Cold Formed Structural Hollow Sections & Profiles Fourth Edition
OneSteel Market Mills is Australia’s leading manufacturer of tubular and profile sections, offering a wide range and variety of sizes and product finishes to meet your needs. OneSteel Market Mills’ primary strength is its people, who have the ability to provide distinct competencies through our research and development, production, sales, marketing and technical support, to make a difference for you.
Providing Providin g Innovative Solution At OneSteel Market Market Mills we know the only way we have become the premier manufacturer manufacturer of steel hollow sections and profiles profiles is because of what we offer to our customers. Our commitment to customers goes beyond providing the best quality, best delivery and best service...we also provide you with innovative solutions.
Expert Technical Support When you buy from OneSteel Market Mills, the products are supported by a network of Engineers and Technical personnel who are able to supply design assistance and product support to help you get the best advantage from our products.
The Coating Range Manufactured by cold forming and electric resistance welding, OneSteel Market Mills hollow sections have all the features: Manufactured strength, good looks, looks, weld integrity, integrity, smooth uniform profile. profile. There is also a range of angles, angles, channels and flats available with the famous DuraGal finish. There are a number of coating alternatives: In-line, Hot-dip Galvanized “ For DuraGal“ and Galtube Plus , a controlled in-line, hot-dip galvanized coating is applied that fully covers the weld. Galtube Plus“ is further protected internally by a paint coating applied over a prepared metal surface. Hot-dip Galvanized A 300 g/m 2 minimum average hot-dip galvanized coating is applied to both the external and internal surfaces.
Blue Painted RHS / Red Painted CHS A smooth, even coat of general purpose paint is applied to act as a temporary rust preventative. preventative. Clear Coat A clear polymer coat is applied to the external surface for protection prior to fabrication. No Oil or Paint The tube is supplied in the as rolled condition without protective coatings.
Clear Coat
In-line, Hot-dip Galvanized
Hot-dip Galvanized
Blue Painted
No Oil or Paint
OneSteel Market Mills is Australia’s leading manufacturer of tubular and profile sections, offering a wide range and variety of sizes and product finishes to meet your needs. OneSteel Market Mills’ primary strength is its people, who have the ability to provide distinct competencies through our research and development, production, sales, marketing and technical support, to make a difference for you.
Providing Providin g Innovative Solution At OneSteel Market Market Mills we know the only way we have become the premier manufacturer manufacturer of steel hollow sections and profiles profiles is because of what we offer to our customers. Our commitment to customers goes beyond providing the best quality, best delivery and best service...we also provide you with innovative solutions.
Expert Technical Support When you buy from OneSteel Market Mills, the products are supported by a network of Engineers and Technical personnel who are able to supply design assistance and product support to help you get the best advantage from our products.
The Coating Range Manufactured by cold forming and electric resistance welding, OneSteel Market Mills hollow sections have all the features: Manufactured strength, good looks, looks, weld integrity, integrity, smooth uniform profile. profile. There is also a range of angles, angles, channels and flats available with the famous DuraGal finish. There are a number of coating alternatives: In-line, Hot-dip Galvanized “ For DuraGal“ and Galtube Plus , a controlled in-line, hot-dip galvanized coating is applied that fully covers the weld. Galtube Plus“ is further protected internally by a paint coating applied over a prepared metal surface. Hot-dip Galvanized A 300 g/m 2 minimum average hot-dip galvanized coating is applied to both the external and internal surfaces.
Blue Painted RHS / Red Painted CHS A smooth, even coat of general purpose paint is applied to act as a temporary rust preventative. preventative. Clear Coat A clear polymer coat is applied to the external surface for protection prior to fabrication. No Oil or Paint The tube is supplied in the as rolled condition without protective coatings.
Clear Coat
In-line, Hot-dip Galvanized
Hot-dip Galvanized
Blue Painted
No Oil or Paint
CONTENTS
Page
PRODUCT INFORMA INFORMATION TION Circular Hollow Sections Surface Finish................................................................... Finish .......................................................................................................................... ....................................................... 1 Mechanical Properties .......................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................. ... 1 Size Range ......................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................... 1 End Finish .................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ ............................................ 1 Length Range .................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................... ......................... 2 Chemistry ........................................................................... ................................................................................................................................. ...................................................... 2 Tolerances ............................................................................................. ................................................................................................................................ ................................... 2
Square/Rectangular Hollow Sections Surface Finish................................................................... Finish .......................................................................................................................... ....................................................... 3 Mechanical Properties .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ........................... 3 Size Range ........................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................. ................... 3 End Finish ..................................................... .............................................................................................................. .......................................................................... ................. 3 Length Range .............................................. ................................................................................................... ............................................................................ ....................... 4 Chemistry Chemi stry ............................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ ................................................. 4 Tolerances olerance s ..................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... .......................................... 4 Corner Radii .............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................... 4
Angles, Channels and Flats Surface Finish................................................................... Finish .......................................................................................................................... ....................................................... 5 Mechanical Properties .................................................................................. ............................................................................................................. ........................... 5 Size Range ........................................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................. ................... 5 End Finish ..................................................... .............................................................................................................. .......................................................................... ................. 5 Length Range .............................................. ................................................................................................... ............................................................................ ....................... 5 Chemistry Chemi stry ............................................................................... ................................................................................................................................ ................................................. 5 Tolerances olerance s ..................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... .......................................... 5 Corner Radii .............................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................. ............................... 6
Welding ........................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................... ......................................... 7
Painting ........................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................... ......................................... 7
Bending Draw Bending Bending Using an Internal Mandrel - CHS & RHS ............. .................... ............. ............. ............. ............. ............. ........... ..... 7 Press Bending or Draw Bending Without a Mandrel Mandrel - CHS ..................................................... 7 Roll Curving .................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ......................................... 7 Crush Bending - RHS .......................................................................... .............................................................................................................. .................................... 7 Ram Bending - CHS ............................................................................. ................................................................................................................. .................................... 8
Definitions ........................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................... ......................................... 9
PRODUCT PRODUCT AVAILA AVAILABILTY BILTY Unless otherwise noted in the section property pro perty tables, section sizes listed are preferred sizes for each of the product designations. Not all surface coating, size and thickness combinations will be stocked in all centres. Check with your steel distributor(s) to confirm availability or visit our web site www.onesteel.com
November 2004
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
i
CONTENTS - Continued
Page
DIMENSIONS AND SECTION PROPERTIES 1
Circular Ho Hollow S Se ections
1.1
Tubeline ® Grade C250L0 (AS 1163) ................................................................... ................................ ............................................................ ......................... 10
1.2
Tubeline ® /UltraPipe /UltraPipe ® Grade Grade C350L0 C350L0 (AS 1163) ........ ............... .............. .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. .............. ............... .......... 12
1.3
Tubeline ® Grade C350L0 (Tubeline (Tubeline 350L0-T 350L0-Type ype 2 & Type 3) ................................... ........................................................ ..................... 15
1.4
DuraGa ® l Grade C350L0 C350L0 ................................................................... ................................. ................................................................... ......................................... ........ 16
1.5
GaltubePlus ® C350L0 (Tubelin (Tubeline e 350L0-T 350L0-Type ype 1) ................................................................... .................................. ......................................... ........ 17
2
Rectangular Ho Hollow S Se ections
2.1
Tubeline ® Grade C350L0 (AS 1163) ................................................................... ................................ ............................................................ ......................... 18
2.2
DuraGa ® l DualGrade ® C350L0/C45 C350L0/C450L0 0L0 (AS 1163) ................................................................ ................................ ...................................... ...... 21
2.3
Galtube Plus ® C350L0 (Tubeline (Tubeline 350L0-Type 1)............................... 1) .................................................................. ........................................... ........ 23
3
Square Hollow Sections
3.1
Tubeline ® Grade C350L0 (AS 1163) ................................................................... ................................ ............................................................ ......................... 24
3.2
Tubeline ® Grade C350L0 C350L0 (Tubelin (Tubeline e 350L0-T 350L0-Type 2) ..................................................................... ................................. ...................................... .. 27
3.3
DuraGa ® l DualGrade ® C350L0/C45 C350L0/C450L0 0L0 (AS 1163) ................................................................ ................................ ...................................... ...... 28
3.4
Galtube Plus ® C350L0 (Tubeline (Tubeline 350L0-Type 1)............................... 1) .................................................................. ........................................... ........ 30
4
Rail Sections
4.1
DuraGa ® l DualGrade ® C350L0/C4 C350L0/C450L0 50L0 (AS 1163 1163)) ................................................................ ................................ ...................................... ...... 31
5
Angles
5.1
DuraGa ® l Equal Angles C450L0 and C400L0 (TS 100)
5.2
5.1.1
Dimension Dimension and Full Section Section Properties Properties ....... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. ............... .......... .. 32
5.1.2 5.1. 2
Effectiv Effe ctive e Section Section Properties Properties ....... .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............ ..... 36
5.1.3 5.1. 3
Section Section Properties Properties for Membe Memberr Stabilit Stability y ....... ............. ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ........... .... 40
DuraGa ® l Unequal Angles C450L0 (TS 100) 5.2.1
Dimension Dimension and Full Section Section Properties Properties ....... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. ............... .......... .. 41
5.2.2 5.2. 2
Effectiv Effe ctive e Section Section Properties Properties ....... .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............ ..... 43
5.2.3 5.2. 3
Section Section Properties Properties for Membe Memberr Stabilit Stability y ....... ............. ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ........... .... 45
6
Channels
6.1
DuraGa ® l Channels C450L0 and C400L0 (TS 100) 6.1.1
Dimension Dimension and Full Section Section Properties Properties ....... .............. .............. .............. .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. ............... .......... .. 46
6.1.2 6.1. 2
Effectiv Effe ctive e Section Section Properties Properties ....... .............. ............... ............... .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ............ ..... 47
6.1.3 6.1. 3
Section Section Properties Properties for Membe Memberr Stabilit Stability y ....... ............. ............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. .............. ........... .... 48
7
Flats
7.1
DuraGa ® l Flats Flats C400L0 and C350L0 (TS 100) ............................................................................ 49
8
Lintels (Angles) Dimension and Section Properties for DuraGal ® Plus for Masonry Lintels are are contained within the tables for DuraGal ® Angles, Sections 5.1 and 5.2 as above
ii
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
November 2004
CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS Surface Finish
Mechanical Properties
®
DuraGal CHS
Specified Minimum Mechanical Properties
External Surface - In-line Hot dip galvanized over a prepared prepared metal surface, to produce a fully bonded coating with a minimum average coating mass of 100g/m 2, in accordance with Coating Class ILG100 of AS/NZS 4792: Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow sections, applied by a continuous or specialized process. The process. The external zinc coating then has a surface conversion coating applied to improve resistance to white rusting and improve the adhesion of paint and powder coatings.
DuraGal ® CHS (Internally (Internally painted) painted)
Product Designation
Standard Grade or Specification
5.65 S o
®
Galtube Plus CHS External Surface - In-line Hot dip galvanized over a prepared prepared metal surface, to produce a fully bonded coating with a minimum average coating mass of 125g/m 2, in accordance with Coating Class ILG125 of AS/NZS 4792: Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow sections, applied by a continuous or specialized process . process . The exter nal zinc coating then has a surface conversion coating applied to improve resistance to white rusting and improve the adhesion of paint and powder coatings.
430
15
®
AS 1163 C250L0 AS 1163 C350L0 Tubeline 350L0 - Type 2 350L0 Tubeline 350L0 - Type 3 350L0
250 350
320 430
22 20
350
380
12
350
430
12
350
430
20
350
380
18
Tubeline
®
UltraPipe Galt Galtub ube e Plus ®
AS 1163
C350L0
Tubel ubelin ine e 350 350L0 L0 - Type 1 350L0
Typical Mechanical Properties Product Designation
Standard Grade or Specification
Mean (Max.) Yield Str Stress ess f y
DuraGal C350 C350L0
Tubeline ®
A hot dip galvanized coating is applied over prepared metal surfaces to both the external and internal surfaces to produce a fully bonded coating with a minimum average coating mass of 300g/m 2 in accordance Coating Class HDG300 of AS/NZS 4792: Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow sections, applied by a continuous or specialised process.
Mean Mean (Max.) (Maximum) Tensile Elongation as a Stre Stren ngth Proportio rtion n of f u Gauge Length of 5.65 S o
AS 1163
Refer to the sections below for a description and the availability of the various surface finishes within the Tubeline ® range. Hot Dip Galvanized (HDG) - Availability: 26.9 to 165.1 mm.
