CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A sidestand is a device on a bicycle or motorcycle that allows the bike to be kept upright without leaning against another object or the aid of a person. A kickstand is usually a piece of metal that flips down from the frame and makes contact with the ground. It is generally located in the middle of the bike or towards the rear. We may have witnessed motorcycle accidents because of the surface hindrance of retracted positioned side stand. One of the most common problems that are encountered in using the side stand is negligence or carelessness to kick back the side stand. The negligence may be due to absence of mind, urgency, divergence in concentration and few other reasons, which may prevent the rider to kick back the side stand to its original position released position!. "ailure to kick back the side stand for any of the reasons stated above abov e may hit the side stand to surface of road and there by affect the stability of the vehicle and lead to accident of the vehicle and riders involve in the accident, sometimes fatal. To ensure safety of the rider, during absence of mind, negligence, urgency or carelessness the side stand lock link helps in knowing the state of side stand prior to movement of vehicle. 1.1 Types Types of stands: stands: 1.1.1 Side stand
A side stand style kickstand is a single leg that simply flips out to one side, usually the non# drive side, and the bike then leans against it. $ide stands can be mounted to the chain stays right behind the bottom bracket or to a chain and seat stay near the rear hub. $ide stands mounted right behind the bottom bracket can be bolted on, either clamping the chain stays, or to the bracket between them, or welded into place as an integral part of the frame.
Fig!e 1 Side stand
1.1." Cent!e stand
A centre stand kickstand is a pair of legs or a bracket that flips straight down and lifts the rear wheel off the ground when in use. %entre stands can be mounted to the chain stays right behind the bottom bracket or to the rear dropouts. &any motorcycles feature centre stands in addition to side stands. The centre stand is advantageous because it takes most of the motorcycle's weight off its tires for long#term parking, and it allows the user to perform maintenance such as chain adjustments without the need for an e(ternal stand. %entre stands are found on most )standard) and )touring) motorcycles, but are omitted on most high#performance sport bikes to save weight and increase ground clearance.
Fig!e " Cent!e stand
The side stand lock link relates to the field of automobiles industry, especially for two#wheeler vehicles using side stand apart from the &ain centre stand provided therein for the resting of the vehicle. The side stand lock link makes the contact with the gear lever there by indicating the person handling the v ehicle about the unreleased un released side stand when the rider tries to apply the gear in unreleased state of stand and prevents him from being endanger or to have unsafe ride of motorcycle. The *ike $ide stand unfolded ride lock link for two wheelers is the one of the lifes lifesavi aving ng mechani mechanism sm which which prevent preventss the ride ride from from riding riding the bike bike in unrele unrelease ased d positi position on retracted position! of the side stand. This prevents the rider as well the vehicle to lose the center of gravity by imbalance or surface hindrance due to retracted positionof side stand and thereby saves life of the rider. The side stand lock link is cheap, rugged and easier to install without additional installations and fittings. The side stand of a motor bike can be retracted automatically
by using a motor and shaft circuit controlled by a driver circuit. The power supply can be given either by an e(ternal source like batteries or by internal power sources. The side stand of a motor bike is connected with the motor using a shaft. This motor is driven and controlled by a driver circuit and a micro controller. The rotation of the side stand and motion of the motor is controlled by the driver circuit which was internally connected with the motor. The motion of the side stand is monitored by a limiting switch . When the starter button is pressed the motor rotates in a direction to lift the side stand up. When the side stand reaches its limit, the power supply is cut off which can be identified using a limit switch. &icro controller and driver circuit are responsible for the direction of rotation of the motor. When the push button is pressed, the polarity of the motor along with the driver circuit gets reversed. +ence the motor rotates in the opposite direction. There will also be a limit switch at the original position of side stand before retraction. The power supply will be stopped as soon as the side stand reach the limiting switch. The side stand of a motor bike can be retracted automatically by using a motor and shaft circuit controlled by a driver circuit. The power supply can be given either by an e(ternal source like batteries or by internal power sources. The side stand of a motor bike is connected with the motor using a shaft. This motor is driven and controlled by a driver circuit and a micro controller. The rotation of the side stand and motion of the motor is controlled by the driver circuit which was internally connected with the motor. The motion of the side stand is monitored by a limiting switch . When the starter button is pressed the motor rotates in a direction to lift the side stand up. When the side stand reaches its limit, the power supply is cut off which can be identified using a limit switch. &icro controller and driver circuit are responsible for the direction of rotation of the motor. When the push button is pressed, the polarity of the motor along with the driver circuit gets reversed. +ence the motor rotates in the opposite direction. There will also be a limit switch at the original position of side stand before retraction. The power supply will be stopped as soon as the side stand reach the limiting switch. This technology can be regarded as the lifesaving one. About - of the accidents takes place due to the carelessness of this sort. $afety is the first and foremost motivation behind this system. /eduction of human work can also be achieved by this system. The cost and maintenance of the system is also economical. Our concept is to lift the side stand of a motor bike automatically with the help of a motor and a shaft arrangement using a controller circuits like micro controller or stopper circuits. This automatic technology is applicable to all the two wheelers with self#starting facility. In those two wheelers
without self#starting facility, a separate power source can be given to apply this technology. This technology is most important because of the number of accidents take place because of %arelessness is very high. $o it is essential to have a system to nullify this effect. This technology can be regarded as the lifesaving one. About - of the accidents takes place due to the carelessness of this sort. $afety is the first and foremost motivation behind this system. /eduction of human work can also be achieved by this system. The cost and maintenance of the system is also economical. Our concept is to lift the side stand of a motor bike automatically with the help of a motor and a shaft arrangement using a controller circuits like micro controller or stopper circuits. This automatic technology is applicable to all the two wheelers with self#starting facility. In those two wheelers without self#starting facility, a separate power source ca n be given to apply this technology. This technology is most important because of the number of accidents take place because of %arelessness is very high. $o it is essential to have a system to nullify this effect.
