Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 2 Fxbifj ; 34& @bmtçrgeheagf 2 sfuh fxbifj ,phusgfurs qufstgejs' >4& Fumbryetfs / vgreheagf 0 fxbifjs ,2 meurs Fumbryetf / 2 ^N Sgreheagf' Hgvr Hg vrfs fs ; + Tlysgeheagf nf hb mfhhuhf `bmtçrgfjjf ” ujf bppremlf iehçmuhbgrf Jfgnlbrnt CM( Gjarblbi KH bjn ]mlbfmltfr ]mlbfmltfr I ,2776' IB]]EJ( Tbrgs + Igmre`geheagf Trfsmett H I( Lbrhfy KT( Ohfgj NB 0ìif fngtgej crbjábgsf Nf @efmo
Mlbpgtrf 2 ; Gjtrenumtgej Gjtrenumtgej** G* Trçbi`uhf* 2* Trçsfjtbtgej nf h‗fjsfgajfifjt*
Hf iejnf `bmtçrgfj fst fxtrëififjt vbstf ft vbrgç ; ngvfrsgtç* Mfs `bmtçrgfs sejt prçsfjtfs pbrteut sur teutf hb phbjìtf* Tlçjeiìjf n‗bnbptb`ghgtç nu iejnf `bmtçrgfj* Hfs `bmtçrgfs ejt çvehuç peur rçsgstfr bux ngvfrs typfs n‗fjvgrejjfifjts* 0* Nçcgjgtgejs* Igmre`geheagf ; + m‗fst hb smgfjmf qug çtungf hfs igmre`fs ,9 erabjgsif gjvgsg`hf ä h‗ŝgh ju( igmre`f 8 2ii'* Fxfiphfs nf igmre`fs ; `bmtçrgfs( brmlçfs( vgrus( fumbryetfs gjcçrgfurs( mlbipgajejs ujgmfhhuhbgrfs ,Cujag'( hfvurfs( pretgstfs* + Içtleneheagfs meiiujfs ; trbvbgh n‗gsehfifjt fj muhturf purf* GG* Lgstergquf* 2* Igsf fj çvgnfjmf* + Hfs prçmursfurs*
Humrf Humrfmf mf fj ” 64 ft Crbs Crbsmbt mbter ere e fj 264 264 sejt sejt hfs hfs prfi prfigfr gfrss ä bveg bvegrr çmrgt çmrgt qu‗g qu‗ghh fxgs fxgstf tf nfs nfs erabjgsifs gjvgsg`hfs ä h‗ŝgh ju* Ghs j‗ejt kbibgs rçussg ä hf nçiejtrfr* Bu 21ìif sgìmhf( h‗gjvfjtgej nu igmresmepf* 2306 ; ]tfhhutg( smgfjtgcgquf ngsmgphf nf Abhghçf( b nçvfheppç hfs hujfttfs bstrejeigqufs ft s‗fj fst sfrvg « ä h‗fjvfrs ¿ peur rfabrnfr h‗gjcgjgifjt pftgt* 2336 ; Pe`frt Leeof ; Bjahbgs pbssgejjç nf igmresmepgf( gh b h‗gnçf quf mf qu‗gh rfabrnf sejt nfs mfhhuhfs ft sejt nejm nfs erabjgsifs vgvbjts* Gh cbgt pbrtgf nf hb semgçtç reybhf nf Hejnrfs qug ä hb pbrtgmuhbrgtç n‗ëtrf hb 2ìrf semgçtç ä s‗ëtrf gjtçrfssçf ä hb igmre`geheagf* Gh vb hgrf ft rfmejjbêtrf hfs çmrgturfs n‗uj butrf smgfjtgcgquf ; Bjtejgf Sbj Hffwfjlefo*
2
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 2 Mfhug)mg( nçvfheppf sfs preprfs eutghs igmresmepgqufs* Gh e`sfrvf hfs 2 ìrfs `bmtçrgfs e`sfrvçfs pbr uj ëtrf luibgj ft fj cbgt nf trìs `ejs nfssgjs* Gh jeiif mfs erabjgsifs vgvbjts ; bjgibhmuhfs* Mfs trbvbux vejt pfrifttrf nf s‗gjtçrfssfr ä hb açjçrbtgej spejtbjçf* 0* Açjçrbtgej spejtbjçf*
Nfpugs hejatfips( ej pfjsf quf hb vgf prevgfjt nf hb ibtgìrf erabjgquf män nf açjçrbtgej spejtbjçf* 2364 ; Pfng prfjn = pets e÷ gh ift nf hb vgbjnf( e÷ gh nçpesf sur uj nf hb eubtf( sur h‗butrf nu pbpgfr( ft uj sbjs rgfj* ]ur mfhug ä h‗bgr hg`rf sf nçvfheppf nfs ieumlfs* Gh nçmeuvrf nfs ŝucs nf ieumlfs( gh ngt qu‗uj gjsfmtf fst vfju pejnrf mfs ŝucs* Mfttf nçmeuvfrtf ift uj tfrif ä h‗gnçf nf açjçrbtgej spejtbjçf* + Mejtrevfrsf*
Mfttf mejtrevfrsf sf cbgt fjtrf hfs pres ft hfs bjtgs açjçrbtgej spejtbjçf* 21>< ; Jffnlbj( gh cbgt `eughhgr uj hgqugnf pugs hf hbgssf pesfr ft gh sf rftreuvf mejtbigjç gh ngt quf m‗fst hb açjçrbtgej spejtbjçf* 21<4 ; ]pbhhfjzbjg( hug( cbgt hb iëif fxpçrgfjmf ibgs smfhhf hf pet mejtfjbjt hf hgqugnf ft rgfj jf sf nçvfheppf* Ej ngt quf hf cbgt nf smfhhfr( h‗btiesplìrf j‗fst pbs pessg`hf ä hb vgf* ]mlrenfr ft Nutml fux rfcejt h‗fxpçrgfjmf fj bçrbjt hf pet ft teukeurs pbs nf mejtbigjbtgej nejm pbs nf açjçrbtgej spejtbjçf* 27ìif ; Tbstfur 2<63 ; Cfhgx Teumlft* Tbstfur vfut preuvfr quf mfttf açjçrbtgej spejtbjçf j‗fxgstf pbs* Gh b h‗gnçf nf nçvfheppfr ujf fxpçrgfjmf aràmf nfs chbmejs ä `eh nf sgajf* Nbjs hf chbmej( gh cbgt `eughhgr hf hgqugnf ft gh bttfjn* Gh jf sf pbssf rgfj ft jf sejt teukeurs pbs mejtbigjç( peurtbjt ghs sejt ä h‗bgr hg`rf* M‗fst ä mbusf nf hb cerif nu tu`f( hfs peussgìrfs ftm jf pfuvfjt pfuvfjt pbs rfiejtfr hf tu`f* Gh ift nejm uj tfrif ä hb açjçrbtgej spejtbjçf fj nçiejtrbjt quf hb peussgìrf fst ä hb `bsf nf hb mejtbigjbtgej* 2<11 ; ^yjnbhh nçiejtrf çabhfifjt quf hb peussgìrf fst rfspejsb`hf nf hb mejtbigjbtgej* =* Pfhbtgej ibhbngf%igmreerabjgsifs*
Kusqu‗bu 2<ìif sgìmhf( ej çtbgt pfrsubnç quf hb ibhbngf prevfjbgt nfs igbsifs eu nfs > luifurs* 2<=6 ; @bssg trbvbghhf sur uj pbtleaìjf nu vfr ä ]egf* Gh ngssìquf hf Sfr ä segf ft e`sfrvf hb prçsfjmf n‗ujf iegsgssurf sur hfs Sfrs ibhbnf* Gh iejtrf qu‗uj igmreerabjgsif prevequf ujf ibhbngf* 2<>6 ; @frofhfy iejtrf qu‗uj mlbipgajej fst rfspejsb`hf n‗ujf ibhbngf* 2<13 2<13 ; Pe`f Pe`frt rt Oeml Oeml pu`h pu`hgf gf nfs nfs trbv trbvbu bux x sur sur hb ibhbn ibhbngf gf nu mlbr` mlbr`ej ej** Gh nçie nçiejt jtrf rf quf quf hf pbtleaìjf rfspejsb`hf nf mfttf ibhbngf fst ujf `bmtçrgf ; @bmghhus Bjtlrbmgs* Gh nçiejtrf çabhf çabhfif ifjt jt quf quf hb `bmt `bmtçrg çrgff gsehçf gsehçf ft purgc purgcgç gçff gjtre gjtrenu nugt gtff nbjs nbjs uj bjgi bjgibh bh jej jej ibhbn ibhbnff fst 0
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 2 rfspejsb`hf nf sb ibhbngf* Gh rfáegt hf prgx Je`fh fj 2746 peur Iyme`bmtfrgui ^u`frmehgs( h‗bafjt rfspejsb`hf nf hb ^u`frmuhesf* Hf pestuhbt nf Pe`frt Pe`fr t Oeml ; 2* Hf igmre)erabjgsif negt ëtrf prçsfjt nbjs mlbquf mbs nf ibhbngf ibgs pbs nbjs hfs erabjgsifs sbgjs* 0* Hf igmre)erabjgsif negt peuvegr ëtrf gsehç ft muhtgvç fj muhturf purf* =* Hb ibhbngf negt sf nçvfheppfr hersquf hf igmre)erabjgsif fst gjemuhç ä uj erabjgsif sbgj* >* Mf iëif igmre)erabjgsif negt fjmerf peuvegr ëtrf gsehç ä pbrtgr nf mft butrf ibhbnf* + Hfs gjvfjtgejs tfmljgqufs*
Meiifjt gsehfr nfs erabjgsifs fj muhturf purf 5 Hfs `bmtçrgfs( fj muhturf sehgnf( cejt nfs mehejgfs* Oeml fst hf prfigfr ä cbgrf nfs fssbgs nf muhturf sehgnf* Gh cbgt nfs fssbgs sur hb peiif nf tfrrf* Gh nçpesf nfs bafjts sur ujf peiif nf tfrrf mugtf ibgs hf rçsuhtbt j‗fst pbs tfrrg`hf* Gh ift bhers nf hb açhbtgjf sur hb peiif nf tfrrf ibgs fhhf cejn ä 0<´M* Vjf nf sfs mehhb`erbtrgmfs ä h‗gnçf nf ifttrf nf h‗Babr)Babr qug cejn ä 34´M( gh afh fj rfcregngssbjt* Gh pfut nejm açhgcgfr* Pgmlbrn Tftrg fst hf prfigfr ä açhgcgfr nfs erabjgsifs bcgj nf cbgrf sf nçvfheppfr nfs mehejgfs* Gh gjvfjtf hb `egtf nf Tftrg* GGG* Hfs neibgjfs nf hb Igmre`geheagf* 2* H‗gjnustrgf ; Tbstf Tbstfur* ur*
Hb prenumtgej n‗çtlbjeh pbr hb hfvurf* 2<63 ; @gae( Hghhegs( fst uj spçmgbhgstf nf hb prenumtgej n‗çtlbjeh pbr hb hfvurf* ]mlwbjj nçiejtrf qu‗gh y b nf hb hfvurf nbjs hb içhbssf ibgs mf j‗fst pbs fjmerf tetbhfifjt sÿr* Tbstfur bjbhysf hb cfrifjtbtgej ,hb `gìrf' ft nçmeuvrf ujf hfvurf ; ]bmmlbreiymfs mfrfvgsgbf* M‗fst mfttf hfvurf qug cbgt nf h‗çtlbjeh* ]g h‗çtlbjeh nçmregt m‗fst qu‗gh y b nfs `bmtçrgfs hbmtgqufs* Hb cfrifjtbtgej hbmtgquf prenugt nu Hbmtbtf qug bmgngcgf hb muhturf* Hf sbmmlbresf fst mbpb`hf nf prenugrf nf h‗çtlbjeh ft nf h‗bmgnf* Fccft Tbstfur ; Teur hb prenumtgej prenumtgej n‗çtlbjeh n‗çtlbjeh ä pbrtgr nf sbmmlbresf( sg ej bìrf `gfj hf systìif( systìif( hb prenumtgej prenumtgej n‗çtlbjeh ngigjuf ft hb mejseiibtgej nf sbmmlbresf ngigjuf* 0* H‗bar H‗barebhgi ebhgifjtbg fjtbgrf rf ; Hgstf Hgstfr* r*
