
tlps pkrk janorkr tu eldastløf 47
A` % ea tu slstajk lfjufo`ødlho sa afhuaftrk af tu slstajk eldastlvo, aso qulara eahlr qua astë `ldkeo hof prëhtlhkjafta toeks `ks hofelhlofas ea sk`ue> oiasleke, hëfhar, kutlsjo, krtrltls, eaprasløf, eìhlt ea ktafhløf, ash`arosls jþ`tlp`a, ath. Xldua astos safhl``os hofsanos pkrk janorkr tu eldastløf y hkjilkr tu vlek.
XLDQA AXUOX A XUOX ;7 ULWX WKYK JANOYKY JAN OYKY UQ ELDAXULØF EL DAXULØF
Ckz anarhlhlo
Hoja so`o `o qua fahasltks
Kdrkeaha
Yaeuha o a`ljlfk k`ljaftos prohaskeos
Hoja jës irks
Jkstlhk tu hojlek
Kujaftk tu nudo dëstrlho
Uojk jës kduk
Kdradk proiløtlhos
Lftadrk afzljks eldastlvks
leaftleke /
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HQ@UQYK / dafta
Jkfano ea` astrìs hof jaeltkhløf Jaeltkr as jës safhl``o ea `o qua plafsks , toeos `os eêks `o ckhajos hukfeo jlrkjos ufk puastk ea so`. Xa trktk ea ``avkr fuastrk ktafhløf k fosotros jlsjos, k `os saftleos, eankfeo qua `os pafskjlaftos o ajohlofas quaeaf af uf sadufeo p`kfo. @k prëhtlhk hofstkfta ea `k jaeltkhløf ta kyuek k> • Janork tu sk`ue jaftk`. • Bortk`aha tu slstajk lfjufo`ødlho (kujaftk tus eabafsks). • Yaeuha `k prasløf skfduêfak. • Kujaftk tu hkpkhleke ea ktafhløf. • Easkrro``k `k lfta`ldafhlk ajohlofk` y `k ajpktêk. • Janork `k jajorlk. • Wravlafa astkeos ea farvloslsjo. • Yaeuha a` astrìs, `k kfslaeke a lrrltkil`leke. • Kujaftk `k ba`lhleke.
rasplrk r. @k ras¿Højo ckhar`o? A` sahrato as rasplrkr. plrkhløf fos oxldafk y ckha qua tafdkjos ufk janor hlrhu`khløf, keajës ea qua fos ra`knk. \ sl keajës ea jaeltkr, jaeltkr, hojas skfo, ckhas anarlhlo y euarjas ohco corks, janorkrës tu astl`o ea vlek y ta saftlrës janor.
@k jaeltkhløf as ufk tìhflhk ea rasplrkhløf qua ta kyuek elsjlfulr a` astrìs y kujaftkr tu hofhaftrkhløf.
HOFUYK A@ AXUYÌX • Jaeltk. • Ordkflzkr `os pafelaftas pafelaftas elkrlos. • Wrlorlzk tus khtlvlekeas. • Hofoha tus raspofskil`lekeas. raspofskil`lekeas. • Yêa. • Hofvlva hof tu bkjl`lk y kjldos. • Clerëtkta.
FO O@RLEAX YAXWLYKY WYOBQFEK \ HOFXHLAFUAJAFUA
Jaeltkr eurkfta ufos jlfutos k` eêk kujaftk tu hraktlvleke y hoftrliuyk k qua tafdks jkyor h`krleke jaftk` y astkil`leke ajohlofk`.
Wuaeas jaeltkr af huk`qular jojafto qua tafdks `lira. Lftìftk`o af a` trkikno, pkrk ufk rëplek raeuhhløf ea astrìs.
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HQ@UQYK / sadurleke
sadurleke
¿[uì as `k lfdaflarêk sohlk`? As a` hofnufto ea tìhflhks o astrktadlks sohlk`as utl`lzkeks ea borjk prajaeltkek por uf usukrlo jk` lftafhlofkeo pkrk oitafar k`dþf tlpo ea vaftknk raspahto k otro(s) usukrlo(s), as eahlr, ea lfdaflarêk tlafa poho, jës ilaf sa kharhk jës k `k pslho`odêk sohlk` o `k sohlo`odêk. ¿Wor quì k` cki`kr ea lfdaflarêk sohlk` sa hofsleark cki`kr ea pclsclfd? @k lfdaflarêk sohlk` ta afdkûk= a` pclsclfd sa kprovahck ea a``o. K` hojilfkr kjios sa oitlafa ufk carrkjlaftk parbahtk pkrk khtos l`êhltos, qua irlfhk huk`qular eabafsk parljatrk` qua sa tafdk ljp`ajaftkeo, porqua ktkhk k` jës lfeabafso, a` Cujkf OX. K` cki`kr ea sadurleke ea `k lfborjklfborjkhløf sa elha qua a` as`kiøf jës eìil` ea `k hkeafk af sadurleke as a` usukrlo . @k leak as lfslstlr af `k aeuhkhløf ea` usukrlo hojþf, yk qua asta as a` prlfhlpk` eastlfktkrlo ea `k lfdaflarêk sohlk`, puas slafeo astk a` ‐krta ea afdkûkr‚ kpkraha hojo ufo ea `os prljaros vahtoras ea ktkqua hof rasu`tkeos k`tkjafta axltosos> oitafar lfborjkhløf, pafatrkr uf slstajk ea borjk l`adêtljk o sljp`ajafta ``avkr k hkio uf afdkûo hof fas `uhrktlvos. Qfo ea `os ckhmars jës jës rahofohleos jufelk`jafta as Mavlf Jltflhm . Ì` hojaftk qua as jës sljp`a afdkûkr k k`dulaf pkrk qua bkhl`lta su hoftrksaûk qua ckhar a` asbuarzo ea ckhmakr`o.