Fig!e # Ato$ati% side stand
0ow a day1s sensor are used for ensure that the stand is in released condition. The motorcycle side stand consists of a metallic rod and helical spring which is offset from the centre. $ome side stand retract automatically when the motorcycle is lifted up the support some other are fit with electrical interlocks, warning devices or special retracting mechanism. In this paper there is possibility to reduce the evident which is takes place by the side stand. $ide stand in two wheelers function the entire weight of the vehicle when it is parked. They are perfect on 2uick stop when one need to leave the vehicle for short while. They are provided with the spring that pulls it back into position to ensure e(tra safety. The presented mechanism consists of 3.%. motor powered by motorcycles battery. %onnected to the worm and worm gear mechanism for reduction of speed of motor and multiply the tor2ue. The motor is actuated by the /otation sensor which is mounted on the front of the wheel. A motorcycle side stand is nearly universal method of allowing a motorcycle rider to park his vehicle easily. If this stand is in the park position while the motorcycle is ridden through left turn a serious ha4ard e(ists. A new type stand side stand which is automatically retracting side stand is invented to prevent such type of accidents. $ide stand mounted behind bottom bracket and can be bolted on either clamping the chain stays, or welded in to place as an integral part of the frame. The motorcycle side stand consists of steel rod held in both park and stopped position by an over centered spring. It is to provide the stand stability and a support to the motorcycle. &any side stand designs, attachments, mechanisms and rider warning system. $ome side stand retracts automatically when the motorcycle is lifted off the support.
CHAPTER "
&ITRATURE RE'IE(
".1 San)ee* N + :- In I56$/T, report that the *ike $ide stand unfolded ride lock link for two
wheelers is the one of the lifesaving mechanism which prevents the ride from riding the bike in unreleased position retracted position! of the side stand. This prevents the rider as well the vehicle to lose the centre of gravity by imbalance or surface hindrance due to retracted position of side stand and thereby saves life of the rider. The side stand lock link is cheap, rugged and easier to install without additional installations and fittings. One of the most common problems that are encountered in using the side stand is negligence or carelessness to kick back the side stand. The negligence may be due to absence of mind, urgency, divergence in concentration and few other reasons, which may prevent the rider to kick back the side stand to its original position released position!. "ailure to kick back the side stand for any of the reasons stated above may hit the side stand to surface of road and there by affect the stability of the vehicle and lead to accident of the vehicle and riders involve in the accident, sometimes fatal. To ensure safety of the rider, during absence of mind, negligence, urgency or carelessness the side stand lock link helps in knowing the state of side stand prior to movement of vehicle. The side stand lock link relates to the field of automobiles industry, especially for two#wheeler vehicles using side stand apart from the &ain centre stand provided therein for the resting of the vehicle. The side stand lock link makes the contact with the gear lever there by indicating the person handling the vehicle about the unreleased side stand when the rider tries to apply the gear in unreleased state of stand and prevents him from being endanger or to have unsafe ride of motorcycle. The schematic representation of the link designed for front gear motorcycle. This is a new type of side stand which is automatically retracting the side stand through some mechanical and electronic arrangement. In this system microcontroller, speed sensor, dc battery is used. Through the speed sensor, sensor sense the rotation of the wheel and sends the signal to the microcontroller which is actuate the dc motor which is caused the disengage the stand from the road. "." E*e!ett, S.A :- The side stand is used for supporting a parked motorcycle. If the rider may
forget to retract the side stands before riding, then the undistracted stand hitting the ground and affected the riders control during the turn. 0ow a day1s sensor are used for ensure that the stand is in released condition. The motorcycle side stand consists of a metallic rod and helical spring which is offset from the centre. $ome side stand retract automatically when the motorcycle is lifted up the support some other are fit with electrical interlocks, warning devices or special