(%)
350
DuraGal ®
Tubeline CHS
(MPa)
DuraGal C350 C3 C 350L0
Interna Internall Surface Surface - A 35 µm aim DFT of Zinc Phosphate paint is applied over a prepared metal surface. ®
(MPa) DuraGal ®
External Surface - As for DuraGal Internal Surface - A 35 µm aim DFT of Zinc Phosphate paint is applied over a prepared metal surface. Internally painted DuraGal ® CHS available ex-mill rollings only.
Minimum Minimum Minimum Yield Tensile Elongation as a Stress Strength Proportion of f y f u Gauge Length of
C250L0 C350L0
Galtube Plus ®
Tubeline 350L0 - Type 1 350L0
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
525 (593) 376 (478) 436 (535)
572 (638) 399 (501) 498 (578)
22.0 (35.0) 32.4 (52.5) 32.2 (56.9)
406 (496)
435 (518)
27.4 (46.0)
L0 indicates that CHS has Charpy V-notch impact properties as specified in AS 1163. Table 10.4.1 of AS 4100 Steel Structures permits AS 1163 L0 grades to have the following minimum permissi ble service temperatures:
Red Painted - Availability: 21.3 to 165.1 mm. A smooth, even coat of a red, general purpose paint is applied to the external surface to act as a temporary rust preventative. The paint coating is 6 to12 microns DFT. This temporary coating should be removed prior to powder-coating or the application of coating systems intended for corrosion protection or architectural finishes. It is easily removed with any of the commercially available solvent based paint strippers, also usually removed as part of the available pre-treatment (caustic bath) system used in the batch hot dip galvanizing process. The resultant steel surface from the manufacturing process prior to the red paint being applied is of better appearance than AS1627.4 Class 1. OneSteel strongly recommends that you check with your coatings manufacturer or supplier whether any additional surface preparation may need to be carried out on the pipe surface, prior to the application of any paint primers, top coats or special finishes. Black (Clear Coat) - Availability: 21.3 to 60.3 and 168.3 to 457.0 mm. A smooth, even coat of a clear polymer as a temporary rust preventative is applied to the external surface. surface. It is easily removed with any of the the commercially available solvent based paint strippers, and is normally removed prior to galvanizing as part of the available pre-treatments (caustic bath) used in the batch hot dip galvanizing process. Black (Uncoated) - Availability: Availability: 76.1 to 165.1 mm. Both the external and internal surface of the tube is supplied in the as rolled condition without protective coatings. No Oil or Paint (NOP) - Availability: 21.3 to 457.0 mm. Both the external and internal surface of the tube is supplied in the as rolled condition without protective coatings. The ends are not colour coded. NB: from mill rollings only, minimum order quantities m ay apply. apply. Oiled - This is not a mill option for the OneSteel products within this publication
November 2004
Thickness (mm)
Low Lowest est On One Da Day Mea Mean n Amb Ambie ient ntTempe mperatu raturre (o C)
t £ £ 6
-30
6 < 6 < t £ 12 12
-20
12 < 12 < t £ 20 20
-10
CHS Size Range Quality/Product Quality/Product
Standard/Spec ification & Grade Size Range OD (mm)
Extra Light Tubeline ®
AS 1163 C350L0
26.9 to 139.7
DuraGal ®
DuraGal C350L0
26.9 to 76.1
Tubeline 350L0-Type 3 AS 1163 C350L0
21.3 26.9 to 165.1
Tubeline 350L0-Type 2 AS 1074/AS 1163 C250L0
21.3 26.9 to 165.1
Tubeline 350L0-Type 2 AS 1074/AS 1163 C250L0
21.3 26.9 to 165.1
Light Tubeline ® Medium Tubeline ® Heavy Tubeline ® Extra Heavy Tubeline ®
AS 1163 C250L0
Large Structural Tubeline / UltraPipe UltraPipe ® AS 1163 C350L0 Galtube Plus ® Tubeline 350L0-Type 1
48.3 to 88.9 168.3 to 457.0 26.9 to 76.1
Thicknesses available within the above size range are listed in the Section Property tables.
End Finish The standard end finish for Structural Circular Hollow Sections is mill cut ends. See “Definitions” for more information.
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
1
N O I T A M R O F N I T C U D O R P
CIRCULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS - Continued Length Range
Tolerances
Size OD (mm)
Thickness *1 (mm)
Product and Surface Finish * 2
Standard Length (m)
26.9 to 42.4
2.0
DuraGal ®
6.5
48.3 to 76.1 26.9 to 76.1
2.3 2.0 to 2.6
Galtube Plus ® ,
6.5 6.5
26.9 to 165.1
2.3 to 5.4
Tubeline ® - HDG
6.5
7.3
21.3 to 42.4 2.0 to 4.0 48.3 to 88.9 2.3 to 5.9 114.3 to 165.1 3.2 to 5.4
Tubeline ® - NOP, Black or Red Painted
6.5 6.5 6.5
8.0 13.0 12.2
168.3 to 457.0 4.8 to 12.7
Tubeline ® /UltraPipe ® Black or NOP
12.0
12.0
Cross Section
Maximum Length (m) 8.0 13.0 8.0
Outside Diameter d o ( mm)
Maximum Permissible Variation in Specified Outside Diameter (mm)
£ 50
+0.4, -0.8
> 50
± 0.01d o
Thickness 1
*
* 2
For products designated DuraGal ® , Galtube Plus ® , Tubeline ® , and UltraPipe ®
All thicknesses are not availa ble in all sizes. Check the tables in this publication for details, enquire for others. All finishes and product types are not available in all sizes and lengths. Refer to our website www.onesteel.com or your steel distributor(s),enquire for others. See Surface Finish definitions at start of this section or in “Definitions”
±10% of nominal Note :
Chemistry Specification
N O I T A M R O F N I T C U D O R P
Chemical Composition (Cast or Product) % max. C
Si
Mn
AS 1163 C250L0 0.12 Tubeline ® 350L0 - Type 1 Tubeline ® 350L0 - Type 2
0.05
0.50
AS 1163 C350L0 0.20 DuraGal ® C350 Tubeline ® 350L0 - Type 3
0.25
P
S
0.040 0.030
Al
CE
0.10
0.25
(AS 1163)
Galt ube Plus ® :
The section property tables within this publication for Galtube Plus ® , have data that has been calculated using a design thickness to comply with AS/NZS 4600 Clause 1.5.1.6. (refer to the notes accompanying each table for Galtube Plus ® ,). Mass
1.60
0.040 0.030
0.10
For products designated DuraGal ® , Tubeline ® , UltraPipe ®
0.39
not less than 96% of nominal
(AS 1163)
Straightness The following table lists typical chemical compositions and carbon equivalents of the steels used: Specification
Specified length 500
Typical Chemical Composition % C
Si
Mn
P
S
Al
CE
AS 1163 C250L0 Tubeline ® 350L0 - Type 1 Tubeline ® 3 50L0 - Type 2
0.04 to 0.07
0.005 to 0.020
0.19 to 0.30
0.006 0.005 0.015 to to to 0.018 0.018 0.060
0.07 to 0.12
AS 1163 C350L0 DuraGal ® C350 Tubeline ® 3 50L0 - Type 3
0.13 to 0.17
0.005 to 0.020
0.65 to 0.80
0.010 0.005 0.020 to to to 0.025 0.015 0.055
0.24 to 0.30
Mill Length -0 to +100 mm for Large Structural CHS (168.3 to 457.0 mm OD) -0 to +50 mm for all others
The carbon equivalent (CE) in the above is calculated for an actual composition using the following equation: CE
=
C
Mn +
Cr
+
Mo
+
6
+
V
Ni
+
Cu
+
5
15
This value is used in AS/NZS 1554.1 Welding of Steel Structures, to determine the welding preheat required. Steel with CE less than 0.39 in general, do not require preheat.
2
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
November 2004
SQUARE/RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS Surface Finish
Mechanical Properties
®
DuraGal SHS/RHS
Specified Minimum Mechanical Properties
External Surface - In-line Hot dip galvanized over a prepared metal surface, to produce a fully bonded coating with a minimum average coating mass of 100g/m 2 in accordance with Coating Class ILG100 of AS/NZS 4792: Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow sections, applied by a continuous or specialized process . The exter nal zinc coating then has a surface conversion coating applied to improve resistance to white rusting and improve the adhesion of paint and powder coatings. DuraGal ® SHS/RHS (Internally painted) External Surface - As for DuraGal. Internal Surface - A 35 µm aim DFT of Zinc Phosphate paint is applied over a prepared metal surface. NB: Some popular sizes stocked, check with your steel distributor for details, non-stocked items from mill rollings only, minimum order quantities may apply.
Product Designation
Standard or Specification
Grade Minimum Minimum Minimum Yield Tensile Elongation as a Stress Strength Proportion of f y f u Gauge Length of 5.65 S o
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
DuraGal ® (DualGrade ® )
AS 1163
C350L0/ C450L0
450
500
16
Tubeline ®
AS 1163
C350L0
350
430
16
Tubeline 350L0 - Type 2 350L0
350
380
12
Tubeline 350L0 - Type 1 350L0
350
380
18
Galtube Plus ®
Typical Mechanical Properties ®
Galtube Plus SHS/RHS External Surface - In-lineHot dip galvanized over a prepared metal surface, to produce a fully bonded coating with a minimum average coating mass of 125g/m 2, in accordance with Coating Class ILG125 of AS/NZS 4792: Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous hollow sections, applied by a continuous or specialized process. The external zinc coating then has a surface conversion coating applied to improve resistance to white rusting and improve the adhesion of paint and powder coatings. Internal Surface - A 35 mm aim DFT of Zinc Phosphate paint is applied over a prepared metal surface.
Product Designation
Refer to the sections below for a description and the availability of various surface finishes within the Tubeline ® range. Blue Painted - Availability: SHS 13 x 13 to 150 x 150 and RHS 50 x 20 to 200 x 100mm. A smooth, even coat of a blue, general purpose paint is applied to the external surface to act as a temporary rust preventative. The paint coating is 6 to12 or 15 to 20 microns DFT, depending on the machine used. This temporary coating should be removed prior to powdercoating or the application of coating systems intended for corrosion protection or architectural finishes. It is easily removed with any of the commercially available solvent based paint strippers, also usually removed as part of the available pre-treatment (caustic bath) system used in the batch hot dip galvanizing process. The resultant steel surface from the manufacturing process prior to the blue paint being applied is of better appearance than AS1627.4 Class 1. OneSteel strongly recommends that you check with your coatings manufacturer or supplier whether any additional surface preparation may need to be carried out on the SHS/RHS surface, prior to the application of any paint primers, top coats or special finishes. Black (Clear Coat) - Availability: SHS 13 x 13 to 250 x 250 and RHS 50 x 20 to 250 x 150mm A smooth, even coat of a clear polymer as a temporary rust preventative is applied to the external surface. It is easily removed with any of the commercially available solvent based paint strippers, and is normally removed prior to galvanizing as part of the available pre-treatments (caustic bath) used in the batch hot dip galvanizing process. No Oil or Paint (NOP) - Availability: SHS 13 x 13 to 250 x 250 and RHS 50 x 20 to 250 x 150.
Mean (Max.) Yield Stress f y
Mean Mean (Max.) (Maximum) Tensile Elongation as a Strength Proportion of f u Gauge Length of 5.65 S o
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
®
DuraGal (DualGrade ® )
AS 1163
C350L0/ C450L0
531 (674)
576 (693)
20.9 (56.5)
Tubeline ®
AS 1163
C350L0
485 (626)
528 (665)
25.1 (48.7)
418 (503)
444 (542)
27.4 (42.3)
Galtube Plus ®
Tubeline ® SHS/RHS
Standard Grade or Specification
Tubeline 350L0 - Type 1 350L0
L0 indicates that RHS has Charpy V-notch impact properties as specified in AS 1163. Table 10.4.1 of AS 4100 Steel Structures permits L0 grades to have the following minimum permissible service temperatures: Thickness (mm)
Lowest One Day Mean Ambient Temperature (o C)
t £ 6
-30
6 < t £ 12
-20
SHS Size Range Product
Standard/Specification & Grade
Squares (mm x mm)
Designation DuraGal ® (DualGrade ® ) Tubeline ® Galtube Plus ®
AS 1163 C350L0/C450L0
20 x 20 to 100 x 100
AS 1163 C350L0 Tubeline 350L0- Type 2 Tubeline 350L0- Type 1
20 x 20 to 250 x 250 13 x 13 & 15 x 15 20 x 20 to 65 x 65
RHS Size Range Product
Standard/Specification & Grade Rectangular (mm x mm)
Designation DuraGal ® (DualGrade ® ) Tubeline ® ®
Galtube Plus
AS 1163 C350L0/C450L0
50 x 20 to 150 x 50
AS 1163 C350L0
50 x 20 to 250 x 150
Tubeline 350L0- Type 1
50 x 20 to 75 x 25
Thicknesses available within the above size ranges are listed in the Section Property tables.