@os ea`lfhuaftas elsaûkf `ks jës vkrlkeks astrktadlks ea brkuea. @ks jlsjks ckf leo avo`uhlofkfeo y parbahhlofëfeosa slajpra trktkfeo ea dafarkr uf aftorfo hraêi`a o ea hofkfzk qua fos lfeuzhkf k ‐ekr h`lh‚ y fos ``ava ckhlk eofea a` ktkhkfta tlafa prapkrkeo a` tljo o fos lfstk`af uf høeldo jk`lhloso. Waro eapafea ea fuastrk aeuhkhløf y hu`turk ea sadurleke eldltk`, avltkr sar pkrta ea `ks vêhtljks, hofslearkfeo slajpra uskr a` saftleo hojþf y sadulr ufks sljp`as rad`ks> fo hraar, fo hofkr, fo ekr h`lh. @os shkjjars (astkbkeoras) (astkbkeoras) sa ckf elvarslhkeo y parbahhlofkeo, eankfeo ktrës `os horraos ea pclsclfd jk` jk` ashrltos y ikskeos af taxto. Kcork hofstruyaf sltlos bk`sos hojp`atos y pëdlfks ea raeas sohlk`as hojo saûua`os pkrk hkjpkûks jk`lhlosks. @k avo`uhløf ea` jk`wkra astë astë orlaftkek k pkskr easkparhlileo pkrk a` usukrlo. K elbarafhlk ea `o qua ohurrêk ckha k`dufos kûos, eofea `ks lfbahhlofas þflhkjafta jo`astkikf k` usukrlo o eankikf `afto a` slstajk, coy sa afbohkf af oitafar a` hoftro` ea tu hojputkeork y eankr`o hojo zojil borjkfeo pkrta ea ufk iofat (hofnufto ea hojputkeorks hofahtkeks k lftarfat hoftro`keks rajotkjafta). Af `k jkyorêk ea `os hksos a` usukrlo hojþf fl slqulark fotkrë qua su slstajk poerêk astkrsa uskfeo pkrk fas l`adk`as.
Kquê ta hojpk h ojpkrtlj rtljos os k`dufo k `dufoss tlps tlp s pkrk pk rk avltkr sar vlhtljk ea `ks hkjpkûks ea lfdaflarêk sohlk`> 7;. Uoeo af`kha ea projohlofas p rojohlofas y fotlhlks safskhlofk`lstks sof sospahcosks ckstk qua sa eajuastra `o hoftrkrlo. 79. Avltk ckhar h`lh hukfeo ta pksaf uf af`kha, kp`lhkhløf o krhclvo. Af ufk boto tkjilìf puaea vaflr hkjukeo uf høeldo jk`lhloso. 78. Xl qularas aftarkrta ea `k vlek ea `os bkjosos fo as fahaskrlo khuelr k flfdþf af`kha qua ta ``adua por jaelo ea raeas sohlk`as, horraos a`ahtrøflhos o XJX. Astk lfborjkhløf `k puaeas afhoftrkr slf kyuek ea fkela. 75. Fkela ta radk`krë fkek slf paelr k`do k hkjilo, fl kutos, fl hursos ea lfd`ìs, fl vk`as ea eashuaftos. Xospahck ea toeo `o drktulto, porqua sl fo tlafa hosto a` proeuhto aras tþ. 71. Avltk ckhar h`lh af af`khas khortkeos pafskfeo qua kcê poerës skiar qulìf vlo tu par`. Uaf Uaf `k sadurleke qua Bkhaioom y y TcktsKpp ta kvlskrëf por jaelos ohlk`as hukfeo asto sa puaek skiar. kp`lhkhlo fas 72. Huêekta ea `os drupos af `ks kp`lhkhlofas ea jafsknarêk, hojo por anajp`o TcktsKpp y `os XJX, fo ckdks h`lh af af`khas qua hlrhu`kf por astos drupos. 74. Wrotìdata hof so`uhlofas ea sadurleke hojo kftlvlrus, usk hoftrksaûks elstlftks y buartas pkrk hkek ufo ea `os sarvlhlos qua jkfanas. Ksadþrkta qua astks fo sa ra`khlofaf hof fkek ea tu vlek o dustos parsofk`as y hëjilk`ks brahuaftajafta. 73. Fkela astë `lira ea sar vêhtljk ea lfdaflarêk sohlk`, kufqua usas slstajks oparktlvos elbaraftas k Tlfeows y y Kferole. 7<. Nkjës 7<. Nkjës proporhlofas tus hraeafhlk`as k fkela. Flfdþf sarvlhlo sarlo y `adêtljo ta `ks praduftkrë. ;7. Fkek as `o qua pkraha> af jktarlk ea sadurleke, `k pravafhløf as lfelspafski`a.
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HQ@UQYK / raspofskil`leke horporktlvk
K pkr tlr e a 97 ;2 ` kfzkjo s fua stro prodrkjk ea vo`uftkrlkeo vo`uftk rlkeo ajprask ajpraskrlk` rlk` pkrk qua `os ho`kiorkeoras tafdkf `k oportufleke ea pkrtlhlpkr af khtlvlekeas qua janoraf `k hk`leke ea vlek ea `ks parsofks qua vlvaf af a` astkeo y af `os `ud kras eofea oparkjos.
Easea qua a` prodrkjk lflhlo… • Cajos rak`lzkeo 51 lflhlktlvk lflhlktlvkss • Anas ‘ Easkrro``o hojufltkrlo ‘ Jaelo Kjilafta ‘ Aeuhkhløf • ;7,<35 vo`uftkrlos • ;7<,;18 parsofks iafahlkek iafahlkekss
Af astk ohksløf fos ufljos pkrk rackil`ltkr eos ashua`ks> Wraasho`kr Yosk`lfek Asplfosk Ortlz y Wrljkrlk Rêhtor Jkfua` Jkrtêfaz. Af `k khtlvleke pkrtlhlpkrof 877 vo`uftkrlos ea Iapafsk y ea `k Bufekhløf ea` Ajpraskrlo \uhktaho (Baykh), jkastros, pkeras ea bkjl`lk y k`ujfos. Xa plftkrof af 98 sk`ofas lftarloras y axtarloras, ohlfks, pksl``os, hkfhcks, ikreks, nuados, ashk`arks y tahcos, tahcos, keajës sajirkrof 17 ërio`as y hrakrof eos
cuartos asho`kras. Hof asto ljpkhtkjos ea jkfark posltlvk k jës ea ;727 astuelkftas ea praasho`kr y prljkrlk. Hof khhlofas hojo astk, Iapafsk rakblrjk su hojprojlso hof sus ho`kiorkeoras, hof `k sohlaeke y hof `k aeuhkhløf ea` astkeo y ea` pkês. ¡Ashkfak a` hoeldo [Y y ravlva `k rackil`ltkhløf ea `ks eos ashua`ks!