retracting mechanism. In this paper there is possibility to reduce the evident which is takes place by the side stand. $ide stand in two wheelers function the entire weight of the vehicle when it is parked. They are perfect on 2uick stop when one need to leave the vehicle for short while. They are provided with the spring that pulls it back into position to ensure e(tra safety. The presented mechanism consists of 3.%. motor powered by motorcycles battery. %onnected to the worm and worm gear mechanism for reduction of speed of motor and multiply the tor2ue. The motor is actuated by the /otation sensor which is mounted on the front of the wheel. A motorcycle side stand is nearly universal method of allowing a motorcycle rider to park his vehicle easily. If this stand is in the park position while the motorcycle is ridden through left turn a serious ha4ard e(ists. A new type stand side stand which is automatically retracting side stand is invented to prevent such type of accidents. $ide stand mounted behind bottom bracket and can be bolted on either clamping the chain stays, or welded in to place as an integral part of the frame. The motorcycle side stand consists of steel rod held in both park and stopped position by an over centre spring. It is to provide the stand stability and a support to the motorcycle. &any side stand designs, attachments, mechanisms and rider warning system. $ome side stand retracts automatically when the motorcycle is lifted off the support. $ome retract if they contact the ground when the motorcycle is moving. &any different concepts have been applied for this ha4ard. ".# (.S. Ha!ey and A!t! R :- &otorcycles are generally provided with stand for supporting
the motorcycles when they are not in use. The standard usually comprises a bar or rod which is pivotally attached to the lower portion of the motorcycle frame and is movable to a laterally, downwardly e(tending position so that the motorcycle can be tilted against and rest upon the bar. When the motorcycle is in use, the bar is swung upwardly and along the frame so that it will not interfere with the running of the motorcycle. Often the cyclist neglects to move the standard to its raised position and when a banked turn is made the standard strikes the ground and causes the motorcycle to be thrown to the ground, generally with serious conse2uences to both the cyclist and the motorcycle. *ased on the working prnciple of two#wheeler i.e the power is generated in the engine and it transmits power to the pinion and makes it to rotate. The pinion transmits power to the rear wheel pinion and makes the vehicle to move!. This is the basic principle followed in all types of two#wheelers, based on this 7automatic side stand retrieve system8 works.
"./ +a0io :- The side stand of a motor bike can be retracted automatically by using a motor
and shaft circuit controlled by a driver circuit. The power supply can be given either by an e(ternal source like batteries or by internal power sources. The side stand of a motor bike is connected with the motor using a shaft. This motor is driven and controlled by a driver circuit and a micro controller. The rotation of the side stand and motion of the motor is controlled by the driver circuit which was internally connected with the motor. The motion of the side stand is monitored by a limiting switch. When the starter button is pressed the motor rotates in a direction to lift the side stand up. When the side stand reaches its limit, the power supply is cut off which can be identified using a limit switch. &icro controller and driver circuit are responsible for the direction of rotation of the motor. When the push button is pressed, the polarity of the motor along with the driver circuit gets reversed. +ence the motor rotates in the opposite direction. There will also be a limit switch at the original position of side stand before retraction. The power supply will be stopped as soon as the side stand reach the limiting switch. This technology can be regarded as the lifesaving one. About - of the accidents takes place due to the carelessness of this sort. $afety is the first and foremost motivation behind this system. /eduction of human work can also be achieved by this system. The cost and maintenance of the system is also economical. Our concept is to lift the side stand of a motor bike automatically with the help of a motor and a shaft arrangement using a controller circuits like micro controller or stopper circuits. This automatic technology is applicable to all the two wheelers with self#starting facility. In those two wheelers without self#starting facility, a separate power source ca n be given to apply this technology. This technology is most important because of the number of accidents take place because of %arelessness is very high. $o it is essential to have a system to nullify this effect. ".2 Pintoo P!)apati :- In modern world the living status were developed and developing more
e2uipped. The automobile takes a great part in the development, since it plays one of a major key in daily life. While automobile is concern two#wheeler i.e. motorcycles and bike! it plays very important role because it saves the time of traveller b y reaching the target place very faster. &otorcycles are generally provided with stand for supporting the motorcycles when they are not in use. A motorcycle side stand is a nearly universal method of allowing a motorcycle rider to park his vehicle unattended easily. If this stand is in the park position while the motorcycle is ridden through left turn a serious safety ha4ard e(its. A new type side stand which