NB: from mill rollings only, minimum order quantities may apply. Both the external and internal surface of the hollow section i s supplied in the as rolled condition without protective coatings. The ends are not colour coded. Hot Dip Galvanized (HDG) - Not available as a mill option for square or rectangular hollow sections.
End Finish The standard end finish for Structural Square and Rectangular Hollow Sections is mill cut ends. See “Definitions” for more information.
Oiled - This is not a mill option for the OneSteel products within this publication
November 2004
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
3
N O I T A M R O F N I T C U D O R P
SQUARE/RECTANGULAR HOLLOW SECTIONS - Continued Length Range
Tolerances Thickness * 1 Surface Finish *2 Standard Maximum (mm) Length (m) Length (m)
Size (mm) 20 x 20 & 25 x 25 30 x 30 & 35 x 35, 50 x 20 & 50 x 25 40 x 40 to 100 x 100 65 x 35 to 150 x 50 20 x 20 to 65 x 65
1.6 to 3.0 1.6 & 3.0 1.6 & 3.0 1.6 to 6.0 1.6 to 6.0 1.6 to 2.5
50 x 20 to 75 x 25
1.6 to 2.5
13 x 13 to 25 x 25 30 x 30 & 35 x 35 40 x 40 to 100 x 100 89 x 89
DuraGal ® (DualGrade ® )
6.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 6.5
9.0 9.0 9.0 13.0 13.0 9.0
6.5
9.0
6.5 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 & 12.0 8.0 & 12.0
8.0 8.4 13.0 12.2 12.2 18.0
Galtube Plus ® ®
Tubeline SHS NOP, Black or Blue Painted
100 x 100 to 150 x 150 200 x 200 & 250 x 250
1.6 to 3.0 1.6 to 2.0 1.6 to 6.0 3.5 to 6.0 3.0 to 9.0 5.0 to 9.0
50 x 20 & 50 x 25
1.6 to 3.0
Tubeline ® RHS -
8.0
65 x 35 to 150 x 50
1.6 to 6.0 4.0 to 9.0 5.0 to 9.0
NOP, Black or Blue Painted
8.0 8.0 & 12.0 8.0 & 12.0
150 x 100 & 200 x 100
250 x 150
Outside dimension of side b or d (mm)
9.0 13.0 12.2 18.0
Maximum Permissible Variation in Specified Outside Dimension of Side (mm)
£ 50
± 0.5
> 50
± 0.01b or ± 0.01d
Maximum Permissible Out of Square at Corners (degree) 1
Thickness For product designations DuraGal ®, Galtube Plus ® , and Tubeline ® : ±10% of nominal (AS 1163)
* 1 All thicknesses are not availa ble in all sizes. Check the tables in this publication for details, enquire for others. * 2 All finishes and product types are not available in all sizes and lengths. Refer to our website www.onesteel.com or your steel distributor(s),enquire for others. See Surface Finish definitions at start of this section or in “Definitions”
N O I T A M R O F N I T C U D O R P
Cross Section
Galt ube Plus ® :
Note :
The section property tables within this publication for Galtube Plus ® have data that has been calculated using a design thickness to comply with AS/NZS 4600 Clause 1.5.1.6. (refer to the notes accompanying each table for Galtube Plus ® ). Mass
Chemistry
For product designations DuraGal ® and Tubeline ® : Specification
Chemical Composition (Cast or Product) % max. C
Si
Mn
0.12
0.05
0.50
DuraGal ® (DualGrade) to - AS 1163 C350L0/C450L0 0.20
0.25 0.45
Tubeline ® 350L0 - Type 1
P
S
Al
CE
0.040 0.030
0.10
0.25
1.60
0.040 0.030
0.10
0.39
1.60
0.040 0.030
0.10
0.39
Typical Chemical Composition % C
Tubeline ® 3 50L0 - Type 1
Mn
P
S
Al
CE
0.04 0.005 0.19 0.006 0.005 0.015 0.07 to to to to to to to 0.07 0.020 0.30 0.018 0.018 0.060 0.12
AS 1163 C350L0 0.13 DuraGal ® (DualGrade) to - to AS 1163 C350L0/C450L0 0.17 Tubeline ® 350L0 - Type 2 AS 1163 C450L0
Si
0.005 to 0.020
0.65 to 0.80
0.010 0.005 0.020 to to to 0.025 0.015 0.055
0.24 to 0.30
Size (mm)
Product
Length Tolerance
20 x 20 to 50 x 50 50 x 20 to 75 x 25
Galtube Plus ®
-0, +20 -0, +20
65 x 65
The following table lists typical chemical compositions and carbon equivalents of the steels used: Specification
Straightness
Mill Length
Tubeline ® 350L0 - Type 2 0.20
(AS 1163)
Specified length 500
AS 1163 C350L0
AS 1163 C450L0
not less than 96% of nominal
-0, +50
35 x 35 to 100 x 100 50 x 20 to 150 x 50
®
DuraGal
-0, +50
13 x 13 to 150 x 150 50 x 20 to 200 x 100
Tubeline ®
-0, +50
200 x 200 to 250 x 250 250 x 150
Tubeline ®
-0, +150
Twist
0.14 0.180 0.93 0.018 0.008 0.018 0.30 to to to to to to to 0.18 0.210 1.10 0.027 0.014 0.028 0.36
The carbon equivalent (CE) in the above is calculated for an actual composition using the following equation: CE
=
C
Mn +
Cr
+
Mo
+
6
+
V
Ni
+
Cu
+
5
15
This value is used in AS/NZS 1554.1 Welding of Steel Structures, to determine the welding preheat required. Steels with CE less than 0.39 in general, do not require preheat.
2 mm plus 0.5 mm per metre length
Corner Radii
Section Thickness (mm)
Section Size
t £ 3
All
t > 3
r = 2.0 t
75
x 125 x 100
r = 2.5 t
75
> 125 x 125 > 150 x 100
r = 3.0 t
75
£ 125 £ 150
4
Typical external Typical angle of arc corner radii (degree)
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
November 2004
ANGLES, CHANNELS AND FLATS Surface Finish
Size Range
®
DuraGal (Angles, Channels and FLats)
Product
In-line Hot dip galvanized over a prepared metal surface to produce a fully bonded coating, with a minimum average coating mass of 100g/m2, in accordance with Coating Class ILG100 of AS /NZS 4791 : Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous open sections, applied by an in-line process . The zinc surface then has a surface conversion coating applied. All profiles, with the exception of equal angles up to and including 50.0 mm x 50.0 mm and all Flats, are coated with a clear polymer over the conversion coat.
In-line Hot dip galvanized over a prepared metal surface to produce a fully bonded coating, with a minimum average coating mass of 300g/m2, in accordance with Coating Class ILG300 of AS/NZS 4791: Hot-dip galvanized (zinc) coatings on ferrous open sections, applied by an in-line process . The zinc surface then has a surface conversion coating applied. Meets the requirements of the Building Code of Australia (BCA), Housing Provisions, Class 1 and Class 10 buildings, for brick lintels in Moderate External Environments. (“more than 1 kilometre from breaking surf, or more than 100 metres from salt water not subject to breaking surf, or non-heavy industrial areas”).
Mechanical Properties Specified Minimum Mechanical Properties Actual Thickness t
Grade Minimum Minimum Minimum Yield Tensile Elongation as a Stress Strength Proportion of fy f u Gauge Length of
30 x30 to 150 x 150
®
DuraGal Unequal Angle
75 x 50 to 150 x 100
DuraGal ® Channel
75 x 40 to 300 x 90
®
DuraGal Flat DuraGal ® Plus (Lintels)
50 to 300 100 x 100 and 150 x 100
Thicknesses available within the above size range are listed in the Section Property tables
(MPa)
(MPa)
(%)
DuraGal ® TS100 t £ 2.5 C350L0 Angles & 2.5 < t £ 6 C450L0 Channels t>6 C400L0
350 450 400
400 500 450
20 16 16
DuraGal ® TS100 Flats
t £ 6 t>6
C400L0 C350L0
400 350
450 400
20 20
DuraGal ® TS100 Plus (Lintels)
6 8
C450L0 C400L0
450 400
500 450
16 16
The standard end finish for DuraGal ® Angles, Channels and Flats, and DuraGal ® Plus for Lintels are mill cut ends. See “Definitions” for more information.
Length Range Product
Size Range (mm)
Standard Lengths (m)
Non- Standard Lengths* (m)
DuraGal ® Equal Angle
30 x 30 to 45 x 45 50 x 50 to 90 x 90 100 x 100 to 150 x 150
6.0 9.0 12.0
6.0 to 12.0 6.0 to 12.0 6.0 to 12.0
DuraGal ® Unequal Angle
75 x 50 100 x 75 to 150 x 100
9.0 12.0
6.0 to 12.0 6.0 to 12.0
DuraGal ® Channel
75 x 40 to 125 x 65 150 x 75 to 300 x 90
9.0 12.0
6.0 to 12.0 6.0 to 12.0
DuraGal ® Flat
50 to 300
6.0
6.0 to 6.5
DuraGal ® Plus (Lintels)
100 x 100 & 150 x100
12.0
6.0 to 12.0
Notes: Lengths longer than the standard length may be restricted on some sizes and section shapes due to material handling issues in storage and transit. Check with your steel distributor(s) for more information.
5.65 S o
(mm)
DuraGal Equal Angle
End Finish
DuraGal ® Plus (Angles for Masonry Lintels)
Product Standard Designor ation Specifcation
Size Range (mm)
®
Off-line cutting facilities are not available for DuraGal Profiles
Chemistry Grade
Chemical Composition (Cast or Product) % max.
C350L0/C400L0 C400L0/C450L0
C
Si
Mn
0.20
0.05
1.60
P
S
0.040 0.030
Al
CE
0.10
0.39
Typical Mechanical Properties Product Standard Designor ation Specifcation
Actual Thickness t
Grade
Mean (Max.) Yield Stress f y
Mean Mean (Max.) (Max.) Tensile Elongation as a Strength Proportion of f u Gauge Length of 5.65 S o
DuraGal ® TS100 Angles
t
(mm) £ 2.5
2.5 < t
DuraGal ® TS100 Channels
DuraGal ® TS100 Flats
£ 6
C350L0 C450L0
t>6
C400L0
t
C450L0
£ 6
t>6
C400L0
t £ 6
C400L0
t>6
C350L0
The following table lists typical chemical compositions and carbon equivalent of the steel used: Grade
Typical Chemical Composition % C
C350L0/C400L0 C400L0/C450L0
(MPa) 457 (551) 488 (551) 469 (555)
(MPa) 527 (615) 549 (608) 531 (602)
(%) 31 (48) 28 (35) 26 (35)
499 (575) 452 (515)
556 (642) 514 (566)
25 (34) 26 (33)
515 (593) 448 (495)
561 (624) 501 (534)
24 (39) 26 (32)
Si
Mn
P
S
Al
0.13 0.005 0.65 0.010 0.005 0.020 to to to to to to 0.17 0.020 0.80 0.025 0.015 0.055
CE 0.24 to 0.30
The carbon equivalent (CE) in the above is calculated for an actual composition using the following equation:
CE
=
C
Mn +
Cr
+
Mo
+
6
+
V
Ni
+
Cu
+
5
15
This value is used in AS/NZS 1554.1 Welding of Steel Structures, to determine the welding preheat required. Steel with CE less than 0.39 in general, do not require preheat.