¡Nuftos ckhajos jës! 93 / leaftleke
leaftleke /
HQ@UQYK / raspofskil`leke horporktlvk
Wofta pl`ks
hof a` jaelo kjilafta
9<
HQ@UQYK / raspofskil`leke horporktlvk
Wofta pl`ks
hof a` jaelo kjilafta A` ;8 ea kdosto lflhlø `k hkjpkûk Wofta pl`ks aff Iapafsk Lfeustrlk` . hof a` jaelo kjilafta a Xa trktk ea ckil`ltkr ls`ks aho`ødlhks pkrk sapkrkr `os easahcos sø`leos hojo WAU, k`ujlflo, iktarêks uskeks provaflaftas ea `os aqulpos a`ahtrøflhos y rasleuos ordëflhos. Keajës, ufk vaz k` jas jas aftradkjos aftradkjos `os rasleuos ea WAU y k`ujlflo k `k Ksohlkhløf Jaxlhkfk ea Flûos Flûos hof Hëfhar (Kjkfh) pkrk qua, k trkvìs ea su prodrkjk ea khoplo, puaekf oitafar bofeos pkrk hojprkr jaelhkjaftos pkrk a` trktkjlafto ea `os jaforas. Wor otro `keo, `os easahcos ordëflhos ea `os hoftafaeoras sarvlrëf pkrk rak`lzkr hojpostk qua sa hofvartlrë af kiofo pkrk futrlr `ks ëraks vareas ea` hojp`ano [uarìtkro.
¿[uì asparks? Wofta pl`ks hof a` jaelo kjilafta y sapkrk `os rasleuos af `ks ls`ks aho`ødlhks.
87 / leaftleke
HQ@UQYK / raspofskil`le raspofskil`leke ke horporktlv horporktlvk k
W@K\KX @LJ W@K\ @LJWLKX WLKX : UOYUQDKX XKFKX A` 99 ea nuflo, 8; ho`kiorkeoras ea Jadkjkm Hujjlfs, KQXWAF y Rìrtlha, Rìrtlha, khojpkûkeos ea` parsofk` ea Yasarvk ea `k Iløsbark ea \uhktëf y a` aqulpo ea Wrofkturk, pkrtlhlpkrof af `k `ljplazk ea `ks p`kyks ea Ha`astþf, hojo pkrta ea `k lflhlktlvk Xk`vkfeo k `ks Uortudks. @os kslstaftas raho`ahtkrof y h`kslhkrof rasleuos sø`leos qua pofaf af rlasdo k `k poi`khløf ea tortudks jkrlfks ea `k zofk. K` fk` rahorrla rahorrlarof rof hlfho ml`øjatros y raho`ahtkrof jës ea 577 ml`os ea iksurk.
¡Axha`afta trkikno, aqulpo! leaftleke /
8;
HQ@UQYK / raspofskil`leke horporktlvk
¿\k vlsta højo quaeø `k
HKXK CODKY WKF EA RLE RLEK? ¡Lfhraêi`a!
A` ;8 y ;5 ea nu`lo, 94 ho`kiorkeoras ea Jadkjkm Uorraøf Uorraøf pkrtlhlpkrof af a` rashkta ea` ërak ea aspkrhljlafto. Wrljaro, ashojirkrof y rahodlarof 177 ml`os ea iksurk= easpuìs, plftkrof ;;1 jatros ea juros y ikreks. Blfk`jafta, lfstk`krof a` ërak varea, a` hki`akeo fuavo y `os nuados ea carrarêk. Ksê, easpuìs ea ;7 corks, `k Hksk Codkr Wkf ea Rlek astë `lstk pkrk qua 81 flûos ea aftra 9 y ;1 kûos `k elsbrutaf k` jëxljo.
89 / leaftleke
HQ@UQYK / raspofskil`le raspofskil`leke ke horporktlv horporktlvk k
¡W`kftkjos
47
Xê, `aêsta ilaf. A` ;3 ea nuflo hojo pkrta ea `k lflhlktlvk Xajirkfeo uf Buturo Nuftos, 91 ho`kiorkeoras y 47 astuelkftas pkrtlhlpkrof af `k raborastkhløf ea prljark af `k hlueke ea Jìrlek . ufk ashua`k prljark
ërio`as!
¿Xkiêks qua af a` avafto tkjilìf pkrtlhlpkrof BlfIa, BufIa y HOFKBOY? Ksê toeos nuftos hofhof trliuljos k` hulekeo ea fuastro p`kfatk.
¡Astkjos `lstos pkrk var hrahar k fuastros f uastros krio`ltos!
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HQ@UQYK / raspofskil`leke horporktlvk
¡Uafajos uf pkrqua fuavo!
A` ;7 ea nu`lo, ho`kiorkeoras ea Fktlofk`, Aftarprlsa, KJXK, H`ui Hkr Hkr,, LEAK@AKXA, Iapafsk pkrtlhlpkrof af `k Iaileks y Bufekhløf Iapafsk pkrtlhlpkrof rackil`ltkhløf ea uf pkrqua af Wuarto Jora`os, [ulftkfk Yoo, hojo pkrta ea `k lflhlktlvk \ \uj-Fkt uj-Fkt . A` oinatlvo ark krrad`kr uf aspkhlo qua kftarlorjafta bua uf iksuraro, ljpkhtkfeo k hksl 87 jl` ckiltkftas ea` juflhlplo y, ea jkfark elrahtk, k
85 / leaftleke
<,;33 ckiltkftas ea `k `ohk`leke . Ksê, af tkf so`o slata corks, drkhlks k `k pkrtlhlpkhløf ea 11 ho`kiorkeoras sa `odrø trkfsborjkr a` `udkr. Kcork a` pkrqua pkrqua huaftk hof ëraks vareas, jøeu`os ea nuados lfbkftl`as, kpkrktos pkrk ckhar anarhlhlo y hkjlfos pkrk horrar o trotkr. Keajës, Bufekhløf kpoyø hof `k eofkhløf ea tras hoftafaeoras Iapafsk kpoyø pkrk `k raho`ahhløf ea WAU.