Gh çtungf hf ybeurt ft nçmeuvrf ujf nfs `bmtçrgfs rfspejsb`hf nf mf ybeurt ; Hbmte`bmghhus `uhabrgus* Hfs 0 `bmtçr `bmtçrgfs gfs rfspejs rfspejsb`h b`hfs fs nu ybeurt ybeurt sejt sejt ; Hbmte` Hbmte`bmgh bmghhus hus `uhabr `uhabrgus gus ft ]trfpt ]trfpteme ememmu mmuss tlfrieplghus* =
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 2
=* Hfs butrfs bpperts nf hb igmre`geheagf*
Chfigja b nçmeuvfrt quf hb Tçjgmghhgjf fst uj bjtg`bmtçrgfj pugssbjt ft qu‗fhhf pfut ëtrf bnigjgstrçf ä nfs ibhbnfs peur hfs segajfr* Iuhhgs b nçmeuvfrt hb TMP* BNJ pehyiçrbsf ; ^bq ,9 ^lfrius bqubtgmus'* >* Hfs ngccçrfjts neibgjfs*
+ Hb igmre`geheagf içngmbhf ,mhgjgquf'* + Igmre`geheagf gjnustrgfhhf ft barebhgifjtbgrf* Cb`rgmbtgej nf igmre)erabjgsifs* Vtghgsbtgej nf stbrtfr* Igsf bu pegjt nf seumlfs* Fx ; hf `geçtlbjeh( `gephbstgqufs ,TLB9 phbstgqufs lypebhhfraçjgqufs'* + Igmre`geheagf cejnbifjtbhf* Fx ; utghgsbtgej utghgsbtgej nfs `bmtçrgfs `bmtçrgfs psymlrep psymlreplghf lghf ; eptgiui nf mregssbjmf mregssbjmf ä tfipçrbturf tfipçrbturf trìs `bssf* Tfrift nf rfspfmtfr ujf mlbgjf nf cregn nbjs h‗barebhgifjtbgrf* Hfssgvf ; pfrift nf hbvfr ä cregn*
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Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 0
Mlbpgtrf 0 ; Hb mfhhuhf `bmtçrgfjjf* Vjf mfhhuhf fumbryetf b ujf tbghhf vbrgb`hf ~244 ¶i nf ngbiìtrf* @bmtçrgf ~ 2 ä = ¶i nf ngbiìtrf* G* Hfs strumturfs e`hgabtegrfs* 2* H‗fjvfheppf* b* H‗fjvfheppf mfhhuhbgrf*
Fhhf fst meipesçf n‗uj mytephbsif nçhgigtç pbr ujf ifi`rbjf mfhhuhbgrf* Mfttf ifi`rbjf mfhhuh mfhhuhbgrf bgrf fst meipes meipesçf çf n‗ujf n‗ujf `gmeum `gmeumlf lf nf plespl plesplehg ehgpgn pgnfs fs mf qug pfrift nf nçcgjg nçcgjgrr hb strumturbtgej sugvbjtf ; 0 tëtfs bpehbgrfs qug sf cejt cbmf ,lynreple`f' ft ä h‗eppesç 0 tëtfs pehbgrfs* Bu trbvfrs nf mfttf `gmeumlf( mf j‗fst pbs rgagnf mbr ej y treuvf nfs pretçgjfs fjmlàssçfs eu bjmrçfs jetgej nf iesbåquf chugnf ,pfrift hf nçphbmfifjt nfs pretçgjfs'* Ej treuvf fxmhusgvfifjt nfs plesplehgpgnfs nbjs mfttf ifi`rbjf ,pbs nf mlehfstçreh…'* Cejmt Cej mtgej gej ; ) `brrgìr `brrgìrff plysgq plysgquf uf qug meipbr meipbrtgi tgifjtf fjtf hb mfhhuh mfhhuhf( f( pfrift pfrift ujf ngccusg ngccusgej ej sçhfmtg sçhfmtgvf vf ,pfriçb`ghgtç sçhfmtgvf' ) hgigtf plysgquf nf hb mfhhuhf ) trbjspert ,chux içtb`ehgqufs' Meherbt Mehe rbtgej gej Arbi Arb i ; Trgjmgpf ; rçsgstbjmf nfs Arbi pesgtgvfs ä hb nçmeherbtgej pbr h‗bhmeeh* Tretemehf ; ) meherbtgej bu vgehft Mrystbh ,/ cgxbtgej bu huaeh' nu mytephbsif nfs Arbi pesgtgvf ft Arbi jçabtgvf ) nçmeherbtgej meurtf ft `rutbhf h‗çpbgssf pbreg nf pfptgneahymbjf… ,vegr ^N0' ^eutfs hfs `bmtçrgfs su`gssfjt mfttf meherbtgej nf Arbi peur sbvegr sg fhhfs sejt Arbi / eu Arbi)* Hfs Arbi jçabtgcs ; ,]f nçmeherf / vgtf' Mlfz mfs Arbi)( ej b vu h‗fxgstfjmf n‗ujf 0 ìif ifi`rbjf ; hb ifi`rbjf fxtfrjf* Meipesçf n‗ujf `gmeumlf plesplehgpgngquf ibgs uj pfu pbrtgmuhgìrf ; ) cfughhft fxtfrjf meipesç nu HT] 9 hgpepehysbmmlbrgnf ) cfughhft gjtfrjf ; plesplehgpgnf ,jeribh' Hb HT] fst ujf iehçmuhf `gpehbgrf* Hb HT] fst meipesçf nf ; ) Hb crbmtgej hgpgngquf 9 vb mejstgtufr hf cfughhft fxtfrjf nf hb ifi`rbjf fxtfrjf* ) Hb crbmtgej ehgaesbmmlbrgngquf* ) Segr smlçib `bmtçrgf Arbi 2
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 0 Iehçmuhf fxtrëififjt rçbmtgvf ft uj rþhf trìs giiujebmtgc* 555 Gh y b `fbumeup nf pergjfs nbjs hb ifi`rbjf fxtfrjf* Terg Tergjf jf ; perf perf n‗fj n‗fjtr trçf çf nf hb iehç iehçmuh muhf( f( cbmgh cbmghgt gtff hfs çmlb çmlbja jafs fs fjtrf fjtrf h‗fsp h‗fspbmf bmf fjtr fjtrff hfs 0 ifi`rbjfs ft h‗gjtçrgfur nf hb `bmtçrgf* Mfttf pergjf fst ujf pretçgjf* Tçrgphbsif ; ) zejf fjtrf hb ifi`rbjf fxtfrjf ft hb ifi`rbjf mfhhuhbgrf ) ]B] n‗fjtrçf ) [ejf nf mejmfjtrbtgej ft n‗fjzyif ngvfrs fjtrf h‗gjtçrgfur ft h‗fxtçrgfur nf hb `bmtçrgf* Nbjs mf pçrgphbsif( ej treuvf hf pfptgneahymbjf 9 pehyiìrf mejstgtuç n‗esbigjfs / pfptgjfs* Mf pfptgneahymbjf fst uj fxesqufhfttf ; ) strumturf qug pfrift ä hb `bmtçrgf n‗bvegr ujf mfrtbgjf rgagngtç* ) strumturf pretfmtrgmf nf hb mfhhuhf* ]g ej ift nf h‗fbu nbjs hb mfhhuhf( h‗fbu fjtrf ä h‗gjtçrgfur ft h‗fjvfheppf mfhhuhbgrf vb vfjgr sf mehhfr bu pfptgneahymbjf mf qug fipëmlf hf aejchfifjt ft hb hysf nf hb mfhhuhf* Hb hgpepretçgjf nf @rbui ; ) sf treuvf fjtrf hf pfptgneahymbjf ft hb ifi`rbjf fxtfrjf ) uj pbrtgf nf mfttf pretçgjf pfrift uj fjmrbaf ) 2%= nf mfs pretçgjfs sejt hgçfs bu pfptgneahymbjf Hfs `bmtçrgfs `bmtçrgf s ä Arbi pesgtgc ; ,]f nçmeherf iegjs vgtf' Gh j‗y b pbs nf 0 ìif i` mejtrbgrfifjt bu Arbi)" Hf pfptgneahymbjf j‗fst pbs cgj( m‗fst ujf vçrgtb`hf mreutf ä h‗fxtçrgfur nf hb ifi`rbjf mfhhuhbgrf* Mf pfptgneahymbjf bssurf ujf rgagngtç* Ej treuvf nfs H^B 9 bmgnf hgpetçgmlegquf ft ^B 9 bmgnf tçgmlegquf* Mfs H^B jf sejt pbs uj mejstgtubjt ibkfur* ) fjmrbaf nbjs hb ifi`rbjf mfhhuhbgrf ) mlbraçfs iegjs ^B ; bjmrç nf cbáej mevbhfjtf bu pfptgneahymbjf* 0* Hf mytephbsif*
Nbjs Nbjs hf myte myteph phbsi bsiff n‗uj n‗ujff `bmt `bmtçrg çrgf( f( ej jf treuv treuvff pbs pbs n‗er n‗erab abjg jgtf tfss mfhhu mfhhuhbg hbgrfs rfs ,pbs ,pbs nf igtemlejnrgfs( n‗bppbrfgh nf Aehag…'* + Jumhçetgnf( mlreieseif ft rçphgmbtgej* Hfs `bmtçrgfs ; 0
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 0 ) jf pessìnfjt qu‗uj mlreieseif bppfhç ; mlreiejìif* ) sejt nejm lbpheånfs ) j‗ejt pbs nf jeybu( h‗BNJ fst ngccus nbjs hb mfhhuhf `bmtçrgfjjf ) h‗BNJ ngccus fj pfribjfjmf bu mejtbmt nfs rg`eseifs ) nejm pbs nf meipbrtgifjtbtgej nfs bmtgvgtçs açjçtgqufs ; trbjsmrgptgej ft trbnumtgej sejt sgiuhtbjçfs ) hb rçphgmbtgej sf cbgt ngrfmtfifjt nbjs uj mlreieseif( pbs nf cbgsmfbu nf ngvgsgej( nf igmretu`uhfs… ) pbs n‗gjtrejs ; h‗gjtçarbhgtç nu açjeif fst menbjtf( uj aìjf nejjf ujf pretçgjf ) rg`eseif ; içhbjaf nf pretçgjfs / BPJ mlreieseigquf* Hf rg`eseif b uj mefccgmgfjt nf sçngifjtbtgej nf ; ) mlfz hfs fumbryetfs ; <4] 34] / >4] ) mlfz hfs `bmtçrgfs ; 14] 64] / =4] GG* Hfs strumturfs cbmuhtbtgvfs* 2* Hfs strumturfs fxtfrjfs* b* Hb meumlf ]*
) strumturf sf treuvbjt ä h‗fxtçrgfur nf h‗fjvfheppf `bmtçrgfjjf* ) sf treuvf mlfz Arbi) ft Arbi/ ) pehyiìrf açjçrbhfifjt pretçgquf ,ft pbrcegs ahymepretçgqufs' ) cerif buteur nf hb mfhhuhf `bmtçrgfjjf ujf vçrgtb`hf mugrbssf ,mettf nf ibghhf' ) rþhf nf pretfmtgej ibgs qug jf hgigtf pbs meiphìtfifjt meiphìtfifjt hb ngccusgej iehçmuhbgrf `* Hb mbpsuhf eu Fxepehysbmmlbrgnfs ,9FT]'*
