AWS SFA-5.29 SPECIFICATION FOR LOW-ALLOY STEEL ELECTRODES FOR FLUX CORED ARC WELDING

SPECIF SPECIFICAT ICATION ION FOR LOW-ALL LOW-ALLOY OY STEEL STEEL ELEC ELECTR TROD ODES ES FOR FOR FLUX FLUX CORE CORED D ARC WELD WELDING ING SFA-5.29 (Identical (Identical with AWS Specification Specification A5.29-98.) A5.29-98.)

1.

(f) A 387/A 387M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium Chromium Molybdenu Molybdenum m 514/A A 514M 514M,, Specifica (g) A 514/ Specificatio tion n for High-Y High-Yiel ield d Streng Strength, th, Quench Quenched ed and Temper Tempered ed Alloy Alloy Steel Steel Plate, Plate, Suitable Suitable for Welding Welding (h) A 537/A 537M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Plates, Heat Treated, Treated, Carbon-Ma Carbon-Mangan nganeseese-Silico Silicon n Steel (i) A 588/A 588M, Specification Specification for High-Stren High-Strength gth Low-Alloy Structural Steel with 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield Point to 4 in. [100 mm] Thick 29, Practic (j) E 29, Practicee for Using Using Signifi Significan cantt Digits Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications (k) E 142, Standard Test Methods Methods for Controlling Controlling 142, Standard Quality Quality of Radiograp Radiographic hic Testing Testing (l) E 350, Standard ard Test Test Method Methodss for Chemic Chemical al 350, Stand Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical trical Steel, Steel, Ingot Ingot Iron, Iron, and Wrough Wroughtt Iron Iron

Scope

This This specifi specificat cation ion prescr prescribe ibess requir requireme ements nts for the classification of low-alloy steel electrodes for flux cored arc welding (FCAW). Metal cored low-alloy steel electrodes trodes are classified according according to ANSI/AWS ANSI/AWS A5.28A5.28 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Filler Metals for 96, 1 Gas Shield Shielded ed Arc Weldin Welding g. Iron Iron is the only elemen elementt whos whosee cont conten entt exce exceed edss 10.5 10.5 perc percen entt in weld weld meta metall produced produced using electrodes electrodes classified classified by this document. document.

PART PART A — GENERA GENERAL L REQUIR REQUIREME EMENTS NTS 2.

Norm Normat ativ ivee Refe Refere renc nces es

2.1 ASTM Standards.2 The following ASTM standards are referenced in the mandatory sections of this document: 36/A 36M, 36M, Specifica (a) A 36/A Specification tion for Carbon Carbon StrucStructural Steel (b) A 203/A 203M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Plates, Alloy Steel, Nickel (c) A 204/A 204M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Plates, Alloy Steel, Molybdenum Molybdenum (d) A 285/A 285M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Plates, Carbon Carbon Steel, Low- and Intermedia Intermediate-Te te-Tensile nsile Strength (e) A 302/A 302M, Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel

following ing ANSI/A ANSI/AWS WS 2.2 AWS AWS Standa Standards rds.. The follow standards standards are reference referenced d in the mandatory mandatory sections of this document: document: (a) ANSI/AWS Filler Metal Metal Procur Procureme ement nt ANSI/AWS A5.01, A5.01, Filler Guidelines (b) ANSI/AWS A4.3, Standard Methods for Determination of the Diffusible Hydrogen Hydrogen Content of MartenMartensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding Welding (c) ANSI/AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical ical Testing Testing of Welds Welds (d) ANSI/ASC Safety in Weldin Welding, g, Cutting Cutting,, ANSI/ASC Z49.1, Z49.1, Safety and Allied Processes Processes 2.3 MIL Standards. Standards.3 The following following MIL standard standard is referenced in the mandatory sections of this document:

1

AWS standards can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126. 33126.

2 ASTM

standards standards can be obtained obtained from the American American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.

3

MIL standards are available from contracting activity or as directed by contracting activity.

597

A99

SFA-5.29

1998 1998 SECTIO SECTION N II

TABLE 1 TENSION TEST REQUIREMENTS Yield Strength @ 0.2% Offset, Min.

Tensile Strength Range

% Elongation in 2 in. (51 mm)

AWS Classificationa

ksi

MPa

ksi

MPa

Min.

E6XTX-X, -XM E7XTX-X, -XM E8XTX-X, -XM E9XTX-X, -XM E10XTX-X, -XM E10XTX-K9, -K9M E11XTX-X, -XM E12XTX-X, -XM

60–80 70–90 80–100 90–110 100–120 (c) 110–130 120–140

410–550 480–620 550–690 620–760 690–830 (c) 760–900 830–970

50 58 68 78 88 82–97 98 108

340 400 470 540 610 560–670 680 745

22 20 19 17 16 18 15 14

EXXTX-G(b) EXXTG-X(b) EXXTG-G(b)

Properties as agreed upon between supplier and purchaser

NOTES: (a) The “X’s” in actual classification designations will be replaced with appropriate designators designators for usability characteristics specified in Table 3 and for chemical composition as specified in Table 4. (b) Placement Placement of a “G” in this designatio designation n indicates indicates those properties properties that have been agreed upon between between the supplier supplier and purchaser. purchaser. Other propertie propertiess are dictated by the digit(s) or suffix suffix replacing replacing the X. Variation Variationss used in this specificatio specification n include include the following: following: (1) EXXTX-G — Alloy requirements are as agreed upon. The mechanical properties and slag system are as indicated by the digits used. (2) EXXTG-X — The slag system and shielding gas are as agreed upon. Mechanical properties and alloy requirements conform to those indicated by the digits. (3) EXXTG-G EXXTG-G — The slag system, system, shielding shielding gas, and alloy requirement requirementss are as agreed agreed upon. upon. Mechanical Mechanical properties properties conform to those those indicated by the digits. (c) For this classification, classification, E10XTX-K9, E10XTX-K9, K9M, the “10” is an approximati approximation on of the tensile strength, strength, not a requiremen requirement. t.

3.3 The electrodes classified under this specification are are inte intend nded ed for for FCAW FCAW eith either er with with or witho without ut an external external shielding shielding gas. Electrodes intended for use without external shielding gas, gas, or with the shielding shielding gases specifie specified d in Table Table 3, are not prohibited from use with any other process or shield shielding ing gas for which which they they are found found suitab suitable. le.

(a) MIL-S-16216, Specification for Steel Plate, Alloy, Structural, Structural, High Yield Strength (HY-80 and HY-100) HY-100)

3.

Clas Classi sific ficat atio ion n

3.1 The electrodes covered by this specification are classified classified according according to the following: following: mechanica icall proper properties ties of the weld weld metal, metal, as (a) the mechan specifi specified ed in Tables Tables 1 and 2; (b) certain certain usability usability character characteristics istics of the electrode, electrode, as specified in Table 3; (c) the positions of welding for which the electrodes are suitable suitable,, as specifi specified ed in Table Table 3; and (d) chemical composition of the weld metal, as specified fied in Tabl Tablee 4.

4.

Acce Accept ptan ance ce

Accept Acceptanc ancee of the weldin welding g electr electrode odess shall shall be in accordanc accordancee with the provisions provisions of ANSI/AWS ANSI/AWS A5.01, A5.01, Filler Metal Procureme Procurement nt Guidelines Guidelines.

3.2 Electrodes 3.2 Electrodes classified under one classification shall not be classi classified fied under under any other other classi classifica ficatio tion n in this specification. However, gas shielded electrodes may be classi classified fied with 100 percen percentt CO2 shield shielding ing gas, gas, 75 to 80 percent percent argon/bala argon/balance nce CO2 shieldi shielding ng gas or both. both. The ‘‘M’’ designator means that the electrode has been classi classified fied with a 75 to 80 percen percentt argon/ argon/bal balanc ancee CO2 shielding shielding gas mixture. mixture.

5.

Cert Certifi ifica cati tion on

By affixing the AWS Specification and Classification design designatio ations ns to the packag packaging ing,, or the classi classifica fication tion designatio designations ns to the product, product, the manufactur manufacturer er certifies certifies 598

SFA-5.29

1998 1998 SECTIO SECTION N II

TABLE 1 TENSION TEST REQUIREMENTS Yield Strength @ 0.2% Offset, Min.

Tensile Strength Range

% Elongation in 2 in. (51 mm)

AWS Classificationa

ksi

MPa

ksi

MPa

Min.

E6XTX-X, -XM E7XTX-X, -XM E8XTX-X, -XM E9XTX-X, -XM E10XTX-X, -XM E10XTX-K9, -K9M E11XTX-X, -XM E12XTX-X, -XM

60–80 70–90 80–100 90–110 100–120 (c) 110–130 120–140

410–550 480–620 550–690 620–760 690–830 (c) 760–900 830–970

50 58 68 78 88 82–97 98 108

340 400 470 540 610 560–670 680 745

22 20 19 17 16 18 15 14

EXXTX-G(b) EXXTG-X(b) EXXTG-G(b)

Properties as agreed upon between supplier and purchaser

NOTES: (a) The “X’s” in actual classification designations will be replaced with appropriate designators designators for usability characteristics specified in Table 3 and for chemical composition as specified in Table 4. (b) Placement Placement of a “G” in this designatio designation n indicates indicates those properties properties that have been agreed upon between between the supplier supplier and purchaser. purchaser. Other propertie propertiess are dictated by the digit(s) or suffix suffix replacing replacing the X. Variation Variationss used in this specificatio specification n include include the following: following: (1) EXXTX-G — Alloy requirements are as agreed upon. The mechanical properties and slag system are as indicated by the digits used. (2) EXXTG-X — The slag system and shielding gas are as agreed upon. Mechanical properties and alloy requirements conform to those indicated by the digits. (3) EXXTG-G EXXTG-G — The slag system, system, shielding shielding gas, and alloy requirement requirementss are as agreed agreed upon. upon. Mechanical Mechanical properties properties conform to those those indicated by the digits. (c) For this classification, classification, E10XTX-K9, E10XTX-K9, K9M, the “10” is an approximati approximation on of the tensile strength, strength, not a requiremen requirement. t.

3.3 The electrodes classified under this specification are are inte intend nded ed for for FCAW FCAW eith either er with with or witho without ut an external external shielding shielding gas. Electrodes intended for use without external shielding gas, gas, or with the shielding shielding gases specifie specified d in Table Table 3, are not prohibited from use with any other process or shield shielding ing gas for which which they they are found found suitab suitable. le.

(a) MIL-S-16216, Specification for Steel Plate, Alloy, Structural, Structural, High Yield Strength (HY-80 and HY-100) HY-100)

3.

Clas Classi sific ficat atio ion n

3.1 The electrodes covered by this specification are classified classified according according to the following: following: mechanica icall proper properties ties of the weld weld metal, metal, as (a) the mechan specifi specified ed in Tables Tables 1 and 2; (b) certain certain usability usability character characteristics istics of the electrode, electrode, as specified in Table 3; (c) the positions of welding for which the electrodes are suitable suitable,, as specifi specified ed in Table Table 3; and (d) chemical composition of the weld metal, as specified fied in Tabl Tablee 4.

4.

Acce Accept ptan ance ce

Accept Acceptanc ancee of the weldin welding g electr electrode odess shall shall be in accordanc accordancee with the provisions provisions of ANSI/AWS ANSI/AWS A5.01, A5.01, Filler Metal Procureme Procurement nt Guidelines Guidelines.

3.2 Electrodes 3.2 Electrodes classified under one classification shall not be classi classified fied under under any other other classi classifica ficatio tion n in this specification. However, gas shielded electrodes may be classi classified fied with 100 percen percentt CO2 shield shielding ing gas, gas, 75 to 80 percent percent argon/bala argon/balance nce CO2 shieldi shielding ng gas or both. both. The ‘‘M’’ designator means that the electrode has been classi classified fied with a 75 to 80 percen percentt argon/ argon/bal balanc ancee CO2 shielding shielding gas mixture. mixture.

5.