HQ@UQYK / raspofskil`le raspofskil`leke ke horporktlv horporktlvk k
¡Juhcks ba`lhlekeas! leaftleke /
81
HQ@UQYK / raspofskil`lekehorporktlvk
HQ@UQYK / raspofskil`leke horporktlvk
EAXHOFAHUKUQX KWKYKUOX yk qua lfh`uso kpkdkeos hofsujaf
ckstk 87% ea afardêk. Qfk so`uhløf bëhl` as hofahtkr toeos `os kpkrktos k ufk ikrrk ea hofaxlofas y kpkdkr a` swlthc k` tarjlfkr ea uskr`os. KCOYYK WKWA@. Qtl`lzk pkpa` rahlh`keo y pra-utl`lzkeo.
@k cujkfleke, af `k iþsquaek ea sktlsbkhar sus fahaslekeas iëslhks ck astki`ahleo uf joeo ea vlek eofea `k eadrkekhløf aho`ødlhk, a` kdotkjlafto ea `os rahursos fkturk`as y a` subrljlafto cujkfo ckf sleo dkstos ho`ktark`as af pos ea` easkrro``o sohlk`, tahfo`ødlho y ahoføjlho. Astk hofeuhtk fos ck hofeuhleo k uf topa k`krjkfta y as jojafto ea qua toeks `ks sohlaekeas a lfelvleuos keoptajos uf astl`o ea vlek ikskeo af a` hofhapto ea easkrro``o sustaftki`a. @as hojpkrtljos k hoftlfukhløf khhlofas qua fos kyuekrëf k hulekr a` jaelo kjilafta, kprovahckr k` jëxljo `os rahursos qua tafajos y janorkr a` aqul`lirlo aho`ødlho, sohlk` y ahoføjlho ea fuastro p`kfatk.
FO UA HQA@DQAX. @os elki`ltos provohkf qua `os trkfsborjkeoras
sa soirahk`laftaf y dkstaf jës afardêk.
FO LJWYLJKX HOYYAOX LFFAHAXKYLOX y kdradk ufk `ayafek
k` pla ea `os jlsjos pkrk hrakr hofhlafhlk af otrks parsofks. ULAFEA @K YOWK af vaz ea uskr `k sahkeork. A` so` as drktls. @@ARK UQ UK^K UK^K O UCAY JO af vaz ea uskr radu`krjafta vksos ea CLAYRA XØ@O A@ KDQK FAHAXKYLK af o``ks y hkbatarks.
uflha` o p`ëstlho pkrk a` hkbì y kduk.
UKWK HKHAYO@KX \ XKYUAFAX eurkfta `k hohhløf o janor
KWYORAHCK HEX \ EREX k` jëxljo ea su hkpkhleke ea k`jk-
utl`lzk o``ks k prasløf.
hafkna y utl`lzk soiras ea pkpa` af vaz ea p`ëstlho pkrk k`jkhafkr`os.
KWKDK @K AXUQBK \ COYFO 1 JLFQUOX KFUAX. Eank qua a`
KWKDK A@ JOFLUOY eurkfta `k cork ea `k hojlek o sk`leks axtafsks.
hk`or rasleuk` tarjlfa ea hohlfkr tus p`ktl``os. XAWKYK @K IKXQYK af ordëflhk (easahcos fkturk`as y p`kftks),
YARLXK \ YAWKYK BQDKX ea lfjaelkto, yk qua puaeaf rapra-
lfordëflhk (pkpa`, hkrtøf, vlerlo, p`kstlho y jatk`) y easahcos skfltkrlos. Lfbørjkta y axlda `k sapkrkhløf k `os raho`ahtoras ea tu `ohk`leke.
saftkr jl`as ea `ltros k` kûo.
EAXHOFAHUK KWKYKUOX k` tarjlfkr tu norfkek. @LJWLK UQ AXUQBK `os quajkeoras suhlos hofsujaf ;7% jës
hojiustli`a.
@LJWLK @K IKXQYK bkhl`ltk `k sapkrkhløf y rahlh`kna k` `kvkr y vkhlkr
EAXHKYDK EQYKFUA A@ EÊK krhclvos y hoftafleos pkrk fo eankr
`k hojputkeork afhafelek toek `k fohca.
LFXUK@K YAHLWLAFUAX HKWUKEOYAX pkrk raho`ahtkr a` kduk af
tajporkek ea ``uvlks.
YARLXK UQ HK@AFUKEOY k` jafos ufk vaz k` kûo.
XQXULUQ\A juai`as skfltkrlos, radkearks y vë`vu`ks ea k`to hofsu-
HKJILK K QF HK@AFUKEOY EA WKXO o hofsleark kp`lhkr`a
jo por khhasorlos y jahkflsjos kcorrkeoras.
kls`kfta tìrjlho.
HKJILK K NKIOFAX \ @KRKUYKXUAX iloeadrkeki`as.
QILHK A@ YABYLDAYKEOY af `udkras brashos y su rafeljlafto
hoftafaeoras ea rasleuos ea k`ljaftos y iaileks.
H@KXLBLHK LFUAYYQWUO LFUAYYQWUOYAX YAX pkrk qua `ks parsofks qua trkiknkf
HOJWKHUK k` jëxljo `k iksurk pkrk utl`lzkr jafos io`sks. Easkrjk
hknks y ajpkquas, kp`kstk `ks iota``ks.
tkrea o af fas ea sajkfk sø`o afhlafekf `ks `uhas qua fahasltkf. ARLUK UYK\AHUOX rak`lzkfeo a` trkikno qua sak posli`a por ta`ì-
YAQUL@L^K JKUAYLK@AX. Kftas ea tlrkr k`do plafsk sl `o puaeas
bofo, horrao a`ahtrøflho o vleaohofbarafhlk vleaohofbarafhlk..
sarë jkyor.
rapkrkr, radk`kr o kprovahckr ea otrk jkfark. Wor anajp`o `ks p`kyarks vlanks sa puaeaf hofvartlr af trkpos ea hohlfk.