) pehyiìrf ibkergtbgrfifjt pehysbmmlbrgngquf ) sf treuvf ä h‗fxtçrgfur nf hb mfhhuhf `bmtçrgfjjf* ) j‗fst pbs trìs `gfj erabjgsç ) rþhf ; rçtfjtgej n‗fbu 9 mbpbmgtç nf rftfjgr h‗fbu fj sf aerafbjt n‗fbu ) rçsgstbjmf bux plbafs ) mbieuchbaf Ngccçrfjmf fjtrf mbpsuhf ft Fxepehysbmmlbrgnfs ; ) hb mbpsuhf fst hgçf nf cbáej mevbhfjtf ä hb mfhhuhf `bmtçrgfjjf* ) h‗FT] fst hgç nf cbáej gejgquf ä hb mfhhuhfs `bmtçrgfjjf* m* Hfs cgi`rgbf ,eu pghg'
) strumturf cghbifjtfusf sf treuvbjt ä h‗fxtçrgfur nf hb mfhhuhf `bmtçrgfjjf ; nejjf ujf mfrtbgjf pghesgtç ä hb `bmtçrgf ) pehyiìrf pretçgquf cghbifjtfux ) pghgjf ; pretçgjf nf pftgt pegns iehçmuhbgrf( ejt ujf bssemgbtgej cghbifjtfusf bvfm hb mfhhuhf ) sf treuvf mlfz Arbi/ ft Arbi) ) pesgtgej 0 pessg`ghgtçs ; =
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 0 ) sgiphfifjt bssemgç ä hb ifi`rbjf fxtfrjf nf hb mfhhuhf `bmtçrgfjjf ) bjmrç ä hb ifi`rbjf mfhhuhbgrf ft trbvfrsf hb ifi`rbjf fxtfrjf 9 bjmrbaf uslfr ) sejt rgagnfs typf G eu seuphfs 9 murhg ) rþhf n‗bnlçsgej ,ä nfs mfhhuhfs( ä hb ibtrgmf fxtrbmfhhuhbgrf( suppert b`getgqufs( barçabtgej' Segr smlçib cgi`rgbf ) peur qu‗uj iàhf C/ rfjmejtrf ujf cfifhhf C)( sf cerif uj pghg)sfxufh n* Hfs chbafhhfs*
) Chbafhhf 9 bjtgaìjf L ) ietghgtç 9 aràmf bu chbafhhf( hfs `bmtçrgfs sejt mbpb`hfs nf sf ieuvegr ) pehyiìrf cghbifjtfux ,`fbumeup / ares qu‗uj pghg' n‗ujf s eus ujgtç pretçgquf 9 hb chbafhhgjf ,bafjmfifjt lçhgmeånbhf' ) mbpb`hf nf sf ngrgafr vfrs qufhquf mlesf eu nf cugr 0* Hfs ]trumturfs gjtfrjfs* b* Hfs phbsignfs*
Vj phbsignf fst uj crbaifjt n‗BNJ açjçrbhfifjt mgrmuhbgrf ä rçphgmbtgej butejeif* Hb `bmtçrgf pfut nejm ienuhfr sb qubjtgtç nf phbsignf fj cejmtgej nu `fsegj* ^rbjscfrt nf aìjfs nf vgruhfjmf( nf aìjf nf rçsgstbjmf bjtg`getgquf* GGG* Ngccçrfjmfs bvfm hfs Fumbryetfs ft hfs Brmlçfs* 2* Hfs Fumbryetfs*
Hfs fumbryetfs pessìnfjt `fbumeup n‗erabjgtfs tfhs quf hfs igtemlejnrgfs qug pfrifttfjt nf rfspgrfr … Hfs `bmtçrgfs( fhhfs( j‗ejt bumuj erabjgsif* ^eut hf ibtçrgfh jçmfssbgrf ä hfur vgf sf treuvf nbjs hb ifi`rbjf mfhhuhbgrf* 0* Hfs Brmlçfs*
Qefsf b cbgt ujf mhbssgcgmbtgej ft b nçiejtrç quf hfs brmlçfs jf sejt pbs nfs `bmtçrgfs* Brmlçfs lypfrtlfrieplghf pessìnf ujf strumturf ; ) çtlfr hgpgnf qug pfrift nf rçsgstfr ä ujf lbutf tfipçrbturf
>
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf =
Mlbpgtrf = ; Gjchufjmf nf h‗fjvgrejjfifjt* G* Hb ierpleheagf nfs `bmtçrgfs* ,peur hb muhturf açjçrbhf( pbs ä sbvegr' 2* Hb tbghhf* Ieyfjjf ahe`bhf nf 2 ä =¶i ; ) hb phus pftgtf ; Iymephbsib pjfuiejbf cbgt 4(= ¶i nf ngbiìtrf* Fhhf fst tfhhfifjt pftgtf ft nçcerib`hf qu‗fhhf pbssf ä trbvfrs nu cghtrf b`sehu pesf nfs pre`hìifs* ) hb phus arbjnf ; ^lgeibrabrgtb jbig`gfjsgs cbgt >44 ¶i nf ngbiìtrf* Fhhf fst vgsg`hf ä h‗ŝgh ju*
0* Cerifs mfhhuhbgrfs* 0 cerifs ; ) hfs `bmtçrgfs rejnfs ; hfs mequfs ) hfs `bmtçrgfs / bhhejaçfs ; hfs @bmghhfs
+ Hfs mequfs* ]‗ghs sejt gsehçs 9 ]‗ghs sejt pbr 0 9 ngphemequfs* Fx ; Jfgssfrgb aejerlefbf* ^çtrbmequfs ; fx ; Nfgjememmus rbngenurbjs ,rfsgstbjtf ä nf certfs rbngbtgejs' ]trfptemequfs ; @ mequf fj mlbêjfttf ]tbplyhemequfs ; burfus 9 `bmtçrgf nf hb pfbu fj bibs( fj arbppf + Hfs `bmghhfs ,`àtejjfts'* Cerif phutþt bhhejaçf* Gsehçfs eu pbr 0 ; Fx ; mhestrgngui tftbjg eu mhestrgngui `etuhgjui Fj mlbêjfttf ; Fx @bmghhus fjtlrbmgs eu @bmghhus tlurgjagfjsgs ,mrystbh' Sgrauhf eu gjmurvçs ; Fx Sg`rge mlehfrbf @gcgnfs ; `gcgne`bmtçrgui hejaui ]trumturf igmfhhbgrfs ; ]trfpteiymfs argsfus ; `bmtçrgfs fxtrëififjt gipertbjtfs mbr fhhfs cejt pbrtgfs nf h‗luius rþhf rþhf nbjs nbjs hf rfmym rfmymhba hbaff nf hb IE* IE* Fhhf Fhhfss ejt ejt nÿ nçvf nçvfhe hepp ppfr fr nfs nfs bjtg`getgqufs peur mei`bttrf n‗butrfs `bmtçrgfs* Fhhfs pfrifttfjt nf cb`rgqufr hb Tçjgmghhgjf* + Hfs spgrbhçfs* Gh fxgstf 0 typfs nf spgrbhçfs ; ) Hfs spgrghhfs qug sejt rgagnfs* ) Hfs spgremlìtfs qug sejt seuphfs* Fx ; ^rfpejfib pfhhgnui ; `bmtçrgf rfspejsb`hf nf hb ]yplghgs*
2
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf =
+ @eurafej( Tçnejmuhçfs* Mgrmuhe`bmtfr Mrfsmfjsus ; `bmtçrgf pçnejmuhçf( 0 cerifs nf vgf ; ujf bttbmlçf ä uj suppert ,aràmf quf pçnejmuhf'* Hersquf hb `bmtçrgf sf ngvgsf( fhhf hf cbgt teukeurs fj çtbjt bttbmlç ä uj suppert* + Mbrrç* Lbhequbnrbtui Qbhs`y ; m‗fst ujf brmlçf* Brmlçf gjtçrfssbjtf mbr fhhf fst mbrrçf* + Thçeierplfs* @gcgne`bmtfrui `gcgnui* @bmtçrgf qug prçsfjtf ujf cerif `gcgnf eu `bmghhf eu igmghhf sfhej h‗fjvgrejjfifjt* =* Hfs cerifs mehejgbhfs* Hb ngccçrfjmf nf strumturf nçpfjn nf hb cbáej nf sf nçvfheppfr fj mehejgf pbr rbppert bu suppert( bu su`strbt* Hfs mehejgfs pfuvfjt bvegr nfs bspfmts trìs ngccçrfjts* H‗bspfmt trgngifjsgejjfh nf hb `bmtçrgf pbrtgmgpf ä mfs vbrgbtgejs nf cerifs mehejgbhfs*
GG* Hfs pbrbiìtrfs plysgmemlgigqufs* Mfs ngccçrfjts pbrbiìtrfs vejt prenugrf nfs mejngtgejs eptgibhfs nf mregssbjmf eu jej peur uj igmre)erabjgsif* Nbjs hfs mejngtgejs eptgibhfs nf mregssbjmf( hb vgtfssf nfs ngvgsgejs fst ibxgibhf* Nbjs hfs mejngtgejs igjgibhfs ft ibxgibhfs nf mregssbjmf( gh j‗y b pbs nf ngvgsgej*
2* Hb tfipçrbturf* Hfs `bmtçrgfs sejt sfuhs eu gsehçfs( fhhfs sejt gjnçpfjnbjtf nfs mejngtgejs fjvgrejjfifjtbhfs peur hfur mregssbjmf* Vjf buaifjtbtgej nf 24´M nf hb tfipçrbturf iuhtgphgf pbr 0 hb vgtfssf nf ngvgsgej nfs `bmtçrgfs* Vjf tfipçrbturf trep çhfvçf iìjf rbpgnfifjt ä hb iert mfhhuhbgrf* Segr smlçib 2* ^eus hfs erabjgsifs ejt / eu ” =4´M buteur nf hb tfipçrbturf eptgibhf* Hfs `bmtçrgfs qug ejt ujf ceurmlfttf phus cbg`hfs sejt bppfhçfs ]tfjetlfrif* Fx ; J aejerlefbf qug ujf ceurmlfttf nf _=4´M ” =<´MY* Fhhf fst e`hgabtegrfifjt pbtleaìjf* pbtleaìjf* Bu mejtrbgrf( uj erabjgsif Furytlfrif fst mbpb`hf nf sf ngvgsfr sur ujf hbraf ceurmlfttf nf tfipçrbturf* Fx ; Fjtfrememmus cbfmbhgs qug b ujf ceurmlfttf nf _4´M ) >>´MY Gh fxgstf 6 arbjns areupfs ; ) Hfs Tsymlreplghfs* 0
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf = ) Hfs Tsymlretreplfs* ) Hfs Içseplghfs* ) Hfs ^lfrieplghfs* ) Hfs Lypfrtlfrieplghfs*
+ Hfs psymlreplghf psymlre plghfss ; ^´ Eptgibhf ; 26´M ^´ Igjgibhf ; )6´M ^´ Ibxgibhf ; 04´M Fhhfs sejt mbpb`hfs nf abrnfr ujf bmtgvgtç nbjs nfs ighgfux mrgstbhhgjs* Hb ifi`rbjf fst mejstgtuçf n‗bmgnfs arbs pehygjsbturçfs seuphfssf* Mf sejt nfs `bmtçrgfs fssfjtgfhhfifjt ibrgjfs* + Hfs Tsymlretreplfs* Fhhfs prçcìrfjt sf iuhtgphgfr ä cbg`hf tfipçrbturf* ^´ Eptgibhf 9 06´M ^´ Igjgibhf 9 E´M ^´ Ibxgibhf 9 =6´M ^fipçrbturf eptgibhf phutþt çhfvçf* Ej y treuvf `fbumeup nf `bmtçrgfs hgçfs ä hb mlbêjf nu cregn mbr iëif ä cbg`hf tfipçrbturf( fhhfs abrnfjt ujf vgtfssf nf ngvgsgej phutþt rbpgnf* Fx ; Hgstfrgb iejemyteafjfs* + Hfs Içsep Içseplghfs lghfs ; ^´ Eptgibhf Eptgibhf 9 =6 ) =1´M ^´ igjgibhf 9 26´M ^´ Ibxgibhf 9 >6´M Ej y treuvf teus hfs pbtleaìjfs nfs bjgibux ä sbja mlbun* Hfur eptgiui nf tfipçrbturf sf treuvf fjvgrej ä hb tfipçrbturf nu merps luibgj* Hb peussçf nf cgìvrf hgigtf hb prehgcçrbtgej nf mfs `bmmtçrgfs* + Hfs ^lfrieplghfs ^lfriep lghfs ; ^´ Eptgibhf 9 36´M ^´ Igjgibhf 9 >6´M ^´ Ibxgibhf 9 <4´M Ej hfs treuvf treuvf nbjs nbjs hfs fjvgre fjvgrejjf jjfifj ifjts ts fxtrëi fxtrëifs fs mlbuns mlbuns** Fhhfs Fhhfs prçsfj prçsfjtfj tfjtt uj pre`hìi pre`hìiff çmejeigquf gipertbjt gipertbjt mbr sf treuvfjt nbjs teutfs hfs seurmfs n‗fbu mlbunf* Fhhfs keufjt uj rþhf nbjs hf meipest* Ej y treuvf nfs pretçgjfs mlbpfrejjfs fj phus arbjn jei`rf* Fhhfs sfrvfjt ä h‗fjzyif nf abrnfr ujf bmtgvgtç nbjs uj fjvgrejjfifjt gjstb`hf* Hfs hgpgnf hgpgnfss sejt sejt ibkerg ibkergtbgr tbgrfif fifjt jt sbturçs sbturçs nejj nejjff ujf ujf rgag rgagng ngtç tç phus phus gipe gipertb rtbjt jtfs fs bux bux ifi`rbjfs* + Hfs Lypfrtlfrieplghfs* ^´ Eptgibhf 9 76´M ^´ Igjgibhf 9 36´M =
