Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
BAHAN GALIAN DI PULU BINTAN (2005) Oleh : Abdul Fatah Yusuf 1. PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar belakang
Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau adalah salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi yang baru dibentuk, yaitu Provinsi Kepulauan Riau, dengan ibukotanya Tanjungpinang, yang juga ibukota provinsi baru itu. Dalam rangka pengembangan potensi sumber daya alamnya, perlu dilakukan inventarisasi dan penyelidikan potensi sumber daya alam tersebut, salah satu dari sumber daya alam itu adalah bahan galian mineral non logam, dimana data bahan galian tersebut masih kurang.
1.2 . Maksud dan Tujuan
Pelaksanaan inventarisasi dan penyelidikan bahan galian mineral non logam di daerah ini dimaksudkan agar diperoleh data yang lebih optimal mengenai potensi bahan galian serta prospek pemanfaatan dan pengembangannya disamping pemutakhiran data dalam rangka pengembangan Bank data Sumberdaya Mineral Nasional. Dan diharapkan dari kegiatan ini akan tersedianya data dan informasi potensi bahan galian non logam di daerah ini, dengan harapan dapat bermanfaat bagi Pemerintah Daerah setempat sebagai : a. bahan penyusunan master plan pengelolaan bahan galian non logam; b. bahan masukan dalam penyusunan rencana rencana tata ruang wilayah provinsi provinsi (RTRWP), yang akan menjadi acuan penyusunan rencana tata ruang wilayah kabupaten (RTRWK).
1.3.
Lokasi Penyelidikan
Kepulauan Riau dapat dijangkau dengan pesawat udara dari kota-kota besar Indonesia maupun seluruh dunia, melalui bandara udara Batam dan dilajutkan
Bandung 2005
1
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
dengan kapal Ferry menuju ke Pulau Bintan. Dengan Ferry atau Kapal Laut dari Singapura, Johor dan Jakarta menuju ke Pulau Bintan yang hanya ditempuh dengan beberapa jam atau sehari semalam. Dengan jarak yang begitu dekat dengan Singapura dengan menggunakan alat transportasi kapal cepat adalah cara yang sangat mudah ditempuh dari Singapura.
Kepulauan Riau terletak pada 0 ° 40' - 1° 15' Lintang Utara dan 104°07' Bujur Timur di sebelah Barat dan 108° Bujur Timur di sebelah Timur, dimana daratannya terdiri dari daerah berbukit-bukit dengan ketinggian maksimal 325 meter di atas permukaan laut. Kepulauan Riau memiliki letak geografis strategis, dimana wilayahnya terdiri dari lautan yang luas dan pulau-pulau yang tersebar dan sebagian berbatasan langsung dengan negara tetangga Malaysia dan Singapura.
Terdiri tidak kurang dari 200 pulau, tersebar di perairan Selat Malaka dan Laut Cina Selatan. Secara praktis dapat disebutkan wilayah Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau berbatasan pada : −
Sebelah Utara dengan Kabupaten Natuna dan Malaysia Timur;
−
Sebelah Selatan dengan Kabupaten Singkep;
−
Sebelah Barat dengan Kabupaten Karimun, Pulau Batam, dan Singapura;
−
Sebelah Timur dengan Propinsi Kalimantan Barat.
Luas daratan dan lautannya mencapai kurang lebih 101.147,3 kilometer persegi, berarti wilayah Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau sesungguhnya lebih luas dari daratan Propinsi Riau yang berada di Pulau Sumatera. Luas daratan hanya 4,3% dari keseluruhan wilayah atau sekitar 4.063,85 kilometer persegi. Dengan demikian, Kepulauan Riau memiliki potensi kelautan yang dapat diandalkan (Gambar 1).