L0 indicates that Profiles have Charpy V-notch impact properties as specified in TS100. Table 10.4.1 of AS 4100 Steel Structures per mits L0 grades to have the following minimum permissible service temperatures: ActualThickness (mm)
Lowest One Day Mean AmbientTemperature (o C)
t £ 6
-30
6 < t £ 10
-20
November 2004
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
5
N O I T A M R O F N I T C U D O R P
ANGLES, CHANNELS AND FLATS - Continued Tolerances
Mill Length
Cross Section
-0, +25 mm Twist
The maximum permissible variation in dimension b u (which applies to b 1, b 2 and b f) is shown below: Dimension b u (mm)
Maximum Permissible Variations in Dimension bu (mm) Actual Thickness t (mm) 1.5 < t
N O I T A M R O F N I T C U D O R P
£
3
3
£
6
6
£
8
b u £ 40
± 0.80
± 1.00
± 1.25
40 < b u £ 100
± 1.00
± 1.25
± 1.50
100 < b u £ 150
± 1.25
± 1.50
± 1.75
150 < b u £ 200
± 1.50
± 1.75
± 2.00
X = 1 degree per metre of length. Squareness
The maximum permissible variation in dimension d is shown below: Dimension d (mm)
Maximum Permissible Variations in Dimension d (mm) Actual Thickness t (mm) 1.5 < t £ 3
3 < t £ 6
6 < t £ 8
40 < d £ 100
± 0.75
± 1.00
± 1.25
Shorter Leg Length (mm)
Maximum Permissible Angular Tolerance (degree)
100 < d £ 200
± 1.00
± 1.25
± 1.50
a £ 100
± 2.0
200 < d £ 400
± 1.50
± 1.75
± 2.00
50 < a £ 80
± 1.5
80 < a
± 1.0
The maximum permissible variation in dimension w is shown below: Dimension w (mm)
Maximum Permissible Variations in Dimension w (mm)
40 < w £ 100
± 0.75
100 < w
£
200
± 1.00
200 < w
£
400
± 1.50
Flatness of Sides
Thickness +10% to -5% of actual thickness. The relationship of the nominal thickness to the actual thickness is shown below: less than 1% of the width of the side
Nominal Thickness (mm)
Actual Thickness t (mm)
2.5
2.4
4.0
3.8
Corner Radii (Tolerance)
5.0
4.7
The inside radius tolerance is shown below:
6.0
6.0
8.0
8.0
Mass
Inside Corner Radius (mm)
Maximum Permissible Corner Radius Tolerance
< 2.5
± 0.5 mm
≥ 2.5
± 20% of inside corner radius
not less than 0.95 times nominal mass.
Corner Radii Straightness Specified length 500
Nominal Thickness (mm)
Inside Corner Radius (m m)
2.5
2.5
4.0
4.0
5.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
The maximum out of straightness applies to camber and sweep for angles and channels.
6
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
November 2004
WELDING
BENDING
®
DuraGal
DuraGal is readily weldable. Its thin evenly applied galvanized coating ensures minimal welding fumes. However, welding of any metal products can be injurous to health unless sensible welding practices are used. The ventilation recommendations given in Table 17.2 of Technical Note 7 published by WTIA (Welding Technology Institute of Australia), July 1994 should be observed. Mechanical dilution ventilation is advised for open work space and mechanical ventilation by local exhaust system for limited work space and confined space. In addition, the “Fume Management Guidelines” which are available from the WTIA web site at www.wtia.com.au are also recommended. DuraGal’s carbon equivalent of less than 0.39 allows it to be welded in accordance with AS/NZS 1554.1 Welding of Steel Structures, without preheat. The following are recommended consumables: Process
Recommended Consumables
Manual Metal-Arc (AS 1553.1)
E48XX (Grade 2)
Submerged Arc (AS 1858.1)
W502Y
Flux-Cored Arc (AS 2203.1)
W502X.X
Gas Metal-Arc (AS 2717.1)
W502
Refer to the “DuraGal ® Easy Welding Guide” for advice on welder setting and suitable consumables.
Tubeline ® As detailed in “Chemistry”, Tubeline ® & UltraPipe ® CHS and Tubeline SHS/RHS are readily weldable in accordance with AS/NZS 1554.1 Welding of Steel Structures. The following are recommended consumables for welding Tubeline ® & UltraPipe ® CHS and Tubeline ® SHS/RHS: Process
Recommended Consumables
Manual Metal-Arc (AS 1553.1)
E41XX, E48XX (Grade 2)
Submerged Arc (AS 1858.1)
W402Y, W502Y
Flux-Cored Arc (AS 2203.1)
W402X.X, W502X.X
Gas Metal-Arc (AS 2717.1)
W502
PAINTING
Draw Bending Using an Internal Mandrel - CHS, SHS & RHS If the appearance of the finish bend is all important, particularly if no flattening or distortion of the product is desired, cold draw bending using an inner mandrel is recommended for CHS, SHS and RHS. This method can achieve bend centreline radii as low as 2 times the outside diameter (d o) for CHS and 4 times the section dimension ( d or b ), in the plane of bending, for SHS and RHS.
Press Bending or Draw Bending Without a Mandrel CHS If a little distortion can be tolerated the cost of bending CHS can be reduced by draw bending without the mandrel or press bending. Both these methods can achieve bend centreline radii of 4 d o to 5d o for the lightest wall thickness pipe. Heavier wall CHS can be bent to tighter radii with minimum distortion.
Roll Curving Roll Curving - CHS Information received from specialist benders, using appropriate profiled rolls, has shown that bend radii from 100 mm on 26.9 OD to 1500 mm on 219.1 OD are possi ble. For more information contact the Roll Bending companies in your area. Roll Curving - SHS & RHS SHS and RHS can be economically bent by roll curving. Some distortion of the section will result using this method. If a flat roll, 3 r oll bender is used, OneSteel Market Mills does not recommend bend centreline radii less than 30 times the depth of section in the plane of bending. If the 3 working rolls are profiled to suit the section being bent, bend centreline radii as low as 10 times the depth of section in the plane of bending can be achieved with reduction in section sti ffness (I x) of less than 10%. The Actual values should be confirmed with your Roll Curving company as facilities and equipment may vary between companies. Roll Curving - DuraGal Angles, Channels and Flats The following table sets out the known results of roll bending profiles:
DuraGal ® / Galtube Plus ® The most cost effective way to use DuraGal ® and Galtube Plus ® products is unpainted, touching up any welds and black attachments. When painted or powder coated, the result provides enhanced surface protection. Authoritative research has shown that by teaming the inline hot dip galvanized coating with paint a synergistic effect occurs, ie. the corrosion life of duplex coating system can be 1.6 to 2.3 times greater than the sum of the corrosion lives of the zinc and the paint used separately. For weld touch-up, If DuraGal ® / Galtube Plus ® is to be used without topcoating, weld protection through the use of a zinc rich primer or epoxy mastic applied to a suitably prepared surface willl be sufficient for most applications. GALMET ® “DuraGal Silver Paint” or any other equivalent colour matching paint may be used as a top coat for colour matching. If the DuraGal ® / Galtube Plus ® system is to be topcoated for exposure to more severe environmnets the weld areas should be adequately protected according to the coating manufacturers recommendations prior to topcoating. Some environments cause especially rapid corrosion. They include industrial areas, marine environments, polluted cities, some farming activities, animal husbandry and other corrosive environments. Refer to the “DuraGal ® Painting and Corrosion Protection Guide” available from OneSteel Market Mills for detailed recommendations on painting of DuraGal ® and Galtube Plus ® products.
Other Products Refer to your preferred paint supplier or painting contractor.
GALMET ® is the registered trademark of ITW Polymers Pty Ltd
November 2004
Here are some guidelines on bending of CHS, SHS, RHS and profiles (angles, channels and flats). Best results are dependent upon the type of equipment, the quality of the formers, the centreline radius, the speed of bending and the thickness of member.
Product
Size
Achieved Minimum Inside Bend Radii for Various Bending Modes (mm) On Edge Toe In Toe Out Weak axis *2
DuraGal ® Angle
50 x 50 x 5.0 100 x 100 x 7.0 150 x 150 x 8.0
-
500 750 6000
350 3000 6500
- - -
DuraGal ® Channel
100 x 50 x 4.0 150 x 75 x 5.0 200 x 75 x 5.0 250 x 90 x 6.0
*1 *1 *1 *1
1250 6000 3500 4500
1200 2100 2100 4300
-
DuraGal ® Flat
Thickness, t £ 6 Thickness, t > 6
No Trial to date
-
-
2.0 t 2.0 t
*1 Not suitable for bending in this mode using trial equipment used for the trial (see next paragraph for more information) *2 Bent in the longitudinal and transverse direction
Channels bent on edge collapsed during the rolling process. It was thought that adding support rolls between channel flanges would stop this crushing failure and would allow successful roll bending. There was some minor scuffing/pick-up damage to the galvanized coating during roll bending, particularly on the edge of angles. The scuffing can be minimised if the rolls are smooth and hard. The galvanized coating should not flake off the steel substrate but some peeling due to mechanical pressure or rubbing can occur.
Crush Bending - SHS & RHS Tight radius SHS and RHS bends can be formed by crush bending, often using the press bending technique. This method of bending dramatically reduces the sectional properties of the hollow section and is therefore only suitable for applications which are non loadbearing, or lightly loaded, unless the deformed section is stiffened.
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
7
N O I T A M R O F N I T C U D O R P
BENDING - Continued Ram Bending - CHS Testing has shown that good bends can be made in CHS up to DN50 using a well maintained, simple ram bender. It is critical that a suitable former be used. If the former being used fails to bend cold formed ERW pipe, it is usually because the former does not give good support to the pipe during bending and/or the bend centreline radius is too small. There is a range of suitable formers available from most Merchants, as set out below.
If the bend is still collapsing when the support rollers are at the suggested centres then check the condition of your former. If the former is damaged and/or badly worn bend failures may occur. When bending CHS at these support pin centres it will generally be necessary to use a pivoting support block which is grooved to the OD of the tube being bent. Recommended Weld Position
An alternative range of formers is available from Dawn Tool & Vice. Because these formers are made from ductile iron, the surface finish of the completed bend is not as good as that achieved with the preferred formers. OneSteel has not tested Ram Bender Formers for CHS sizes larger than DN50 (60.3mm outside diameter) but this does not mean that the larger pipes can not be bent by this method. The difficulty of bending pipe increases as the outside diameter to thickness ratio ( d o / t ) increases. OneSteel has successfully bent pipes with a d o / t up to 27.4 (i.e. 60.3/2.2 = 27.4) Ram Bending Recommended Formers - Machined from P late Profile
Bend Centreline Radius (mm) DN15 DN20 DN25 DN32 DN40 DN50 (21.3OD) (26.9OD) (33.7OD) (42.4OD) (48.3OD) (60.3OD)
N O I T A M R O F N I T C U D O R P
Cathedral
80
90
120
190
225
Circular
-
120
150
-
-
270 -
Ram Bending Alternative Formers (by Dawn Tool & Vice*) - Cast Profile
Bend Centreline Radius (mm) DN15 DN20 DN25 DN32 DN40 DN50 (21.3OD) (26.9OD) (33.7OD) (42.4OD) (48.3OD) (60.3OD)
Cathedral
80
-
-
-
-
Elliptical
-
100
140
190
225
300
-
For best results, the weld should be touching the former in the shaded area, with the ideal weld location in the 3 or 9 O’Clock position. Problems encountered with ram bending. Flattening / Collapsing / Wrinkling Possible causes The former is worn or the former does not adequately support the pipe. Alternatives Try a former with an ellipitcal or cathedral profile to increase the si de support, (recommended for Light and Extra-Light pipes). Go to a larger bending radius. Move the supports closer to the centre. Try a different bending technique. Try a heavier gauge pipe. Effect of Bending Former profile Using the Elliptical and Cathedral formers tabled in this section, a series of ram bending trials were performed on OneSteels’ Tubeline ® & DuraGal ® Extra-Light (350 MPa) CHS, sizes DN 20,25,32,40 & 50.
* Contact number for Dawn Tool & Vice: (03) 9462 1934
With conventional (circular profile) formers this range of pipe would typically be expected to require the use of an internal mandrel.
The Right Former
The OneSteel results plotted on the chart below demonstrate how the increased side support to the pipe by the Elliptical and Cathedral profile, enabled the OneSteel pipes to be bent successfully without an internal mandrel.
The most critical element is the former. It must give the pipe adequate support. Good results can be achieved from the simplest of benders if suitable formers are used. Three types of formers exist, each giving the bent section a different profile. Circular: Pipe generally falls to the bottom of the former. Absence of side support could result in pipe collapsing on bending. (Not recommended for Light or Extra-Light pipe)
Notes:
1. Centre line radius can vary between former manufacturers. 2. Results apply only to OneSteel products, and only for the sizes and grades listed above. 3. Roll type bender recommended for DuraGal DN 50 Extra-Light
Elliptical: Pipe sits close to, but not on, the bottom of the former. Good side support, sides of the former are above the centreline of the pipe.
Cathedral: Pipe sits on the entry to the former and will move to the bottom when bending starts. This action gives a small amount of squeeze that supports the lighter gauge pipe. Ram Bending Hints - Some wrinkling of the inside of the bend can be expected on CHS (DN32 and DN50 are most prone to wrinkling). - If the bend collapses ( i.e. the centre of the bend lifts out of the former) during bending, move the support rollers in. For the support roller centres used during development and testing of the formers refer to the following table. Size (DN) Rollers Centres (mm)
8
20 310
25 380
32 450
40 520
50 590
Chart: The Piping Handbook, King, C Reno, McGraw-Hill Australia, 5th Edition (1967) pp 7-126, Fig 50 (Mandrel and shoe requirements for cold-bending of pipe) OneSteel makes no representation or endorsement of the information contained in this chart, being reproduced here for information only.