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf = ^´ Ibxgibhf 9 246´M Fhhfs vgvfjt nbjs nfs seurmfs n‗fbu fxtrëififjt mlbunfs* Fhhfs sejt premlfs eu nbjs hfs vehmbjs* B 74& fhhfs jf sejt pbs nfs `bmtçrgfs ibgs nfs brmlçfs* Hb prçsfjmf n‗çtlfr hgpgnf pfrift nf abrnfr ujf arbjnf melçsgej ä hb ifi`rbjf*
0* Hb prfssgej* H‗fjvgrejjfifjt qug jeus fjteurf fst nf h‗ernrf nf 2 bti* Hb prfssgej buaifjtf bvfm hb precejnfur* Hb hgigtf nf hb prfssgej bqubtgquf fst nf 064 bti* Ej y b treuvç nfs `bmtçrgfs mbpb`hfs nf rçsgstfr ä ujf tfhhf prfssgej* Ej hfs bppfhhf hfs @breplghfs* Vjf buaifjtbtgej nf hb tfipçrbturf nf h‗fbu( buaifjtf çabhfifjt hb prfssgej*
=* H‗exyaìjf* Hfs sfuhs erabjgsifs tfrrfstrfs mbpb`hfs nf vgvrf sbjs exyaìjf sejt hfs `bmtçrgfs* Ej ngstgjauf 6 typfs rfspgrbtegrfs ; ) Hfs bçre`gfs strgmts* ) Hfs bjbçre`gfs cbmuhtbtgcs* ) Hfs bjbçre`gfs bçretehçrbjtfs* ) Hfs bjbçre`gfs strgmts* ) Hfs igmrebçreplghfs*
+ Hfs bçre`gfs strgmts* H‗E0 fst jçmfssbgrf ä hfur vgf mbr h‗E0 fst h‗bmmfp h‗bmmfptfu tfurr cgjbh cgjbh n‗çhfmt n‗çhfmtrej rejss qug mejnugt mejnugt ä hb ceribtgej n‗fbu* + Hfs bjbçre`gfs cbmuhtbtgcs* Fhhfs pfuvfjt utghgsfr h‗E0 ibgs j‗fj ejt pbs jçmfssbgrfifjt `fsegj* ]g h‗E0 fst prçsfjt( fhhfs s‗fj sfrvfjt meiif bmmfptfur cgjbh n‗çhfmtrejs* Fhhfs ejt bhers ujf mregssbjmf / rbpgnf* ]gjej fhhfs utghgsfjt hf ]E >0) eu JE=)* Mfrtbgjfs sejt mbpb`hfs nf cbgrf nf hb rfspgrbtgej bjbçre`gf* Hb ibkergtç fst mbpb`hf nf cbgrf hb cfrifjtbtgej* + Hfs bjbçre`gfs bçretehçrbjtfs* Fhhfs j‗utghgsfjt kbibgs n‗E0* Fhhfs cejt qubsg fxmhusgvfifjt nf hb cfrifjtbtgej* Hb prçsfjmf n‗E0 nbjs h‗fjvgrejjfifjt j‗fst pbs texgquf peur hb `bmtçrgf* + Hfs bjbçre`gfs strgmts* Fhhfs jf cejt quf hb cfrifjtbtgej* Hb prçsfjmf n‗E0 fst texgquf* Fx ; @bmtfregnfs qug rfprçsfjtfjt =4& nf hb cherf gjtfstgjbhf* >
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf =
+ Hfs igmrebçreplghfs* H‗bgr bi`gbjt fst mejstgtuç ä 02& n‗E 0* Mfttf mejmfjtrbtgej btiesplçrgquf n‗E 0 fst texgquf peur mfs `bmtçrgfs* Fhhfs sf ngvgsfjt `gfj hersquf hb mejmfjtrbtgej fj E0 fst nf h‗ernrf nf 24&* Fhhfs utghgsfjt h‗E0 meiif bmmfptfur n‗çhfmtrejs* Ej hfs treuvf nbjs hfs fjvgrejjfifjts bqufux mbr gh y b iegjs n‗4 0 nbjs h‗fbu* Fhhfs jf sejt pbs premlfs nf hb surcbmf mbr gh y rfstf ujf arbjnf prçsfjmf n‗E0* + ^exgmgtç nf h‗exyaìjf* Mfttf texgmgtç fst hgç ä sb mbpbmgtç rçbmtgvf ft nejm ä brrbmlfr nfs çhfmtrejs ä nfs iehçmuhfs erabjgqufs mf qug nejjf hgfu ä nfs cerifs bmtgvfs nf h‗E 0* Cerifs bmtgvfs nf h‗E0 ; ) Pbngmbh supfrexynf ; E 0 / f) E0) + ) hf pfrexynf n‗lynreaìjf ; E 0) + / f) / 0 L/ L0E0 ) Pbngmbh lynrexynf ; L 0E0 / f) / L/ L0E / EL) + ^eus hfs erabjgsifs vgvbjts cb`rgqufjt nfs fjzyifs nf nçtexgcgmbtgej peur mei`bttrf mfs cerifs bmtgvfs nf hE0 qug jeus sejt texgqufs* Fjzyifs nf nçtexgcgmbtgej ; ) ]EN ; supfrexynf ngsiutbsf 0 E0) + / 0 L / E0 / L0E0 ) Mbtbhbsf ; 0 L0E0 0 L0E / E0 ) Tfrexynbsf ; L 0E0 / JBNL / L / 0 L0E / JBN Mejtfju fjzyibtgquf ; BE ; / ]EN / mbtbhbsf BC ; / ]EN / mbtbhbsf BB ; / ]EN ” Mbtbhbsf B] ; ) ]EN ” Mbtbhbsf Igmrebçreplghfs ; / ]EN /%) Mbtbhbsf
>* Hf pL* Gh y b uj eptgiui nf pL buqufh hb mregssbjmf `bmtçrgfjjf fst ibxgibhf* Ej ngstgjauf = typfs ngccçrfjts ; ) Hfs Bmgneplghfs ; _2 ä 6(6Y ) Hfs Jfutreplghfs ; _6(6 ä
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf =
6* H‗bmtgvgtç nf h‗fbu ,b w'* ^eutf sehutgej mejtfjbjt nfs sehutçs mejtgfjt ; ) ujf pbrtgf nf h‗fbu hgçf bu sehutç* ) ujf pbrtgf nf h‗fbu hg`rf* T igh 9 prfssgej nf hb vbpfur n‗fbu hgçf nbjs uj ighgfu nejjçf T fbu purf 9 Trfssgej nf hb vbpfur n‗fbu hg`rf bw 9 , T igh ' % , T fbu purf' bw fbu purf 9 2 bw 9 ä prenugt nçslynrbtç bw fbu nf ifr 9 E(7< Hfs `bmtçrgfs jf sf nçvfheppfjt pbs nbjs ujf bmtgvgtç nf h‗fbu gjcçrgfurf ä 4(72* Ej ngstgjauf 0 typfs n‗erabjgsif ; ) Hfs Lbheplghfs ; fhhfs sejt mbpb`hfs nf prehgcçrfr nbjs nfs mejmfjtrbtgejs sbhgjfs lbutfs _0(< ä 3I fj JbMhY* ,jf prehgcìrf pbs nbjs h‗fbu nf ifr mbr pbs bssfz sbhç'* ) Hfs Lbhetehçrbjtfs ; @bmtçrgfs mbpb`hfs nf rçsgstfr ä nf lbutfs mejmfjtrbtgejs fj sfh ibgs fhhfs jf sejt pbs mbpb`hfs nf prehgcçrfr nbjs uj tfh fjvgrejjfifjt*
GGG* Hb jutrgtgej* 2* Hb vbrgçtç nfs seurmfs jutrgtgvfs* Teur nçtfrigjfr hfs seurmfs jutrgtgvfs n‗ujf `bmtçrgf( gh cbut nçtfrigjfr sfs `fsegjs mbn mf qug mejstgtuf sb IE* Hfs `bmtçrgfs sejt meipesçfs fssfjtgfhhfifjt nf M( L( E ft J* ^eus hfs erabjgsifs vgvbjts mejtgfjjfjt nfs iehçmuhfs erabjgqufs* H‗çhçifjt nf `bsf n‗ujf iehçmuhf erabjgquf fst hb prçsfjmf n‗uj squfhfttf mbr`ejç* Butrfs çhçifjts iegjs gipertbjts ; T( ]( ehgaeçhçifjts ,Ia 0/( Mb0/( Cf0/( Mu0/( Jg0/…' Erabjgsifs butetreplfs ; Erabjgsifs qug sbvfjt teut prenugrf n‗fhhf)iëif ä pbrtgr nf hb IE nf `bsf* 2716 ; Sfj Nkgofj b çtb`hgt mfttf ceriuhf ; ML 0 E4(6 J4(06
0* Hfs seurmfs nf mbr`ejf( n‗çjfragf ft nejjfur n‗çhfmtrejs* b* Hb seurmf nf mbr`ejf* Ej b 0 typfs n‗erabjgsifs ) Hfs erabjgsifs butetreplfs ; Fjsfi`hf nfs erabjgsifs qug sejt mbpb`hfs n‗utghgsfr hf ME0 meiif sfuh seurmf nf mbr`ejf* ) Hfs `bmtçrgfs lçtçretreplfs ; Fjsfi`hf nfs erabjgsifs qug utghgsfjt nfs iehçmuhfs erabjgqufs rçnugtfs meiif seurmf nf mbr`ejf
3
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf =
`* H‗çjfragf* Ej b 0 typfs n‗çjfragf ; ) Tletetreplfs ; mbpb`hfjt n‗utghgsfr h‗çjfragf huigjfusf meiif seurmf n‗çjfragf ) Mlgigetreplfs ; ejt `fsegj n‗exynfr nfs i´ erabjgqufs eu igjçrbhf pr prenugrf nf h‗çjfragf*
m* Hfs nejjfurs n‗çhfmtrejs* Ej nçcgjgt 0 arbjns areupfs ; ) Hgtletreplfs ; hb iehçmuhf n‗ergagjf fst ujf iehçmuhf igjçrbhf rçnugtf ) Erab Erabje jetr trep eplf lfss ; utgh utghgsf gsf nfs nfs iehçm iehçmuh uhfs fs erab erabjg jgqu qufs fs rçnu rçnugt gtfs fs meii meiiff nejj nejjfu fur r n‗çhfmtrejs* H‗gjtçarbhgtç nfs fspìmfs vgvbjtfs pfuvfjt s‗erabjgsfr > areupfs pbr rbppert ä mfttf jutrgtgej*
=* Hfs > typfs jutrgtgejjfhs* b* Butetreplfs pletehgtletreplfs* Ghs ejt teus hb pessg`ghgtç n‗utghgsfr hf ME 0 meiif seurmf nf `bsf nf mbr`ejf* H‗çjfragf prevgfjt nf hb huigìrf* Hb seurmf nf nejjfur n‗çhfmtrejs sejt nfs iehçmuhfs igjçrbhfs rçnugtfs* ,L 04( L0( L0]…' Ej y treuvf teus hfs vçaçtbux*