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
Gambar 1: Peta Lokasi Daerah Penyelidikan 1.4. Keadaan Lingkungan Iklim Pada urnumnya daerah Kepulauan Riau beriklim tropis, dengan rata-rata suhu udara berkisar antara 23 sampai 30 derajat Celcius. Kelembaban udara berkisar dari 84% sampai 88%. Secara umum seluruh daerah, akan mengalami musim hujan dari bulan Agustus sampai Januari dan musim kemarau dari Pebruari sampai Juni. Rata-rata curah hujan setiap tahunnya adalah 2.000 mm.
Penduduk Meskipun budaya Melayu lebih banyak mendominasi penduduk Kepri, akan tetapi populasinya secara budaya dan etnis cukup beragam yang datang dari seluruh Indonesia bahkan luar negeri. Jumlah penduduk pada akhir tahun 2000 adalah 181.166 jiwa. Dimana sebagian besar berada di Pulau Bintan dan sisanya
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
sebagai potensi yang dapat dimanfaatkan, maka sesungguhnya Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau memiliki Sumber Daya Manusia maupun potensi pasar yang cukup tinggi.
Laju pertumbuhan penduduk selama kurun waktu 1980 hingga 2000, pernah kencapai 2,93 persen per tahun, dan diperkirakan akan mengalami kenaikan pada tahun-tahun mendatang sebesar 3,1 persen per tahun. Hal ini mencerminkan, jika pengelolaan Sumber Daya Manusia di Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau dilakukan dengan tepat maka potensi Sumber Daya Manusia yang ada akan mencukupi kebutuhan tenaga kerja di masa-masa yang akan datang.
Administrasi Pemerintahan Guna mempermudah pelayanan terhadap masyarakat dan dunia usaha maka pada tahun 2001, wilayah administrasi pemerintahan Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau dimekarkan menjadi 5 kecamatan, yaitu : Kecamatan Bintan Timur, Bintan Utara, Gunung Kijang, Teluk Bintan, dan Teluk Sebong.
Tenaga Kerja Tenaga kerja baik terlatih yang biasa cukup banyak tersedia di Kepulauan Riau dan dapat ditambah dari wilayah Indonesia lainnya. Di akhir tahun 2000, terdapat 141.232 jiwa tenaga kerja yang terserap. Para tenaga kerja ini terus meningkat dan menjadi lebih terlatih dan telah berpengalaman bertahun-tahun. Kepulauan Riau memiliki tenaga kerja dengan ratio yang cukup baik. Dari jumlah penduduk318.56 jiwa, jumlah tenaga kerja adalah 130.308 jiwa. Secara rata-rata adalah setengah dari jumlah penduduk di Kepulauan Riau adalah para pekerja.
Penanaman Modal Aplikasi penanaman modal baik dari lokal maupun luar negeri diproses dengan suatu kebijakan di Kepulauan Riau dan hanya memerlukan waktu tidak lebih dari
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
And Promotion (BOCIAP) yang berkantor di Kantor Bupati Kepulauan Riau Tanjungpinang dengan prosedur yang baik.
Proses dalam pemanfaatan tenaga kerja asing dilalui dengan perpendekan prosedural yang selama ini ditangani di Pusat/Propinsi dan saat ini sudah dapat diproses di BPMPD dengan instansi terkait. Semua pembagian ini mencerminkan komitmen pemerintah Indonesia untuk secara penuh mendukung pembangunan Kepulauan Riau. Sektor swasta sangat didukung oleh pemerintah untuk mensukseskan pembangunan di daerah ini.
Kawasan Lindung dan Wisata Daerah Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau mempunyai kawasan wisata yang cukup luas diantaranya kawasan wisata Bintan Beach International Resort seluas 20.990 ha dan sepanjang pantai timur P. Bintan (Trikora) 3.098 ha, kawasan wisata ini merupakan penyumbang terbesar PAD Kabupaten KEPRI, serta kawasan lindung seluas 1.813,6 ha yang terbagi dalam 5 tempat (Tabel 1 dan Gambar 3), merupakan kawasan hutan yang berguna sebagai penyangga (penyimpan) air.