Cert Certifi ifica cati tion on

By affixing the AWS Specification and Classification design designatio ations ns to the packag packaging ing,, or the classi classifica fication tion designatio designations ns to the product, product, the manufactur manufacturer er certifies certifies 598

PART PART C — SPECIF SPECIFICA ICATIO TIONS NS FOR WELDING WELDING RODS, RODS, ELECTRODES, ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS

SFA-5.29

TABLE 2 IMPACT REQUIREMENTS Classification

Conditiona

Min. Impact Strength Strengthb

E8XT1-A1, -A1M E7XT5-A1, -A1M E8XT1-B1, -B1M E8XT1-B1L, -B1LM E8XT1-B2, -B2M E8XT5-B2, -B2M E8XT1-B2H, B2HM E8XT1-B2L, -B2LM E8XT5-B2L, -B2LM E8XT5-B6(c), -B6M E8XT5-B6L(c), -B6LM E8XT5-B8(c), -B8M E8XT5-B8L(c), -B8LM E9XT1-B3, -B3M E9XT5-B3, -B3M E10XT1-B3, -B3M E9XT1-B3L, -B3LM E9XT1-B3H, -B3HM E6XT1-Ni1, -Ni1M E7XT6-Ni1 E7XT8-Ni1 E8XT1-Ni1, -Ni1M E8XT5-Ni1, -Ni1M E7XT8-Ni2 E8XT8-Ni2 E8XT1-Ni2, -Ni2M E8XT5-Ni2(d), -Ni2M -Ni2M(d) E9XT1-Ni2, -Ni2M E8XT5-Ni3(d), -Ni3M -Ni3M(d) E8XT11-Ni3 E9XT5-Ni3(d), -Ni3M -Ni3M(d) E9XT1-D1, -D1M E9XT5-D2, -D2M E10XT5-D2, -D2M E9XT1-D3, -D3M E8XT5-K1, -K1M E7XT7-K2 E7XT4-K2 E7XT8-K2 E8XT1-K2, -K2M E9XT1-K2, -K2M E8XT5-K2, -K2M E7XT11-K2 E9XT5-K2, -K2M E10XT1-K3, -K3M E11XT1-K3, -K3M E10XT5-K3, -K3M E11XT5-K3, -K3M E11XT1-K4, -K4M E11XT5-K4, -K4M E12XT5-K4, -K4M E12XT1-K5, -K5M E7XT5-K6, -K6M E6XT8-K6 E7XT8-K6 E10XT1-K7, -K7M E9XT8-K8 E10XT1-K9, -K9M E8XT1-W2, -W2M

PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT PWHT AW AW AW AW PWHT AW AW AW PWHT AW PWHT AW PWHT AW PWHT PWHT AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW AW

Not Required 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required Not Required 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −60°F (27 J @ −51°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −40°F (27 J @ −40°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −75°F (27 J @ −60°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −40°F (27 J @ −40°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −100°F (27 J @ −73°C) 20 ft · lbf @ 0°F (27 J @ −18°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −100°F (27 J @ −73°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −40°F (27 J @ −40°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −60°F (27 J @ −51°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −40°F (27 J @ −40°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −40°F (27 J @ −40°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ 0°F (27 J @ −18°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ 0°F (27 J @ −18°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ +32°F (27 J @ 0°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −60°F (27 J @ −51°C) 20 ft · lbf @ 0°F (27 J @ −18°C) 20 ft · lbf @ 0°F (27 J @ −18°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −60°F (27 J @ −51°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −60°F (27 J @ −51°C) 20 ft · lbf @ 0°F (27 J @ −18°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −60°F (27 J @ −51°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −60°F (27 J @ −51°C) Not Required 20 ft · lbf @ −75°F (27 J @ −60°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −60°F (27 J @ −51°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −60°F (47 J @ −51°C) 20 ft · lbf @ −20°F (27 J @ −29°C)

599

SFA-5.29

1998 SECTION II

TABLE 2 (CON’T) IMPACT REQUIREMENTS Conditiona

Min. Impact Strengthb

Not Specifiede

Not Specified e

Classification EXXXTX-G EXXXTG-G EXXXTG-X

NOTES: a. AW As welded. PWHT Postweld heat treated in accordance with Table 8. b. Electrodes with the optional supplemental impact designator “J” shall meet the 20 ft · lbf (27 J) requirement at a test temperature of 20°F (11°C) lower than the temperature shown above. For example, an E81T1-Ni1MJ would meet the 20 ft · lbf (27 J) requirement at −40°F (−40°C). c. These electrodes are presently also Classified E502TX-X or E505TX-X in AWS A5.22-95. With the next revision of A5.22, they will be removed and exclusively listed in this specification. d. PWHT temperatures in excess 1150°F (620°C) will decrease the impact value. e. See Table 1, Note b. p

p

that the product meets the requirements of this specification.4 6.

the mechanical properties, soundness, the chemical composition of the weld metal, and usability of the electrode. The base metal for the weld test assemblies, the welding and testing procedures to be employed, and the results required are given in Sections 9 through 14. The optional supplemental test for diffusible hydrogen in Section 15 is not required for classification, but is included for an optional electrode designation as agreed to between the purchaser and supplier. Another optional supplemental designator (J) may be used to indicate Charpy impact testing at lower than standard temperature.

Units of Measure and Rounding-Off Procedure

6.1 U.S. Customary Units are the standard units of measure in this specification. The SI Units are given as equivalent values to the U.S. Customary Units. The standard sizes and dimensions in the two systems are not identical and, for this reason, conversion from a standard size or dimension in one system will not always coincide with a standard size or dimension in the other. Suitable conversions, encompassing standard sizes of both, can be made, however, if appropriate tolerances are applied in each case.

8.

If any test fails to meet the requirement, that test shall be repeated twice. The results of both retests shall meet the requirement. Specimens for the retest may be taken from the original test assembly or from a new test assembly. For chemical analysis, retest need be only for those specific elements that failed to meet their test requirement. If the results of one or both retests fail to meet the requirement, the material under test shall be considered as not meeting the requirements of this specification for that classification. In the event that, during preparation or after completion of any test, it is clearly determined that prescribed or proper procedures were not followed in preparing the weld test assembly or test specimen(s), or in conducting the tests, the test shall be considered invalid, without regard to whether the test was actually completed, or whether test results met, or failed to meet, the requirement. That test shall be repeated, following proper prescribed procedures. In this case, the requirement for doubling the number of test specimens does not apply.

6.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, an observed or calculated value shall be rounded to the ‘‘nearest unit’’ in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value for quantities in the appropriate tables in accordance with the rounding-off method given in ASTM E 29, Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications.

PART B — TESTS, PROCEDURES, AND REQUIREMENTS 7.

Retest

Summary of Tests

The tests required for each classification are specified in Table 5. The purpose of these tests is to determine 4

See Section A4, Certification (in the Annex), for further information concerning certification and the testing called for to meet this requirement.

600

PART C — SPECIFICATIONS FOR WELDING RODS, ELECTRODES, AND FILLER METALS

SFA-5.29

TABLE 3 POSITION OF WELDING, SHIELDING, POLARITY, AND APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS AWS Classificationa

Positionb, c of Welding

External Shieldingd

Polaritye

Applicationf

EX0T1-X EX0T1-XM EX1T1-X EX1T1-XM EX0T4-X EX0T5-X EX0T5-XM EX1T5-X EX1T5-XM EX0T6-X EX0T7-X EX1T7-X EX0T8-X EX1T8-X EXXT1-K9 EXXT1-K9M EX0T11-X EX1T11-X EX0TG-X EX1TG-X

H, F H, F H, F, VU, OH H, F, VU, OH H, F H, F H, F H, F, VU, OH H, F, VU, OH H, F H, F H, F, VU, OH H, F H, F, VU, or VD, OHi VU, H, F, OH VU, H, F, OH H, F H, F, VD, OH H, F H, F, VU or VD, OH

CO2 75–80%Ar/bal CO2 CO2 75–80%Ar/bal CO 2 None CO2 75–80%Ar/bal CO2 CO2 75–80%Ar/bal CO 2 None None None None None CO2 75–80%Ar/bal CO2 None None — —

DCEP DCEP DCEP DCEP DCEP DCEP DCEP DCEP or DCENg DCEP or DCENg DCEP DCEN DCEN DCEN DCEN DCEP DCEP DCEN DCEN Not Specified h Not Specified h

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M — —

NOTES: a. The “X” indicates the tensile strength and chemical composition. b. H Horizontal position F Flat position OH Overhead position VU Vertical position with upward progression VD Vertical position with downward progression c. Electrode sizes suitable for welding in all positions usually are those sizes that are smaller than the 3 ⁄ 32 in. (2.4 mm) or nearest size called for in 9.4.1 for the groove weld. For that reason, electrodes meeting the requirements for the groove weld tests and fillet weld tests may be classified as EX1TX-X or EX1TX-XM (where X represents the tensile strength and usability designator) regardless of their size. See Section A7 and Figure A1 in the Annex for more information. d. Properties of weld metal from electrodes that are used with external gas shielding (EXXT1-X, EXXT1-XM, EXXT5-X, and EXXT5-XM) vary according to the shielding gas employed. Electrodes classified with the specified shielding gas should not be used with other shielding gases without first consulting the manufacturer of the electrode. e. The term DCEP refers to direct current electrode positive (dc, reverse polarity). The term DCEN refers to direct current electrode negative (dc, straight polarity). f. M single and multipass. g. Some EX1T5-X and EX1T5-XM electrodes may be recommended for use on DCEN for improved out-of-position welding. Consult the manufacturer for the recommended polarity. h. See Table 1, footnote (b). i. Per manufacturer’s recommendations. p

p

p

p

p

p

9.

Weld Test Assemblies

or from a corresponding location (or any location above it) in the weld metal in the groove weld in Fig. 2, thereby avoiding the need to make the weld pad. In case of dispute, the weld pad shall be the referee method.

9.1 Two or three weld test assemblies are required, depending on the classification of the electrode and the manner in which the tests are conducted. They are as follows: (a) the weld pad shown in Fig. 1 for chemical analysis of the undiluted weld metal, (b) the groove weld shown in Fig. 2 for mechanical properties and soundness of the weld metal, and (c) the fillet weld shown in Fig. 3, for usability of the electrode. The sample for chemical analysis may be taken from the reduced section of the fractured tension test specimen

9.2 Preparation of each weld test assembly shall be as prescribed in 9.3, 9.4, and 9.5. The base metal for each assembly shall be as required in Table 6 and shall meet the requirements of any of the ASTM specifications shown there, or an equivalent specification. Testing of the assemblies shall be as prescribed in Sections 10 through 14. 601

SFA-5.29

1998 SECTION II u C

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5 0 . 0

5 1 . 0 – 0 1 . 0

2 1 . 0 – 5 0 . 0

5 2 2 1 1 . 1 . . 0 0 0 – – – 5 0 5 5 5 5 0 . 1 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 1 . 0

2 1 . 0

1 5 3 3 0 0 2 2 5 5 W W

1 5 3 3 1 1 2 2 5 5 W W

1 3 2 2 5 W

1 5 1 3 3 3 0 0 0 3 3 3 5 5 5 W W W

1 1 1 0 1 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 4 4 3 3 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 W W W W W W

8 6 3 3 0 0 1 1 2 2 W W

1 1 5 3 3 3 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 W W W

M M M 3 3 3 B B - B - , , , 3 3 3 B B - B - 1 1 5 T T T X X X 0 9 9 1 E E E

s e d M M M M o r L H L M L t 3 3 M 6 8 8 c 6 e B l B B B - - B - B - E , , , , l , , L H d L d L e 1 1 i i 3 3 6 6 8 8 e t N N B - B - B - B - B - B - S - 1 1 5 5 5 5 l 8 6 e T T T T T T T T k X X X X X X c X X 9 9 8 8 8 8 i 7 7 E E E E E E N E E

M M M 1 i 1 i 1 i N - N - N , , , 1 1 1 i i i N - N - N 1 1 5 T T T X X X 6 8 8 E E E

n M

C

s e d 1 s 1 1 r o 5 3 3 e 3 3 e r S b t 0 0 d 0 1 N m c 7 o 1 1 e 7 1 1 r 5 5 t U u l c N E e W W l W W l e E e t m S u n n m M e o u L i t n M M d 1 M b a e 1 1 l y 1 B c d i A A B o f b - , i y s l M , , , L s - 1 1 a o 1 1 m l - A - i - B u B C M - A 5 1 1 n S o T T m T 1 T W b r X X o r X X A a 7 8 h 8 8 C E E C E E b

0 0 A

—

M M 2 2 B - B , , 2 2 B - B 1 5 T T X X 8 8 E E

M M L L 2 2 B - B , , L L 2 2 B - B 1 5 T T X X 8 8 E E

M H 2 B , H 2 B 1 T X 8 E

602


L A T E M D L E W D a t E n T e c U r e L I P t D h g N i U e W ) R O D ’ F T N S O T N C ( E 4 M E E L R B I A U T Q E R N O I T I S O P M O C L A C I M E H C

u C

—

c l A

—

V

—

—

8 . 1

—

— — —

—

—

—

—

8 . — — 1

—

—

—

—

— — —

—

—

—

o M

—

—

— — —

r C

—

—

— — —

5 5 . 0 – 5 2 . 0

5 5 . 0 – 5 2 . 0

—

—

5 6 . 0 – 0 4 . 0

—

5 0 . 0

—

8 . 1 5 0 . 0

SFA-5.29

—

—

—

—

5 0 . 0

5 0 . 0

5 6 . 0 – 0 2 . 0

5 3 . 0

5 3 . 0

5 6 . 0 – 5 2 . 0

5 1 . 0

5 1 . 0

5 1 . 0

5 1 . 0

0 1 . 1 – 0 8 . 0

0 0 . 2 – 0 0 . 1

0 0 . 2 – 0 0 . 1

0 6 . 2 – 5 2 . 1

5 7 . 2 – 5 7 . 1

5 7 . 2 – 5 7 . 1

5 5 5 7 . 7 . 7 . 3 3 3 – – – 5 5 5 7 . 7 . 7 . 2 2 2

0 8 . 0

0 8 . 0

0 0 0 8 . 8 . 8 . 0 0 0

0 8 . 0

0 8 . 0

0 8 . 0

0 8 . 0

0 8 . 0

0 8 . 0

0 8 . 0

S

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 3 3 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