`* Hfs butetreplfs mlgigehgtletreplfs* ^eutf hb ibtgìrf erabjgquf fst prenugtf ä pbrtgf nu ME0* Exynbtgej n‗ujf iehçmuhf igjçrbhf rçnugtf prenugt h‗çjfragf* Nejjfur n‗çhfmtrej ; Iehçmuhf igjçrbhf* Hb seurmf nf h‗çjfragf ft nf nejjfur n‗çhfmtrejs sejt hgç*
m* Hfs lçtçretreplfs pleteerabjetreplfs* ]eurmf nf mbr`ejf ; iehçmuhf erabjgquf* Mfttf iëif iehçmuhf erabjgquf sfrt nf seurmf n‗çhfmtrejs* Vtghgsf Vtghgsf h‗çjfragf h‗çjfragf huigjfusf huigjfusf peur brrbmlfr brrbmlfr hfs çhfmtrejs çhfmtrejs ä hb iehçmuhf iehçmuhf erabjgquf nfs rçbmtgejs n‗exyne rçnumtgej* Ej y treuvf h‗Leiif*
ä hb `bsf
n* Hfs lçtçretreplfs mlgigeerabjetreplfs* ]eurmf nf mbr`ejf( n‗çjfragf ft n‗çhfmtrej fst ujf iehçmuhf erabjgquf rçnugtf*
f* Hfs igxetrelpfs* 1
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf =
Gh b hb mbppgsç n‗ëtrf ä hb cegs nbjs 0 mbtçaergfs* Gh fst mbpb`hf n‗ëtrf pbr fxfiphf ; Lçtçretreplf pleteerabjetreplfs hf keur ft lçtçretreplfs mlgigeerabjetreplfs hb jugt*
Ieyfjs ijçietfmljgqufs peur rftfjgr hfs ngvfrs areupfs ; ]G ej fst butetreplfs( ej fst cermçifjt hgtletreplf* plete eu mlgige* ]g ej fst Lçtçretreplf( ej fst cermçifjt earbjetreplf* Tlete eu mlgige*
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Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf >
Mlbpgtrf > ; Bnbptbtgej bu strfss ft cerifs nf vgf* G* Pçsgstbjmf bu strfss* ]trfss ; Sbrgbtgej `rutbhf n‗ujf mejngtgej fjvgrejjfifjtbhf ft plysgquf* Erabjgsif ; ]yjnreif açjçrbh n‗bnbptbtgej* Nçcgjgtgej nu strfss ; ]fhej hfs `geheagstfs( m‗fst ujf rçpejsf nf h‗erabjgsif ä ujf vbrgbtgej `rusquf nf pbrbiìtrf ahymemlgigquf peur ibgjtfjgr h‗çqughg`rf `geheagquf nbjs uj çtbt cejmtgejjfh*
2* Hf strfss exynbtgc* Gh fst hgç bux cerifs bmtgvfs nf h‗exyaìjf ; E0+)( L0E0( EL+ Mfs cerifs bmtgvfs nf h‗E0 pfuvfjt bvegr phusgfurs ergagjfs ; ) fjneaìjf ; h‗E0 btiesplçrgquf fst fj mejtbmt bvfm hb mfhhuhf `bmtçrgfjjf E0+) ) fxeaìjf ; L 0E0 ,pfrexynf n‗lynreaìjf' gjtfrvgfjt nbjs hb nçcfjsf mfhhuhbgrf peur pretçafr hfs `bmtçrgfs*
b* Hfs mg`hfs `geheagqufs* + ]g hb mg`hf fst ujf pretçgjf ; Mystçgjf ; h‗fxtrçigtç ]L hg`rf cerif uj ]EL ; sucejyhf* Fhhf sf stb`ghgsf fj ceribjt uj pejt ngsuhcurf* M‗fst texgquf peur hb `bmtçrgf qug vb nçvfheppfr teut uj systìif nf nçcfjsf qug nçtfmtf hb prçsfjmf nf mfhhuhf ibh mejceriç qug vb vgtf bhhfr hfs çhgigjfr ,Tretçbsf'* + ]g hb mg`hf fst h‗BNJ ; Hf rbngmbh EL+ su`gt ujf lynrexyhbtgej nfs `bsfs purgqufs ft pyrgigngqufs* Mfhb mbusf nfs frrfurs n‗bppbrgfifjt* Fx ; Hb `bsf ^ nfvgfjt ujf 6)lynrexyiftlyhurbmghf* 6)lynrexyiftlyhurbmghf* Hb `bsf A nfvgfjt ujf <)lynrexypurgjf* Hf systìif nf nçcfjsf fxmgsf mfs `bsfs jej mejcerif ft hfs rfiphbmf pbr n‗butrfs `bsfs trbjsvfrsgej( trbjsgtgej*
+ ]g hb mg`hf fst uj hgpgnf ; Vj bmgnf arbs gjsbturç fj prçsfjmf nf E0+)( gh y b hb ceribtgej n‗uj pfrexynf* Mfhb fst fxtrëififjt rçbmtgc ft gjstb`hf* Mfhb nur qq sfmejnfs ft vb bttbqufr uj butrf pejn ngsuhcurf* Nejm gh y b euvfrturf nfs pejts ngsuhcurfs nnçstb`ghgsbtgej nfs plesplehgpgnfs ,ifi`rbjf'* ]EN 9 supfr exynf ngsiutbsf* Fhhf nç`brbssf hb mfhhuhf nf E0+)* Mbtbhbsf ft % eu pfrexynbsf nç`brbssf nfs butrfs cerifs bmtgvfs nf h‗E0* 2
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf >
0* H‗esierçauhbtgej* Nçcgjg Nçc gjgtge tgejs js ; Esiehbrgtç Esiehbrgtç ,eu prfssgej prfssgej esietgquf esietgquf'' ; Hb seiif seiif nfs sehutçs sehutçs esietgqufi esietgqufifjt fjt bmtgcs n‗ujf n‗ujf sehutgej* Tfrift nf nçcgjgr h‗ujgtç nf `bsf ; esiehf* Fx ; ]g ej prfjn ujf sehutgej nf sbmmlbresf ä 4(6 iehbgrf fst 4(6 esieh* Vjf sehutgej nf JbMh ä 4(6 iehbgrf ft ä 2 esieh ,4(6 esieh nf Jb/ ft 4(6 esieh nf Mh)'* Pfhbtgej fjtrf esiehbrgtç ft BQ ; Buaifjtbtgej nf esiehbrgtç 9 ngigjutgej nf BQ* Esierçauhb Esierçauhbtgej tgej ; H‗fjsfi`hf H‗fjsfi`hf nfs premfssus premfssus leiçestbtgq leiçestbtgqufs ufs qug ibgjtgfjjf ibgjtgfjjfjt jt h‗esiehbrgtç h‗esiehbrgtç n‗uj ëtrf vgvbjt ä sej jgvfbu ,eu çqughg`rf' jeribh* Mf sejt teus hfs systìifs nejt hb `bmtçrgf ngspesf peur huttfr mejtrf hf plçjeiìjf jbturfh nf h‗esiesf* Esie Esiesf sf ; H‗fb H‗fbu u sf nçph nçphbm bmff n‗uj n‗uj ighgf ighgfu u lype lypete tejg jgqu quff cbg` cbg`hf hf fj sehu sehutç tç vfrs vfrs uj ighg ighgfu fu lypfrtejgquf cert fj sehutç* sehutç*
b* Pþhf nf h‗esiehbrgtç* Fj pfribjfjmf nfs sehutçs fj sehutgejs fjtrfjt nbjs hb mfhhuhf `bmtçrgfjjf buaifjtbtgej mejstbjtf nf h‗esiehbrgtç nf hb mfhhuhf qug iìjf ä ujf buaifjtbtgej nf prfssgej 9 prfssgej nf turafsmfjmf* Nf = ä 24 bti nf prfssgej mejtrf hb pbreg* Mfttf prfssgej nf turafsmfjmf fst hf ietfur nf hb ngvgsgej mfhhuhbgrf*
`* Sbrgbtgej nf h‗esiehbrgtç* Ngvfrs mbs nf cgaurf ; ) Buaifjtbtgej `rutbhf nf h‗esiehbrgtç nf h‗fjvgrejjfifjt h‗fbu ä tfjnbjmf jbturfhhfifjt ä sertgr nf hb mfhhuhf mfhhuhf `bmtçrgfjjf* `bmtçrgfjjf* Tlçjeiìjf Tlçjeiìjf nf phbsiehys phbsiehysf* f* Mfmg fst texgquf texgquf pr hb `bmtçrgf ; brrët nf teus hfs içtb`ehgsifs ft ngvgsgej* ) ]g hf strfss fst cbg`hf ,84(6I JbMh'( hb `bmtçrgf meipfjsf fj cbgsbjt fjtrfr nfs sfhs fj pbrtgmuhgfr nfs O/ ft fj iëif tfips fjtrçf nf ahutbibtf ,MEE)'* Hf ahutbibtf fst prenugt pbr hb `bmtçrgf fhhf)iëif* ) ]g hf strfss fst cbg`hf( gh y b syjtlìsf eu fjtrçf n‗esiepretfmtfurs ,bb( sumrfs( nçrgvçs n‗bb'* Hb ahymgjf ahymgjf `çtbåjf ,trgiftlyhbigjf ahymgjf' fst uj nfs esiepretfmtfurs* esiepretfmtfurs* Mfs esiepr esiepretf etfmtfu mtfurs rs sejt sejt stemoç stemoçss fj arbjnf arbjnf qubjtg qubjtgtç tç mbr ghs sejt sejt fxtrëi fxtrëifif fifjt jt sehu`h sehu`hff ,344a%H'* ) Vjf Vjf ngig ngigju jutg tgej ej `rut `rutbh bhff nf h‗es h‗esie iehbr hbrgtç gtç nf h‗fjv h‗fjvgr grej ejjf jfif ifjt jt h‗fb h‗fbu u ä tfjn tfjnbj bjmf mf jbturf jbturfhhfi hhfifjt fjt ä fjtrfr fjtrfr nbjs nbjs hb mfhhuhf mfhhuhf `bmtçrg `bmtçrgfjj fjjf* f* Tlçjei Tlçjeiìjf ìjf nf turafs turafsmfj mfjmf* mf* Mfmg Mfmg fst 0
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf > texgquf peur hb `bmtçrgf ; brrët nf teus teus hfs içtb`ehgsifs ft ngvgsgej* Fhhf fssbg nf meipfjsfr nf ngvfrs cbáejs ; ) Euvfrturf nfs bqubpergjfs ; mbjbux qug pfrifttfjt hb sertgf n‗fbu* ) Hfs mbjbux mbjbux içmbje içmbjesfjs sfjsg`h g`hfs fs ; hersqu hersquff hb prfssge prfssgej j nf turafsm turafsmfjm fjmff buaifj buaifjtf( tf( mfs mbjbux s‗euvrfjt peur hbgssfr sertgr hfs sehutçs nf hb mfhhuhf `bmtçrgfjjf* ) Hfs mbjbux spçmgcgqufs Fx ; Hf mbjbh IsmI mlfz F* Mehg( sugtf ä uj mlem esietgquf h‗euvfrturf fj 044isfm cbgt sertgr 2I nf ahymgjf `çtbåjf*