is automatically retracting side stand is invented to prevent such type of accidents. *ased on the working principal of two#wheeler i.e., the power is generated in the engine and it transmits power to the pinion and makes it to rotate. The pinion transmits power to the rear wheel pinion and makes the vehicle to move!. This is the basic principal followed in all type of two#wheelers, based on this 7sprocket side stand retrieve system8 is designed because this system works by getting power from chain drive. In Automatic side stand retrieve system, the side stand automatically gets retrieved if the rider forgets to lift the side stand while moving the bike. It1s working is based on the working principle of the two#wheelers. In motor bike power is transmitted from engine1s pinion to the rear wheel i.e. rotary motion of the pinion makes the linear motion of the chain. That linear motion of the chain is absorbed by rear wheel1s sprocket and converted into rotary motion!. That rotary motion of the rear wheel makes the bikes to move. *ased on this side stand retrieve system is designed. If $procket is kept between the chain drive, it make the sprocket to rotate. The working of this system is based on the sprocket. It gains the power from the chain and make specially designed component lifting lever! to rotate. This rotation incites engaged pushing lever to push the side stand to retrieve. When chain rotates in anti#clockwise direction the inciter assembly1s sprocket absorbs the power and rotates in clockwise direction. ".3 '. De$ido* :- Today, &otor cycles are used everywhere in all over the world. 3esigner
should design each and every component in the two wheelers with very at most safe and the product should be economical. In motor cycles, the side stand plays major roll while the vehicle is in rest condition. While the driver starting the motor cycle, there may be a possibility of forget to release the side stand. This will tend to unwanted troubles. To avoid the driver has to ensure that the side stand is released. $ide stand in two wheelers function the entire weight of the vehicle when it is parked. They are perfect on 2uick stops when one needs to leave the vehicle for a short while. They are provided with a spring that pulls it back into position to ensure e(tra safety. A side stand style kickstand is a single leg that flips out to one side, usually the non#drive side, and the bike then leans against it. $ide stands can be mounted to the chain stays right behind the bottom bracket or to a chain and seat stay near the rear hub. $ide stands mounted right behind the bottom bracket can be bolted on, either clamping the chain stays, or to the bracket between them, or welded into place as an integral part of the frame. A centre stand kickstand is a pair of legs or a bracket that flips straight down and lifts the rear wheel off the ground when in
use. %entre stands can be mounted to the chain stays right behind the bottom bracket or to the rear dropouts. &any motorcycles feature centre stands in addition to side stands. The centre stand is advantageous because it takes most of the motorcycle's weight off its tires for long#term parking, and it allows the user to perform maintenance such as chain adjustments without the need for an e(ternal stand. %entre stands are found on most )standard) and )touring) motorcycles, but are omitted on most high#performance sport bikes to save weight and increase ground clearance. $ide stand in two wheelers function the entire weight of the vehicle when it is parked. They are perfect on 2uick stops when one needs to leave the vehicle for a short while. They are provided with a spring that pulls it back into position to ensure e(tra safety. $ometimes the person who drives the two wheeler may forget to release the side stand. This will tend to unwanted danger and lack of concentration while driving. 0ow a day1s sensors are used for ensure that the stand is in released condition or not by indicating it using small lights in stash board. There is also a possibility to forget to see the light. This research paper focuses on to completely reduce the possibility of driving two wheelers without releasing the side stand. This may appropriate for all kind of two wheelers which are driven in gear system with low cost. In this research paper we are proposing an idea to overcome one of those accidents which take place due to the non#folding of the bike stand. ".4 He$ant Aso :- &otorcycles are generally provided with stand for supporting the motor
cycles when they are not in use .The standard usually comprises a bar or rod which is pivotally attached to the lower portion of the motor cycle frame and is movable to a late rally, downwardly e(tending position so that the motor cycle can be tilted against and rest upon the bar .When the motor cycle is in use the bar is swung upwardly and along the frame so that it will not interfere with the running of the motor cycle. Often the cyclist neglects to move the standard to its raised position and when a banked turn is made the standard strikes the ground and causes the motor cycle to be thrown to the ground, generally with serious conse2uences to both the cyclist and the motor cycle. In automatic side stand retrieval system, the side stand automatically gets retrieved if the rider forgets to lift the side stand while moving the bike. Its working is based on the working principle of the 9# wheelers. In motor bike power is transmitted from engines pinion to the rear wheel i.e. rotary motion of the pinion makes the linear motion of the chain. That linear motion of the chain is absorbed by rear wheel sprocket and converted into rotary motion!. That rotary motion of the rear wheel makes the bikes to move. *ased on this side stand retrieval