Tabel 1. Luas Kawasan Wisata Dan Lindung Di Daerah Kabupaten Kepulauan Kepulauan Riau NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
NAMA G. Bintan Kecil G. Bintan Besar G. Kijang G. Lengkuas G. Sejolong JUMLAH BINTAN BEACH INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL RESORT Pantai TRIKORA TRIKORA JUMLAH
LUAS (ha) 76,90 327,40 529,90 695,20 184,20 1.813,60
KETERANGAN Kawasan Lindung Kawasan Lindung Kawasan Lindung Kawasan Lindung Kawasan Lindung Kawasan Lindung
20.990,00 20.990,00 Kawasan Wisata 3.098,00 3.098,00 Kawasan Wisata 24.088,00 Kawasan Wisata
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
Gambar 2. Wilayah administrasi daerah KEPRI.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
2.
GEOLOGI UMUM
2.1. Stratigrafi
Geologi umum daerah Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau menurut Kusnama, dkk. (1994) dalam Peta Geologi Lembar Tanjungpinang skala 1 : 250.000 dapat dikelompokkan menurut jenis dan umur batuan dari tua ke muda sebagai berikut :
Granit Trias (TRg) berumur Trias, granit berwarna kelabu kemerahan sampai kehijauan, berbutir kasar, berkomposisi felspar, kuarsa, horblenda dan biotit, mineral umumnya bertekstur primer, membentuk suatu pluton batolit, yang tersingkap luas terutama di Pulau Batam dan Bintan.
Intrusi Andesit (Tma) berumur Miosen, berwarna kelabu, berkomposisi plagioklas, hornblenda dan biotit, bertekstur porfiritik dengan masa dasar mikro kristal felspar, agak terkekarkan umumnya segar, berumur Miosen Akhir.
Formasi Goungon (QTg) berumur Plio-Plistosen, berupa batupasir tufaan , keputih-putihan, berbutir halus menengah, laminasi sejajar, batulanau umum dijumpai, tuf andesitan dan tuf litik felspatik berwarna putih, halus, setempat berselingan dengan batupasir tuf, memperlihatkan struktur laminasi sejajar dan silang siur, tuf putih kemerahan dan batulanau kelabu agak karbonan mengandung sisa tanaman, berumur Pliosen.
Endapan termuda berupa aluvium (Qa) berumu Holosen, terdiri dari pasir merah kekuningan, dengan komposisi kuarsa, felspar, hornblenda dan biotit, merupakan hasil erosi dan lapukan granit.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
Secara tektonika daerah Lembar Tanjungpinang termasuk kedalam Lajur Karimata sebelah timur Lajur Timah (Katili, 1977).
2.3. Indikasi Bahan Galian
Bahan galian non logam yang terdapat di Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau terdiri dari : dasit, granit, pasir, lempung alumina, pasirkuarsa, kaolin dan felspar. Dasit dijumpai di daerah G. Kijang dan G. Lengkuas, berasosiasi dengan intrusi dasit yang berumur Miosen. Granit dijumpai di daerah Bukit Panglong, G. Bintan Kecil dan G. Bintan Besar, Ekang Anculai dan di daerah Malangrapat, berasosiasi dengan intrusi granit batolit berumur Trias.
Diharapkan setelah dilakukan penyelidikan berupa penyelidikan dan inventarisasi bahan galian dapat menambah data potensi bahan galian yang telah ditemukan dan melengkapi data mengenai sebaran, sumberdaya, kualitas, kegunaan dan produksi bahan galian yang terdapat di daerah ini sehingga potensi bahan galian tersebut dapat lebih dikembangkan pemanfaatannya baik untuk menambah pendapatan asli daerah maupun memperluas lapangan kerja.
Bahan galian yang mungkin dijumpai setelah dilakukan penyelidikan antara lain :
Felspar, kemungkinan dijumpai pada satuan batuan intrusi granit Trias, berupa endapan residual dan rombakannya pada dataran aluvialnya.