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
November 2004
DEFINITIONS Black
Hot Dip Galvanized
A smooth, even coat of clear temporary rust preventative (TRP) is applied to the external surface.
A process in which mechanically and/or chemically cleaned steel is submerged in molten zinc. This results in a zinc coating which forms a strong metallurgical bond with steel (without further processi ng) unlike electroplating, zinc spraying, painting with zinc rich coatings, mechanical plating or metallising. See “Surface Finish” in this Product Information section for more details.
Blue Painted A smooth, even coat of blue general purpose paint is applied to act as a temporary rust prevention. See “Surface Finish” for RHS/SHS in this Product Information section for more details.
CHS
Mill (Cut) Ends
Circular hollow section. Also called pipe or tube. These names originated from the designations “pressure pipe” and “mechanical tube”.
DuraGal ® , Galtube Plus ® and Tubeline ® products have friction sawn or shear cut ends. There may be some rag. The cutting tooling is changed regularly to minimise the rag.
Clear Coated
Ultrapipe ® is generally supplied with Bevelled ends.
See “Black”
Nominal Size (DN)
Colour Coding (Tube ends)
A pressure pipe term, but commonly used by distributors to describe all circular hollow sections in sizes up to 165.1 OD. Historically it was used to describe pressure pipes with similar flow rates at a given pressure or head.
Unless otherwise indicated in “Surface FInish” in this Product Information section, the ends are colour coded as per AS/NZS 4496: Recommended practice for the colour coding of steel products.
DN
Standards Australia has adopted DN (from French diametre nominel ) as the nominal size designator for pressure pipe. NB, nominal bore (nominal inside diameter) was the term used in Australia up till the late 1980’s.
See Nominal Size
No Oil or Paint (NOP)
DualGrade ® (DuraGal ® DualGrade ® )
Both the external and internal surface of the hollow section is supplied in the “As Rolled” condition without protective coatings. Some dirt, usually loose mill scale, and mill lubri cant contamination is unavoidable. The ends are not colour coded.
DFT Dry Film Thickness of paint and polymer.
®
®
DuraGal DualGrade is available in the standard thicknesses of ®
DuraGal RHS & SHS. This range of DuraGal RHS & SHS complies with the requirements of AS1163 grades C350L0 and C450L0. (Refer to the tables and notes on pages 22, 23, 31 & 32).
DuraGal ® A high strength hollow section or angle, channel or flat that is in-line hot dip galvanized with a minimum average zinc coating mass of 100 g/m 2 per coated side. Only the outside of the hollow sections is galvanized. See “Surface Finish” in this Product Information section for more details.
DuraGal ® Internally Painted A DuraGal hollow section that has been internally painted over a prepared metal surface. See “Surface Finish” in Product Information at the front of this section for more details.
DuraGal ® Plus (Angles for Masonry Lintels) A high strength angle that is in-line hot dip galvanized with a minimum average zinc coating mass of 300 g/m 2 per coated side. See “Surface Finish” in this Product Information section for more details. Refer also to the OneSteel publication: DuraGal ® Plus for Masonry Lintels.
End Colour Coding To assist in easy recognition of the thickness of SHS, RHS, angles, channels & flats and the Quality of CHS, a colour is applied to the cut ends of all Australian made sections, except Galtube Plus, UltraPipe and sections ordered with NOP (No Oil or Paint) surface finish. The end colour codes are set out in AS/NZS 4496: 1997 Recommended practice for the colour coding of steel products.
Galtube Plus ® A ductile hollow section that is in- line hot dip galvanized with a minimum average zinc coating mass of 125 g/m 2 per coated si de. This product is generally internally painted with an Zinc Phosphate paint over a prepared metal surface. This product has the same strength as AS 1163 C350L0 hollow section but with the ductili ty to allow the product to be further processed without splitting or tearing, ie. crush bending or flat trapping. See “Surface Finish” in this Product Information section for more details.
HDG See “Hot Dip Galvanized”.
Oiled This is not a mill option for the OneSteel products within this publication.
Profiles DuraGal profiles are in-line hot dip galvanized angles, channels and flats. See “Surface Finish” in the Product Information at the front of this section for more details.
Quality An indication of the wall thickness of CHS. Historically used to describe pressure pipe where each “Quality” designated pipes with similar pressure capacity. Changes in steel making and pipe manufacturing methods have overtaken this link. Five Qualities are commonly manufactured in Australia; Extra-Light, Light, Medium, Heavy and Extra-Heavy. Not all Qualities are available in all sizes. Generally the thickness of the pipe increases, as size i ncreases, for a particular Quality.
Red Painted A smooth, even coat of red general purpose paint is applied to act as a temporary rust prevention. See “Surface Finish” for CHS in the Product Information at the front of this section for more details.
RHS Rectangular Hollow Section. Often used to describe both RHS and SHS.
SHS Square Hollow Section.
Tubeline ® The OneSteel range of HDG, Black and Painted CHS & RHS hollow sections. Tubeline hollow sections comply with AS 1163 Grades C250L0, C350L0 or C450L0. Refer to the sectional property tables for details of sizes and shapes that can be manufactured within the different grade designations of AS1163.
UltraPipe ® For Structural applications, UltraPipe is tested to and complies with the requirements of AS 1163 Grade C350L0 and is included within the relevant tables for Large Structural CHS (168.3 to 457.0mm) hollow sections AS1163 Grade C350L0.
Varnish This is usually only found on imported products.
November 2004
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
9
N O I T A M R O F N I T C U D O R P
S H C
3
4 m . 8 . 1 . 3 . 7 . 1 . 7 . 2 . 9 . 1 . 1 . 9 . Z m 8 8 7 0 4 4 6 8 0 5 8 9 3 8 3 3 2 9 9 6 5 4 3 4 3 2 2 2 1 0 1 1 ) 3 1 ( s s ) e n S , t c N , C C C C C C C C C C C C C C a C p ( m o C 6 . 0 . 9 . 2 . 4 . 3 . 4 . 8 . 2 . 9 . 1 . 9 . 1 . 9 . s 0 3 5 7 1 5 0 5 5 7 2 2 6 1 λ 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 e
R 0 0 1 O F 4 S S E I A T O R T E N P G I O R S P E D
s i x a y n a t u o b A
r o m r t o c a F F
) a ( 1 . 1 E L B A T
S N O I T C E ) S S 3 E I W 6 1 T R O 1 E L P L S O R O A ( P H 0 D N R L A A 0 5 S L 2 N U C O I C S R E N I D E C A M I D ® R E G N I L E B U T
3 n s u o l 1 m . 0 . 9 . 6 . 9 . 4 . 3 . 4 . 2 . 4 . i u C m 9 5 7 8 6 3 4 8 2 9 7 9 2 2 s r d 3 0 9 4 3 9 8 6 5 5 5 4 4 3 2 o o 0 2 1 1 1 T M 1
t 4 n n 9 9 5 3 6 3 3 1 0 8 a o t m 3 1 3 1 i . 4 . 6 . 5 . 9 . 6 . 3 . 9 . 6 . 3 . 0 . . . . 6 s s J m 7 6 0 9 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 r n 6 1 1 1 o o 0 T C 1 5 . 6 . 5 . 7 . 5 . 9 . 2 . 5 . 7 . 0 . 4 . 9 . 4 . 7 . r m 6 m 6 7 7 8 8 4 4 9 9 0 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2
S E I T R E P O R P
3
m s 4 i . 8 . 1 . 3 . 7 . 1 . 7 . 2 . 9 . 1 . 1 . 9 . m 8 8 7 x S 3 0 4 4 6 8 0 5 8 9 3 8 a 2 9 9 6 5 4 3 4 3 2 2 2 1 0 3 1 1 1 y n a 3 t u 7 o Z m . 8 . 7 . 0 . 0 . 9 . 8 . 0 . 2 . 7 . 2 . 1 . 2 . m 5 7 b 3 8 8 1 4 8 0 6 1 1 7 4 3 7 0 9 6 4 4 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 A 0 1 1 3 7 1 0 5 7 4 1 5 4 7 6 3 6 6 0 5 4 0 1 8 7 3 7 1 4 3 m 6 . . . . . . . . . . 9 . 8 . 6 . 5 . I m 8 8 5 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 6 0 1 4
s n o a g 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s i t e 1 8 2 5 5 2 3 4 2 7 0 1 2 o r A m 1 7 5 2 1 8 5 5 2 5 3 0 3 0 8 r c A m 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 e G S
o d t
a l e r S a A n r e O I t c T e a x f A E r u R S
D N A N s m O I s a r S M e p N E M I D n o i t a n g i s e D
10
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6 . 0 . 9 . 9 . 2 . 4 . 3 . 4 . 1 . 8 . 2 . 9 . 9 . 1 . 0 3 5 7 1 5 0 5 5 7 2 2 6 1 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 t t / 4 r 2 . 3 . 5 . 4 . 8 . 5 . 8 . 2 . 1 . 0 . 3 . 4 . 1 . 1 . e m 4 6 4 6 4 9 6 3 3 7 3 3 0 7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 p 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 m / 3 3 5 5 1 1 7 7 7 3 3 3 m 1 1 r 2 5 . 5 . 4 . 4 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 2 . 2 . 2 . 2 . 2 . . 2 e m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p 3 8 5 4 . 1 . 2 . 4 . . 7 . 9 . 6 . 5 . 2 . 9 . 6 . 3 . 3 . 9 m 3 / 1 9 7 6 4 2 1 9 0 8 0 7 6 2 g 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 k S S S S S S S S S S S S S S H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C 4 m . 0 . 0 . 0 . 4 . 4 . 5 . 0 . 0 . 9 . 0 . 9 . 5 . 6 . t m 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 3 x x x x x x 9 1 1 7 3 6 . . . . . . o m 5 6 9 4 1 8 d m 6 3 1 0 8 7 1 1 1 1
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