GG* Cerifs nf vgf* 2* Jetgej n‗çmeheagf igmre`gfjjf* b* Thbjmtejg Thbjmtejgquf* quf* Vjf mfhhuhf phbjmtejgquf fst ujf mfhhuhf gjngvgnubhgsçf fj ighgfu hgqugnf* B hb `bsf `bsf nf hb igmre igmre`g `geh ehea eagf gf(( ej çtun çtungç gç teut teutfs fs hfs hfs `bmtç `bmtçrg rgfs fs nbjs nbjs uj fjvg fjvgre rejj jjfi fifj fjtt phbjmtejgquf* Hfs `bmtçrgfs jf sejt pbs prçsfjtf fj ibkergtç nbjs uj fjvgrejjfifjt phbjmtejgquf* Fj fccft( fhhf fst seuvfjt fj mehejgf ft jej gjngvgnubhgsçf* gjngvgnubhgsçf*
`* Mehejgfs* @gecghi `bmtçrgfj* Vjf `bmtçrgf fj mehejgf sur ujf `eêtf nf pçtrg fst rçpbrtg nf ibjgìrf lçtçreaìjf* Hfs `bmtçrgfs fj mehejgfs cerifjt ujf `euhf* Hfs `bmtçrgfs fj surcbmf fj mejtbmt bvfm h‗E 0 j‗burejt pbs hb iëif strumturf qu‗ujf `bmtçrgf sgtuçf bu mfjtrf nf mfttf « `euhf ¿* Hfs `bmtçrgfs jf suppertbjt pbs h‗E0 sf rftreuvfrejt nejm( fj çtbjt bu mfjtrf nf mfttf `euhf( pretçaçs pbr hfs butrfs `bmtçrgfs*
0* Hf `gecghi `bmtçrgfj* Hb cerif phbjmtejgquf fst ujf cerif nf ngssçigjbtgej peur pbssfr n‗uj `gecghi ä uj butrf* Hb cerif jbturfhhf nf vgf jeribhf n‗ujf `bmtçrgf fst hb mehejgf*
b* Nçcgjgtge Nçcgjgtgej* j* Fmesystìifs mejstgtuçs nf pepuhbtgejs nf igmre)erabjgsifs bssemgç hfs ujs bux butrfs( gjmhus nbjs nbjs ujf ibtrgmf ibtrgmf n‗fxep n‗fxepehy ehyiìr iìrfs fs ft açjçrbh açjçrbhfif fifjt jt bssemgç bssemgçss ä nfs tgssus( tgssus( nfs ibtçrg ibtçrgbux bux b`getgqufs eu nfs gjtfrcbmfs* Mfttf nçcgjgtgej gjmhus ; ) hfs strumturfs nf typfs barçabts ft chemuhbts ) hfs mehejgfs sur ighgfux açhesçs ,`eêtf nf Tftrg' ) hfs `bmtçrgfs cgxçfs nbjs nfs gjtfrstgmfs nf ighgfux perfux ) hfs pfhhgmuhfs `bmtçrgfjjfs mejtbigjbjt hfs `geibtçrgbux giphbjtçs nbjs h‗erabjgsif eu mehejgsbjt hb surcbmf nfs tgssus fumbryetfs lþtfs ) hfs chfurs n‗fbu ,`heei' =
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf >
`* Mgjçtgquf nf mehejgsbtgej* H‗ernrf nf mehejgsbtgej nfs supperts pbs hb `bmtçrgf* Ej b ujf surcbmf hg`rf giifraçf nbjs uj ighgfu bqufux* + Jetgej nf cghi mejngtgejjbjt ; giifrsgej n‗uj suppert nbjs uj ighgfu bqufux hf suppert sf rfmeuvrf giiçngbtfifjt nfs iehçmuhfs sgtuçfs nbjs hf ighgfu bqufux* Gh y b / nf ibtgìrf erabjg erabjgquf quf bu jgvfbu jgvfbu nu supper suppertt quf nbjs nbjs hf ighgfu ighgfu bqufux bqufux m‗fst peurqu peurqueg eg hfs `bmtçrg `bmtçrgfs fs vgfjjfjt sf mehhfr bu suppert* + Mehejgsbtgej prfigìrf ; Fhhf fst rçvfrsg`hf( mfrtbgjfs `bmtçrgfs s‗bmmremlfjt%nçmremlfjt* + Pçagif hbigjbgrf eu tur`uhfjt ; Vjf `bmtçrgf j‗fst pbs cermçifjt nbjs uj ighgfu bqufux trìs stb`hf* Fx ; Pçagif hbigjbgrf 9 vfrrf n‗fbu Pçagif tur`uhfjt 9 h‗fbu n‗uj terrfjt Gjtfrbmtgej nf h‗fjvfheppf `bmtçrgfjjf bvfm hb surcbmf* Mf mejtbmt pfut ëtrf veuhu eu jej* ]g hb `bmt `bmtçr çrgf gf treu treuvf vf uj fjvg fjvgre rejj jjfi fifj fjtt cbve cbverb rb`h `hff sur sur hf supp supper ert( t( fhhf fhhf vb s‗y s‗y cgxf cgxfr r nçcgjgtgvfifjt* + Mehejgsbtgej Mehejgsbtgej sfmejnbgrf sfmejnbgrf ; Grrçvfrsg`hf( Grrçvfrsg`hf( mlbjafifjt mlbjafifjt meiphft nu içtb`ehgsif içtb`ehgsif** Fhhf sf cgxf nçcgjgtgvfifjt bu suppert* Fhhf prenugt nfs Bnlçsgjfs gjngspfjsb`hfs ä hb cgxbtgej bu suppert* Hersquf hfs `bmtçrgfs sf cgxfjt nçcgjgtgvfifjt bu suppert( fhhfs meiifjmfjt ä sf iuhtgphgfr* Hfs mfhhuhfs cghhfs rfstfjt fj mejtbmt nf hb mfhhuhf iìrf* + ]yjtlìsf n‗Fxepehyiìrfs ; Gh y b syjtlìsf n‗ujf abjauf qug fjteurf hb mehejgf nf `bmtçrgfs* Igmre)mehejgfs ; `bmtçrgfs fjteurçfs n‗ujf abjauf* @gecghi 9 bssemgbtgej nfs igmre)mehejgfs* vegr pehy ; mgjçtgquf nf nçvfheppfifjt
m* ]trumturf trgngifjsgejjfhhf* + Cerifs nfs `gecghis `gecghi s ; Nfs chux vgfjjfjt bppertçs nf hb ibtgìrf erabjgquf qug sf mehhf fj mejtbmtf nf hb abjauf n‗fxepehyiìrfs* Hb abjauf n‗fxepehyiìrf n‗fxepehyiìrf ä ujf cerif nf « mlbipgajej ¿* H‗bssemgbtgej nfs igmre)mehejgfs fj mlbipgajej mrçf ujf vçrgtb`hf vbsmuhbrgsbtgej qug pfrift hf pbssbaf n‗fbu* Hf `gecghi cghtrf hb ngccusgej* Hfs Hfs `bmt `bmtçr çrgf gfss fj `gec `gecgh ghis is sejt sejt phus phus rçsg rçsgst stbj bjtf tfss bux bux bjtg bjtg`g `get etgq gquf ufss quf quf hfs hfs `bmt `bmtçr çrgf gfss phbjmtejgqufs mbr hb ngccusgej nfs bjtg`getgqufs ä h‗gjtçrgfur nu cghi fst rbhfjtgt* >
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf >
]mlçib 2*
+ Fvehutgej Fvehu tgej nfs `gecghis ; Hb mbrfjmf fj çhçifjts jutrgtgcs iìjf ä hb iert nfs `bmtçrgfs* Bgjsg hfs `gecghis ngspbrbgssfjt* Nfs mejtrbgjtfs plysgqufs pfuvfjt `hequfr h‗çvehutgej nfs `gecghis* Meiif hb prçsfjmf n‗uj fjvgrejjfifjt tur`uhfjt* Hb mehejgf vb nfvegr bnbptfr ujf cerif bnbptçf ä h‗fjvgrejjfifjt* Fx ; Bnbptfr ujf cerif pyrbignbhf pyrbignbhf bu hgfu n‗ujf cerif nf `àtejjft qug sfrrbgt iegjs iegjs sehgnf sehgnf cbmf bu meurbjt* Mejtrbgjtf plysgquf nf h‗fjvgrejjfifjt* ]mlçib 0* Fvehutgej jbturfhhf ; Fj pfri pfribj bjfj fjmf mf hf `gec `gecgh ghi i pfut pfut çveh çvehuf ufrr fj hg`ç hg`çrb rbjt jt ft fj gjtf gjtfrj rjbj bjtt nfs nfs `bmt `bmtçr çrgf gfss gjngvgnubhgsçfs*
6
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 6
Mlbpgtrf 6 ; Hfs içtb`ehgsifs* G* Hb ceurjgturf n‗çjfragf* 2* Pbppfh* b* ]eurmf n‗çjfragf* Hb huigìrf fst hb seurmf n‗çjfragf* Fhhf pfrift hb mbsmbnf nf rçbmtgej n‗exynerçnumtgej* H‗ex H‗exyn ynbt btgej gej nf iehçm iehçmuh uhfs fs erab erabjg jgqu qufs fs eu nf iehç iehçmu muhfs hfs igjç igjçrbh rbhfs fs fst ä h‗er h‗erga gagj gjff nf hb prenumtgej n‗çjfragf*
`* Nejjfur n‗çhfmtr n‗çhfmtrejs* ejs* Mf sejt segt ; ) nfs iehçmuhfs erabjgqufs rçnugtfs ,sumrfs( hgpgnfs( pretçgjfs' ) nfs iehçmuhfs igjçrbhfs rçnugtfs ,L0E( L0( L0]'
m* Bmmfptfurs n‗çhfmtrejs* Ej pbrt n‗uj nejjfur n‗f) ft pbr ujf mbsmbnf nf rçbmtgej n‗exynerçnumtgej ej brrgvf ä h‗bmmfptfur cgjbh n‗f)* M‗fst h‗bmmfptfur cgjbh n‗f) qug çtb`hgt hb vegf içtb`ehgquf* Hfs ngccçrfjtfs vegfs içtb`ehgqufs sejt ; ) rfspgrbtgej ; ) bçre`gf bmmfptfur cgjbh n‗f) 9 E0 ) bjbçre`gf bmmfptfur cgjbh n‗f) 9 butrf iehçmuhf quf h‗E 0 ,Cf=/( JE=)( ]E>0)( ^IBE'* Mfs iehçmuhfs sejt nbjs teus hfs mbs fxeaìjfs* ) cfrifjtbtgej ; Hb iehçm iehçmuh uhff bmmfp bmmfptrg trgmf mf n‗çh n‗çhfmt fmtre rejs js fst cermç cermçif ifjt jt fjne fjneaì aìjf jf** Mftt Mfttff iehçm iehçmuh uhff fst uj gjtfriçngbgrf içtb`ehgquf* ) pletesyjtlìsf ; H‗bmmfptfur cgjbh n‗f) fst ujf iehçmuhf fjneaìjf* Bmmfptfur cgjbh n‗f) 9 JBNL* H‗e`kfmtgc cgjbh fst nf trbjscçrç hfs pretejs nf mft JBNL fjtrf butrf peur cerifr nf hb ibtgìrf erabjgquf* ME0 / L/ _ML0EYj
n* ]eurmf nf mbr`ejf* Butetreplf ; ME0 ,jf pfut pbs cbgrf hb cfrifjtbtgej' Lçtçretreplf ; iehçmuhf erabjgquf
f* Hfs typfs jutrgtgejjfhs*
2