K@JKHAFK A@ KHALUA af iota``ks ea p`ëstlho. Qfk dotk puaea
@LJLUK A@ HOFXQJO EA KDQK. Fo eanas `ks ``kvas kilartks o `k
OYDKFL^K @KX HKYDKX ea `kvkeork y `kvktrkstas pkrk kprovahckr
jkfduark horrlafeo jlaftrks astks `kvkfeo, utl`lzk uf vkso k` `kvkrta `os elaftas y huiatks pkrk `kvkr a` hkrro. Yladk `ks p`kftks por `k jkûkfk o fohca.
k` jëxljo.
hoftkjlfkr ckstk ;7jl` `ltros ea kduk.
UKWK UKW K @OX K@LJAFUOX AF A@ YABYLDAYKEOY yk qua sl dafarkf
¡Keoptajos astks khhlofas hojo pkrta ea fuastrk rutlfk y astl`o ea vlek!
cujaeke ckhaf qua trkikna jës ea `o fahaskrlo.
`os eanas prafeleos jlaftrks sk`as. HKJILK K BOHOX KCOYYKEOYAX EA @AE y kcorrk ckstk a`
41% ea a`ahtrlhleke. YAQUL@L^K a` kduk ea `k radkeark y `kvkeork pkrk `ljplazk, rlado y
pkrk a` TH> pof ufk huiatk jlaftrks sa hk`laftk a` kduk ea` ikûo y k` tarjlfkr a` hlh`o ea `kvkeo.
WYODYKJK UAYJOXUKUOX \ KLYA KH. Xl huaftks hof a``os, fo
HOFXLEAYK A@ KLX@KJLAFUO UÌYJLHO sl tu hksk raqulara
hofstkftajafta ea hk`abkhhløf. HKJILK K WL@KX YAHKYDKI@AX y eaposltk `ks pl`ks hojufas
af `os jøeu`os aspahlk`as pkrk su easahco.
QUL@L^K HO@OYAX H@KYOX af pkraeas y tahcos pkrk kprovahckr
`k `uz fkturk`. IKÛKUA JKX YËWLEO. Yahortk `k eurkhløf ea tus ikûos k 1
KWKDK @KX @QHAX hukfeo fo astìs af hksk y hofsleark lfstk`kr
jlfutos y hlarrk `k ``kva jlaftrks ta afnkiofks.
safsoras ea jovljlafto qua `ks khtlvaf sø`o hukfeo `ks fahasltks. O`vêekta a` jlto ea eankr `ks `uhas prafeleks pkrk qua fo sa jatkf k roikr.
FO ULYAX EAXAHCOX k` TH.
raspofskil`leke horporktlvk
HKJILK K DKX FKUQYK@. @ks ajlslofas af su hojiustlof sof
juhco jks iknks qua a` dks @W y otros hojiustli`as hojo hkriøf, elasa` y `aûk.
82 / leaftleke
leaftleke /
HQ@UQYK / elshlp`lfk fkfhlark
¿Højo tafar
elshlp`lfk fkfhlark? ¿[ularas kcorrkr elfaro, paro tkjilìf elsbrutkr? Afhuaftrk ufk borjk sljp`a ea ckhar`o slf praohupkrta toeos `os eêks ea tus fkfzks.
Ordkflzk toeos tus eohujaftos fkfhlaros. Hrak ufk hkrpatk elvlelek af sahhlofas hof tus dkstos, saduros, khtlvos, lfdrasos y raspofskil`lekeas. Wuaeas atlquatkr`o hojo> k. Hksk‘eapkrtkjafto i. Dkstos jafsuk`as h. Lfdrasos e. Xaduros a. Dkstos jìelhos b. Racêhu`o d. Xarvlhlos c. Ljpuastos
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HQ@UQYK / elshlp`lfk fkfhlark
¿Højo tafar
elshlp`lfk fkfhlark? ¿[ularas kcorrkr elfaro, paro tkjilìf elsbrutkr? Afhuaftrk ufk borjk sljp`a ea ckhar`o slf praohupkrta toeos `os eêks ea tus fkfzks.
Ordkflzk toeos tus eohujaftos fkfhlaros. Hrak ufk hkrpatk elvlelek af sahhlofas hof tus dkstos, saduros, khtlvos, lfdrasos y raspofskil`lekeas. Wuaeas atlquatkr`o hojo> k. Hksk‘eapkrtkjafto i. Dkstos jafsuk`as h. Lfdrasos e. Xaduros a. Dkstos jìelhos b. Racêhu`o d. Xarvlhlos c. Ljpuastos
H`kslhk `k lfborjkhløf af `ks hkrpatks. Wor anajp`o, af hksk‘eapkrtkjafto lfh`uya a` hoftrkto ea k`qul`ar o `k clpotahk. Af sarvlhlos> dks, `uz, kduk, ta`avlsløf, lftarfat, ta`ìbofo. @os dkstos jafsuk`as puaeaf lfh`ulr hojprks af a` suparjarhkeo, aftratafljlafto, ropk, ath.
Yak`lzk uf raporta hof tus lfdrasos y dkstos. Ckz asto eurkfta tras jasas pkrk eatarjlfkr a` pktrøf ea dkstos. Ksê ta poerës ekr huaftk ea huëftks vahas hojas buark o ea `o qua dkstks af a` hlfa.
Eatarjlfk huëfto dkstks af hkek hktadorêk . K`dufos dkstos sof fahaskrlos hojo `k clpotahk o `k raftk, o `os sarvlhlos, slf ajikrdo, poerêks raeuhlr `os dkstos jafsuk`as eatarjlfkfeo prljaro huëfto dkstks af hojleks, hojprks, ath.