. 0 L 0 5 2 C e d a r g 3 6 1 1 S A r o f 1 . 2 e l b a t 0 0 1 4 S A r e p s a a P M 0 2 3 = u f
h t g n e r t s e l i . s 0 n 0 e t 1 n 4 g S i s A e n d i d n n i . o 0 a t 0 a a c 1 i P f i 4 M s S s 0 l A 5 a n 2 c i = s d e y s e f n s f i s e r e s t e s d r t s s l a a u d d ; l n e i o i i t y s e c r n e g F S i s C r e e e d h d g t n e n l d i e S s t u a = 0 c o S 0 l ; 1 l 4 a n o s i S i t c A e r e h o S t f t i w e r c e a e h c t p n d m a n o d r a c o d n o c c e N a m = n r i o N f d d ; e l n t o a o l c i u s t c i c e l a 0 S c L t s 0 c i 5 a e 2 p l b C m a e o t C s d i a h r = T G C . . . 1 2 3 : S E T O N
November 2004
3
m 9 7 2 2 3 5 9 1 4 Z m 3 . 8 . 5 . 9 . 9 . 5 . 9 . 8 . 5 . . 0 . 6 . 9 3 7 5 4 1 6 4 9 6 3 2 1 1 0 ) 1 1 1 3 1 ( s s ) e n S , t c N , C C C C C C C C C C C C a C p ( m o C 4 3 1 2 . 5 . 3 . 1 . 3 . 4 . 4 . 8 . 9 . 1 . 6 . 4 . s 8 8 0 8 0 2 5 0 3 1 3 6 λ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 e
0 R 0 1 O F 4 S S E I A T O R T E N P G I O R S P E D
s i x a y n a t u o b A
r o m r t o c a F F
) b ( 1 . 1 E L B A T
S N O I T C E ) S S 3 E I W 6 1 T R O 1 E L P S O L A R O ( P H 0 D N R L A A 0 5 S L 2 N U C O I C S R E N I D E C A M I ® R D E G N I L E B U T
3 n s 9 8 9 7 8 3 0 u o l m 5 . 2 . 2 . 5 . 2 . 1 . 4 . 4 . 1 . 9 . . 5 . 5 i u C m 3 4 4 2 2 0 7 4 9 8 7 1 s d r 3 2 2 1 1 1 o o 0 T M 1
t 8 1 1 6 4 n n 8 7 0 5 2 0 2 3 2 4 9 a o t m 9 0 1 1 4 7 3 8 5 8 7 3 2 i J m 7 s . 0 . 0 . 2 . 0 . . 6 . 5 . 3 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 0 r s 6 0 0 n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o T C 1 6 4
5 . 6 . 8 . . 7 . 0 . 6 . 9 . 6 . 4 . 8 . 1 . 3 r m 9 m 9 0 5 5 6 3 3 0 0 8 8 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
S E I T R E P O R P
3
7 2 2 3 5 9 1 4 m 3 0 6 9 s i . 8 . 9 . 5 . 9 . 8 . 5 . . 5 . 9 . . . 9 m 6 x S 3 4 1 9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 a 0 1 1 1 1 y n a 3 t 8 4 0 0 4 9 9 4 7 0 u 8 o Z m . 1 . 2 . 1 . . 0 . 7 . 8 . 2 . 5 . 4 . 2 . 5 m b 1 0 8 7 5 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 A 0 1 9 2 9 0 0 8 9 9 0 8 6 9 6 1 6 7 4 m 4 5 0 5 7 3 1 8 7 4 3 1 1 I m 3 . 3 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . . 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4
s n o a g 2 1 9 1 8 7 3 3 4 3 7 8 8 s i t e o r A m 3 8 4 2 5 5 8 9 7 0 3 9 r c A m 9 7 6 7 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 1 e G S
o t
d
a l e r S a A n r e O I t c T e a x f A E r u R S
D N A N s m O I s a r S M e p N E M I D n o i t a n g i s e D
November 2004
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
f
k
4 3 1 2 . 4 . 8 . 9 . 1 . 1 . 6 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 4 . 3 . 1 3 6 8 2 5 0 3 8 0 8 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t t / 9 r 2 . 6 . 6 . 6 . 7 . 6 . 2 . 1 . 1 . . 0 . 2 . 2 e 5 0 7 6 4 2 5 3 6 4 5 4 m p 2 3 3 2 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 5 5 5 9 9 9 2 2 2 3 3 6 6 4 4 m / 8 8 5 5 5 3 3 0 0 8 8 m 8 r 2 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 0 . . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 0 e m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p 1 9 3 1 7 6 9 9 3 1 7 6 m 3 . 1 . 0 . 7 . 3 . 5 . 7 . 0 . 9 . 4 . 8 . 5 . / g 7 6 5 5 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 k S S S S S S S S S S S S H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C C C C t m 4 . 5 . 0 . 2 . 2 . 6 . 6 . 4 . 2 . 0 . 0 . 2 . m 5 4 3 5 4 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 x x x x x 3 3 4 7 . . 9 . . . o m 0 8 2 3 6 d m 6 4 4 3 2
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
S H C
. 0 L 0 5 2 C e d a r g 3 6 1 1 S A r o f 1 . 2 e l b a t 0 0 1 4 S A r e p s a a P M 0 2 3 = u f
h t g n e r t s e l i . s 0 n 0 e 1 t n 4 g S i s A e n d i d n n i . o 0 a t 0 a a c 1 P i f i 4 M s S s A 0 l 5 a n 2 c i = s d e y s e f n s i f s e r e s t e s d r l t s a s a u ; d l d n i e o i s i y e t n r c e g F S i s C r e e e d h d g t n e n l d i e S s t u a = 0 c S o 0 l ; 1 l 4 a n o s i S i t c A e r e h o S t f t i w e r c e a e h c t p n d m a n o d r a c o d n o c c e N a m = n r i o N f d d ; e l n t o a o l c i u s t c i c e l a 0 S c L t s 0 c i 5 a e 2 p l b C m a e o t C s d i a = r h T G C . . . 1 2 3 : S E T O N
11
3
m 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 9 1 2 7 1 2 Z m 0 9 9 7 5 9 9 3 1 3 3 0 6 4 4 1 5 7 0 9 4 8 4 1 7 2 9 6 8 6 4 3 3 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 ) 3 1 ( s s ) e n S , N N N C N N C N N C C N C C N N t c N , a C p ( m o C 4 8 . 3 . . 9 . 9 . 2 . 4 . 8 . 7 . 7 . 9 . 1 . 1 . 7 . . 7 0 7 0 4 9 8 9 2 7 5 7 0 0 1 9 9 s 5 6 4 5 8 3 5 7 3 4 7 3 5 7 0 4 λ 1 e
) a ( 2 . 1 E L B A T
S N O I T C E S W O L ) S L 3 E I O 6 T H 1 R 1 E R P A S O R L A ( P U 0 D C L N R 0 A I 5 S C 3 N ® C O I E S P E N I D E P A M I A D R R T G L U / ® E N I L E B U T
R 0 0 1 O F 4 S S E I A T O R T E N P G I O R S P E D
s i x a y n a t u o b A
r o m r t o c a F F
k
3 n s u o l m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 9 3 i u C m 3 3 1 0 0 0 8 6 4 0 6 3 9 9 8 9 3 s 8 9 0 0 3 5 2 7 2 8 4 9 2 9 6 5 r d 3 o o 0 3 2 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 T M 1
t 4 n n a . 8 . o t m 6 9 0 9 7 2 3 0 4 1 2 1 7 4 4 i 5 2 s s J m 7 6 0 6 0 1 0 9 7 6 1 3 6 7 2 3 r n 6 o o 0 8 6 4 6 4 3 4 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 T C 1 2 3 3 9 5 5 3 4 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 9 9 9 9 m 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
. . . . r m 7 8 9 9 0 1 1 2 3 0 1 2 2 3 4 4
S E I T R E P O R P
3
m 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 9 5 2 7 5 6 s i m 1 0 0 7 0 2 9 4 8 3 3 4 6 4 5 4 x S 3 9 3 9 5 0 4 1 7 2 9 6 8 6 4 3 a 0 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 y n a 3 t u 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 2 0 7 7 6 2 9 7 o Z m m 0 2 6 1 0 5 9 3 7 0 3 1 9 4 9 4 6 b 3 9 0 5 1 7 1 8 6 9 7 4 6 4 3 2 A 0 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4
I
. 3 . 1 . 7 . 4 . m 8 4 0 5 3 1 1 5 7 1 6 5 8 7 7 6 0 m 3 5 5 8 3 3 0 3 6 0 0 1 8 6 4 3 6 0 4 3 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
s n o a g 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s i t e 0 6 0 0 4 0 0 2 0 8 8 0 1 6 5 o r A m 0 7 4 0 7 8 0 7 3 0 4 3 3 4 7 3 0 r c A m e 7 3 9 5 1 8 3 0 7 2 9 6 0 7 5 4 G S 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
o d t
a l e r S a A n r e O I t c T e a x f A E r u R S
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12
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f
0 . 1 . 4 . 0 . 8 . 5 . 4 . 6 . 5 . 1 . 6 . 5 . 4 . 0 . 7 . 9 . 6 8 1 2 2 3 8 7 5 5 4 0 1 9 2 6 3 4 7 3 4 6 2 3 5 2 3 5 2 2 4 5 t t / 3 r 2 . 4 . 7 . 2 . 7 . 2 . 4 . 8 . 3 . 4 . 8 . 3 . 5 . 2 . 4 . 0 . e m 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 7 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 p 8 8 8 8 4 8 8 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 m / m 4 4 4 4 r 2 4 . 2 . 2 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 8 . . . 8 . 8 . 8 . e m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 p 1 0 1 . . 1 . 1 . 5 . 1 . . 7 . 6 . 5 . 1 . 8 . m / 5 1 3 3 3 7 1 5 7 3 0 1 0 2 1 g 9 7 2 9 6 0 8 5 9 7 5 8 6 4 3 3 0 k 1 1 1 1 S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C 7 m . 4 . 7 . 5 . 4 . 7 . 5 . 4 . 7 . 4 . 7 . 4 . 8 . . 5 . 5 . 3 t 9 6 2 9 6 2 9 6 2 9 6 2 9 6 4 m 2 1 1 1 1 1 x x x x x 4 6 0 9 1 . . . . . o m 7 6 5 3 3 d m 5 0 5 2 7 4 3 3 2 4
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
S H C
. 0 L 0 5 3 C e d a r g 3 6 1 1 S A r o f 1 . 2 e l b a t 0 0 1 4 S A r e p s a a P M 0 3 4 = u f
h t g n e r t s e l i . s 0 n 0 e t 1 n 4 g S i s A e n d i d n n i . o 0 a t 0 a a c 1 i P f i 4 M s S s 0 l A 5 a n 3 c i = s d e y s e f n s f i s e r e s t e s d r t s s l a a u d d ; l n e i o i i t y s e c r n e g F S i s C r e e e d h d g t n e n l d i e S s t u a = 0 c o S 0 l ; 1 l 4 a n o s i S i t c A e r e h o S t f t i w e r c e a e h c t p n d m a n o d r a c o d n o c c e N a m = n r i o N f d d ; e l n t o a o l c i u s t c i c e l a 0 S c L t s 0 c i 5 a e 3 p l b C m a e o t C s d i a h r = T G C . . . 1 2 3 : S E T O N
November 2004
S H C
3 e
m
6 . 7 . 3 . 1 . 1 . . 5 . 0 Z m 3 5 0 0 5 8 8 6 3 3 4 9 1 5
) b ( 2 . 1 E L B A T
S N O I T C E S W O L ) S L 3 E I O 6 T H 1 R 1 E R P A S O R L A ( P U 0 D C L N R 0 A I 5 S C 3 N ® C O I E S P E N I D E P A M I A D R R T G L U / ® E N I L E B U T
0 R 0 1 O F 4 S S E I A T O T R E N P G I O S R P E D
0 6 9 1 8 6 2 8 6 5 4 3 3 2 ) 3 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 s ( i x s a s e ) n S y t , n c N a a , C C N C C C N N N C N C N t p C u m ( o o b C A 4 s . 9 . 9 . 2 . 8 . 1 . 7 . 9 . 2 . 5 . 0 . 0 . 5 . λ 7 7 3 3 6 9 6 5 5 4 0 4 4 3 4 6 3 3 4 6 5 6 4 5 4 5
r o m r t o c a F F
3 n s u o l m i u . 2 . 2 . 4 . 2 . 0 . s m 2 2 9 8 4 6 1 5 r d C 3 9 6 7 0 7 9 4 3 7 5 9 4 9 8 6 6 4 3 o o 0 5 T M 1 5 4 3 2 2 1 1
t 4 n n a o m 5 2 4 5 0 8 i t s J m 5 . 4 . 1 . 4 . 4 . 5 . 9 . 0 . . 4 . 6 r s 6 0 . 4 . 9 . n 7 3 1 6 1 6 6 8 o o 0 6 8 3 3 2 1 4 3 2 2 1 1 T C 1 r m 6 . 2 . 2 . 8 . 0 . 3 . 8 . 1 . 3 . 2 . 3 . 8 . 0 .