P

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 3 3 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

0 0 . 2 – 5 2 . 1

5 2 . 2 5 6 . 1

5 7 . 1 – 0 0 . 1

0 4 . 1 – 0 8 . 0

5 7 . 1 – 0 5 . 0

5 7 . 1 – 0 5 . 0

5 2 . 2 – 5 7 . 0

5 1 . 0

2 1 . 0

5 1 . 0

5 1 . 0

5 1 . 0

5 1 . 0

4 7 8 9 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 W W W W

1 1 5 5 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 W W W W

1 1 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 W W W W

, 2 2 2 2 K K K K - - - 1 4 7 8 1 T T T T X X X X 7 7 7 7 E E E E

M M M M 2 2 2 2 K - K - K - K , , , , 2 2 2 2 K - K - K - K 1 1 5 5 T T T T X X X X 8 9 8 9 E E E E

M M M M 3 3 3 3 K - K - K - K , , , , 3 3 3 3 K - K - K - K 1 1 5 5 T X T T X T X X 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 E E E E

i N

i S

n M

C

0 5 . 1

0 5 . 1

0 0 0 5 . 5 . 5 . 1 1 1

2 1 . 0

2 1 . 0

2 2 2 2 1 . 1 . 1 . s 1 . 0 0 0 e 0 d o r t c 1 5 5 9 l 3 3 3 e 3 0 0 0 E 1 3 3 3 l 9 2 2 2 e 1 e W W W W t S m u n e d M M b 3 i 3 y M i l o 1 N N - D M , , 3 - , 3 i 3 i e i N s 1 - e N N D - - 1 5 5 1 n a 1 T T T g T X X X n X 8 9 8 a 9 E E E M E

1 5 1 3 3 ) 3 0 0 0 d 2 2 ’ t 2 2 n 2 2 o W W W C ( s e d o n r o t M M i t c i 2 M 2 e 2 i a c l N N i i E N f i l , , , s s e 2 2 2 i i i a e t N N N l C S - 1 5 1 S l e T T T W k c 8 X X A i X 8 9 N E E E b

r e S b N m U u N

—

8 8 3 3 0 0 2 2 2 2 W W

2 i 2 i N - N 8 8 T T X X 7 8 E E

—

5 5 3 3 2 2 9 9 1 1 W W

M M 2 2 D D - , , 2 2 D D - 5 5 T T X X 0 9 1 E E

603

—

s e 1 d 5 3 o 3 3 r 1 t 9 c e 1 1 l 2 W E W l e e t S y o l M l M 3 A - 1 D w - o K , , 3 L 1 r D K - e 1 h t 5 T O T X l X 9 l 8 E A E

SFA-5.29

1998 SECTION II

L A T E M D L E W D a t E n T e c U r e L I P t D h g N i U e W ) R O D ’ F T N S O T N C ( E 4 M E E L R B I A U T Q E R N O I T I S O P M O C L A C I M E H C

u C

—

— —

5 7 . 0 – — — — — 6 0 0 . 3 . 0 0

c l A

—

8 . — 1

8 8 . . — — 1 — — 1

e

e

V

3 0 . 0

5 0 . 0

5 0 . 0

5 0 . 0

5 5 0 0 1 — . 0 . — . 0 0 0

o M

5 6 . 0 – 0 2 . 0

5 5 . 0 – 5 1 . 0

5 1 . 0

5 1 . 0

e — 0 0 — 0 2 5 2 . . . 0 0 0

r C

0 6 . 0 – 0 2 . 0

0 7 . 0 – 0 2 . 0

0 2 . 0

0 2 . 0

0 7 . 0 – e — 0 0 5 0 2 . 2 . 4 . 3 . 0 0 0 0

i N

0 6 . 2 – 5 7 . 1

0 0 . 2 – 5 7 . 0

0 0 . 1 – 0 4 . 0

0 0 . 1 – 0 4 . 0

5 0 5 0 7 . 5 . 7 . 8 . 2 1 3 0 – – – – e 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 5 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 2 0 1 0 0

0 8 . 0

0 8 . 0

0 8 . 0

0 8 . 0 – e 0 0 0 0 5 0 8 . 8 . 4 . 6 . 3 . 8 . 0 0 0 0 0 0

S

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

5 3 3 3 1 3 3 0 0 0 . . . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0

P

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

5 3 3 3 1 3 3 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0

n M

5 2 . 2 – 0 2 . 1

0 6 . 1 – 0 6 . 0

0 5 . 1 – 0 5 . 0

0 5 . 1 – 0 5 . 0

5 2 . 0 – 0 1 . 0

5 1 . 0

5 1 . 0

1 3 6 1 2 W

8 8 4 4 0 0 1 1 2 2 W W

5 4 0 1 2 W

6 6 K - K 8 8 T T X X 6 7 E E

M 6 K , 6 K 5 T X 7 E

i S

C ) d 5 ’ t . n 1 o 0 C ( s e b 1 5 5 r d 3 3 3 e o r S b 2 2 2 t N m c 2 2 2 e 2 2 2 U u l N E W W W l e e t S n y o l o M M i t l M 4 4 4 a A c - K i - K - K f w i , , , o s 4 4 4 s a L l - K - K r K C e 1 5 5 h T T S t X X T X W O l 1 1 2 A l 1 1 1 A E E E

M 5 K , 5 K 1 T X 2 1 E

604

5 0 0 0 7 . 0 . 5 . 3 . 1 2 1 1 – – – – e 0 0 0 0 5 0 . 0 . 5 . 5 . 7 . 1 1 0 0 1

. , g n m e i t d l y e s s W g a c r l A s , s n e a t g s g g n n u i d l T e s a i h G S . r e o l f b s a d o t s R i h t d e n r o i C d e t x s u i l l F s l t e e n e t S m e l s s e e l e n h i a t t f S o e d n n a o t g n s a i e d l l e t . a W n o f c o r i a A t m c i u d f e i m r o c i n i p C e s m x s e u i l F h t h t r o f o e v f a n h s o e i l d t l o a r i c a t s l h c e b l u l a E p t e l g m e n e i t d l S w o e l s l w s o e f l . e ) n 2 d i s t ( a u t 2 . l i X S 5 d g r n n A o u i f f o e c a n h o n t l p i o t , e i s p r a i c u ) i s o ( f v e i r r c g t i e t g p s r G i S i f e d

. s y o l l A d n . a s d e l a t t o e n , h e M 5 e t h e h s r 9 i t f t — o 5 5 7 2 y o b f w 2 1 r . 1 . 0 . 1 . s e m 2 . m o t d 0 0 0 0 h r n e e 5 f t t o s A d e t a y S e m t s e c s S . t i r e e i d y W 1 8 0 1 l g l l u e 5 3 3 3 n i n A d q e u n 0 4 2 1 r o n e r 2 1 3 0 — e s i e r a m b 2 2 2 2 b s e s y u m d r l o i e W W W W l l a m u o i l t e i r a r w p x N t e a d c s e p e p a l h n m i e e o o t o r f d p e s i t t l r i e l n a e a M M M a d c e a U l n i 7 9 2 c s f m i e i e i K K o i s - W u M o n h a t s l t , , , T s a r h a - a 7 9 2 c l c v f S i c l e K K f d e A e e i - 8 - W G / e K l s s : g E s s r m 1 - 1 - X S e o d T 8 T 1 T n A r a h i o l n n X T X T X E T S S F C T I a 0 X 0 X 1 9 1 8 X O . . . . . E E E E E N a b c d e


SFA-5.29

TABLE 5 REQUIRED TESTS AWS Classificationa, b

Chemical Analysis

Radiographic Test

Tension Test (Flat Position)

Impact Test

Fillet Weld Test

Diffusible Hydrogen

EX0TX-X EX1TX-X E10XTX-K9, -K9M

Required Required Required

Required Required Requiredf

Required Required Requiredf

c c c, f

Required Required Required

Optional b Optional b Required

EXXTG-X EXXTX-G EXXTG-G

Required

Required

Requiredd

c

Required

Optional b

NOTES: a. The 0 and 1 before “T” refer to the position of welding for which the electrode is suitable. See A2.2. 0 Horizontal and flat position. 1 All positions (smaller than 3 ⁄ 32 in. [2.4 mm] diameter); i.e., flat, horizontal, overhead, and vertical. See Table 3. b. Electrodes with supplemental toughness requirements, diffusible hydrogen requirements, or both, may be further identified as shown in Tables 2 and 10 and Figure A1. c. The Charpy V-notch impact test is required when the classification in accordance with Table 2 indicates impact requirements. d. Minimum all-weld-metal tensile strength shall match that indicated by the designator being employed. e. As agreed upon between supplier and purchaser. f. Vertical position with upward progression. p p

The electrode size shall be 3 ⁄ 32 in. (2.4 mm) diameter, or the size the manufacturer produces that is closest to 3 ⁄ 32 in. (2.4 mm) diameter, and the welding conditions shall be those listed in Tables 3 and 7 for the classification being tested. Welding shall be in the flat position and the assembly shall be restrained (or preset) during welding to prevent warpage in excess of 5 degrees. An assembly that is warped more than 5 degrees from plane shall be discarded. It shall not be straightened. The test assembly shall be tack welded and shall be heated to the preheat temperature prescribed in Table 8 for the electrode classification being tested before welding begins. Welding shall continue until the assembly has reached the prescribed interpass temperature range in Table 8, measured by temperature indicating crayons or surface thermometers at the location shown in Fig. 2. This interpass temperature shall be maintained for the remainder of the weld. Should it be necessary to interrupt welding, the assembly shall be allowed to cool in still air at room temperature. The assembly shall be heated to a temperature within the prescribed preheat and interpass temperature range in Table 8 before welding is resumed. Test assemblies made with electrodes shown in the PWHT condition in Table 2 shall be postweld heat treated as specified in Table 8. When welding has been completed and the assembly has cooled, the assembly shall be prepared and tested as specified in Sections 11 through 13.

9.3 Weld Pad. A weld pad shall be prepared as shown in Fig. 1 except when, as permitted in 9.1, the sample for analysis is taken from the groove weld or the fractured tension test specimen. Base metal of any convenient size which will satisfy the minimum requirements of Fig. 1 and is of a type specified in Table 6, shall be used as the base for the weld pad. The surface of the base metal on which the filler metal is deposited shall be clean. The pad shall be welded in the flat position with multiple layers to obtain undiluted weld metal (1 ⁄ 2 in. [13 mm] minimum thickness). The electrode size shall be 3 ⁄ 32 in. (2.4 mm) or the size the manufacturer produces closest to 3 ⁄ 32 in. (2.4 mm). The preheat temperature shall not be less than 60°F (16°C), and the interpass temperature shall not exceed 325°F (163°C). The slag shall be removed after each pass. The pad may be quenched in water between passes (temperature unimportant). The dimensions of the completed pad shall be as shown in Fig. 1. Testing of this assembly shall be as specified in Section 10. 9.4 Groove Weld 9.4.1 A test assembly using base metal as specified in Table 6 shall be prepared and welded as shown in Fig. 2. When ASTM A 36 or A 285 base metals are used, the groove faces and the contact face of the backing shall be buttered using an electrode of the same composition as the classification being tested except as noted in Table 6, Note a. If a buttering procedure is used, the layer shall be approximately 1 ⁄ 8 in. (3.2 mm) thick (see Fig. 2, Note 2).

9.5 Fillet Weld. A test assembly shall be prepared and welded as required in Table 5 and specified in Fig. 3, using base metal of the appropriate type specified 605

SFA-5.29

1998 SECTION II

GENERAL NOTES: 1. Base metal of any convenient size, of the type specified in Table 6, shall be used as the base for the weld pad. 2. The surface of the base metal on which the filler metal is to be deposited shall be clean. 3. The pad shall be welded in the flat position with successive layers to obtain undiluted weld metal, using shielding gas and current/polarity as specified in Table 3. 4. The number and size of the beads will vary according to the size of the electrode and the width of the weave, as well as with the amperage employed. The weave should be limited to 6 times the electrode diameter. 5. The preheat temperature shall not be less than 60°F (16°C) and the interpass temperature shall not exceed 325°F (163°C). 6. The test assembly may not be quenched in water (temperature unimportant) between passes to control interpass temperature. 7. The minimum completed pad size shall be that shown above. The sample to be tested in Section 10 shall be taken from weld metal that is at least 3 ⁄ 8 in. (9.5 mm) above the original base metal surface.

FIG. 1 PAD FOR CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF UNDILUTED WELD METAL

in Table 6 for each EX0TX-X classification that requires a test assembly welded in the horizontal position. Each EX1TX-X classification requires two test assemblies, one welded in the vertical position and one welded in the overhead position. The progression for vertical welding may be either upward or downward, depending on the classification (see Table 3).

joint. The test assembly shall be secured with tack welds deposited at each end of the weld joint. The welding procedure and the size of the electrode to be tested shall be as selected by the manufacturer. The fillet weld shall be a single-pass weld deposited in either the semi-automatic or mechanized mode as selected by the manufacturer. The fillet weld size shall not be greater than 3 ⁄ 8 in. (9.5 mm). The fillet weld shall be deposited only on one side of the joint as shown in Fig. 3. Weld cleaning shall be limited to chipping, brushing, and needle scaling. Grinding, filing, or other metal cutting of the fillet weld face is prohibited. The testing of the assembly shall be as specified in Section 14, Fillet Weld Test.