system is designed. If sprocket is kept between the chain drive, it makes the sprocket to rotate. The working of this system is based on the sprocket. It gains the power from the chain and make specially designed component :ifting lever! to rotate. This rotation incites engaged pushing lever to push the side stand to retrieve. When chain rotates in anti#clock wise direction the inciter assembly1s sprocket absorbs the power and rotates in clock wise direction. 7Automatic side stand system8 will definitely good retrieve system. since the setup is compact it does not affect the performance of the vehicle. because of the power is obtained from chain drive. 3efinitely this system could be used in all type of two#wheelers for retrieving the side stand. It will be the major system to control accidents due side stand problem and protect the careless rider. These system can be implemented in all types of bikes by changing small variation in si4e and cost of this system also very low and so it will not affect the economic level also. ".5 F!ede!i% 6.Tayo! :- A motorcycle side stand is nearly universal method of allowing a
motorcycle rider to park his vehicle easily. If this stand is in the park position while the motorcycle is ridden through left turn a serious ha4ard e(ists. A new type stand side stand which is automatically retracting side stand is invented to prevent such type of accidents. $ide stand mounted behind bottom bracket and can be bolted on either clamping the chain stays, or welded in to place as an integral part of the frame. This is a new type of side stand which is automatically retracting the side stand through some mechanical and electronic arrangement. In this system microcontroller, speed sensor, dc battery is used. Through the speed sensor, sensor sense the rotation of the wheel and sends the signal to the microcontroller which is actuate the dc motor which is caused the disengage the stand from the road. The standard usually comprises a bar or rod which is pivotally attached to the lower portion of the motor cycle frame and is movable to a late rally, downwardly e(tending position so that the motor cycle can be tilted against and rest upon the bar. When the motor cycle is in use the bar is swung upwardly and along the frame so that it will not interfere with the running of the motor cycle. Often the cyclist neglects to move the standard to its raised position and when a banked turn is made the standard strikes the ground and causes the motor cycle to be thrown to the ground, generally with serious conse2uences to both the cyclist and the motor cycle. ".7 8e!ia$, 9.&. and &.6.+!aige :- In modern world the living status were developed and
developing more e2uipped. The automobile takes a great part in the development, since it plays one of a major key in daily life. While automobile is concern two#wheeler i.e. motorcycles and
bike! it plays very important role because it saves the time of traveler by reaching the target place very faster. &otorcycles are generally provided with stand for supporting the motorcycles when they are not in use. A motorcycle side stand is a nearly universal method of allowing a motorcycle rider to park his vehicle unattended easily. If this stand is in the park position while the motorcycle is ridden through left turn a serious safety ha4ard e(its. A new type side stand which is automatically retracting side stand is invented to prevent such type of accidents. *ased on the working principal of two#wheeler i.e., the power is generated in the engine and it transmits power to the pinion and makes it to rotate. The pinion transmits power to the rear wheel pinion and makes the vehicle to move!. This is the basic principal followed in all type of two#wheelers, based on this 7sprocket side stand retrieve system8 is designed because this system works by getting power from chain drive. In Automatic side stand retrieve system, the side stand automatically gets retrieved if the rider forget to lift the side stand while moving the bike. ".1 8%Aey 9( :- In those two wheelers without self#starting facility, a separate power source
can be given to apply this technology. This technology is most important because of the number of accidents take place because of %arelessness is very high. $o it is essential to have a system to nullify this effect. our concept is to lift the side stand of a motor bike automatically with the help of a motor and a shaft arrangement using a controller circuits like micro controller or stopper circuits. This automatic technology is applicable to all the two wheelers with self#starting facility. Automatic stand is presently in use and 2uite successful. Although it has certain disadvantages; #
CHAPTER 3 CONSTRUCTION The whole construction of this system is simple and efficient. The arrangement and position of components makes the system to function. 6ach and every component has its own property and responsibility. The side stand is used for parking motorcycle. The main component of automatic
side stand are;
#.1CO8PONENTS: <. 9. >. ?. @. . B.