S E I T R E P O R P
m 4 5 5 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 4 5 7 7 7 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 3
3
m s i 4 m . 9 . 1 . 1 . 5 . 0 . 5 . x S 3 0 0 5 8 8 1 4 6 4 9 1 5 a 0 5 9 6 5 4 3 3 2 6 9 2 8 6 2 1 y 3 2 2 1 1 1 n a 3 t u m 0 o . 7 . 3 . 1 . 6 2 m 6 1 9 9 7 8 . 6 . . 5 b Z 3 0 9 3 . 0 3 9 A 0 7 2 6 3 2 9 7 4 4 3 3 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 4
I
1 m 5 0 7 1 2 2 0 9 8 4 0 3 2 6 7 7 2 9 7 2 m . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6 0 8 1 0 8 5 3 3 1 1 1 0 0 3 4 1 2 1 1 1
s n o a g 2 s i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 9 t e o r A m 0 3 8 3 0 6 7 8 0 9 5 2 8 0 r c 4 2 2 6 2 4 7 5 2 2 1 9 8 A m e G S 5 4 3 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1
o d t
a l e r S a A n r O e e I c T t a x f A E r u R S
D N A N s m O I s a r S M e p N E M I D n o i t a n g i s e D
November 2004
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
f
k
7 . 9 . 6 . 8 . 2 . 6 . 7 . 3 . 1 . 2 . 7 . 8 . 1 . 6 4 5 3 6 5 7 9 6 1 5 1 9 2 3 4 2 2 3 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 t t / r 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 5 . 1 . 7 . 7 . 3 . 2 . 0 . 1 . 3 . e m 1 6 0 7 8 0 7 7 7 3 6 1 1 0 p 1 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 m / m 8 8 8 8 2 2 2 1 3 3 5 5 1 1 r 2 8 6 6 e m . . 6 . 4 . 5 . 5 . 5 . 5 . 3 . 4 . 3 . 3 . 3 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p m 3 7 7 5 / g 6 . 7 . 7 . 3 . . 1 . 4 . 2 . 4 . 9 . 8 . 8 . 6 . 6 k 2 3 5 8 5 9 3 1 0 9 8 7 6 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 S S S S S S S S S S S S S H H H H H H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C C C C C t m 2 . 5 . 0 . 6 . 8 . 1 . 8 . 5 . 2 . 2 . 6 . . 4 . 4 m 8 6 4 7 6 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 x m 1 . d m 9 1 2 o
x 3 . 8 6 1
x x 1 . . 7 5 9 6 3 1 1
x 3 . 4 1 1
x 6 . 1 0 1
. 0 L 0 5 3 C e d a r g 3 6 1 1 S A r o f 1 . 2 e l b a t 0 0 1 4 S A r e p s a a P M 0 3 4 = u f
h t g n e r t s e l i . y s 0 n 0 l p e 1 p t a n 4 g S y i s A a m e s d i s e d n t i n i . t o a t 0 i 0 n a a c 1 a P i f 4 u i M s S q r s 0 l A e 5 a d n r 3 c i o = s d e e m y f s n s i f u s e m r e i s t n e s d i r l t s a s a m u ; r d l i n o e d o s i i t y s e e c t r n e t a g F i S s s C r l e e e l d h d a n g t n e i n i d l e S d s t e u a = k c 0 c o o S t 0 l l ; 1 a n s 4 o e s t i b S i c t A e r e o h o S n t i f e t c y w r e a a e h c t p m n d m s a n o e d z - i r a c o d n s o c c e N e a m s = e n r i o N h T f d d ; : e l n s t c o i a o l l c i a u s t t c c i e I l a 0 S i n c L t c 0 s i 5 a n w e 3 p o l h b C m a e o s t C s s d e i a z h r = i T G C S . . . . 1 2 3 4 : S E T O N
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
13
S H C
3
8 m 6 5 1 4 9 7 Z m 0 . . . 3 1 0 0 0 ) 5 1 ( s s ) e n S , t c N , C C C a C p ( m o C 2 3 s . 5 . 9 . λ 9 1 4 1 1 e
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) ) 2 (
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3 n s u o l m 8 7 i u C m 4 4 s . 2 . 0 . d r 3 o o 0 1 1 1 T M 1
t 4 n n 4 6 4 a 3 1 o t m 5 i 1 1 J m 1 s 0 r s . 0 . 0 . 6 n 0 0 0 0 o o T C 1 0 8 6
5 . 6 . 8 . r m 6 m 6 6
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3 5 8 1 4 m 6 s 0 i S m . 9 . 7 . x 1 0 0 3 a 0 1 y n a 3 2 9 6 t 2 3 3 u 7 o Z m . 5 . . 6 m b 0 0 0 3 A 0 1
8 1 1 6 8 7 6 5 m 7 0 0 I m 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 6 0 0 0 0 1 4
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a l e r S a A n r e O I t c T e a x f A E r u R S
D N A N s m O I s a r S M e p N E M I D n o i t a n g i s e D
November 2004
0 0 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 1 1 1
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S S S H H H C C C 2 . 0 . . 6 t m 3 m 2 2 x 3 . o m 1 d m 2
e l b a t 0 0 1 4 S A r e p s . a 0 0 8 3 3 4 = = u u f f
h t h t g g n n e e r t r t s s e l e l i s i s n n e t e t n n g i g i s s e e d d d d n n a a a a P P M M 0 0 5 5 3 3 = =
. s t c u d o r p e s e h t g n i s u s e r u t c u y y r f f t s s s s s g e e r t n r i t s s n g . i d l d l s 0 e i e e 0 i y y d 1 4 n n n S g e g i i s s h A e e w n d d d i g g e n o . n i s t n i i u a 0 s s 0 u u c 1 e i i 4 0 0 b f s S 0 0 l 1 1 d s a A u l 4 4 o c i n S S h A A s s d e e e h t h r s n t i i i a s f e w w C t r e . s d e e c c 3 l s n n 6 a a a a 1 u ; 1 d d i n r d r o o o S s i e t c c A r c c c e a a t h F S n i n i C r i w e e d d d e h e e c t n t t e n d l a l a l a e S u u d t c c r l l = o a a a c c l c c o S c l e r e a a ; n r o a a i n i s i t s t s t y e c l c c t r e u u c f o S d d i r e t t c o o s r r r e a p p p e h e e d t m s s a d o e e c m n h t h . t a t 0 f f L o d n o o o 0 n e N s s 5 e r m = e i e 3 r i o N t r t r C a f s d ; e e e t l p p d c n o o u o i r o r a d c t p p r c g o i s e e e 3 r p 0 S h h 6 t t 1 3 L t , , 1 0 c e l e d 5 a l b b S n 3 p a a A a C m t t 2 e o s i s r i o C h t h f e d t a = p 1 r . y n I n 2 I T G C . . . . . 1 2 3 4 5 : S E T O N
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
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S H C
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m s i m x S 3 a 0 1 y n a 3 t u o Z m m b 3 A 0 1
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s n o a g 2 3 9 2 4 9 6 s i t e 1 3 5 9 5 o r A m 3 5 4 3 2 1 1 r c A m e G S 1 . 2 . 0 . 2 . 9 . 5 . 3 6 1 1 6 3 3 2 2 2 1 1
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t t / 1 r 2 . 6 . 7 . 8 . . 2 . 8 e m 7 7 8 6 7 8 p 5 5 5 6 6 6 5 9 9 2 3 6 4 m / 8 5 3 0 8 m 3 2 r 2 . . 1 . 1 . 1 . 0 . 1 e 0 0 0 0 0 0 m p 9 1 9 6 3 m 9 1 / . 2 . 6 . 9 . 5 . 2 . g 4 3 2 1 1 1 k
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S S S S S S H H H H H H C C C C C C 3 . 0 . 3 . 3 . 0 . . 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 x x x x x x 1 . 9 . 3 . 3 . 4 . 7 . 6 0 8 2 3 6 7 6 4 4 3 2
0 5 3 C e d a r G 3 6 1 . 1 a P S M A f 0 o 3 s 4 t = n e u m f e h r t i g u n q e r r e t s l a e n l i o . s i n s 0 e n t e 0 1 4 n i m g i d S s d A e d n n a i d l n n a o . a i c i t 0 a m a 0 c 1 P e i f i 4 M h c s S 0 e s A a 5 h l n 3 t c i = f s d o e e y f n s s s i s t n e f e s e t r e r m s d t l s s e r a a i d u ; l u d n e q i i o i s t y e r e n e r c e g h F S i s t C r e t e d h i e d h w g t n e n e d l i s c e S u n t = a a 0 d c S 0 r l o 1 o l ; 4 c a n o c s i t S a i A n e c i r e h S t y f i l o t e w l a r c a e e r h p c e t n n m a e o g d d n r d a c n o e c r d o c u e N a t c m = n f a r i o N f d u d ; e n n t a l o a i l m o c t u c i s i s c e l a 0 0 S c 5 5 t s 3 3 c i a C p e C l l l m b a a o a G G t C s a r a r i h u u = T D D C . . . . 1 2 3 4 : S E T O N
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
November 2004
S H C
3
m
5 4 3 2 1 1
f S E
5 . 1 E L B A T
3 9 3 9 9
s e i N m 9 . 3 . 9 . 7 . 0 . . 0 x Z 3 7 4 2 1 1 2 a O 0 1 I 1 T S y n C E a t E I 4 u 7 1 7 S T m 2 0 8 o 4 9 4 1 R b 7 8 4 2 1 E E A I e 6 m 9 3 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . . 1 V 0 0 I P 0 0 0 0 0 1 T O C R E P e n v o a F i i e e 2 F t c t 2 9 2 0 9 r A m 8 E f e c m 7 0 1 4 9 4 e A
S N ) O I 1 T E C P E Y S T S W 0 E I O L T L 0 R L 5 E O 3 P O H E R P R N I A L D N L E A U B S C U N R T O I I ( S C 0 N ® E L S M 0 I D U 5 L 3 P C E E B D U A T R L G A G
3 n s u o l m 3 9 6 4 i u s m 6 . 6 . 8 . 7 . . 0 . 3 r d C 3 0 1 o o 0 2 1 7 4 2 1 1 T M
t 4 n n 2 5 a o t m 4 9 0 3 9 8 3 i 9 4 2 7 8 3 s s J m r n 6 7 . 0 . 0 . 0 . . 1 . 3 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T C 1
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S L L U F
6
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n l o a f 2 8 2 9 2 0 9 l i e 0 1 4 9 4 u t r A m 7 5 4 3 2 1 1 F c m e A S 4 . 3 . 7 . 2 . 0 . 4 . 0 7 2 2 7 4 3 2 2 2 1 1
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a l e r a S n A r e O I t e c T x f a A E r u R S
t / t r 2 7 . 8 . 7 . 8 . 2 . 6 . e m 0 7 8 6 7 8 5 5 5 6 6 6 p
5 m / m 9 9 2 3 6 4 r 2 3 8 5 3 0 8 e 2 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 0 . . 1 p m 0 0 0 0 0 0
D N A N l a O n s I i s m S m a r e N o M p E N M I D n o i t a n g i s e D
November 2004
7 1 7 m 2 0 8 4 9 4 1 7 8 4 2 1 9 m 6 3 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
9 1 9 6 3 m 1 / 7 . 9 . 5 . 2 . . 2 . 6 g 4 3 2 1 1 1 k
S S S S S S H H H H H H C C C C C C 6 . 3 . 0 . 0 . 0 . . 3 t m 2 2 2 2 2 2 m x x x x x x 3 1 . 3 . 4 . 7 . 9 . o m . 0 8 2 3 6 d m 6 7 6 4 4 3 2
e h t n a h t r . e 0 h 8 t a 3 r = m u f m h 5 t . g 2 n d e r n t a s e m l i m s n 2 . e 2 t , n m g i s m e 9 . d 1 d f n o a s a e P s M s e n 0 k 5 c 3 i h = t y n f g s i s s e e d r t s g n d i l s e i u y d 0 0 n t e 6 4 g i a s l S u e c Z d l N a / g c S n i e s r A u a f o 0 ) t 6 0 ” . 6 r 1 . 4 e 5 . S p 1 a Z e e N r s / S A u a A e l c c h a t i . f h t w 0 r u i 0 e 6 S w y c 4 l l n a p a S n r m d r Z t e o o / N x c c E o c S “ t a A s d i n h i t i n s a i d w ” h e t m T a e . l c u n r m e c a l p m a d 6 c r . o s s 2 e c a r c a a M d n s n l t i a a c i n m u d e m m d t o a o 3 r l . p u N “ 2 c r , e l s a f o e c t m m h t e p 0 . f r e o a c 2 x s s e f e ( o e t i i t r r e l e t e p b s p o a e o t s r r s p p e e h n t e n o k h c t i t f i , c o h t e e s l b s n e v a e i t v m u t i l s t o c i e c p h c e l t f l s n f I E A e r . . . 1 2 3 : S E T O N
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
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3
m 8 1 5 5 8 2 m 7 . 0 . 5 . 7 . 8 . 3 . Z 3 0 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 y e
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n l o a f 2 2 6 2 4 8 9 l i t m 4 7 2 0 9 8 u c e r F e A A m 4 2 3 2 2 1 S r