Before assembly, the standing member (web) shall have one edge prepared throughout its length, and the base member (flange) side shall be straight, smooth, and clean. The test plates shall be assembled as shown in Fig. 3. When assembled, the faying surfaces shall be in intimate contact along the entire length of the

606


SFA-5.29

GENERAL NOTES: 1. Prior to welding, the assembly may be preset as shown so that the welded joint will be sufficiently flat to facilitate test specimen removal. As an alternative, restraint or a combination of restraint and preset may be used. 2. When required, edges of the grooves and the contacting face of the backing shall be buttered as shown. Any size of the electrode being tested may be used for buttering. 3. All dimensions except angles are in inches.

FIG. 2 GROOVE WELD TEST ASSEMBLY FOR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SOUNDNESS OF WELD METAL

607

SFA-5.29

1998 SECTION II

GENERAL NOTES: 1. The surfaces to be welded shall be clean. 2. One assembly shall be welded for each position specified in Table 3, using the required shielding gas and polarity to the classification specified. 3. The preheat shall be 60°F (16°C) minimum. 4. A single-pass fillet weld shall be made on one side of the joint. 5. Welding in the vertical position shall be as described in Table 3. 6. Weld cleaning shall be limited to slag chipping, brushing, and needle scaling. Grinding or filing of the weld surface is prohibited. 7. The tests shall be conducted without postweld heat treatment. 8. All dimensions are in inches. 9. If the web and flange thicknesses are less than or equal to 1 ⁄ 4 in. (6.4 mm), the web and flange widths shall be 2 in. (51 mm) min.

FIG. 3 FILLET WELD TEST ASSEMBLY 608


SFA-5.29

TABLE 6 BASE-METAL REQUIREMENTSa Base Metal Weld Metal Designation A1

B1, B3, B6, B8,

B2, B2L, B2H B3L, B3H B6L B8L

ASTM and Military Standardsa

UNS Numberb

A 204, Grade A, B, or C

(A) K11820 (B) K12020 (C) K12320

A A A A

K11789 K21590 S50200 S50400

387, 387, 387, 387,

Grade Grade Grade Grade

11 22 5 9

Ni1 Ni2, Ni3

A 537, Class 1 or 2 A 203, Grade E HY80 or HY100 steel in accordance with MIL-S-16216

K12437 K32018 K31820 or K32045

D1, D2, D3

A 302, Grade A or B

K12021, K12022

W2

A 588, Grade A, B, or C

(A) K11430 (B) K12043 (C) K11538

K1, K3, K4, K5, K7, K9c

A 514, any grade

(A) K11856

HY80 or HY100 steel in accordance with MIL-S-16216

K31820 or K32045

A 537, Class 1 or 2

K12437

K6, K2, K8

NOTES: a. ASTM A 35 or A 285 base metals may be used; however, the joint surfaces shall be buttered (see Figure 2) using any electrode of the same composition as the classification being tested. Buttering is not necessary for EXXT4-X, EXXT6-X, EXXT7-X, EXXT8-X, and EXXT11-X electrodes with 70 ksi tensile strength or lower classification. Buttering is also not required for the fillet weld test. b. SAE/ASTM Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys. c. Buttering not allowed for K9 weld metal designation.

10.

Chemical Analysis

10.3 The sample shall be analyzed by accepted analytical methods. The referee method shall be ASTM E 350, Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron.

10.1 A sample for chemical analysis of the weld metal shall be obtained for all electrodes in this specification. The samples may be taken from the weld pad prepared in accordance with 9.3, from the reduced section of the fractured tension test specimen, or from a corresponding location (or any location above it) in the weld metal in the groove weld in Fig. 2. In case of dispute, the weld pad is the referee method.

10.4 The results of the analysis shall meet the requirements of Table 4 for the classification of electrode under test.

11.

10.2 The top surface of the pad described in 9.3 and shown in Fig. 1, shall be removed and discarded, and a sample for analysis obtained from the underlying metal no closer than 3 ⁄ 8 in. (9.5 mm) to the surface of the base metal in Fig. 1 by any appropriate mechanical means. The sample shall be free of slag. When the sample is taken from the groove weld or the reduced section of the fractured tension test specimen, that material shall be prepared for analysis by any suitable mechanical means.

Radiographic Test

11.1 The groove weld described in 9.4.1 and shown in Fig. 2 shall be radiographed to evaluate the soundness of the weld metal. In preparation for radiography, the backing shall be removed and both surfaces of the weld shall be machined or ground smooth and flush with the original surfaces of the base metal. Both surfaces of the test assembly, in the area of the weld, shall be smooth enough to avoid difficulty in interpreting the radiograph. 609

SFA-5.29

1998 SECTION II

TABLE 7 REQUIREMENTS FOR PASS AND LAYER CONTROL FOR MULTIPLE PASS ELECTRODE CLASSIFICATIONSa Electrode Size AWS Classification

EXXT1-X, -XMd EXXT5-X, -XM

Required Total Passes

Suggested Passes Per Layer Layer # 1

Layer # 2 — Top

Suggested Number of Layers

in.

mm

0.030 0.035 0.045

0.8 0.9 1.1

12–19

1 or 2

2 or 3 b

6–9

0.052 1 ⁄ 16 5 ⁄ 64

1.3 1.6 2.0

10–17

1 or 2

2 or 3 b

5–8

2.4 2.8 3.2

7–14

1 or 2

2 or 3 b

4–7

3

⁄ 32 ⁄ 64 1 ⁄ 8

7

EXXT4-X

All Sizesc

7–11

1 or 2

2 or 3 b

4–6

EXXT6-X EXXT7-X

All Sizesc

7–14

1 or 2

2 or 3 b

4–8

EXXT8-X EXXT11-X

All Sizesc All Sizesc

12–18 9–18

1 or 2 1 or 2

2 or 3 b 2 or 3 b

6–9 5–9

EXXTG-X EXXTX-G EXXTG-G

Not Specified, To be Recorded

NOTES: a. Actual number of passes, electrode diameter, wire feed speed or amperes, arc voltage, travel speed, and electrode extension (electrical extension) shall be recorded and made available to the user on request. See A6.2 in the annex. b. The final layer may be 4 passes. c. The electrode size shall be 3 ⁄ 32 in. (2.4 mm) or the size that the manufacturer produces that is closer to 3 ⁄ 32 in. (2.4 mm). d. For class E10XT1-K9, -K9M, both the pass and layer sequence are controlled by the required heat input rate of 50–55 kJ/inch.

11.2 The weld shall be radiographed in accordance with ASTM E 142, Standard Test Methods for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing. The quality level of inspection shall be 2-2T.

or slag. Indications where the largest dimension does not exceed 1 ⁄ 64 in. (0.4 mm) shall be disregarded. Test assemblies with indications larger than the largest indications permitted in the radiographic standards (Fig. 4) do not meet the requirements of this specification.

11.3 The soundness of the weld metal meets the requirements of this specification if the radiograph shows no cracks, no incomplete fusion, and no rounded indications in excess of the largest size or numbers permitted by the radiographic standards in Fig. 4. One inch (25 mm) of the weld measured from each end of the assembly shall be excluded from the radiographic evaluation.

12.

Tension Test

12.1 One all-weld-metal round tensile specimen, as specified in the Tension Tests section of ANSI/AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds, shall be machined from the groove weld described in 9.4 and shown in Fig. 2A. The tensile specimen shall have a nominal diameter of 0.500 in. (12.5 mm) and a nominal gage length-to-diameter ratio of 4:1.

11.3.1 A rounded indication is an indication (on the radiograph) whose length is no more than three times its width. Rounded indications may be circular, elliptical, conical, or irregular in shape, and they may have tails. The size of a rounded indication is the largest dimension of the indication, including any tail that may be present. The indication may be porosity

12.2 For classifications shown in the as-welded condition in Table 2, the specimen, after machining, but before testing, may be aged at 200 to 220°F (90 to 610


SFA-5.29

TABLE 8 PREHEAT, INTERPASS AND PWHT TEMPERATURES Preheat and Interpass Temperatureb AWS Classificationa

°F

PWHT Temperatureb

°C

°F

°C



E7XT5-A1, -A1M E8XT1-A1, -A1M E8XT5-Ni1, -Ni1M E8XT5-Ni2c, -Ni2M E8XT5-Ni3c, -Ni3M E9XT5-Ni3c, -Ni3M E9XT5-D2, -D2M E10XT5-D2, -D2M



E8XT5-B6, -B6M E8XT5-B6L, -B6LM E8XT5-B8, -B8M E8XT5-B8L, -B8LM

  

E8XT1-B1L, -B1LM E8XT1-B1, -B1M E8XT1-B2L, -B2LM E8XT1-B2, -B2M E8XT5-B2, -B2M E8XT1-B2H, -B2HM E8XT5-B2L, -B2LM E9XT1-B3, -B3M E9XT5-B3, -B3M E10XT1-B3, -B3M E9XT1-B3H, -B3HM E9XT1-B3L, -B3LM







300

400

350







25

150



15

1150



25

100

200



50

1375

 25

25

176



15

1275



d

25

620

 15

745

 15

690

 15

 (Table 8 continued on next page)

104°C) for up to 48 hours, then allowed to cool to room temperature. Refer to A8.3 for a discussion on the purpose of aging.

The Charpy V-notch specimens shall have the notched surface and the surface to be struck parallel within 0.002 in. (0.005 mm). The other two surfaces shall be square with the notched or struck surface within 10 minutes of a degree. The notch shall be smoothly cut by mechanical means and shall be square with the longitudinal edge of the specimen within one degree. The geometry of the notch shall be measured on at least one specimen in a set of five specimens. Measurement shall be done at a minimum 50 times magnification on either a shadowgraph or metallograph. The correct location of the notch shall be verified by etching before or after machining.

12.3 After cooling, the specimen shall be tested in the manner described in the tension test section of ANSI/AWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds. 12.4 The results of the all-weld-metal tension test shall meet the requirements specified in Table 1.

13.

Impact Test

13.1 For those classifications for which impact testing is specified in Table 2, five Charpy V-notch impact specimens, as specified in the Fracture Toughness Testing of Welds section of ANSI/AWS B4.0, shall be machined from the test assembly shown in Fig. 2.

13.2 The five specimens shall be tested in accordance with the impact test section of ANSI/AWS B4.0. The test temperature shall be that specified in Table 2, for the classification under test. For those electrodes to be identified by the optional supplemental impact designa611

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TABLE 8 (CONT’D) PREHEAT, INTERPASS AND PWHT TEMPERATURES

AWS Classificationa E6XT1-Ni1, -Ni1M E7XT6-Ni1 E7XT8-Ni1 E8XT1-Ni1, -Ni1M E7XT8-Ni2 E8XT1-Ni2, -Ni2M E8XT8-Ni2 E8XT11-Ni3 E9XT1-Ni2, -Ni2M E9XT1-D1, -D1M E9XT1-D3, -D3M E8XT5-K1, -K1M E7XT4-K2 E7XT7-K2 E7XT8-K2 E7XT11-K2 E8XT1-K2, -K2M E8XT5-K2, -K2M E9XT1-K2, -K2M E9XT5-K2, -K2M E10XT1-K3, -K3M E10XT5-K3, -K3M E11XT1-K3, -K3M E11XT5-K3, -K3M E11XT1-K4, -K4M E11XT5-K4, -K4M E12XT1-K4, -K4M E12XT1-K5, -K5M E6XT8-K6 E7XT8-K6 E7XT5-K6, -K6M E9XT8-K8 E10XT1-K7, -K7M EXXT1-K9, -K9M E8XT1-W2, -W2M EXXTX-G EXXTG-X EXXTG-G

Preheat and Interpass Temperatureb

PWHT Temperatureb

°F

°F

°C

None

None

°C





300



25

150



15



  

Not Specifiede

NOTES: a. In this table “X” before the letter “T” may be a 0 or 1 to indicate the primary welding position for which the electrode is designed (usability). See footnote b to Table 3 and section A2. b. These temperatures are specified for testing under this specification and are not to be considered as recommendationfor preheat andpostweldheat treatment(PWHT)in production welding. The requirements for production welding must be determined by the user. The schedule for PWHT for classification testing is as follows: Raiseto required temperature at a ratenot exceeding500°F (280°C) per hour, holdat required temperature for 1 hour, furnace cool to 600°F (315°C) at a rate not exceeding 350°F (195°C) per hour, air cool. c. PWHT temperatures in excess of 1150°F (620°C) will decreases the impact value. d. Held at specified temperature for two hours. Furnace cool at a rate not exceeding 100°F (55°C) per hour to 1100°F (595°C). Remove from furnace and air cool. These compositions are air hardening. e. See Table 1, Note b.

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GENERAL NOTES: 1. In using these standards, the chart which is most representative of the size of the rounded indications present in the test specimen radiograph shall be used for determining conformance to these radiographic standards. 2. Since these are test welds specifically made in the laboratory for classification purposes, the radiographic requirements for these test welds are more rigid than those which may be required for general fabrication. 3. Indications where the largest dimension does not exceed 1 ⁄ 64 in. (0.4 mm) diameter and/or length shall be disregarded.