Afhuaftrk borjks ea raeuhlr dkstos. Wor anajp`o> ;.- Hoja buark ufk vaz af sajkfk o k` k ` jas af `udkr ea vkrlks vahas k `k sajkfk. 9.-Ckzta 9.Ckzta tu proplo hkbì af `udkr ea hojprkr ufo. 8.-Eank tus tkrnatks ea hrìelto af hksk hukfeo vkyks ea hojprks.
toeo `o qua qulaAstki`aha uf oinatlvo. Kpuftk toeo ras hofsadulr, ashrlia `o qua ta hostkrë y huëfto tkrekrës af k`hkfzkr`o.
Yahuarek> ;.- Eatarjlfk tus jatks k horto p`kzo
Astki`aha ufk hkftleke hofhratk ea elfaro pkrk raeuhlr tus eaueks o pkrk a`ljlfkr`ks hojp`atkjafta. Xì rak`lstk.
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y huëfto eaiarës kcorrkr hkek jas.
9.- Xlajpra pkdkr tus eaueks kftas ea dkstkr jës.
elshlp`lfk blfkfhlark
HQ@UQYK / boho af a` h`lafta h`lafta
HYJ ¿[QÌ AX \ WKYK [QÌ XLYRA? (HYJ) as ufk Hustojar Ya`ktlofsclp Jkfkdajaft ( carrkjlaftk ea sobtwkra afbohkek afbohkek êftadrkjafta k` boho af a` h`lafta
h`lafta pkrk `k dastløf y optljlzkhløf ea `k lfborjkhløf. Af Iapafsk ljpu`skjos ufk hu`turk afbohkek af a` h`lafta y `k trkfsborjkhløf eldltk`, por aso hoftkjos hof tras sobtwkras> ;. Xk`asborha.hoj (Jotrlz, Lfeustrlk` y Xplrlts) 9. Jlhrosobt Eyfkjlhs (BLFIA) 8. T 8. TormIyH`oue ormIyH`oue (Iaileks)
@os tras sobtwkras fos fos obrahaf vkrlks vaftknks pkrk a` jkfano ea `ks ra`khlofas hof fuastros h`laftas , por anajp`o> ;. Kequlrlr ;. Kequlrlr uf jkyor hofohljlafto h ofohljlafto ea` jarhkeo, hojprafear k` h`lafta, kujaftkr h`laftas, `ks vaftks, `k prospahhløf y `k obartk. 9. Ekr vlslil`leke af tlajpo rak` ea `k lfborjkhløf k flva` trkfskhhlofk` y anahutlvk ea lfelhkeoras h`kvas ea fadohlo, saduljlafto ea hkjpkûks ea jkrmatlfd, proyahhløf ea vaftks, sktlsbkhhløf ea` h`lafta, ath. 8. Kyuekr 8. Kyuekr k `k p`kfakhløf `ks hkjpkûks ea ea`lzkhløf y `k sadjaftkhløf ea` jarhkeo. 5. Wrojov Wrojovar ar `k hojuflhkhløf af toeos `os flva`as ea `k ordkflzkhløf. Af hofh`usløf, uf HYJ kportk hofohljlafto ea `os h`laftas y prospahtos, su bksa ea vlek eaftro ea `k ajprask, su vk`or af tìrjlfos jofatkrlos y a` tlajpo lfvartleo af a``os. Xlf euek, a` HYJ fo so`o fos parjlta ckhar jës hosks, slfo qua fos parjlta ckhar`ks janor.
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HQ@UQYK / boho af a` h`lafta h`lafta
Avo`uhlofkfeo ckhlk ufk
Hu`turk Eldltk` Af a` jas ja s ea Kdosto, Kdo sto, BlfIa rak`lzø a` `kfzkjlafto `kfzkjlafto ea ea uf fuavo hkfk` ea vaftks k trkvìs ea uf portk` wai elrldleo k `ks kdafhlks kutojotrlhas, k`lfakek k `k astrktadlk ea Iapafsk y afhkjlfkek k` prohaso ea trkfsborjkhløf eldltk`. Hof a` prlfhlpk` oinatlvo ea ekr raspuastk af uf tlajpo fo jkyor k 9 corks `k kutorlzkhløf ea hrìelto, elrldleo k potafhlk`as h`laftas ea` sadjafto kutojotrlz, jkxljlzkfeo `k ahlafhlk oparktlvk y afbohkeo k ufk janor axparlafhlk ea sarvlhlo k` h`lafta.
¡Xlf euek, saduljos avo`uhlofkfeo ckhlk ufk hu`turk eldltk` y ea lffovkhløf af `k ordkflzkhløf! Xl astës lftaraskeo af qua ta kutorlhaf uf hraelto elrldlta k Anahutlvo Hojarhlk` ea BlfIa BlfIa..
Hoftëhtkfos> 7; 377 ; BlfIa ;
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HQ@UQYK / boho
afHQ@UQYK a` h`lafta
leaftleke /
5;
BQFIA
@ljplazk ea hostks Krrrahl Kr ahlbba K` K`khrkf khrkfas as 97 97;3 ;3 A` 9; ea nuflo, Bufekhløf Bufekhl øf Iapafsk, HOFKFW HOFKF W, `k Xahratkrêk ea Jkrlfk, a` H`ui ea \ktas ea \uhktëf \uhktëf y `k Ksohlkhløf ea Iuzos Uìhflhos Uìhflhos ea \uhktëf Elva Haftar Ha ftar pkrtlhlpkrof pkrtlh lpkrof af `k `ljplazk ea hostks af a` Wkrqua Fkhlofk` ea Krrahlba K`khrkfas. @k tkrak hofslstlø af ckhar `ljplazk ea `ks hlfho ls`ks qua hofborjkf asta krrahlba af uf `kpso ea tras eêks, tarjlfkfeo a` 98 ea nuflo af Ls`k Wìraz. Hojo pkrta ea `k `odêstlhk, `os pkrtlhlpkftas sa elvlelarof af aqulpos ea tras parsofks. Hkek ufo ``avkik uf radlstro ea `k iksurk hof `k lftafsløf ea h`kslhkr`k y skiar quì raho`ahtkek hof tlpos ea easahcos sof `os jës kiufekftas. K` fk` sa raho`ahtkrof jës ea 377 ml`os ea iksurk , aftra p`ëstlhos, pat, vlerlo, jatk`as y otros. Eaftro `ks khtlvlekeas hojp`ajaftkrlks sa ``avø k hkio a` hofhurso af `êfak Washk ea Washk `k Iksurk Krrahlba K`khrkfas K`khr kfas af a` sltlo www.krrahlbak`khrkfas.hoj, pkrk projovar ufk hu`turk ea hulekeo ea` jaelo kjilafta y, af aspahlk`, k `os krrahlbas.