Granit, kemungkinan dijumpai pada satuan batuan intrusi granit Trias, berupa endapan residual dan rombakannya pada dataran aluvialnya.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
3.1. Penyelidikan Lapangan Kegiatan pelaksanaan Inventarisasi dan Penyelidikan bahan galian non logam di daerah Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau dikelompokkan menjadi dua bagian besar yakni pengumpulan data sekunder dan pengumpulan data primer. Metoda pengumpulan data sekunder dan primer yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan inventarisasi dan penyelidikan Bahan Galian Mineral Non Logam (SK PIMPRO No. 04/SK/PIEBGMI/2003, tanggal 24 Maret 2004) yang meliputi 7 (tujuh) tahapan yakni : 1. Kegiatan Persiapan Persiapan (Pengumpulan (Pengumpulan Data Sekunder) 2. Presentasi Rencana Rencana kerja kerja 3. Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Kegiatan Lapangan Lapangan (Pengumpulan Data Primer) 4. Laporan Pendahuluan Pendahuluan 5. Presentasi Hasil Hasil Kegiatan Kegiatan 6. Analisis Dan Dan Pengolahan Pengolahan Data Data 7. Penyusunan Laporan Laporan Akhir. Akhir.
3.1.1. Pengumpulan Data Sekunder Untuk mencapai hasil yang optimal dari kegiatan inventarisasi ini perlu ditentukan tahap dan metoda kegiatan yang terencana meliputi antara lain studi literatur, pengkajian data yang ada dengan keadaan di lapangan, pengambilan data potensi dan produksi bahan galian, pengkajian hasil laboratorium pada beberapa conto batuan yang mewakili serta pengkajian data sekunder lainnya yang dapat menunjang pelaksanaan evaluasi potensi bahan galian di daerah tersebut.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
Hasil studi literatur ini dapat diolah di studio sehingga dapat menghasilkan datadata tematik di daerah penyelidikan, baik berupa peta, gambar, grafik atau tabel. Hasil pengkajian studi literatur tersebut diperlukan untuk menyusun rencana yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan inventarisasi dilapangan dan evaluasi seluruh data, baik primer maupun sekunder.
3.1.2. Pengumpulan Data Primer Primer
Pengumpulan data primer dapat berupa hasil pengamatan dan observasi langsung di lapangan melalui kegiatan uji petik terhadap singkapan-singkapan bahan galian yang ditemukan disertai pengambilan conto bahan galian untuk keperluan analisis laboratorium, Disamping data utama yang berhubungan langsung dengan bahan galian, data lainnya yang juga perlu didapatkan selama berada di lapangan adalah data produksi bahan galian yang telah diusahakan, sarana dan prasarana, demografi, ekonomi, social budaya masyarakat setempat.
3.2.
Analisis Laboratorium
Merupakan semua kegiatan analisis, pengolahan dan pengkajian serta evaluasi untuk menunjang pekerjaan inventarisasi dan evaluasi bahan galian mineral yang antara lain meliputi :
Analisis Laboratorium Termasuk semua pekerjaan pengujian laboratorium terhadap contoh bahan galian
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
Bahan galian Lempung alumina dan pasir tersebar luas hampir di seluruh kawasan Kabupaten Kepuulauan Riau, sedangkan pasir kuarsa tersebar di sepanjang pantai Trikora, pasirkuarsa dianalisa untuk memperoleh gambaran umum komposisi pasirkuarsa di wilayah Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau, meskipun lokasi keterdapatan bahan galian tersebut telah menjadi daerah peruntukan wisata.
Tabel 4. Jumlah Conto yang di analisa dan Jenis analisanya.
No
Analisa
1
Butir
2
Keramik
3
Kimia Mayor
20
4
Kuat Tekan
2
5
Petrografi
6
Poles
4
7
XRD
5
Jumlah Seluruh Conto
Jumlah 10 2
10
53
Analisa butir dilakukan untuk mengetahui distribusi besar butir, bentuk butir dan gambaran umum mineral yang terkandung di dalamnya, pada conto tersebut.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
Tabel 5. Hasil Analisa Butir Hasil analisa No
No
Bahan
Conto
Galian
Lokasi
Distribusi Besar Butir (%) +2
-2+1
-
-
-
Lempun Lempung g Kons. Kons.