FIG. 4 RADIOGRAPHIC STANDARDS FOR TEST ASSEMBLY IN FIG. 2 613

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tor, ‘‘J,’’ the test temperature shall be as specified in Note b of Table 2.

of the isosceles triangle with the hypotenuse as the base, as shown in Fig. 5, shall not be considered incomplete fusion.

13.3 In evaluating the test results, the lowest and the highest values obtained shall be disregarded. Two of the remaining three values shall equal or exceed the specified 20 ft·lbf (27 J) energy level. One of the three may be lower, but not lower than 15 ft·lbf (20 J), and the average of the three shall be not less than the required 20 ft·lbf (27 J) energy level. 14.

15.

Diffusible Hydrogen Test

15.1 The smallest and largest size of an electrode to be identified by an optional supplemental diffusible hydrogen designator shall be tested according to one of the methods given in ANSI/AWS A4.3, Standard Methods for Determination of the Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding. Based upon the average value of test results which satisfy the requirements of Table 10, the appropriate diffusible hydrogen designator may be added at the end of the classification.

Fillet Weld Test

14.1 The required fillet welds shall be made in accordance with 9.5 and Fig. 3, and shall be examined visually over the entire face of each weld. There shall be no indication of cracks, and the weld shall be reasonably free of undercut, overlap, trapped slag, and surface porosity. After the visual examination, a specimen containing approximately 1 in. (25 mm) of the length of the weld shall be removed as shown in Fig. 3. One cross-sectional surface of the specimen shall be polished and etched, and then examined as required in 14.2

15.2 Testing shall be done with electrode in the ‘‘asreceived’’ condition. Conditioning of the electrode prior to testing is not permitted. The use of electrical electrode extensions in excess of those which would be used in the routine application of the electrode is not permitted. 15.3 For purposes of certifying compliance with diffusible hydrogen requirements, the reference atmospheric condition shall be an absolute humidity of 10 grains of moisture per pound (1.43 g per kg) of dry air at the time of welding. The actual atmospheric conditions shall be reported along with the average value for the tests according to ANSI/AWS A4.3.

14.2 Scribe lines shall be placed on the prepared surface, as shown in Fig. 5, and the fillet weld size, fillet weld legs, and convexity of the weld shall be determined to the nearest 1 ⁄ 64 in. (0.4 mm) by actual measurement. These measurements shall meet the requirements specified in Table 9.

15.4 When the absolute humidity equals or exceeds the reference condition at the time of preparation of the test assembly, the test shall be acceptable as demonstrating compliance with the requirements of this specification, provided the actual test results satisfy the diffusible hydrogen requirements for the applicable designator, as specified in Table 10. Likewise, if the actual test results for an electrode meet the requirements for the lower or lowest hydrogen designator as specified in Table 10, the electrode also meets the requirements for all higher hydrogen designators in Table 10 without the need for retest.

14.3 The remaining two sections of the test assembly shall be broken longitudinally through the fillet weld by a force exerted as shown in Fig. 3. When necessary, to facilitate fracture through the fillet, one or more of the following procedures may be used: (a) A reinforcing bead, as shown in Fig. 6A, may be added to each leg of the weld. (b) The position of the web on the flange may be changed, as shown in Fig. 6B. (c) The face of the fillet may be notched, as shown in Fig. 6C. Tests in which the weld metal pulls out of the base metal during bending are invalid tests. Specimens in which this occurs shall be replaced, specimen for specimen, and the test completed. In this case, the doubling of specimens required for retest in Section 8, Retest, does not apply.

PART C — MANUFACTURE, IDENTIFICATION, AND PACKAGING 16.

14.4 The fractured surfaces shall be examined visually. They shall be free of cracks and shall be reasonably free of porosity and trapped slag. Incomplete fusion at the root of the weld shall not exceed 20 percent of the total length of the weld. Slag beyond the vertex

Method of Manufacture

The electrodes classified according to this specification may be manufactured by any method that will produce electrodes that meet the requirements of this specification. 614


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GENERAL NOTES: 1. Fillet weld size is the leg lengths of the largest isosceles right triangle which can be inscribed within the fillet weld cross-section. 2. Convexity is the maximum distance from the face of a convex fillet weld perpendicular to a line joining the weld toes. 3. Fillet weld leg is the distance from the joint root to the toe of the fillet weld.

FIG. 5 DIMENSIONS OF FILLET WELDS

17.

Standard Sizes

18.4 A suitable protective coating may be applied to any electrode in this specification.

Standard sizes for filler metal in the different package forms (coils with support, coils without support, drums, and spools, see Section 19, Standard Package Forms), are shown in Table 11. 18.

19.

Standard Package Forms

19.1 Standard package forms are coils with support, coils without support, spools, and drums. Standard package dimensions and weights for each form are given in Table 12 and Figs. 7, 8, and 9. Package forms, sizes, and weights other than these shall be as agreed by purchaser and supplier.

Finish and Uniformity

18.1 All electrodes shall have a smooth finish that is free from slivers, depressions, scratches, scale, seams, laps (exclusive of the longitudinal joint), and foreign matter that would adversely affect the welding characteristics, the operation of the welding equipment, or the properties of the weld metal.

19.2 The liners in coils with support shall be designed and constructed to prevent distortion of the coil during normal handling and use and shall be clean and dry enough to maintain the cleanliness of the electrode.

18.2 Each continuous length of electrode shall be from a single lot of material, as defined in ANSI/AWS A5.01, and welds, when present, shall have been made so as not to interfere with the uniform, uninterrupted feeding of the electrode on automatic and semiautomatic equipment.

19.3 Spools shall be designed and constructed to prevent distortion of the electrode during normal handling and use, and shall be clean and dry enough to maintain the cleanliness of the electrode.

18.3 Core ingredients shall be distributed with sufficient uniformity throughout the length of the electrode so as not to adversely affect the performance of the electrode or the properties of the weld metal.

20.

Winding Requirements

20.1 Electrodes on spools and in coils (including drums) shall be wound so that kinks, waves, sharp 615

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TABLE 9 DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FILLET WELD USABILITY TEST SPECIMENS

Maximum Convexitya

Measured Fillet Weld Size in. 1

⁄ 8 ⁄ 64 5 ⁄ 32 11 ⁄ 64 3 ⁄ 16 13 ⁄ 64 7 ⁄ 32 15 ⁄ 64 1 ⁄ 4 17 ⁄ 64 9 ⁄ 32 19 ⁄ 64 5 ⁄ 16 21 ⁄ 64 11 ⁄ 32 23 ⁄ 64 3 ⁄ 8 9

Maximum Difference Between Fillet Weld Legs

mm

in.

mm

in.

mm

3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.7 7.1 7.5 8.0 8.3 8.7 9.1 9.5

5

2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4

1

0.8 1.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.0

⁄ 64 ⁄ 64 5 ⁄ 64 5 ⁄ 64 5 ⁄ 64 5 ⁄ 64 5 ⁄ 64 5 ⁄ 64 5 ⁄ 64 3 ⁄ 32 3 ⁄ 32 3 ⁄ 32 3 ⁄ 32 3 ⁄ 32 3 ⁄ 32 3 ⁄ 32 3 ⁄ 32 5

⁄ 32 ⁄ 64 3 ⁄ 64 1 ⁄ 16 1 ⁄ 16 5 ⁄ 64 5 ⁄ 64 3 ⁄ 32 3 ⁄ 32 7 ⁄ 64 7 ⁄ 64 1 ⁄ 8 1 ⁄ 8 9 ⁄ 64 9 ⁄ 64 5 ⁄ 32 5 ⁄ 32 3

NOTE: a. Maximum convexity for fillet welds made using EXXT5-X and EXXT5-XM electrodes may be 1 ⁄ 32 in. (0.8 mm) larger than the listed requirements.

FIG. 6 ALTERNATE METHODS FOR FACILITATING FILLET WELD FRACTURE

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TABLE 10 DIFFUSIBLE HYDROGEN LIMITS FOR WELD METALa

AWS Classification

Optimal Supplemental Diffusible Hydrogen Designatorb, c, e

All except EXXT1-K9, -K9M All except EXXT1-K9, -K9M All except EXXT1-K9, -K9M EXXT1-K9, -K9M

H16 H8 H4 None

Average Diffusible Hydrogen Contentd mL (H2)/ 100 g Deposited Metal 16.0 8.0 4.0 8.0

max max max max

NOTES: a. Limits on diffusible hydrogen when tested in accordance with ANSI/AWS A4.3, Standard Methods for Determination of the Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding, as specified in Section 15. b. See Annex Figure A1. c. The lower diffusible hydrogen levels (H8 and H4) may not be available in some classifications (see Annex A8.2.8). d. These hydrogen limits are based on welding in air containing a minimum of 10 grains of water per pound (1.43 g/kg) of dry air. Testing at any higher atmospheric moisture level is acceptable provided these limits are satisfied (see 15.3). e. Electrodes which satisfy the diffusible hydrogen limits for the H4 category also satisfy the limits for the H8 and H16 categories. Electrodes which satisfy the diffusible hydrogen limits for the H8 category also satisfy the limits for the H16 category.

TABLE 11 STANDARD SIZES AND TOLERANCES OF ELECTRODESa Electrode Size Diameter AWS Classification

Diameter Tolerance

in.

mm

in.

mm

All classifications

0.030 0.035 0.045 0.052 1 ⁄ 16 (.062)

0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.6

0.002

0.05

All classifications

0.068 0.072 5 ⁄ 64 (.078) 3 ⁄ 32 (.094) 7 ⁄ 64 (.109) 0.120 1 ⁄ 8 (.125) 5 ⁄ 32 (.156)

1.7 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.2 4.0

0.003

0.08

NOTE: a. Electrodes produced in sizes other than those shown may be classified by using similar tolerances.

bends, overlapping, or wedging are not encountered, leaving the electrode free to unwind without restriction. The outside end of the electrode (the end with which welding is to begin) shall be identified so it can be readily located and shall be fastened to avoid unwinding.

feed in an uninterrupted manner in automatic and semiautomatic equipment.

20.2 The cast and helix of the electrode in coils, spools, and drums shall be such that the electrode will

21.1 The product information and the precautionary information required in Section 23 for marking each

21.

617

Electrode Identification

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TABLE 12 PACKAGING REQUIREMENTSa Net Weight of Electrodeb

Package Size Type of Package

in.

mm

lb

As specified by purchaser c

Coils without supports

kg As specified by purchaser c

Coils with support (see below)

6 3 ⁄ 4 12

170 300

ID ID

14 25, 30, 50, & 60

6.4 11, 14, 23, & 27

Spools

4 8 12 14 22 24 30

100 200 300 360 560 610 760

OD OD OD OD OD OD OD

1 1 ⁄ 2 & 21 ⁄ 2 10, 15, & 22 25, 30, & 35 50 & 60 250 300 600 & 750

0.7 & 1.1 4.5, 6.8, & 10 11, 14, & 16 23 & 27 110 140 270 & 340

Drums

151 ⁄ 2 20 23

400 500 600

OD OD OD

As specified by purchaser c As specified by purchaser c 300 & 600 140 & 300

Coils with Support — Standard Dimensions and Weighta Coil Dimensions Coil Net Weightb Electrode Size All

Inside Diameter of Liner

lb

kg

All 25 and 30 50 and 60

6.4 11 and 14 23 and 27

in. 63 ⁄ 4 12 12

mm



1



1



Width of Wound Electrode

⁄ 8 ⁄ 8 1 ⁄ 8

170 305 305

3 3   3 

in. (max)

mm (max)

3 21 ⁄ 2 or 4 5 ⁄ 8 45 ⁄ 8

75 65 or 120 120

NOTES: a. Sizes and net weights other than those specified may be supplied as agreed beetween supplier and purchaser b. Tolerance on net weight shall be 10 percent. c. As agreed between supplier and purchaser.

22.

package, shall also appear on each coil, spool and drum.

Packaging

Electrodes shall be suitably packaged to ensure against damage during shipment and storage under normal conditions.

21.2 Coils without support shall have a tag containing this information securely attached to the electrode at the inside of the coil.

23. 21.3 Coils with support shall have the information securely affixed in a prominent location on the support.

Marking of Packages

23.1 The following product information (as a minimum) shall be legibly marked so as to be visible from the outside of each unit package. (a) AWS Specification and classification designation (year of issue may be excluded), along with applicable optional designators. (b) Supplier’s name and trade designation, (c) Size and net weight, (d) Lot, control, or heat number.

21.4 Spools shall have the information securely affixed in a prominent location on the outside of at least one flange of the spool. 21.5 Drums shall have the information securely affixed in a prominent location on the outside of the drum. 618


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NOTES: 1. The inside diameter of the barrel shall be such that swelling of the barrel or misalignment of the barrel and flanges will not result in the core of the spool being less than the inside diameter of the flanges. 2. The outside diameter of the barrel shall be such as to permit proper feeding of the electrode.

FIG. 7 DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD 4-IN. (100-MM) SPOOL

NOTE: 1. Dimension B, outside diameter of barrel, shall be such as to permit proper feeding of the electrode.