59 / leaftleke
Xa raho`ahtkrof jës ea 377 Md ea iksurk aftra p`ëstlhos, pat, vlerlo, jatk`as y otros
BQFIA
leaftleke /
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BQFIA
HAFOUAX, @KDOX HAFOUAX, \ @KDQFK Bufekhløf Iapafsk Iapaf sk bkvoraha a` hulekeo, `k rahuparkhløf y `k hofsarvkhløf ea` kduk af `k pafêfsu`k ea \uhktëf.
A` prodrkjk ea skfakjlafto y rackil`ltkhløf ea hafotas hojafzø af 97;1. K `k bahck sa ckf lftarvafleo ;2 hafotas, rahuparkfeo jës ea hlfho tofa`keks ea easparelhlo y pravlflaf-
eo `k hoftkjlfkhløf ea hlaftos ea jl`as ea jatros hþilhos ea kduk partafahlaftas k `k rasarvk suitarrëfak ea asta `êquleo jës ljportkfta ea Jìxlho.
Asta proyahto tlafa tras oinatlvos> • Wroy Wroyahto ahto pro proeuhtl euhtlvo vo ea ahotu ahotu--
Af a` 97;3 9 7;3 sa lftarvaferëf huktro hafotas> Hafota Qilhkhløf Uzë Ltzë Uahoc, \uhktëf Wlxtøf Xkfkchkt, \uhktëf Cohtþf Cohtþf, \uhktëf Wor eaflr Wor eaflr A` hafota Cohtþf, uilhkeo af a` juflhlplo ea` jlsjo fojira, sarë oinato ea ufk khtlvleke ea vo`uftkrlkeo hof ho`kiorkeoras ea Iapafsk Iaileks qua qularkf pkrtlhlpkr. Af su jojafto sa rak`lzkrë `k hofvohktorlk y sa axp`lhkrë a` prohaeljlafto.
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rlsjo.
Bahck Nuavas 87 ea kdosto Nuavas ;; ea ohtuira Xëikeo ;7 fovlajira Xëikeo 3 ea elhlajira
Keajës, k` prodrkjk ea Hafotas ea Bufekhløf Iapafsk, sa ``avk k hkio af hofnufto hof Wrofkturk Wafêfsu`k ea \uhktëf y Bufekhløf Hohk-Ho`k, a` proyahto Jkfano Cêerlho Xustaftki`a, af a` anleo ea Jldua` Ho`orkeo af Hkjpahca.
• Hofsarvkhløf Hofsarvkhløf ea` ërak. ërak. Xoira Xoira ufk suparhla ea 82,123 cks, sa protadaf 59 hafotas y 9 `kdufks. • Wroeuhhløf Wroeuhhløf kdro kdropahukr pahukrlk lk iknk iknk af ajlslofas
Wkrk jkyoras lfborjas, soira huk`qulark ea astos proyahtos, k` horrao> `harvarkhkGiapafsk.hoj
ARAFUOX
Wkrk qulaf ckha qua `os eêks ea `k sajkfk sakf jës bëhl`as
¡BA@L^ EÊK EA @K XAHYAUKYLK!
¡Juhcks drkhlks por su kpoyo! leaftleke /
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ARAFUOX
¡Ba`lhlekeas ¡B a`lhlekeas pkpës!
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KJAFLEKEAX ARAFUOX
Elsaûo varea Qtl`lzkr jktarlk`as rahlh`keos pkrk eahorkr tu hksk, fo so`o hoftrliuya k` hulekeo ea` jaelo kjilafta, slfo qua tkjilìf taferës uf elsaûo juy joearfo y slf dkstkr juhco elfaro. ¿Cks vlsto toeo `o qua puaeas ckhar hof `os pk`ats y cukhk`as?
Yafuavk tu hukrto
Ho`ohk huktro pk`ats a lfh`uya uf pkfa` ea jkeark hojo hkiahark. A` rasu`tkeo sarë sorprafeafta por juy poho elfaro.
¿[uì tk` ufk jask?
Xo`o fahasltks uf pk`at y huktro ruaeks. Wkrk `odrkr`o eaiarës `ljplkr `k jkeark, `lnkr`k y plftkr`k ea` ho`or qua jës ta dusta. @ks ruaeks `ks puaeas hojprkr af ufk barratarêk.
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KJAFLEKEAX
Qf huafto k `k vlst vlstk> k> Iushkfeo uf codkr Waero Wki`o Xkhrlstëf. Lfdaflaro Karofëutlho, ashrltor ea huaftos lfbkftl`as .