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 6 ) Butetreplfs ; pletehgtletreplfs* ME0( huigìrf igjçrbhf JBNL ) Butetreplfs mlgighgtletreplfs ; ]eurmf nf M ; ME0* Sb nfvegr exynfr nfs i´ igjçrbhfs* Hf trbjscfrt n‗f) nf mfs i´ igjçrbhfs sf cbgt pbr exynbtgej* Hb sfuhfs vegf içtb`ehgquf utghgsb`hf fst hb rfspgrbtgej* ) Lçtçretreplfs pleteerabjetreplfs ; ]eurmf nf M ft nejjfur n‗f) 9 iehçmuhf erabjgquf* Vtghgsf h‗çjfragf huigjfusf peur prenugrf hb mbsmbnf n‗exynerçnumtgej* Fx ; Plen Plenes espg pgrg rghh hhui ui sp* sp* Fst Fst mbpb mbpb`h `hff nf cbgr cbgrff hb plet pletes esy yjtlì jtlìsf sf(( hb rfsp rfspgr grbt btge gej j ft hb cfrifjtbtgej* ) Lçtçretreplfs mlgigeerabjetreplfs ; ]eurmf nf M( n‗çjfragf ft nejjfur n‗f) 9 iehçmuhf erabjgquf rçnugtf* Segf içtb`ehgquf ; rfspgrbtgej eu cfrifjtbtgej peur utghgsfr mfs iehçmuhfs erabjgqufs nbjs hfs vegfs n‗exynerçnumtgej*
c* Exynerçnumtgej* Vjf rçbmtgej n‗exynerçnumtgej sf nçmeupf fj 0 nfig)rçbmtgejs ; ) ujf rçbmtgej n‗exynbtgej n‗ujf i´ rçnugtf qug vb nejm mçnfr mfs f) ft L/* Fx ; L0 0 L/ / 0 f) ) ujf rçbmtgej nf rçnumtgej( abgj n‗f) ft nf L/* Fx ; ¹ E0 / 0 L/ / 0 f) L0E* @ghbj ; L0 / ¹ E0 L0E* Meuphfs rfnex ; 0 L/ % L0 ; ) 4(>02 S ¹ E0 % L0E ; / 4(<23 Ej pfut nçcgjgr uj petfjtgfh rçnex peur mlbmuj nfs meuphfs ; F‗e Vj `ej nejjfur n‗f) b uj petfjtgfh rçnex jçabtgc* Fx ; L0 Vj `ej bmmfptfur n‗f) b uj petfjtgfh rçnex pesgtgc* Fx ; E0 Segr pehy pbaf 2* ΞF‗e 9 ΞA‗e 9 çjfragf hg`çrçf NL0 / B N / BL0 / çjfragf ,B^T' Meiif ej pbssf n‗uj nejjfur cert ft uj bmmfptfur cert ä uj nejjfur cbg`hf ft uj bmmfptfur cbg`hf( gh y b ujf hg`çrbtgej n‗çjfragf* Thus hb ngccçrfjmf fjtrf hb cermf nfs nejjfurs ft bmmfptfurs fst certf( phus hb hg`çrbtgej n‗çjfragf fst gipertbjtf* Pfibrquf 2 ; Hb pletesyjtlìsf* 0
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 6 Nbjs hb pletesyjtlìsf exyaçjgquf( hf pegjt nf nçpbrt nf hb mbsmbnf n‗exynerçnumtgej fst L0E* L0E fst uj nejjfur cbg`hf( h‗çjfragf huigjfusf mbssf mfttf i´ n‗L0E peur nejjfr nf h‗E0 qug fst uj bmmfptfur cert* Pfibrquf 0 ; Hb cfrifjtbtgej* Hb cfrifjtbtgej b peur pegjt nf nçpbrt ujf i´ erabjgquf ft h‗bmmfptfur cgjbh n‗f) fst ujf butrf i´ erabjgquf 9 uj gjtfriçngbgrf içtb`ehgquf* Tbr nçcgjgtgej mfs i´ vejt ëtrf premlf nu pegjt nf vu petfjtgfh rçnex* M‗fst peurqueg hb cfrifjtbtgej hg`ìrf pfu n‗çjfragf* Pfibrquf = ; Mbtb`ehgsif* Mbtb`ehgsif 9 mit ej nçarbnf ujf i´ peur prenugrf nf h‗JPK* Bjb`ehgsif 9 cb`rgmbtgej nf i´ erabjgquf Içtb`ehgsif 9 Mbtb`ehgsif / Bjb`ehgsif
0* Trenumtgej n‗çjfragf ; hfs ngccçrfjts mbs*
]mlçib 2* Hf pegjt meiiuj nf mfs = vegfs( m‗fst quf h‗ej vb utghgsfr nu JBNL*
b* Pþhf nu JBN/ % JBNL( L/* JBNL 9 Jgmetgjbignf bnçjgjf ngjumhçetgnf* ,eu JBNT%JBTL'* Ruf h‗ej pbrhf nf 9 çqugvbhfjt JBNL Tetfjtgfh rçnumtfur gjtrbmfhhuhbgrf ; Teur hf meuphf JBN/%JBNL( L/( JBN/ fst prçsfjt fj teutf pftgtf qubjtgtç nbjs hb mfhhuhf*
]mlçib 0* Mfttf çtbpf s‗bssemgf e`hgabtegrfifjt pbr hb rçnumtgej nu JBN/ fj JBNL( L/* _JBN _JBN/Y /Y fst hgig hgigtç tç nejm nejm gh cbut cbut rfmy rfmymhfr mhfr mf petfj petfjtg tgfh fh rçnum rçnumtf tfur ur bu cur cur ft ä ifsu ifsurf rf nfs nfs içtb`ehgsifs*
=* Exynbtgej nf iehçmuhfs erabjgqufs rçnugtfs* Gh y fj b phfgj nf pessg`hfs* Ibgs ej jf vegt quf hf mbs açjçrbh ; Bssgighbtgej n‗uj sumrf ; hf ahumesf*
b* Hfs vegfs n‗exynbtgej* H‗bssgighbtgej nu sumrf pbr hfs `bmtçrgfs sf cbgt pbr = vegfs pessg`hfs ; ) vegf nf hb ahymehysf ) vegf nfs pfjtesfs plesplbtf =
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 6 ) vegf nfs ONTA
+ Hb ahymehys ahyme hysff ;
Tehy pbaf 0* Hb vegf nf hb ahymehysf pfut ëtrf nçmeupçf fj 0 pbrtgfs ; ) Hb vegf lbutf ; Nbjs mfttf vegf( gh j‗y b pbs nf rçbmtgej n‗exynerçnumtgej* Tbs nf prenumtgej nf JBNL Fhhf fst meiiujf bux prembryetfs ft fumbryetfs* 2ìrf çtbpf ; Tlespleryhbtgej nu sumrf* Ahm ,M3' Ahm)3T Teur Teur rfjt rfjtrf rfrr nbjs nbjs hb m´ uj sumr sumrff negt negt ftrf ftrf systç systçib ibtgq tgquf ufif ifjt jt ples plespe pery ryhç hç mbr mbr qn gh fst fst plespleryhç gh jf pfut phu sertgr nf hb m´* smlçib =* Ej mejseiif nf h‗B^T ; )2 B^T* Ej cbgt ujf 0 ìif plespleryhbtgej* M3T 0 M=T Gh y b nejm fu bu tetbh 0 i´ n‗B^T mejseiiç ft 4 prenugtf* ) Hb vegf `bssf Ej pbrt nf ; 0 A=T 0 x A=T 0 pyruvbtf M=T M = Ej b prenugt uj JBNL iuhtgphgç pbr 0 mbr gh y b 0 i´* P)ML= : P)MLEL : PMLE : P)MEEL Pçnugt exynç Hg`çrbtgej bu cgjbh nf 0 I´ n‗B^T pr brrgvfr bu cgjbh bu pyrgvbtf ä iuhtgphgfr pbr 0 mbr tkr 0 i´* @ghbj ; ) 0 B^T / 0 JBNL / > B^T 0 B^T / 0 JBNL prenugt pbr iehçmuhf nf ahumesf*
+ Hb vegf nfs pfjtesfs plesplbtfs ; Mfttf vegf pfut ëtrf nçmeupçf fj 0 pbrtgfs ; ) vegf lbutf ; M3T Pg`uhesf 6T >
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 6 Hf rg`uuhesf 6 T fst uj içtb`ehgquf gjtfriçngbgrf mfjtrbh nbjs hb vegf nf hb syjtlìsf nf teus hfs bmgnfs jumhçgqufs* Ej pbrt ä )2 B^T mbr hb iehçmuhf nf Ahm fst nçkä plespleryhçf* 0 rçbmtgejs n‗exynbtgej vejt sf prenugrf ; ) trbjsceribtgej nu ahm ahm 3 T fj 3 plespleahumeje 5 ”hbmtejf* ,JBNTL' ) exynbtgej qug s‗bmmeipbajf n‗ujf nçmbr`exyhbtgej Hg`çrbtgej nf JBNTL / ME0* @ghbj ; ) 2 B^T ft / 0 JBNL ) vegf `bssf Tegjt nf nçpbrt ; = M6T Ej prfjn 0 i´ ; smlçib >* @ghbj ; /2 JBNL / 0 B^T @ghbj ahe`bh ; / 2 B^T / = JBNL ,nejm ,nejm mejseiibtgej nf = JBN/'
+ Hb vegf nu ONTA ; Ej nçmeupf fj 0 pbrtgfs ; ) Segf lbutf ; Hb pbrtgf lbutf fst mejcejnuf bvfm hfs pfjtesfs T män kusq‗bu 3 plesple ahumejbtf* ) 2 B^T / 2 JBNL ) Segf `bssf ; M3T ONTA 0 M= 2 M=T ; A=T 2 M= ; pyruvbtf / 0 B^T / 2 JBNL @ghbj ahe`bh ; / 2 B^T / 0 JBNL @ghbj meipbrç pbr iehçmuhf nf ahumesf ; Ahymehysf ; 0 B^T Tfjtesf T ; 2 B^T ONTA ; 2 B^T
0 JBNL = JBNL 0 JBNL
`* Hfs cfrifjtbtgejs* Hb strbtçagf fst nf vgtf rçaçjçrç nu JBN/ ,qug b çtç trbjsceriç fj JBNL' ä pbrtgr nu pyruvbtf peur peuvegr peuvegr rfcbgrf hfs vegfs içtb`ehgqufs qug sf cejt ä pbrtgr nu JBN/* B pbrtgr nu pyruvbtf* Tyruvbtf rçnumtgej iehçmuhf rçnugtf 6
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 6 JBNL exynbtgej JBN/ M‗fst ujf strbtçagf meiiujf* Hfs cfrifjtbtgejs fssfjtgfhhfs sejt ; leie( lçtçre ft igxtf*
+ Hb cfrifjtbtgej leiehbmtgquf* H‗exyaìjf j‗fst kbibgs utghgsç nbjs hb cfrifjtbtgej " Ahm Ahm 3 T ,) 2 B^T' 0A=T 0 Tyruvbtf Mejseiibtgej nf 0 B^T Trenugt >B^T / 0 JBNL @ghbj ; 0 B^T / 0 JBNL Teur rçaçjçrfr hf JBN/( rçnumtgej nu pyruvbtf ; HNL 0 Tyruvbtf 0 Hbmtbtf 0JBNL 0 JBN/ ,pnt mfttf rçbmtgej' HNL 9 Hbmtbtf nfslynreaçjbsf ]trfptememmus tlfrieplghus Mfrtbgjs hbmte`bmghhfs ; Hbmte`bmghhus nfh`rufmogg ssp `uhabrgmus Cfrifjtbtgej leiehbmtgquf ; ej pfut mbhmuhfr hf hbmtbtf prenugt*
+ Cfrifjtbt Cfrif jtbtgej gej lçtçrehbm lçtçr ehbmtgquf tgquf ; Ej pbrt nu \yhuhesf 6 T* Bvbjt gh y b fu ; M3T \yhuhesf 6 T Bvfm prenumtgej nf 2 M40 ft 0 JBNL* Hb plesplemçtehbsf trbjscerif hf xyhuhesf 6 T fj ; BmçtyhT ft Ahymçrbhnçlynf =T* HNL A=T Tyruvbtf hbmtbtf 0 B^T 2 JBNL JBN/ @ghbj ; 2 B^T prenugt* Bmçtyh T Bmçtbtf @ghbj / 2 B^T Bmçtyh T Bmçtyh MeB B… vegr pehy 3
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 6
@ghbj açjçrbh ; Hbmtbtf / Bmçtbtf ; / ME0 / 0 B^T / 0 JBNL Hbmtbtf / Ftlbjeh ; / ME0 / 2 B^T Hfs `bmtçrgfs utghgsbjt mfttf cfrifjtbtgej sejt ; ) hb phupbrt nfs hbmte`bmghhfs ) hfumejestem sp