FIG. 8 DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD 8, 12, AND 14-IN. (200, 300, AND 350-MM) SPOOLS 619

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1998 SECTION II

NOTE: 1. Dimension B, outside diameter of barrel, shall be such as to permit proper feeding of the electrode.

FIG. 9 DIMENSIONS OF 22, 24, AND 30-IN. (560, 610, AND 760-MM) SPOOLS

23.2 The following precautionary information (as a minimum) shall be prominently displayed in legible print on all packages of flux cored electrodes, including individual unit packages enclosed within a larger package.

Before use, read and understand the manufacturer’s instructions, the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs), and your employer’s safety practices. O Keep your head out of the fumes. O Use enough ventilation, exhaust at the arc, or both, to keep fumes and gases away from your breathing zone and the general area. O Wear correct eye, ear, and body protection. O Do not touch live electrical parts. O See American National Standard ANSI/ASC Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, published by the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126; and OSHA Safety and Health Standards, 29 CFR 1910, available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. O

WARNING: PROTECT yourself and others. Read and understand this information. FUMES AND GASES can be hazardous to your health. ARC RAYS can injure eyes and burn skin. ELECTRIC SHOCK can KILL.

DO NOT REMOVE THIS INFORMATION

620


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Annex Guide to AWS Specification for Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding (This Annex is not a part of ANSI/AWS A5.29-1998, Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding, but is included for information only.)

A1. Introduction The purpose of this guide is to correlate the electrode classifications with their intended applications so the specification can be used effectively. This guide provides examples rather than complete listings of the materials and applications for which each filler metal is suitable.

A2. Classification System A2.1 The system for identifying the electrode classifications in this specification follows, for the most part, the standard pattern used in other AWS filler metal specifications. An illustration of this system is given in Fig. A1. A2.2 Some of the classifications are intended to weld only in the flat and horizontal positions (E70T5-A1, for example). Others are intended for welding in all positions (E81T1-Ni1, for example). As in the case of covered electrodes, the smaller sizes of flux cored electrodes are the ones used for the out-of-position work. Flux cored electrodes larger than 5 ⁄ 64 in. (2.0 mm) in diameter are usually used for horizontal fillets and flat position welding. A2.3 Optional supplemental designators are also used in this specification in order to identify electrode classifications that have met certain supplemental requirements as agreed to between the supplier and the purchaser. The optional supplemental designators are not part of the classification nor of its designation.

620.1

A2.3.1 Many of the classifications included in this specification have requirements for impact testing at various test temperatures as shown in Table 2. In order to include products with improved weld-metal toughness at lower temperatures, an optional supplemental designator, J, has been added to identify classifications which, when tested, produce weld metal which exhibits 20 ftWlbf (27 J) at a temperature of 20°F (11°C) lower than the standard temperature shown in Table 2. Users are cautioned that although the improved weld-metal toughness will be evidenced when welding is performed under conditions similar to the test assembly preparation method specified in this specification, other applications of the electrode, such as long-term postweld heat treatment (PWHT) or uphill welding with higher heat input, may differ markedly from the improved toughness levels given. Users should always perform their own properties verification testing. A2.3.2 This specification has included the use of optional designators for diffusible hydrogen (see Table 10 and A8.2) to indicate the maximum average value obtained under a clearly defined test condition in ANSI/ AWS A4.3, Standard Methods for Determination of the Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding. Electrodes that are designated as meeting the lower or lowest hydrogen limits as specified in Table 10, also are understood to be able to meet any higher hydrogen limits when tested in accordance with Section 15. For example, see Note e of Table 10.

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FIG. A1 CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR LOW-ALLOY STEEL FLUX CORED ELECTRODES

620.2


A2.4 ‘‘G’’ Classification

SFA-5.29

A2.4.3 Request for Filler Metal Classification (a) When a filler metal cannot be classified according to some classification other than a ‘‘G’’ classification, the manufacturer may request that a classification be established for that filler metal. The manufacturer may do this by following the procedure given here. When the manufacturer elects to use the ‘‘G’’ classification, the Filler Metals Committee recommends that the manufacturer still request that a classification be established for that filler metal, as long as the filler metal is of commercial significance. (b) A request to establish a new filler metal classification must be a written request, and it needs to provide sufficient detail to permit the Filler Metals Committee or the Subcommittee to determine whether the new classification or the modification of an existing classification is more appropriate and whether either is necessary to satisfy the need. The request needs to state the variables and their limits for such a classification or modification. The request should contain some indication of the time by which completion of the new classification or modification is needed. (c) The request should be sent to the Secretary of the Filler Metals Committee at AWS Headquarters. Upon receipt of the request, the Secretary will do the following: (1) Assign an identifying number to the request. This number will include the date the request was received. (2) Confirm receipt of the request and give the identification number to the person who made the request. (3) Send a copy of the request to the Chair of the Committee on Filler Metals and the Chair of the particular Subcommittee involved. (4) File the original request. (5) Add the request to the log of outstanding requests. (d) All necessary action on each request will be completed as soon as possible. If more than 12 months lapse, the Secretary shall inform the requestor of the status of the request, with copies to the Chairs of the Committee and of the Subcommittee. Requests still outstanding after 18 months shall be considered not to have been answered in a ‘‘timely manner’’ and the Secretary shall report these to the Chair of the Committee on Filler Metals for action. (e) Secretary shall include a copy of the log of all requests pending and those completed during the preceding year with the agenda for each Committee on Filler Metals meeting. Any other publication of requests that have been completed will be at the option

A2.4.1 This specification includes electrodes classified as EXXXTX-G, EXXXTG-G, and EXXXTG-X. The ‘‘G’’ indicates that the electrode is of a general classification. It is ‘‘general’’ because not all of the particular requirements specified for each of the other classifications are specified for this classification. The intent, in establishing this classification, is to provide a means by which electrodes that differ in one respect or another (chemical composition, for example) from all other classifications (meaning that the composition of the weld metal — in the case of the example — does not meet the composition specified for any of the classifications in the specification) can still be classified according to the specification. The purpose is to allow a useful filler metal — one that otherwise would have to await a revision of the specification — to be classified immediately, under the existing specification. This means, then, that two electrodes — each bearing the same ‘‘G’’ classification — may be quite different in some certain respect (chemical composition, again, for example).

A2.4.2 The point of difference (although not necessarily the amount of the difference) referred to in A2.4.1 will be readily apparent from the use of the words ‘‘not required’’ and ‘‘not specified’’ in the specification. The use of these words is as follows: (a) Not Specified is used in those areas of the specification that refer to the results of some particular test. It indicates that the requirements for that test are not specified for that particular classification. (b) Not Required is used in those areas of the specification that refer to the tests that must be conducted in order to classify an electrode. It indicates that the test is not required because the requirements (results) for the test have not been specified for that particular classification. Restating the case, when a requirement is not specified, it is not necessary to conduct the corresponding test in order to classify an electrode to that classification. When purchasers want the information provided by that test in order to consider a particular product of that classification for a certain application, they will have to arrange for that information with the supplier of the product. They will have to establish with that supplier just what the testing procedure and the acceptance requirements are to be for that test. They may want to incorporate that information (via ANSI/AWS A5.01, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines) in the purchase order. 620.3

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of the American Welding Society, as deemed appropriate. A3.

Acceptance

Acceptance of all welding materials classified under this specification is in accordance with ANSI/AWS A5.01, as the specification states. Any testing a purchaser requires of the supplier, for material shipped in accordance with this specification, shall be clearly stated in the purchase order, according to the provisions of ANSI/AWS A5.01. In the absence of any such statement in the purchase order, the supplier may ship the material with whatever testing the supplier normally conducts on material of that classification, as specified in Schedule F, Table 1, of the ANSI/AWS A5.01. Testing in accordance with any other schedule in that table must be specifically required by the purchase order. In such cases, acceptance of the material shipped will be in accordance with those requirements.

(b) Number of welders and welding operators working in that space (c) Rate of evolution of fumes, gases, or dust, according to the materials and processes used (d) The proximity of the welders or welding operators to the fumes as the fumes issue from the welding zone, and to the gases and dusts in the space in which they are working (e) The ventilation provided to the space in which the welding is done

A5.2 American National Standard Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes (published by the American Welding Society), discusses the ventilation that is required during welding and should be referred to for details. Attention is drawn particularly to the sections of that document entitled ‘‘Protection of Personnel and the General Area and Ventilation.’’

A6. Welding Considerations A6.1 When examining the properties required of weld metal as a result of the tests made according to this specification, it should be recognized that in production, where the conditions and procedures may differ from those in this specification (electrode size, amperage, voltage, type and amount of shielding gas, position of welding, electrode extension, plate thickness, joint geometry, preheat and interpass temperatures, travel speed, surface condition, base-metal composition and dilution, for example), the properties of the weld metal may also differ. Moreover, that difference may be large or small.

A4. Certification The act of placing the AWS Specification and Classification designations on the packaging enclosing the product, or the classification on the product itself, constitutes the supplier’s (manufacturer’s) certification that the product meets all of the requirements of the specification. The only testing requirement implicit in this certification is that the manufacturer has actually conducted the tests required by the specification on material that is representative of that being shipped and that the material met the requirements of the specification. Representative material, in this case, is any production run of that classification using the same formulation. Certification is not to be construed to mean that tests of any kind were necessarily conducted on samples of the specific material shipped. Tests on such material may or may not have been conducted. The basis for the ‘‘certification’’ required by the specification is the classification test of ‘‘representative material’’ cited above, and the ‘‘Manufacturer’s Quality Assurance System’’ in ANSI/AWS A5.01.

A6.2 Since it has not been possible to specify one single detailed welding procedure for all products classified under any given classification in this specification, details of the welding procedure used in classifying each product should be recorded by the manufacturer and made available to the user, on request. The information should include each of the items referred to in A6.1, as well as the actual number of passes and layers required to complete the weld test assembly.

A5. Ventilation During Welding A5.1 Five major factors govern the quantity of fumes in the atmosphere to which welders and welding operators are exposed during welding. These are the following: (a) Dimensions of the space in which welding is done (with special regard to the height of the ceiling) 620.4

A6.3 The toughness requirements for the different classifications in this specification can be used as a guide in the selection of electrodes for applications requiring some degree of low-temperature notch toughness. For an electrode of any given classification, there can be a considerable difference between the impact test results from one assembly to another, or even from one impact specimen to another, unless particular attention is given to the manner in which the weld is made and prepared (even the location and orientation


of the specimen within the weld), the temperature of testing, and the operation of the testing machine. A6.4 Hardenability. There are inherent differences in the effect of the carbon content of the weld deposit on hardenability, depending on whether the electrode was gas shielded or self-shielded. Gas shielded electrodes generally employ a Mn-Si deoxidation system. The carbon content affects hardness in a manner which is typical of many carbon equivalent formulas published for carbon steel. Most self-shielded electrodes utilize an aluminumbased alloy system to provide for protection and deoxidation. One of the effects of the aluminum is to modify the effect of carbon on hardenability. Hardness levels obtained with self-shielded electrodes will therefore be lower than the carbon content would indicate (when considered on the basis of typical carbon equivalent formulas). A7.

Description and Intended Use of Flux Cored Electrode Classifications

This specification contains many different classifications of flux cored electrodes. The suffix in each classification (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, or G), indicates a general grouping of electrodes that contain similar flux or core components and which have similar usability characteristics, except for the ‘‘G’’ classification where usability characteristics may differ between similarly classified electrodes. The steels commonly welded with low-alloy electrodes are usually used for specific purposes. The welding of these steels requires an understanding of their properties and heat treatment beyond that which could be covered in an annex to an electrode specification. Users not familiar with the characteristics of lowalloy steels are referred to Vol. 4, Welding Handbook , 7th Edition, and other publications on low-alloy steels. A7.1 EXXT1-X and EXXT1-XM Classifications. Electrodes of the EXXT1-X group are classified with CO2 shielding gas. However, other gas mixtures (such as argon-CO2) may be used to improve usability, especially for out-of-position applications, when recommended by the manufacturer. Increasing the amount of argon in the argon-CO2 mixture will increase the manganese and silicon contents, along with certain other alloys such as chromium, in the weld metal. The increase in manganese, silicon, or other alloys will increase the yield and tensile strengths and may affect impact properties. Electrodes in the EXXT1-XM group are classified with 75 to 80 percent argon/balance CO 2 shielding gas. 620.5

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Their use with argon-CO2 shielding gas mixtures having reduced amounts of argon or with CO2 shielding gas may result in some deterioration of arc characteristics and out-of-position welding characteristics. In addition, a reduction of manganese, silicon, and certain other alloy contents in the weld metal, will reduce yield and tensile strengths and may affect impact properties. Both the EX1T1-X and EX1T1-XM electrodes are designed for single and multipass welding using DCEP polarity. The larger diameters (usually 5 ⁄ 64 in. [2.0 mm] and larger) are used for welding in the flat position and for welding fillet welds in the horizontal position (EX0T1-X and EX0T1-XM). The smaller diameters (usually 1 ⁄ 16 in. [1.6 mm] and smaller) are used for welding in all positions (EX1T1-X and EX1T1-XM). The EX1T1-X and EXTT1-XM electrodes are characterized by a spray transfer, low spatter loss, flat to slightly convex bead contour, and a moderate volume of slag, which completely covers the weld bead. Electrodes of this classification have a rutile base slag and produce high deposition rates. A7.2 EX0T4-X Classification. Electrodes of this classification are self-shielded, operate on DCEP, and have a globular-type transfer. The slag system is designed to make very-high deposition rates possible and to produce a weld that is very low in sulfur, which makes the weld very resistant to hot cracking. These electrodes are designed for low penetration beyond the root of the weld, enabling them to be used on joints which have been poorly fit and for single and multipass welding. A7.3 EXXT5-X and EXXT5-XM Classifications. Electrodes of the EXXT5-X classifications are designed to be used with CO2 shielding gas; however, as with the EXXT1-X classifications, argon-CO2 mixtures may be used to reduce spatter, when recommended by the manufacturer. Increasing the amount of argon in the argon-CO2 mixture will increase the manganese and silicon contents, along with certain other alloys, which will increase the yield and tensile strengths and may affect impact properties. Electrodes of the EXXT5-XM classification are designed for use with 75 to 80 percent argon/balance CO2 shielding. Their use with gas mixtures having reduced amounts of argon or with CO2 shielding gas will result in some deterioration in arc characteristics, an increase in spatter, and a reduction in manganese, silicon, and certain other alloy elements in the weld metal. This reduction in manganese, silicon, or other alloys will decrease the yield and tensile strengths and may affect impact properties.