A` `krdo hurso af `k ashua`k ea krkûks ckiêk tarjlfkeo. Wor f `ks nøvafas krkûks astkikf `lstks pkrk sk`lr af iushk ea su fuavo codkr. Jlaftrks prapkrkikf `k axpaelhløf, `os jkastros rapatêkf `k forjk iëslhk ufk y otrk vaz> - Iushke ufk bkjl`lk hof kjilafta ea lduk`eke. Yahoreke, sof bkjl`lks jës ba`lhas,y sl `ks ktrkpkf taferkf juhcks jës poslil`lekeas ea sk`lr vlvks. A` drupo ea krkûks profto afhoftrø ufk prljark hksk. Ûkml, ufk ea `ks janoras k`ujfks, hofrjø afsadulek ea quì tlpo sa trktkik> ark ufk bkjl`lk ‐pkpë k` sobë, jkjë k `k hohlfk‚ h ohlfk‚ ea kutìftlho jkfuk`, `k jës pa`ldrosk ea toeks. Hojo ark ea asparkr asparkr,,
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`k jkjë y `ks hclhks ckhêkf hksl toeks `ks hosks, y hukfeo sa `as ohurrlø paelr kyuek, `os hclhos sa fadkrof k ckhar fkek qua buark ‐hosks ea hclhks‚. ¡\ pkrk a``os toeo ark hosk ea hclhks! Ûkml `o tafêk h`kro, ask ark `k pruaik eafltlvk ea `k bk`tk ea lduk`eke lduk `eke y ea hkrlûo. Xl `k ktrkpkikf af kqua``k hksk, `a asparkrêk `o paor. Xldulafeo su vlkna afhoftrkrof ufk bkjl`lk elstlftk , eofea hclhos y hclhks ckhêkf toeks `ks tkraks. @ks rapkrtêkf hof tkftk axkhtltue, qua fo pkrahêk ckiar janor pruaik ea lduk`eke. ‐Coy ta tohk k tl, jkûkfk ja tohk k jê‚, ‐Kquê, fkela as ash`kvo ea fkela, yo ckdo `o jêo, tþ ckhas `o tuyo‚ eahêkf. Waro Ûkml fo qulso prahlpltkrsa, y sldulø
KJAFLEKEAX
oisarvkfeo k tkf lduk`êsljk bkjl`lk. @a praohupkik `k bk`tk ea k`adrêk qua oisarvkik, puas sa supofêk qua ufk bkjl`lk hof tkftk lduk`eke eaiêk sar juy ba`lz. Waro hojo toeos ckhêkf ea toeo , toeos eaelhkikf juhco tlajpo k tkraks qua fo `as dustkikf, y ea kcê su bk`tk ea k`adrêk. Ksê qua, kufqua k`dufks krkûks sa quaekrof k``ê, Ûkml eahlelø sadulr iushkfeo. \ khartø, porqua kqua``k bkjl`lk tkf praohupkek por rapkrtlr toeo tkf axkhtkjafta fo pueo jkftafar uf aqul`lirlo tkf parbahto eurkfta juhco tlajpo. \ ksê, o`vlekfeo por quì vlvêkf nuftos, tarjlfkrof tarjl fkrof rapkrtlafeo rapkr tlafeo tkjilìf tkji lìf `k hksk aftra drkfeas elsputks, y fo sa sk`vø fl ufk so`k ea `ks krkûks qua sa ckiêkf quaekeo.
Fo tkreø Ûkml af afhoftrkr otrk bkjl`lk hof kspahto k`adra y ba`lz. K prljark vlstk, fo pkrahêkf vlvlr juhco `k lduk`eke. Hkek ufo ckhêk tkraks juy elstlftks, a lfh`uso `ks hclhks ckhêkf juhcks ea `ks hosks qua ckiêk vlsto af kqua``k prljark bkjl`lk tkf pa`ldrosk . Waro `k k`adrêk qua sa fotkik af a` kjilafta kfljø k `k krkûk k sadulr lfvastldkfeo. Aftofhas eashuirlø qua af ask bkjl`lk ckiêk ufk lduk`eke aspahlk`. Kufqua hkek ufo ckhêk tkraks elstlftks, pkrahêk qua ckiêkf a`adleo sus bkvorltks y ckiêkf rapkrtleo `ks qua jafos `as dustkikf sadþf sus prabarafhlks. Waro
soira toeo, `o qua ckhêk þflhk ask bkjl`lk, ark qua ekik lduk` sl hclhos o hclhks paeêkf kyuek, huk`qulark ea a``os khueêk slajpra hof ufk sofrlsk. \ hukfeo fk`jafta, af `udkr ea ‐tkraks ea hclhos o hclhks‚, o ‐tkraks tuyks o jêks‚, ashuhcø ‐kquê `ks tkraks sof ea toeos‚, sa hofvafhlø ea qua kqua``k ark `k hksk leak` pkrk vlvlr.
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KJAFLEKEAX
@k iotkfk qua fo puaea bk`tkr af tu astk jaxlhkfk Nlhktkhos. ¿\ Nlhktkhos. ¿\kk `os proiksta proiksta?? Ua afhkftkrëf afhkftkrëf.. Xof bëhl`as ea prapkrkr prapkrkr,, keajës ea qua sof ea`lhlos ea`lhlosos os a leak`as pkrk a` kftono. Hof su plhoslto y kdrleu`ha ra``afo ea paplfo, zkfkcorlk, zkfkco rlk, hkhkcuktas, jkfdo, nudo ea `ljøf y hckjoy. ¡U ¡Uaa ckrëf sk`lvkr ea` kftono! Lfdraelaftas>
Joeo ea prapkrkhløf>
• ;/5 ea tkzk ea dojltk afhcl`kek ea jkfdo. • ; plazk ea nêhkjk raikfkek af `ëjlfks. • ;/9 tkzk ea hcl`a af po`vo • ;/9 tkzk ea jkfdo hortkeo af huiltos. • ; plazk ea paplfo hortkeo af huiltos. • 8 plazks ea zkfkcorlk rk``kek. • ; tkzk ea hkhkcukta nkpofìs. • Hckjoy `êquleo. • Nudo ea `ljøf.
;. Wkrk a` ra``afo, af uf iow` jazh`k a` paplfo hof `k zkfkcorlk, `os hkhkcuktas, a` jkfdo, `ks dojltks ea jkfdo afhcl`keks y a` nudo ea `ljøf. 9. Ajpkflzk `ks raikfkeks ea nêhkjk hof a` hcl`a af po`vo. 8. Ya``afk y afro``k af borjk ea tkho. 5. Xlrva hof hckjoy `êquleo y khojpkûk hof jës `ljøf.
Ulajpo ea prapkrkhløf>
;1 jlfutos
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LFBOYJKHLØF FQUYLHLOFK@
Hk`orêks 33.8 mhk`
5.5%
Hkrioclerktos ;<.; d
2.5%
Wrotaêfks ;.< d
8.<%
@êpleos ;.2 d
9.1%
Blirk elatìtlhk 8.3 d
4.1%
Kzþhkras 1.9 d
1.3%
Ho`astaro` 7 jd
7.7%
*Worhaftkna ea vk`oras elkrlos ikskeos af ufk elatk ea 9,777 hk`orêks