"rame or $tand Transformer /elay 3% &otor :imit $witch =ush *utton $ide $tand
#.1.1 FRA8E OR STAND:
In Automatic side stand the frame or stand are used which is in bo( shaped. We have used bo( shaped cross section because it has good bending stiffness. The frame or stand provide base for Transfarmer, 3.%. motor, and $witch. We have taken a from side frames of window. It bears the load of motor and side stand is bolted to it. The cross#section of the frame is;
:ength C < Inch <.@ foot! or
[email protected] centimeters +eight C <9 Inch < foot! or >-.? centimeters Width C <9 Inch < foot! or >-.? centimeters
The column of frame is made of cast iron and the stand is made by angles with the help of welding. The frame or stand is < foot i.e.>-.? centimeters long. The frame or stand provide base for Transfarmer, 3.%. motor, and $witch. It also provide the base to $ide $tand and other parts. #.1." TRANSFOR8ER
A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. 6lectromagnetic induction produces an electromotive force
across a conductor which is e(posed to time varying magnetic fields. %ommonly, transformers are used to increase or decrease the voltages of alternating current in electric power applications. A varying current in the transformer's primary winding creates a varying magnetic flu( in the transformer core and a varying magnetic field impinging on the transformer's secondary winding. This varying magnetic field at the secondary winding induces a varying electromotive force 6&"! or voltage in the secondary winding due to electromagnetic induction. ;asi% p!in%ipes of T!ansfa!$e!:
According to "araday's law of induction, since the same magnetic flu( passes through both the primary and secondary windings in an ideal transformer, a voltage is induced in each winding. The primary 6&" is sometimes termed counter 6&". This is in accordance with :en4's law, which states that induction of 6&" always opposes development of any such change in magnetic field. *y Ohm's :aw and the ideal transformer identity; • •
The secondary circuit load impedance. The apparent load impedance referred to the primary circuit to be e2ual to the turns ratio s2uared times the secondary circuit load impedance.
"ig >.<# I36A: T/A0$"O/&6/
&eaage f<
Fig 3.2 LEAKAGE FLUX OF A TRANSFORMER The ideal transformer model assumes that all flu( generated by the primary winding links all the turns of every winding, including itself. In practice, some flu( traverses paths that take it outside the windings. $uch flu( is termed leakage flux, and results in leakage inductance in series with the mutually coupled transformer windings. :eakage flu( results in energy being alternately stored in and discharged from the magnetic fields with each cycle of the power supply. It is not directly a power loss, but results in inferior voltage regulation, causing the secondary voltage not to be directly proportional. T!ansfo!$e! sed:
The Transformer is used in the automatic side stand is<9 volt or @ ampere transformer. Transformer converts the 3.%. into A.%. The power amount given to the Automatic side stand is low but from the supply power is came high, so we use the step down transformer which step down the power for usable in Automatic side stand.
Fig 3.3 CIRCUIY DIAGRAM OF TRNSFORMER
#.1.# RE&A=
/elay, is an electrically controlled switch. If a switch contact mechanism is built so that it can be actuated opened and closed! by the application of a magnetic field, and an electromagnet coil is placed in the near vicinity to produce that re2uisite field, it will be possible to open and close the switch by the application of a current through the coil. In effect, this gives us a device that enables electricity to control electricity. /elays can be constructed to actuate multiple switch contacts, or operate them in )reverse) energi4ing the coil will !e" the switch contact and empowering thecoil will allow it to spring closed again!.
Fig 3.# $ Rela% /elay constructed for the purpose of creating a physical force via its magnetic field when energi4ed!, the effect of inductive )kickback) serves no useful purpose at all. In fact, it is 2uite detrimental to the switch, as it will cause e(cessive arcing at the contacts, greatly reducing their service life. There are several practical methods of mitigating the high voltage transient created when the switch is opened, but none so simple as the so#called &''u(a(i"g )i)e.
"ig. >.@ C %ommutating 3iode In this circuit, the diode is placed in parallel with the coil, in such a way that it will be reverse# biased when 3% voltage is applied to the coil through the switch. Thus, when the coil is energi4ed, the diode conducts no current.