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Electrodes of the EX0T5-X and EX0T5-XM classifications are used primarily for single-pass and multipass welds in the flat position and for welding fillet welds in the horizontal position using DCEP or DCEN, depending on the manufacturer’s recommendation. These electrodes are characterized by a globular transfer, slightly convex bead contour, and a thin slag that may not completely cover the weld bead. These electrodes have a lime-fluoride base slag. Weld deposits produced by these electrodes typically have impact properties and hot and cold crack resistance that are superior to those obtained with rutile base slags. The EX1T5-X and EX1T5-XM electrodes, using DCEN, can be used for welding in all positions. However, the operator appeal of these electrodes is not as good as that of those with rutile base slags.

classification. The mechanical properties can be anything covered by this specification. Requirements are established by the digits chosen to complete the classification. Placement of the ‘‘G’’ in the classification designates that the alloy requirements, shielding gas/slag system, or both are not defined and are as agreed upon between supplier and purchaser.

A7.4 EXXT6-X Classification. Electrodes of this classification are self-shielded, operate on DCEP, and have a spray-type transfer. The slag system is designed to give good low-temperature impact properties, good penetration into the root of the weld, and excellent slag removal, even in a deep groove. These electrodes are used for single-pass and multipass welding in flat and horizontal positions.

A7.9.1 EXXTX-A1 (C-Mo Steel) Electrodes. These electrodes are similar to the E7XT-X carbonsteel electrodes classified in ANSI/AWS A5.20, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding, except that 1 ⁄ 2 percent molybdenum has been added. This addition increases the strength of the weld metal, especially at elevated temperatures and provides some increase in corrosion resistance; however, it may reduce the notch toughness of the weld metal. This type of electrode is commonly used in the fabrication and erection of boilers and pressure vessels. Typical applications include the welding of C-Mo steel base metals such as ASTM A 161, A 204 and A 302 Gr. A plate, and A 335-P1 pipe.

A7.5 EXXT7-X Classification. Electrodes of this classification are self-shielded, operate on DCEN and have a small droplet to spray-type transfer. The slag system is designed to allow the larger sizes to be used for high deposition rates in the horizontal and flat positions, and to allow the smaller sizes to be used for all welding positions. The electrodes are used for single-pass and multipass welding and produce verylow sulfur weld metal, which is very resistant to hot cracking.

A7.9 Chemical Composition. The chemical composition of the weld metal produced is often the primary consideration for electrode selection. The suffixes, which are part of each alloy electrode classification, identify the chemical composition of the weld metal produced by the electrode. The following paragraphs give a brief description of the classifications, intended uses, and typical applications.

A7.9.2 EXXTX-BX, EXXTX-BXL and EXXTXBXH (Cr-Mo Steel) Electrodes. These electrodes produce weld metal that contains between 1 ⁄ 2 percent and 9 percent chromium, and between 1 ⁄ 2 percent to 1 percent molybdenum. They are designed to produce weld metal for high-temperature service and for matching the properties of the typical base metals as follows: (a) EXXTX-B1 — ASTM A 335-P2 pipe (b) EXXTX-B1 — ASTM A 387 Gr. 2 plate (c) EXXTX-B2 — ASTM A 335-P11 pipe (d) EXXTX-B2 — ASTM A 387 Gr. 11 plate (e) EXXTX-B2L — Thin-wall A 335-P11 pipe or tube for use in the as-welded condition or for applications where low hardness is a primary concern. (f) EXXTX-B3 — ASTM A 335-P22 pipe (g) EXXTX-B3 — ASTM A 387 Gr. 22 plate (h) EXXTX-B3L — Thin-wall ASTM A 335-P22 pipe for use in the as-welded condition or for applications where lower hardness is of primary concern. (i) EXXTX-B6 — ASTM A 213-T5 tube (j) EXXTX-B6 — ASTM A 335-P5 pipe (k) EXXTX-B8 — ASTM A 213-T9 tube

A7.6 EXXT8-X Classification. Electrodes of this classification are self-shielded, operate on DCEN, and have a small droplet or spray-type transfer. These electrodes are suitable for all welding positions, and the weld metal has very good low-temperature notch toughness and crack resistance. These electrodes are used for single-pass and multipass welds. A7.7 EXXT11-X Classification. Electrodes of this classification are self-shielded, operate on DCEN, and have a smooth spray-type transfer. The electrodes are intended for single-pass and multipass welding in all positions. The manufacturer should be consulted regarding any plate thickness limitations. A7.8 EXXTX-G, EXXTG-X, and EXXTG-G Classifications. These classifications are for multiple-pass electrodes that are not covered by any presently defined 620.6


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A7.9.4.2 EXXTX-K2 Electrodes. Electrodes in this classification produce weld metal which will have a chemical composition of 1- 1 ⁄ 2 percent nickel and up to 0.35 percent molybdenum. These electrodes are used on many high-strength applications ranging from 80 to 110 ksi (550 to 760 MPa) minimum yield strength. Typical applications would include the welding of submarines, aircraft carriers, and many structural applications where excellent low-temperature toughness is required. Steels welded would include HY-80, HY-100, ASTM A 710, A 514, and other similar high-strength steels.

(l) EXXTX-B8 — ASTM A 335-P9 pipe For two of these Cr-Mo electrode classifications, low-carbon EXXTX-BXL classifications have been established. While regular Cr-Mo electrodes produce weld metal with 0.05 percent to 0.12 percent carbon, the ‘‘L-Grades’’ are limited to a maximum of 0.05 percent carbon. While the lower percent carbon in the weld metal will improve ductility and lower hardness; it will also reduce the high-temperature strength and creep resistance of the weld metal. Several of these grades also have had high-carbon grades (EXXTX-BXH) established. In these cases, the electrode produces weld metal with 0.10 percent to 0.15 percent carbon which may be required for hightemperature strength in some applications. Since all Cr-Mo electrodes produce weld metal which will harden in still air, both preheat and postweld heat treatment (PWHT) are required for most applications. No minimum notch toughness requirements have been established for any of the Cr-Mo electrode classifications. While it is possible to obtain Cr-Mo electrodes with minimum toughness values at ambient temperatures down to 32°F (0°C), specific values and testing must be agreed to by the supplier and the purchaser.

A7.9.4.3 EXXTX-K3 Electrodes. Electrodes of this type produce weld deposits with higher levels of Mn, Ni, and Mo than the EXXTX-K2 types. They are usually higher strength than the -K1 and -K2 types. Typical applications include the welding of HY-100 and A 514 steels. A7.9.4.4 EXXTX-K4 Electrodes. Electrodes of this classification deposit weld metal similar to that of the -K3 electrodes, with the addition of approximately 0.5 percent chromium. The additional alloy provides the higher strength needed for many applications needing in excess of 120 000 psi (830 MPa) tensile, such as armor plate.

A7.9.3 EXXTX-DX (Mn-Mo Steel) Electrodes. These electrodes produce weld metal which contains about 1-1 ⁄ 2 percent to 2 percent manganese and between 1 ⁄ 3 percent and 2 ⁄ 3 percent molybdenum. This weld metal provides higher strength and better notch toughness than the C1 ⁄ 2 percent Mo and 1 percent Ni-1 ⁄ 2 percent Mo steel weld metal discussed in A7.9.1 and A7.9.4. However, the weld metal from these Mn-Mo steel electrodes is quite air-hardenable and usually requires preheat and PWHT. The individual electrodes classified under this electrode group have been designed to match the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the highstrength, low-alloy pressure vessel steels, such as ASTM A 302 Gr. B and HSLA steels and manganese molybdenum castings such as ASTM A 49, A 291 and A 735.

A7.9.4.5 EXXTX-K5 Electrodes. Electrodes of this classification produce weld metal which is designed to match the mechanical properties of steels such as SAE 4130 and 8630 after the weldment is quenched and tempered. The classification requirements stipulate only as welded mechanical properties; therefore, the end user is encouraged to perform qualification testing. A7.9.4.6 EXXTX-K6 Electrodes. Electrodes of this classification produce weld metal which utilizes less than 1 percent nickel to achieve excellent toughness in the 60 000 and 70 000 psi (410–480 MPa) tensilestrength ranges. Applications include structural, offshore construction, and circumferential pipe welding.

A7.9.4 EXXTX-K(X) (Various Low-Alloy Steel Type) Electrodes. This group of electrodes produces weld metal of several different chemical compositions. These electrodes are primarily intended for as-welded applications. See Table 2 for a comparison of the toughness levels obtained for each classification.

A7.9.4.7 EXXTX-K7 Electrodes. This electrode classification produces weld metal which has similarities to that produced with EXXTX-Ni2 and EXXTX-Ni3 electrodes. This weld metal has approximately 1-1 ⁄ 2 percent manganese and 2-1 ⁄ 2 percent nickel.

A7.9.4.1 EXXTX-K1 Electrodes. Electrodes of this classification produce weld metal with nominally 1 percent nickel and 1 ⁄ 2 percent molybdenum. These electrodes can be used for long-term stress-relived applications or for welding low-alloy, high-strength steels, in particular 1 percent nickel.

A7.9.4.8 EXXTX-K8 Electrodes. This classification was designed for electrodes intended for use in circumferential girth welding of line pipe. The weld deposit contains approximately 1-1 ⁄ 2 percent manganese, 1.0 percent nickel, and small amounts of other alloys. 620.7

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A7.9.7 EXXTX-G (General Low-Alloy Steel) Electrodes. These electrodes are described in A2.4. These electrode classifications may be either modifications of other discrete classifications or totally new classifications. The purchaser and user should determine the description and intended use of the electrode from the supplier.

It is especially intended for use on API 5LX80 pipe steels. A7.9.4.9 EXXT1-K9 Electrodes. This electrode produces weld metal similar to that of the -K2 and -K3 type electrodes, but is intended to be similar to the military requirements of MIL-101TM and 101TC electrodes in MIL-E-24403/2C. The electrode is designed for welding HY-80 steel.

A8. Special Tests

A7.9.5 EXXTX-NiX (Ni-Steel) Electrodes. These electrodes have been designed to produce weld metal with increased strength without being air-hardenable or with increased notch toughness at temperatures as low as −100°F (−73°C). They have been specified with nickel contents which fall into three nominal levels of 1 percent Ni, 2-1 ⁄ 4 percent Ni, and 3-1 ⁄ 4 percent Ni in steel. With carbon levels of up to 0.12%, strength increases and permits some of these Ni-steel electrodes to be classified as E8XTX-NiX and E9XTX-NiX. However, some classifications may produce low-temperature notch toughness to match the base-metal properties of nickel steels, such as ASTM A 203 Gr. A, ASTM A 352 Grade LC1 and LC2. The manufacturer should be consulted for specific Charpy V-notch impact properties. Typical base metals would also include ASTM A 302, A 572, A 575, and A 734. Many low-alloy steels require postweld heat treatment to stress relieve the weld or temper the weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ) to achieve increased ductility. It is often acceptable to exceed the PWHT holding temperatures shown in Table 8. However, for many applications, nickel-steel weld metal can be used without (PWHT). If PWHT is to be specified for a nickel-steel weldment, the holding temperature should not exceed the maximum temperature given in Table 8 for the classification considered, since nickel steels can be embrittled at higher temperatures. Electrodes of the EXXTX-Ni(X) type are often used in structural applications where excellent toughness (Charpy V-notch or CTOD) is required. A7.9.6 EXXTX-WX (Weathering Steel) Electrodes. These electrodes have been designed to produce weld metal that matches the corrosion resistance and the coloring of the ASTM weathering-type structural steels. These special properties are achieved by the addition of about 1 ⁄ 2 percent copper to the weld metal. To meet strength, ductility, and notch toughness in the weld metal, some chromium and nickel additions are also made. These electrodes are used to weld typical weathering steel, such as ASTM A 242 and A 588.