1+1/2 1/2+1/4 1/4+1/8
Dulang
1
Cly-02
L em p u ng
Bukit 69, Wacopek, Bintan Timur.
5 2 , 13
7 , 70
6,1 5
7 , 55
0 , 75
2 5 ,7 0
0
2
Cly--04 Cly
Lempun pung
Wacop acopek ek,, Bint Binta an Timur imur..
46,6 6,60 11,70 ,70
8,85
7,1 7,15
0,2 0,25
25,40
0,0 0,05
3
Cly-07
L em p u ng
Amatbarat, Gunung Lengkuas
4 1 , 45 2 4 , 45 1 6 , 1 0
9 , 50
0,3 0
8 , 20
0
4
Si-01
Pasirkuarsa Kp. Trikora, Malangrapat, Gunung
7 , 20 5 8 , 10
3 4 , 40
0 ,1 0
-
0,1
1 7 , 80 3 3 , 00 2 6 , 45
1 3 , 77
0 , 25
8 , 66
0 ,0 3
29,7 9,70 36, 36,00 17,9 7,90
6,7 6,70
0,3 0,33
9 , 36
0,01 0,01
9 , 00 3 1 , 00 1 8 , 3 0
1 3 , 80
1 , 65
2 6 ,2 5
0
2 4 , 25 1 9 , 90 1 6 , 40
1 4 , 75
0,8 0
2 3 , 75
0 , 05
0 , 10
Kijang 5
Snd-02
Pasir
Busung, Teluk Sasah, Bintan Utara
6
Snd Snd-03
Pasi asir
Galan alangb gbat atan ang, g, Gunun nung Kija Kijan ng
7
Snd-04
Pa Pasir
Galang Batang, Gunung Kijang
8
Snd-06
Pasir
Kampung Kantin, Tembeling, Teluk Bintan.
9
Snd-07
Pasir
Kampung Kantin, Tembeling,
69 , 8 0
5,15 5,
2 , 25 2,
4 , 85
0 ,4 0
1 7 , 45
0 , 10
7 2 , 70 1 2 , 1 5
5,25 5,2
4,95
0 , 50
4,4 5
0
Teluk Bintan. 10
Snd-08
Pa Pasir
P. Buton, Kelong, Bintan Timur.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
2. Keramik Analisa keramik dilakukan terhadap 2 buah conto, yakni : Ka 01 dan Ka 02 (Lampiran C) berupa bahan galian kaolin, yang berlokasi di daerah Busung, Desa Teluk Sasah, Kecamatan Bintan Utara, yang berlokasi di sekitar penggalian pasir. Lokasi Ka 02 terdapat di daerah Galangbatang, Desa Gunung Kijang, Kecamatan gunung Kijang, terdapat disekitar penggalian pasir dan sebagian merupakan dasar (bedrock) dari endapan pasir. Hasil analisa bakar keramik pada temperatur 1.2000 C, hasil bakar menunjukkan warna putih, porositas tinggi, kuat bakar rendah, dapat digunakan sebagai bahan refraktori (bata tahan api).
3. Kimia Mayor Conto yang di analisa sekitar 20 buah conto, terdiri dari 7 buah conto pasir, pasirkuarsa, kaolin dan feldspar masing-masing 1 buah conto dan lempung alumina 10 buah conto (Lampiran C). Hasil analisa pasir kandungan SiO2 berkisar antara 72,80 – 93,60 %. Pasirkuarsa kandungan SiO 2 = 97,58 %. Lempung alumina kandungan SiO2 = 10,25 – 36,39 %, Al2O3 = 26,63 – 50, 75 %. Feldspar kandungan SiO2 = 71,33 %, Al2O3 = 17,16 %, K2O = 3,90 %, Na 2O = 2,43 %.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
batuan dasit, sebagian granit juga merupakan dasit (Tabel 7, dan Lampiran C), dengan demikian terjadi perubahan symbol dan jenis komoditi (An menjadi Da, sebagian Gr menjadi Da, Tabel 8).