+ Hb cfrifjtbtgej bmgnf igxtf* Ahm 0A=T 0 pyruvbtf @ghbj çjfraçtgquf ; 0 B^T / 0 JBNL B pbrtgr n‗ujf I´ nf pyruvbtf( 0 i´ ngccçrfjtfs pfuvfjt ëtrf prenugtfs* 0 pyruvbtf 0 Hbmtbtf Trenumtgej nf JBN/ Hb prenumtgej nf L0 pbr nçmbr`exyhbtgej nu pyruvbtf fst uj gjngmbtfur nf mfttf cfrifjtbtgej* B pbrtgr nf h‗bmçtyh MeB( gh y b 0 pessg`ghgtçs* ]g hb mfhhuhf pessìnf ujf bmçteogjbsf( h‗bmçtyhT pfut ëtrf trbjsceriç fj bmçtbtf* @ghb @g hbj j; Hbmtbtf( Bmgnf cerigquf( ME0( L0 Tugs bu mlegx ej cbgt nf h‗bmçtbtf eu nf h‗çtlbjeh* ]g ej cbvergsf hb ceribtgej nf h‗bmçtbtf( ej b `ej uj `ghbj çjfraçtgquf ibgs pfu nf JBNL ; Trenumtgej nf = B^T / 2 JBNL* ]g ej cbvergsf hb ceribtgej nf h‗çtlbjeh( gh y b prenumtgej ; 0 B^T 0 JBNL ” = JBN/ 9 ) JBN/ Hfs `bmtçrgfs qug cejt hb cfrifjtbtgej bmgnf igxtf sejt ibkergtbgrfifjt hfs fjtfre`bmtçrgfs ,F* mehg'* Hb rbgsej rbgsej qu‗ujf qu‗ujf `bmtçrgf `bmtçrgf cbgt cbgt tfhhf tfhhf eu tfhhf tfhhf cfrifjt cfrifjtbtge btgej j fst sfhej sfhej hfs fjzyi fjzyifs fs qu‗fhh qu‗fhhfs fs pessìnfjt*
+ Hb cfrifjtbtgej `utbjfngehgquf* Ahm 0A=T 0 pyruvbtfs Trenumtgej ; 0 B^T / 0 JBNL 1
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 6 Mfs `bmtçrgfs ejt ujf fjzyif trìs gjtfrfssbjtf ; h‗bmçtehbmtbtf syjtlbsf* Hb cejmtgej mçtejf nf h‗bmçteåjf vb ëtrf rfiphbmç pbr ujf cejmtgej bhmeeh* Hf pbssbaf n‗uj mçtejf ä uj bhmeeh 9 rçnumtgej* @ghbj ; 0 B^T / 2 JBNL Hfs `bmtçrgfs cbgsbjt mfttf cfrifjtbtgej cejt çabhfifjt ujf butrf cfrifjtbtgej fj iëif tfips ,açjçrbhfifjt cfrifjtbtgej bmgnf igxtf'* Hfs `bmtçrgfs cbgsbjt mfttf cfrifjtbtgej sejt mfrtbgjfs fjtfre`bmtçrgfs ; ]frrbtgb( Frwgjgb( fjtfre`bmtfr*
+ Hb cfrifjtbtgej nf ]tgmohbjn* Bu nçpbrt mf j‗fst pbs uj sumrf ibgs uj bb* BB 9 seurmf nf M* Ej b uj meuphbaf nf rçbmtgejs* Hf petfjtgfh rfnex nf hb m´ rfstf uj gjtbmt aràmf ä mf meuphbaf ; Exynbtgej n‗uj BB ft fj iëif tfips rçnumtgej n‗uj butrf BB* Bhbjgjf ; nçsbigjbtgej ft exynbtgej sf cejt fj iëif tfips* Hb nçmbr`exyhbtgej iìjf ä ujf hgbgsej certf bvfm hf Teur Teur mejt mejtrf rf`b `bhb hbjm jmfr fr mfs rçbmt rçbmtge gejs js n‗ex n‗exyn ynbtg btgej ej(( gh sf cbgt cbgt fj pbrbh pbrbhhì hìhf hf nfs nfs rçbmt rçbmtge gejs js nf rçnumtgej* 2 Bhbjgjf / 0 Ahymgjf 2 B^T prenugt
= JL= / = bmçtbtf / 2 ME0
@bmtçrgfs ; Mhestrgngui sp
+ Hb cfrifjtbtgej `utlyrgquf* @bmtçrgfs ; M* `utlyrgmui* ]f rftreuvf nbjs hfs `egtfs nf mejsfrvfs ibhfs stçrghgsçfs*
+ Hb cfrifjtbtgej Bmçteje`utyhgquf* @bmtçrgfs ; M* Bmçteje`utyhgmui* Ceribtgej n‗uj bmçtejf ft nf `utbjeh* + Hb cfrifjtbtgej prepgejgquf* ]ummgjbtf Trepgejbtf Bvfm hg`çrbtgej nf ME0* <
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 6
+ Hb rçtrearbnbtgej ibhehbmtgquf* M‗fst uj mbs pbrtgmuhgfr mbr mf j‗fst pbs ujf cfrifjtbtgej* M‗fst uj nfs çhçifjts mbpgtbh nf hb cb`rgmbtgej n‗uj vgj* Hfvurf ,]bmmlbreiymfs mfrfvgsgbf'* Fhhf cfrifjtf hfs sumrfs fj çtlbjeh* Fj iëif tfips gh y b prenumtgej nf plçjeh ,brþif'* Gh y b hg`çrbtgej n‗bmgnf nbjs hf vgj( jetbiifjt nu ibhbtf qug fst uj ngbmgnf* Ibgs hf plçjeh jf suppertf pbs h‗bmgnf* Nejm gh cbut hgigtfr mft bmgnf sgjej pbs n‗brþif* Ej pbssf nejm nu ibhbtf bu hbmtbtf ngigjutgej nf h‗bmgngtç nu vgj fj trbjsceribjt uj ngbmgnf fj uj iejebmgnf* H‗B^Tbsf ifi`rbjbgrf pfrift nf cbgrf uj arbngfjt nf pretej L/* M‗fst mf arbngfjt nf pretejs L/ qug pfrift hb trbjsceribtgej nu ngbmgnf fj iejebmgnf*
m* Hb rfspgrbtgej* Hfs `bmtçrgfs utghgsbjt hb rfspgrbtgej pfuvfjt rçaçjçrfr hf JBN/* Fhhfs exynfjt hf pyruvbtf*
+ Hf mymhf nfs bmgnfs trgmbr`exyhgqufs 9 mymhf nf Orf`s* Exy Exynbtg nbtgej ej nu pyru pyruvb vbtf tf fj Bmçt Bmçty yhMeB hMeB 9 nçmb nçmbr` r`ex exy yhbtg hbtgej ej qug qug s‗bm s‗bmme meip ipba bajf jf nf hb trbjsceribtgej nu JBN/ fj JBNL*
]mlçib 6
> exynbtgejs ; = JBNL ft 2 CBNL0 B mlbquf teur nf mymhf ; 0 nçmbr`exyhbtgejs summçssgvfs ft > exynbtgejs summfssgvfs* @ghbj ; 2 A^T prenugt* Hf pyruvbtf b tetbhfifjt çtç exynç fj ME0 qug fts nçabaç* Tyruvbtf = ME0 6 JBNL ,9 CBNL0' ,hfs > nu mymhf / 2 nu pyruvbtf' 2 B^T ,9 A^T'
+ Mlbêjf nf trbjspertfurs n‗çhfmtrejs ft%eu L/* Hfs `bmtçrgfs mbpb`hfs nf prbtgqufr hb rfspgrbtgej ngspesfjt bu jgvfbu nf hb i` M´P ujf mlbgjf n‗çhfmtrej ft%eu pretejs* smlçib 3 Meiifjt trbjspertfr hfs pretejs nu JBNL vfrs hfs butrfs iehçmuhfs 5
7
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 6 Mlbgjf nf trbjspertfurs n‗f) ft nf pretejs ä pbrtgr nf h‗exynbtgej nu JBNL* Mfttf mlbgjf iìjf ä uj bmmfptfur cgjbh ; E0* Ibgs mfttf mlbêjf jf iìjf pbs ä hb prenumtgej nf `fbumeup n‗çjfragf* tlçergf mlgigelesietgquf nnf Igtmlfhh* Gh cbut ujf mlbgjf nf trbjspertfur n‗f) sfuh ft ujf mlbgjf nf trbjspertfur n‗f) ft nf L/* Ej pbssf pbssf n‗uj n‗uj nejj nejjfu furr cert cert ,trìs ,trìs çhfm çhfmtr tre e jçab jçabtg tgvf vfif ifjt jt mlbra mlbraç' ç' ä uj bmmfp bmmfptf tfur ur cert cert ,çhfmtrepesgtgvfifjt mlbraç'* Gh vb y bvegr ujf certf mejmfjtrbtgej fj L/ ä h‗fxt nf hb m´ mf qug vb mrçfr uj arbngfjt nf L/* Hfs L/ vejt bhers rçfjtrfr ns hb m´ vgb h‗B^Tbsf i`P qug prenugt `mp n‗JPK* Hb cermf pretej)ietrgmf vb nejm pfrifttrf nf prenugrf nf h‗çjfragf*
+ Hb rfspgrbtgej rfspgrbt gej bçre`gf ;
vegr smlçib nf `geml 2* ,bvfm hfs > meiphfxfs'* Eu pehy* M‗fst hf systìif nf trbjspertfur quf h‗ej treuvf nbjs hb igtemlejnrgf* H‗bmmfptfur cgjbh fst h‗E0* Hb plespleryhbtgej exynbtgvf ,B^T'* Meiphfxf G 9 JBNL nfslynreaçjbsf Hf meiphfxf e÷ hf JBnL vb s‗exynfr fj JBN/* Hf CIJ vb trbjspertfr hfs L/ ft f) ft vb nfvfjgr CIJL0* CIJ CIJL0 CIJ 9 chbvgjf iejejumhçetgnf* Tugs hf meiphfxf fst trbjscçrçr ä uj meiphfxf cfr%seucrf* ]fuh hfs f) mej trbjscçrfr ä mf meiphfxf Cf%]* R 9 qugjejf ; ejt hb mbpbmgtç nf R RL0* Hf 0ìif meiphfxf bssemgçf fst hf meiphfxf GG 9 summgjbtf nfslynreaçjbsf* CBN CBNL0 CBN 9 Chbvgjf bnçjgjf ngjumhçetgnf* CBN CBNL0
]ummgjbtf
Cuibrbtf
¹ E0 / 0 f) / 0L/ L0E JBNL / L/ JBN/ / 0L/ / 0f) JBNL / L/ / L0E0 JBN/ / L0E / B^T 0 typfs nf i´ gjtfrvgfjjfjt nbjs hb mlbgjf nf trbjspertfurs nf f) ft L/ ; ) nejjfur%bmmfptfur ; f)
24
Igmre`geheagf 2 ; @bmtçrgeheagf ; Mlbpgtrf 6 Mytemlreifs ; b( `( m( n( e* Bu mfjtrf nf mfs iehçmuhfs( gh y b ujf bssemgbtgej bvfm uj içtbh bssemgç ,svt Cf0/ eu Cf=/'* M‗fst hf jeybu perplyrgjf qug mejtgfjt mf içtbh* Gh y b uj veybaf n‗f) Cf0/ Cf=/ / 2f) Meiphfxf Cf%] ; Cf0%]0 eu Cf>%]>* Hf cfr fst hf mecbmtfur mfjtrbh nfs trbjscfrt n‗f)* ) Nejjfur % bmmfptfur nf pretejs L/ ft f) ; Chbvgjf ,Cp' ,rg`echbvgjf' CIJ ; Chbvgjf iejejumhçetgnf % CIJL0 CBN ; Chbvgjf Bnçjgjf ngjumhçetgnf ; CBN / 0L/ / 0 f) CBNL0 Mefjzyif R 24 ; V`gqugjejf ,nçrgvf nf vgtbigjf' VR / 0f) / 0L/ VRL0 Gh y b ujf summfssgej nf > meiphfxfs summfssgcs ; ) meiphfxf G ; JBNL nçslynreaçjbsf ; ) 2 meiphfxf CIJ ) 00 ä 06 meiphfxfs Cf%] JBNL / L/ JBN/ / 0f) / 0L/ CIJ CIJL0
vegr cfughhf nf meurs*
22