A8.1 It is recognized that supplementary tests may need to be conducted to determine the suitability of these welding electrodes for applications involving properties such as hardness, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties at higher or lower service temperatures, wear resistance, and suitability for welding combinations of dissimilar metals. Supplemental requirements as agreed between purchaser and supplier may be added to the purchase order following the guidance of ANSI/AWS A5.01. A8.2 Diffusible Hydrogen Test A8.2.1 Hydrogen-induced cracking of weld metal or the HAZ generally is not a problem with carbon steels containing 0.3 percent or less carbon, nor with lower-strength alloy steels. However, the electrodes classified in this specification are used to join highercarbon steels or low-alloy, high-strength steels where hydrogen-induced cracking may be a serious problem. A8.2.2 Most flux cored electrodes deposit weld metal having diffusible hydrogen levels of less than 16 mL/100 grams of deposited metal. For that reason, flux cored electrodes are generally considered to be low hydrogen. However, some commercially available products will, under certain conditions, produce weld metal with diffusible hydrogen levels in excess of 16 mL/100 grams of deposited metal. Therefore, it may be appropriate for certain applications to utilize the optional supplemental designators for diffusible hydrogen when specifying the flux cored electrode to be used. A8.2.3 The user of this information is cautioned that actual fabrication conditions may result in different diffusible hydrogen values than those indicated by the designator. A8.2.4 The use of a reference atmospheric condition during welding is necessitated because the arc is subject to atmospheric contamination when using either self-shielded or gas shielded flux cored electrodes. Moisture from the air, distinct from that in the electrode, can enter the arc and subsequently the weld pool, contributing to the resulting observed diffusible hydro-

620.8


gen. This effect can be minimized by maintaining as short an arc length as possible consistent with a steady arc. Experience has shown that the effect of arc length is minor at the H16 level, but can be very significant at the H4 level. An electrode meeting the H4 requirements under the reference atmospheric conditions may not do so under conditions of high humidity at the time of welding, especially if a long arc length is maintained.

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after they have been made. Most of this hydrogen gradually escapes over time. This may take several weeks at room temperature or several hours at elevated temperatures. As a result of this eventual change in hydrogen level, ductility of the weld metal increases toward its inherent value, while yield, tensile, and impact strengths remain relatively unchanged. This specification permits the aging of the tensile test specimens at elevated temperatures from 200 to 220°F (90 to 104°C) for up to 48 hours before subjecting them to tension testing. The purpose of this treatment is to facilitate removal of hydrogen from the test specimen in order to minimize discrepancies in testing. Aging treatments are sometimes used for low-hydrogen electrode deposits, especially when testing highstrength deposits. Note that aging may involve holding test specimens at room temperature for several days or holding at a higher temperature for a shorter period of time. Consequently, users are cautioned to employ adequate preheat and interpass temperatures to avoid the deleterious effects of hydrogen in production welds.

A8.2.5 Electrode extension also affects diffusible hydrogen with flux cored electrodes. In general, a longer electrode extension will preheat the electrode more, which causes some removal of hydrogen-bearing compounds (moisture and lubricants) before they reach the arc. The result of longer electrode extension can be reduced diffusible hydrogen. However, excessive electrode extension with external gas shielded electrodes may cause some loss of gas shielding unless the contact tip is recessed in the gas cup. If the gas shielding is disturbed, more air may enter the arc and increase the diffusible hydrogen. This may also cause porosity due to nitrogen pickup. A8.2.6 The reader is cautioned that the shielding gas itself can contribute significantly to diffusible hydrogen. Normally, welding-grade shielding gases are intended to have very low dew points and very low impurity levels. This, however, is not always the case. Instances have occurred where a contaminated gas cylinder resulted in a significant increase of diffusible hydrogen in the weld metal. In case of doubt, a check of gas dew point is suggested. A dew point of −40°F (−40°C) or lower is considered satisfactory for most applications.

A9. Safety Considerations A9.1 Burn Protection. Molten metal, sparks, slag, and hot work surfaces are produced by welding, cutting, and allied processes. These can cause burns if precautionary measures are not used. Workers should wear protective clothing made of fire-resistant material. Pant cuffs, open pockets, or other places on clothing that can catch and retain molten metal or sparks should not be worn. High-top shoes or leather leggings and fire-resistant gloves should be worn. Pant legs should be worn over the outside of high-top shoes. Helmets or hand shields that provide protection for the face, neck, and ears, and a protective head covering should be used. In addition, appropriate eye protection should be used. When welding overhead or in confined spaces, ear plugs to prevent weld spatter from entering the ear canal should be worn in combination with goggles, or the equivalent, to give added eye protection. Clothing should be kept free of grease and oil. Combustible materials should not be carried in pockets. If any combustible substance has been spilled on clothing, a change to clean, fire-resistant clothing should be made before working with open arcs or flames. Aprons, cape-sleeves, leggings, and shoulder covers with bibs designed for welding service should be used. Where welding or cutting of unusually thick base metal is involved, sheet metal shields should be used for extra protection.

A8.2.7 Some flux cored electrodes can absorb significant moisture if stored in a humid environment in damaged or open packages, or especially if unprotected for long periods of time. In the worst cases of high humidity, even overnight exposure of unprotected electrodes can lead to a significant increase of diffusible hydrogen. In the event the electrode has been exposed, the manufacturer should be consulted regarding probable damage to low-hydrogen characteristics and possible reconditioning of the electrodes. A8.2.8 Not all flux cored electrode classifications may be available in the H16, H8, or H4 diffusible hydrogen levels. The manufacturer of a given electrode should be consulted for availability of products meeting these limits. A8.3 Aging of Tensile Specimens. Weld metals may contain significant quantities of hydrogen for some time 620.9

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Mechanization of highly hazardous processes or jobs should be considered. Other personnel in the work area should be protected by the use of noncombustible screens or by the use of appropriate protection as described in the previous paragraph. Before leaving a work area, hot workpieces should be marked to alert other persons of this hazard. No attempt should be made to repair or disconnect electrical equipment when it is under load. Disconnection under load produces arcing of the contacts and may cause burns or shock, or both. (Note: Burns can be caused by touching hot equipment such as electrode holders, tips, and nozzles. Therefore, insulated gloves should be worn when these items are handled, unless an adequate cooling period has been allowed before touching.) The following sources are for more detailed information on personal protection: (a) American National Standards Institute. ANSI/ ASC Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection . New York: American National Standards Institute.5 (b) —. ANSI Z41, Personal Protection — Protective Footwear . New York: American National Standards Institute. (c) American Welding Society. ANSI/ASC Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes. Miami, FL: American Welding Society.6 (d) OSHA. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 — Labor, Chapter XVII, Part 1910. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.7 A9.2 Electrical Hazards. Electric shock can kill. However, it can be avoided. Live electrical parts should not be touched. The manufacturer’s instructions and recommended safe practices should be read and understood. Faulty installation, improper grounding, and incorrect operation and maintenance of electrical equipment are all sources of danger. All electrical equipment and the workpieces should be grounded. The workpiece lead is not a ground lead; it is used only to complete the welding circuit. A separate connection is required to ground the workpiece. The correct cable size should be used, since sustained overloading will cause cable failure and result in possible electrical shock or fire hazard. All electrical connections should be tight, clean, and dry. Poor connections can overheat and even melt. Further, they can produce 5

ANSI standard may be obtained from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036.

dangerous arcs and sparks. Water, grease, or dirt should not be allowed to accumulate on plugs, sockets, or electrical units. Moisture can conduct electricity. To prevent shock, the work area, equipment, and clothing should be kept dry at all times. Welders should wear dry gloves and rubber-soled shoes, or stand on a dry board or insulated platform. Cables and connections should be kept in good condition. Improper or worn electrical connections may create conditions that could cause electrical shock or short circuits. Worn, damaged, or bare cables should not be used. Open-circuit voltage should be avoided. When several welders are working with arcs of different polarities, or when a number of alternating current machines are being used, the open-circuit voltages can be additive. The added voltages increase the severity of the shock hazard. In case of electric shock, the power should be turned off. If the rescuer must resort to pulling the victim from the live contact, nonconducting materials should be used. If the victim is not breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should be administered as soon as contact with the electrical source is broken. A physician should be called and CPR continued until breathing has been restored, or until a physician has arrived. Electrical burns are treated as thermal burns; that is, clean, cold (iced) compresses should be applied. Contamination should be avoided; the area should be covered with a clean, dry dressing; and the patient should be transported to medical assistance. Recognized safety standards such as ANSI/ASC Z49.1, and NFPA No. 70, National Electrical Code, should be followed.8 A9.3 Fumes and Gases. Many welding, cutting, and allied processes produce fumes and gases which may be harmful to health. Fumes are solid particles which originate from welding filler metals and fluxes, the base metal, and any coatings present on the base metal. Gases are produced during the welding process or may be produced by the effects of process radiation on the surrounding environment. Management, welders and other personnel should be aware of the effects of these fumes and gases. The amount and composition of these fumes and gases depend upon the composition of the electrode and base metal, welding process, current level, arc length and other factors. The possible effects of over exposure range from irritation of eyes, skin, and respiratory system to more severe complications. Effects may occur immediately

6

AWS standards may be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126. 7

OSHA standards may be obtained from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

8

NFPA documents are available from the National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

620.10


or at some later time. Fumes can cause symptoms such as nausea, headaches, dizziness and metal fume fever. The possibility of more serious health effects exists when especially toxic materials are involved. In confined spaces, the shielding gases and fumes might displace breathing air and cause asphyxiation. One’s head should always be kept out of the fumes. Sufficient ventilation, exhaust at the arc, or both, should be used to keep fumes and gases from your breathing zone and the general area. In some cases, natural air movement will provide enough ventilation. Where ventilation may be questionable, air sampling should be used to determine if corrective measures should be applied. Special precautions should be used when welding with the electrodes of the B3, B6, and B8 series. As a group, the fumes from the normal use of these electrodes contain significant amounts of hexavelant chromium (Cr VI) compounds. The permissible exposure limit (PEL) and the threshold limit value (TLV®) for Cr VI of 0.05 mg/m 3 as chromium will be exceeded before reaching the 5.0 mg/m3 threshold limit value for general welding fume. Therefor, for these products, monitoring for hexavelant chromium will be more conservative than monitoring for general welding fume. Short-term effects of excessive overexposure to Cr VI present in fumes may be an irritation to the breathing system. Some people may have allergic reactions. Chromium VI is considered a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the National Toxicology Program (NTP). However, evidence from studies involving welding fumes and gases containing chromium compounds do not confirm any carcinogenic risk when exposures are held within OSHA mandated limits. More detailed information on fumes and gases produced by the various welding processes may be found in the following: (a) The permissible exposure limits required by OSHA can be found in Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 — Labor, Chapter XVII, Part 1910. (b) The recommended threshold limit values for these fumes and gases may be found in Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Workroom Environment , published by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)9.

9 ACGIH

documents are available from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Suite 600, Cincinnati, OH 45240-1634

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(c) The results of an AWS-funded study are available in a report entitled, Fumes and Gases in the Welding Environment .

A9.4 Radiation. Welding, cutting, and allied operations may produce radiant energy (radiation) harmful to health. One should become acquainted with the effects of this radiant energy. Radiant energy may be ionizing (such as x-rays), or nonionizing (such as ultraviolet, visible light, or infrared). Radiation can produce a variety of effects such as skin burns and eye damage, depending on the radiant energy’s wavelength and intensity, if excessive exposure occurs. A9.4.1 Ionizing Radiation. Ionizing radiation is produced by the electron beam welding process. It is ordinarily controlled within acceptance limits by use of suitable shielding enclosing the welding area. A9.4.2 Nonionizing Radiation. The intensity and wavelengths of nonionizing radiant energy produced depend on many factors, such as the process, welding parameters, electrode and base-metal composition, fluxes, and any coating or plating on the base metal. Some processes, such as resistance welding and cold pressure welding, ordinarily produce negligible quantities of radiant energy. However, most arc welding and cutting processes (except submerged arc when used properly), laser beam welding and torch welding, cutting, brazing, or soldering can produce quantities of nonionizing radiation such that precautionary measures are necessary. Protection from possible harmful effects caused by nonionizing radiant energy from welding include the following measures: (a) One should not look at welding arcs except through welding filter plates which meet the requirements of ANSI/ASC Z87.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection. It should be noted that transparent welding curtains are not intended as welding filter plates, but rather are intended to protect passersby from incidental exposure. (b) Exposed skin should be protected with adequate gloves and clothing as specified in ANSI/ASC Z49.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes. (c) Reflections from welding arcs should be avoided, and all personnel should be protected from intense reflections. (Note: Paints using pigments of substantially zinc oxide or titanium dioxide have a lower reflectance for ultraviolet radiation.) (d) Screens, curtains, or adequate distance from aisles, walkways, etc., should be used to avoid exposing passersby to welding operations.

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AWS SFA-5.29 SPECIFICATION FOR LOW-ALLOY STEEL ELECTRODES FOR FLUX CORED ARC WELDING

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