Dasit merupakan batuan beku yang komposisinya berada diantara riolit dan andesit, dengan kandungan kuarsa (SiO2) 63 – 69 %, berwarna abu-abu, secara megaskopis kenampakannya mirip andesit.
6. Poles Analisa poles dilakukan terhadap 4 buah conto granit, masing-masing Gr 05, Gr 06, Gr 07 dan Gr 08 (Lampiran C). •
Conto granit (Gr 05) berlokasi di daerah Bukit Panglong, Kelurahan Kijang Kota, Kecamatan Gunung Kijang, hasil poles cukup bagus dengan warna yang aktraktif binti-bintik merah pada warna dasar kehitaman, berbutir sedang, telah mengalami mineralisasi.
•
Conto granit (Gr 06) yang berlokasi di daerah Bukit Jurig, Desa Gunung Lengkuas, Kecamatan Bintan Timur, hasil poles cukup bagus warna dasar abu-
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
Tabel 6. Hasil Analisa XRD
No 1
No
Bahan
Conto
Galian
Cly 01
Lokasi
Lempung Wacopek, Bintan Timur.
Hasil analisa Gibbsite, Fourmarierite*), Nacrite, Clinoclase, Zekzerite, Rockbridgeite, Magnesium-Zippeite.
2
Cly 03
Lempung Bukit 72,
Illite, Chrysotile.
Wacopek, Bintan Timur. 3
4
Cly 09
Fl 01
Lempung P. Buton,
Felspar
Gibbsite, Fourmarierite Fourmarierite,, Nacrite,
Kelong, Bintan
orthobrannerite,, Lipscombite, orthobrannerite
Timur.
Wroewolfeite, Widennmanite Widennmanite..
Kampung K ampung
Kuarsa, albite, Haloysite, Anorthite, Mgriite,
Kantin,
Gismodine.
Tembeling, Teluk Bintan.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
Tabel 7. Hasil Analisa Petrografi
Komposisi (%) No Simbol Komoditi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
An 01 An 04 A n 05 Gr 01 Gr 02 Gr 05 Gr 06
Andesit Andesit Andesit Granit Granit Granit Granit
8
Gr 08
Granit
9 10
Gr 09 Gr 10
Granit Granit
Hasil Plagio Orto KSani Mikro Horn Kuarsa analisa klas klas Felspar din klin blende Riolit Granit Dasit Granit Granit Riolit Dasit Da Lava Dasit Dasit Dasit
40 25 34 25 14 50 40
13 18 9 12 12 10 8
4 52 21 55 68 3 12
38 30 34 31
37
12
3
30 30
35 32
11 15
3 9
38 28
3
4
1
Biotit Biotit
2 2
Klorit Klorit Gelas Gelas
Bijih Bijih
1
5
1
8 6 2
4
Ilit
7 13 12
17
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di P. Bintan
Tabel 8. Perubahan Nama Komoditi
No
Simbol
Komoditi
Simbol
Komoditi
1
An 01
Andesit
Gr 03
Riolit/Granit
2
3
4
An 04
An 05
Gr 01
Andesit
Andesit
Granit
Gr 07
Da 01
Gr 01
Granit
Dasit
Granit
Perubahan Nama Komoditi Lokasi No Simbol G. Bintan Besar, Bintan Buyu, 6 Gr 05 Teluk Bintan Kp. Sei Lekop, Gunung Lengkuas Bukit Piatu, Gunung Kijang
Bukit Lipan, Ekang Anculai, Teluk Sebong Kp Trikora IV,
7
Gr 06
Komoditi
Simbol
Komoditi
Granit
Gr 05
Riolit/Granit
Granit
Da 02
Dasit
8
Gr 08
Granit
Da 03
Dasit
9
Gr 09
Granit
Da 04
Dasit
Lokasi Bukit Panglong, Kelurahan Kijang Kota, Gunung Kijang Bukit Jurig, Gunung Lengkuas, Bintan Timur G. Lengkuas, Gunung Lengkuas, Bintan Timur G. Lengkuas, Gunung Lengkuas, Bintan Timur G. Lengkuas,
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di Pulau Bintan
Pada umumnya lempung alumina terdiri dari mineral gibbsite (mineral bauksit) dan kaolin serta mineral ikutan lainnya. Pada lokasi conto Cly 03, terdiri dari mineral illite dan mineral ikutannya chrysotile, merupakan bagian bawah (bedrock) dari bahan galian bauksite. Mineral illite adalah mineral lempung hasil ubahan dari mineral kaolinit yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku bodi keramik non putih (coklat atau merah).