"ig. >. C %ircuit 3iagram with $witch %losed
%ondition
#.1./ D.C. 8OTOR
3% motor is designed for two speed operation. It consists of three brushes namely; common, low speed, high speed. Two of the brushes will be supplied for different made of operation. The 3% motor does not oscillate back and forth, it rotates continuously in one direction like most others motors. The rotational motion is converted to the back and forth wiper motion by a series of mechanical linkage. This type of motor is called a gear head or motor end has advantage of having lots of tor2ue. The dc motor works on <9volt 3.%. battery. A 3% motor is designed to run on 3% electric power. Two e(amples of pure 3% designs are &ichael "araday's homopolar motor which is uncommon!, and the ball bearing motor , which is so far! a novelty. *y far the most common 3% motor types are the brushed and brushless types, which use internal and e(ternal commutation respectively to create an oscillating A% current from the 3% sourceDso they are not purely 3% machines in a strict sense. T=PES OF D.C. 8OTORS: ;!sed DC $oto!s
The classic 3% motor design generates an oscillating current in a wound rotor, or armature, with a split ring commutator , and either a wound or permanent magnet stator. A rotor consists of one or more coils of wire wound around a core on a shaftE an electrical power source is connected to the rotor coil through the commutator and its brushes, causing current to flow in it, producing electromagnetism. The commutator causes the current in the coils to be switched as the rotor turns, keeping the magnetic poles of the rotor from ever fully aligning with the magnetic poles of the stator field, so that the rotor never stops like a compass needle does! but rather keeps rotating indefinitely as long as power is applied and is sufficient for the motor to overcome the shaft tor2ue load and internal losses due to friction, etc.!
Brushless DC motors $ome of the problems of the brushed 3% motor are eliminated in the brushless design. In this motor, the mechanical )rotating switch) or commutatorFbrushgear assembly is replaced by an e(ternal electronic switch synchronised to the rotor's position. *rushless motors are typically @# G- efficient or more higher efficiency for a brushless electric motor of up to G.@ were reported by researchers at the Tokai Hniversity in 5apan in 9--G!, <J whereas 3% motors with brushgear are typically B@#- efficient. &idway between ordinary 3% motors and stepper motors lies the realm of the brushless 3% motor . *uilt in a fashion very similar to stepper motors, these often use a permanent magnet e(ternal rotor, three phases of driving coils, one or more +all effect sensors to sense the position of the rotor, and the associated drive electronics. The coils are activated, one phase after the other, by the drive electronics as cued by the signals from either +all effect sensors or from the back 6&" electromotive force! of the undriven coils. In effect, they act as three#phase synchronous motors containing their own variable#fre2uency drive electronics. A speciali4ed class of brushless 3% motor controllers utili4e 6&" feedback through the main phase connections instead of +all effect sensors to determine position and velocity. These motors are used e(tensively in electric radio#controlled vehicles. Co!eess o! i!oness DC $oto!s
0othing in the design of any of the motors described above re2uires that the iron steel! portions of the rotor actually rotateE tor2ue is e(erted only on the windings of the electromagnets. Taking
advantage of this fact is the %o!eess o! i!oness DC $oto! , a speciali4ed form of a brush or brushless 3% motor. Optimi4ed for rapid acceleration, these motors have a rotor that is constructed without any iron core. The rotor can take the form of a winding#filled cylinder, or a self#supporting structure comprising only the magnet wire and the bonding material. The rotor can fit inside the stator magnetsE a magnetically#soft stationary cylinder inside the rotor provides a return path for the stator magnetic flu(. A second arrangement has the rotor winding basket surrounding the stator magnets. In that design, the rotor fits inside a magnetically#soft cylinder that can serve as the housing for the motor, and likewise provides a return path for the flu(. 1"* D.C. 6EAR 8OTOR:
Kear motor is used for automatic side stand because •
&otor is used to convert electrical energy to mechan ical energy
•
Kear is used for speed reduction worm gear!
"ig. >.G 1"* D.C. 6EAR 8OTOR Po>e!ing te $oto! -
Loltage# the standard voltage re2uirement for the motor is <9v 3%. The electrical system in a running automobile usually puts out between <> and <>.@ volts, so it1s safe to say the motor can handle up to <>.@ volts with no problem. I wouldn1t recommend any voltages higher than that. *ut the current supply is more than the <9v so we used the <9v or @ ampere step down transformer to control the power supply. CA&CU&ATION FOR D.C. ?6EARED 8OTOR@
/ated powerM<--W &a(imum operating speedM9?--r.p.m Keared motor speed reduction! Operating speedM<@r.p.m %onsider a load of N kg to be WM
.9 s in>- M @.? 0 cm. =eak tor2ue M m g l M .9 M <<>. 0 cm. %urrent at continuous tor2ue; = M 90TF M 9 < @ @ .?FB - < -M .G>9 = M L I
⇒ .G>9 <9 I ⇒ I M -.B??A
#.1.2 &I8IT S(ITCH
A limit switch is confure! to !etect when " s#stem$s element h"s mo%e! to " cert"in &osition' A s#stem o&er"tion is triere! when " limit switch is tri&&e!' The &ower su&&l# will (e sto&&e! "utom"tic"ll# when the si!e st"n! re"ches the limit switch'
)i' 3'*+ ,I-IT S.ITCH #.1.3 PUSH ;UTTON:
In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. The most familiar form of switch is a manually operated electromechanical device with one or more sets of electrical contacts, which are connected to e(ternal circuits. 6ach set of contacts can be in one of two states; either )closed) meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or )open), meaning the contacts are separated and the switch is non conducting. The mechanism actuating the transition between these two states open or closed! can be either a )toggle) flip switch for continuous )on) or )off)! or )momentary) push#for )on) or push#for )off)! type.