Felspar (Fl 01) terdiri dari mineral kuarsa, albit (Na-plagioklas), anorthite (Caplagioklas), mineral ikutan haloysite (mineral lempung), gismodine dan mgriite.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di Pulau Bintan
3.3. Pengolahan Data Kegiatan ini termasuk semua pekerjaan pengidentifikasian, pengelompokkan dan pengujian data, baik data lapangan maupun data laboratorium serta perbandingan hasil analisis data dengan teori disiplin ilmu yang sesuai menggunakan konsep / metoda keilmuan yang baku, dengan tujuan memperoleh informasi atau kesimpulan atas pelaksanaan inventarisasi dan penyelidikan yang dilakukan. Dalam pengolahan data ini dilakukan beberapa kajian antara lain : Kajian
peta,
dilakukan
penelaahan
peta
baik
posisi
maupun
topografi,
berdasarkan peta dasar dan hasil survey lapangan yang diperoleh dari alat GPS, berupa posisi lokasi conto, singkapan dan sebaran bahan galian.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di Pulau Bintan
4. 4.1.
HASIL PENYELIDIKAN Geologi Daerah Penyelidikan
Morfologi Secara umum wilayah Kabupaten Kepulauan riau merupakan wilayah pedataran yang berasal dari intrusi pluton batolit granit yang berumur Trias. Secara rinci morfologi wilayah daerah penyelidikan terbagi dalam 2 satuan, satuan morfologi dataran rendah bergelombang dan satuan morfologi perbukitan (Gambar 4 dan 5).
Morfologi Dataran rendah Bergrlombang Satuan morfologi ini sangat dominan hampir menutup seluruh wilayah daerah
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di Pulau Bintan
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di Pulau Bintan
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di Pulau Bintan
Stratigrafi Satuan stratigrafi daerah Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau, tersusun dari muda ke tua sebagai berikut :
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di Pulau Bintan
malihan dan batupasir, terpilah buruk, tidak terkonsolidasi baik; endapan rawa; dan terumbu yang terangkat. Satuan ini yang berupa hasil endapan sungai dan pantai menutupi takselaras batuan yang lebih tua
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di Pulau Bintan
Ksp
FORMASI PANCUR : Serpih kemerahan dengan struktur pinsil, mengandung urat kuarsa tipis, ketebalan lapisan 2 m; sisipan batupasir kuarsa berlapis baik dan terpilah baik, laminasi sejajar dan konvolut, dengan tebal 2-10 cm; konglomerat abu-abu kemerahan
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Bahan Galian di Pulau Bintan
yang searah dan memotong foliasi; dan sekis, kelabu gelap yang terfoliasi kuat, sehingga sulit ditentukan mineral asalnya. Pelipatan “kink” dan “chevron” dijumpai. Diduga setara denga Sekis Mersing di Malaysia yang berumur Permo-Karbon. Tebal formasi sekitar 3000
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.
Trusted by over 1 million members
Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.