A switch may be directly manipulated by a human as a control signal to a system, such as a computer keyboard button, or to control power flow in a circuit, such as a light switch. Automatically operated switches can be used to control the motions of machines, for e(ample, to indicate that a garage door has reached its full open position or that a machine tool is in a position to accept another workpiece. $witches may be operated by process variables such as pressure, temperature, flow, current, voltage, and force, acting as sensors in a process and used to automatically control a system. "or e(ample, a thermostat is a temperature#operated switch used to control a heating process. A switch that is operated by another electrical circuit is called a relay. :arge switches may be remotely operated by a motor drive mechanism. $ome switches are used to isolate electric power from a system, providing a visible point of isolation that can be padlocked if necessary to prevent accidental operation of a machine during maintenance, or to prevent electric shock. An ideal switch would have no voltage drop when closed, and would have no limits on voltage or current rating. It would have 4ero rise time and fall time during state changes, and would change state without )bouncing) between on and off positions. =ractical switches fall short of this idealE they have resistance, limits on the current and voltage they can handle, finite switching time, etc. The ideal switch is often used in circuit analysis as it greatly simplifies the system of e2uations to be solved, but this can lead to a less accurate solution.
#.1.4 SIDE STAND
A $ide stand is a device on a bicycle or motorcycle that allows the bike to be kept upright without leaning against another object or the aid of a person. A )smaller, more convenient) kickstand was developed by 5oseph =aul Treen, the father of former :ouisiana Kovernor, 3ave Treen. A kickstand is usually a piece of metal that flips down from the frame and makes contact with the ground. It is generally located in the middle of the bike or towards the rear. $ome touring bikes have two; one at the rear, and a second in the front. A side stand style kickstand is a single leg that simply flips out to one side, usually the non#drive side, and the bike then leans against it. $ide stands can be mounted to the chain stays right behind the bottom bracket or to a chain and seat stay near the rear hub. $ide stands mounted right
behind the bottom bracket can be bolted on, either clamping the chain stays or to the bracket between them, or welded into place as an integral part of the frame.
"ig. >.<< $I36 $TA03
CHAPTER 2
CONC&USION B FUTURE SCOPE
2.1 Con%sion
It will help over the for two#wheelers for safe riding and prevents accidents The automatic side stand is a very complicated setup and re2uires e(pert knowledge to install. When fitted from local shops. The operation is dependent upon battery so a powerful battery is must. It doesn1t not affect the overall running cost and weight of the two wheelers .hence it can be inferred that the automatic side stands is a very fle(ible system to operate, remarkably support the better stability. 7Automatic side stand system8 will definitely good retrieve system. $ince the setup is compact it does not affect the performance of the vehicle. *ecause of the power is obtained from chain drive. 3efinitely this system could be used in all type of two#wheelers Tvs#P:, all front, back,hand geared! for retrieving the side stand, it will be the major system to control accidents due side stand problem and protect the careless rider. This system can be implemented in all types of bikes by changing small variation in si4e and cost of this system also very low and so it will not affect the economic level also. Automatic stand is presently in use and 2uite successful. Although it has certain disadvantages.
The project has come out as a grand success. We learn more and more in our project. It is different e(perience to our self we well. $uccessfully finish the project. We well to step by step testing in that. /esult all so very well. This project is useful for all the peo ples.
2." Ft!e S%ope
This is an new and revolutionary techni2ue in the world of automation. It enhance the safety of rider life and reduce road accidental probability. This techni2ue is to inplement in all two wheelers for human life safety. "or a careless rider, its usual mistake to remove side stand and it leads to something wrongmiss happening!. We can implement this and reduce a factor of accidents - /educe human nullified
# /educe two wheeler accident probability # &ore suitable and compact mechanism to enhance safety
REFERENCES I$$0; 99BB#G@@ 9! 6verett, $.A., $hults, /.A., *arrios, :.%., $acks, 5.5., :owry, /. and Oeltmann, 5. 9--!W.$. +arley and Arthur /. %onstantine assignors to +arley 3avidson &otor %o., &ilwaukee. ! L. 3emidov, < and A3$>?B. G! &eriam, 5.:. and :.K.Qraige., E>B9>!;@?! http;FFen.wikipedia.orgFwikiFQickstand