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S t t 1 r 2 . 7 . 0 . 5 . 2 . 7 . O l a e I e / 1 4 2 4 2 r 5 8 5 8 5 8 T a A p m 3 A n r e e c R t a 5 1 5 1 5 x f m / m 1 D E 9 9 4 4 3 3 r r 2 1 u N S . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . e m . 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 p A N l a s n s m O m 0 8 2 5 2 3 / I i g 6 a r . 3 . 6 . 7 . 4 . 6 . S m M e k 3 2 2 1 2 1 o p N N E S S S S S S M I H H H H H H D R R R R R R n o i t a n g i s e D
November 2004
4
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r o e f v t i t c 5 . e 2 p s d e n r a e m h t m n 0 . a 3 h t £ r e t h t s a s r e n m k c m i 4 h . t 2 t d h i n w a s . m n a o i P m t c M 5 e . 0 4 s 8 1 r 3 f o o f = t s u f e 2 s o h s t t e l g n a n k u e c r i q t e s h t s e i l n i g s s i e n s t i e e r t d e n p g g o i n r i s p s e u d n o d d i e t n t c a l a e s u a c P l e h M a c t 0 5 e . g r n 3 t a 0 i a = ) 0 ” 6 l y u f a 4 l c e s r S s A Z a c e r N t n e / i s c S a A d . d f l 0 r e e 0 u f s i y 6 S o u 6 n 4 l . r s g S a 1 i . i n u s Z r 5 . e d e N t 1 a d / x r a S E e r s A d g u e n h n n a t i i l r s w a c o u ” h c t e m i 0 e d 0 c r w i 6 n e s a p l y t 4 d u p s o S r m e Z o c s a o N c M c t h / S a l t o s n A i a n n i s i o i h t t d i e m i s c t w a o h e S e l u N “ T c l r . w n c o m o a a l l c f m d o r e t 5 p o r e . H c a c 2 r c d a a s x e n l e ( i n a u t i r g . e l d e b m n a m e p a t m t m c 0 o t a r . 6 l . e 3 u p e 1 c n t h f R > l a i o o d t c t f o t n a c t s e s s e h i i s r w n e e s l a m u s b e v u s e q n a i t l t o n S i c o c k s f e l i r t c c i h f l h o e T E A t F s . . . . 1 2 3 4
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R 0 0 1 O F 4 S S E I A T O R T E N P G I O R S P E D
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) S 2 N E P O I Y T T C S E 0 S L E I T W 0 5 R E O 3 P L O L E R P O N I D H L N E A E B S R U N A T O I U ( S Q 0 N S E L M ® 0 I D E 5 3 N I C L E E B D U A T R G
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November 2004
3
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3 2 3 . 2 . 6 5 t t . 7 . / 1 r 2 0 e m 9 7 8 p 8 8 5 m / m 3 4 r 2 5 0 . 0 . e m 0 0 p 1 8 6 m 8 / 6 . 5 . g 0 0 k
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h s t s g e n n e k r t c i s h t e l i h s t i n w e t s n . n g t s o i i t s c c e u e d d s d o r r n p o f a e t a s 2 P e o t t M h l 0 g a n 5 i u 3 s q e u = s y s i f e s s r u e s t i t e c r r u t e r s t p s . o d r l g 0 p e n 0 i 1 i y 4 n n o n i i g S t g i s A c s e e e d n s d i e n g e n . h o 0 t n h t i i s w a 0 g n u i c 1 i t f i 4 l 0 d a e 0 s s S u 1 u s c A a l 4 l a e c i n c S b A d s d e i l s e n h n d t i i u o s f e w h t r e e s e s s d u c e s l r n r a a s a a u ; u d d n i r C o d . i s i o 3 a e t c 6 r c r c 1 e r a 1 F S e n C r n i S e e r d A h d o e t n c t e e d t d l a h i l e S i u w t s c l a = t u a e c c c o S o n l l ; e e a a n h r o t r i a d s i t s s o c n c t c c e r e i o u a f o S t d n e t c c e o r i r e a S y h p t l p e i c t m w s t o r d o l e s n c l o h t e a H f d d n o o a e N r a s m r m = l u e i o N g . t f r t n m o e n d ; t a p l n c m o e o o i e 0 . r r c t p a s c R 3 s i e d > e t S n t h t c 0 t a h u L , d c t 0 e o 5 a e i l w b r 3 p r a p C m a u s t o q n s 2 e C o i S t i h e d t a c p r = r o e y n T I G C F s . . . . . 1 2 3 4 5
S H S
: S E T O N
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
27
3 0 0 n e m 9 2 2 4 3 7 6 8 7 2 4 s Z i 5 4 9 1 0 9 2 4 0 . 4 . . . . . . . . . . 7 m 8 x 3 5 4 3 3 1 2 1 1 0 0 a 0 N n 1 O d I 9 0 3 T S n 6 0 9 7 4 0 3 4 7 a x m 6 1 9 6 5 3 9 6 9 0 4 C E e . . 5 . . . . . . . . . m 1 6 6 4 3 2 2 2 1 0 0 y Z 3 E I T 1 , 0 S R 1 x E E t 0 4 V u P 7 4 4 0 4 9 7 I o m 8 5 4 7 9 3 1 5 1 1 T O b x m 7 1 6 0 7 5 5 3 2 1 5 0 C R A I e 6 3 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 E P 1 F F e v n E i o a e 2 t i c t e 6 8 2 6 6 8 8 9 0 1 2 e c r A m 8 0 4 7 4 1 9 8 6 3 0 f m 5 3 4 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 f e A E S
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n l o a f 2 l i t 2 6 6 8 8 9 0 1 2 m 6 3 u c e r 6 4 7 4 1 9 8 6 3 0 F e A A m 8 5 3 4 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 S 9 1 . 8 . 8 . 5 . 7 . 6 . 6 . 1 . 7 . 2 . 7 . 3 0 6 0 2 3 0 0 6 3 9 2 4 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1
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3 m 8 3 0 8 2 8 2 3 8 2 7 / 7 1 6 3 8 8 4 6 3 1 . g . . . . . . . . . . 8 k 4 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 0
S S S S S S S S S S S H H H H H H H H H H H S S S S S S S S S S S m 5 t . 6 . 5 . 6 . 5 . 6 . 5 . 6 . 6 . 6 . 6 . m 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 x x x x x x x m 5 0 0 5 0 5 0 b m 6 5 4 3 3 2 2 x x x x x x x 0 0 5 0 5 0 d m 5 6 5 4 3 3 2 2 m
r e o v f i t c t 5 e . p 2 s d e r n a e h t m m n a 0 . h 3 t r e £ h t t a s r s e m n m k c i 4 . t 2 h d h t n i a w m s . n a o m i P 5 t c M 4 . e 0 1 s 8 f r 3 o f o = s t e 2 u f s s t o h t e l g n a n k u c e i r q t h e s t s n e i l i g s s i s e n i e t e d r t e n g p g i n o i r s s p e u d d n o d t e i t n c a a l e u s a l c P a e M c h t 0 e 5 r . g n 3 a 0 i t 0 = ) a ” 6 l y a 4 u f e c l r s a s A S Z c e r e N t n c / i s a S d f . d r A l 0 u e e 0 f s i o u y 6 S l n 4 a 6 . r s g S n 1 i r . i u s Z t 5 e . d e N x 1 a d / E e r “ a S r s A g d u e n h n n a i i t l r s w a c o u ” h c m t i e 0 e d 0 c r w i 6 n e s a p l y t 4 d u s p o S r s Z o e c a m N c M o h c t / a S l t n a o s A i n n i s i o i h t t d i e m i s c t w a o h e S e l u N “ T c l r . w n c o m l o a a c f m l d o r e t 5 . H o r p c a e 2 r c c a d l a s x e n e u ( i n a i t g . r l e d e b m n a m e p a t m t o t m c 0 a r . l p 6 . e 3 e 1 u c n t h f R > l a i o o d t c t f o t n a c s e s s e h t i i s r w n e e s l a m u s b e v u s e q n a i t l t o o n S i c k s c e i r t c c f l i h f l h o e T E A t F s . . . . 1 2 3 4
S H S
: S E T O N
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
November 2004
0 y e 0 Z 1 i s 4 x t a c ) 3 S ( y a A t p s s m e O u o o T b C n N A y e G λ I S x E e D s Z i R x t ) c 3 O a ( x a F t p s s e S u m o o n E I b C T A x e R λ E P r o O m f t r k R o c a P F F
L I A R
1 . 4 E L B A T
S N O I T ) S C 3 E I E 6 T S 1 R 1 E P W S O O A R L ( P L 0 D O L N A H 0 5 S L 4 N I C O I A S R E N ® D E L A M I A R D G G A R U D
n s u o l i u s r d o o T M t n n a o i t s r s o n o T C
S E I T R E P O R P
s i x a y t u o b A
m 4 m 2 . 3 5 0 1 ) S , N , S C (
3 . 8 4 3
m m 8 . 0 9 1 1 ) S , N , C C (
3
2 . 3 4 4 1 9 . 0 3
m 8 . m 8 C 3 0 1 1 4
7
m 8 J 6 m 6 . 0 0 1
9
. y m 9 r m 1 3
m 9 . m 0 S 3 0 1 1 y
3
4
4
9
m 5 . m 9 Z 3 0 1 y
2 y m 2 I . m 6 0 0 1 1
. x m 9 r m 3 s i x a x t u o b A
3
m 8 . m 9 S 3 0 1 1 x
3
m 7 . x m 4 Z 3 0 1 1 4
x I
0
m 8 m 8 . 6 0 0 1
s n o a s t i 2 7 e o r g m 7 r c A m 5 A e G S t
d
0 . 8 5
o d t
0 . 4 2
2 - t
S O I l a e r T a A A n r e R t e c a D x f N E r u A S N s O s m I a r e S M p N E M I D n o i t a n g i s e D
November 2004
3
t t / 1 r 2 . e m 5 6 p m / m 5 r 2 9 . e m 2 0 p 3
m 5 / g . k 4
l i a R 0 . t m m 2 x 8 b m m 4 x 0 d m 2 m 1
. 0 L 0 5 4 C e d a r g 3 6 1 1 S A r o f 1 . 2 e l b a t 0 0 1 4 S A r e p s a a P M 0 0 5 = u f
h t g n e r t s e l i . s 0 n 0 e 1 t n 4 g S i s A e n d i d n n i . o 0 a t 0 a a c 1 P i f i 4 M s S s A 0 l 5 a n 4 c i = s d e y s e f n s i f s e r e s t e s d r l t s a s a u ; d l d n i e o i s i y e t n r c e g F S i s C r e e e d h d g t n e n l d i e S s t u a = 0 c S o 0 l ; 1 l 4 a n o s i S i t c A e r e h o S t f t i w e r c e a e h c t p n d m a n o d r a c o d n o c c e N a m = n r i o N f d d ; e l n t o a o l c i u s t c i c e l a 0 S c L t s 0 c i 5 a e 4 p l b C m a e o t C s d i a = r h T G C . . . 1 2 3 : S E T O N
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
31
. 9 . 0 . 9 . 1 . 6 . 8 . 3 . 0 . 9 . 1 . 6 . 7 . y m 3 r m 9 9 4 4 4 9 9 7 7 3 4 4 4 2 2
2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3 y
3 m 2 6 6 4 9 7 0 7 4 2 2 4 4 9 0 5 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . m 8 S 3 5 9 4 9 4 9 9 2 3 0 8 6
s i x 3 a 5 m 1 4 y y m . . t Z 3 8 3 u 0 3 2 o 1 b A
y f
8 . 2 . . 0 5 6 3 2 1 1
6 6 3 8 5 0 . 0 . 5 . 7 . 4 . 7 . 4 . 5 . 6 2 2 8 8 6 5 4 1 1 1
3 3 y
3 9 6 9 9 = 3 m 6 3 4 5 2 5 1 2 7 7 6 5 4 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 y 0 Z 1 Z m 7 . 0 . 7 . 9 . 1 . 8 . 7 . 9 . 0 . 8 . 2 . 2 . 3 .
) a ( 1 . 1 . 5 E L B A T
E L G N A
S S N ) E I O 0 T I 0 R E T 1 P C O E S s R T e P S ( x a N E 0 y O I L L d T G 0 n C 0 a E N 4 x S A l C L L / a L p i U A 0 L c F n U i D Q 0 5 r p N t 4 E A u S ® C o N L E b a O I A D S G A N E A R M I R G D U D
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S
4 y I
9 2
1 9 7 1 . . 6 . 5 1 0 0
2 1 6 2 3 7 2 7 4 2 8 5 1 6 4 1 5 . 2 . 4 . 2 . 3 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 6 0 4 5 8 1 7 1 6 9 0 1 m 6 6 5 5 5 3 4 3 3 2 2 3 3
. . . . . . . . . . . x m . . 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 5 6 9 9 0 0 r
3
m 4 . 7 . . 0 . 7 x s S m 0 2 2 0 0 i 3 7 8 2 5 4 x 0 a 1 1 x t 4 3 u x o b Z m 3 . 5 . 7 . . 7 m . 6 A = 7 3 2 6 1 3 8 x 0 7 4 5 3 2 Z 1
0 . 5 . 8 . 4 . 5 . 3 . . 7 . 9 2 9 1 5 8 1 7 4 4 5 3 2 2 2 1 1
4 4 . 6 . 8 . 0 . 1 . 3 . 3 . 7 . 3 5 6 6 8 4 1 9 3 2 2 1 1 1 1
4
7 1 5 m 0 4 3 9 6 6 3 0 6 7 5 4 0 9 0 8 5 4 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1
x m 3 0 7 8 3 3 8 7 0 9 7 6 4 I . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
f n o o 2 0 0 l l a i f 8 u e t A m 9 2 3 c F r e m 2 1 A S 5
x
0 0 6 9 4 2 8 1 9 1 1
y
e r s
s r e r s e t a p e M m l a n k i c s n m i s o o h i N T e n t a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
0 0 0 1 0 6 0 6 9 4 3 1 9 3 7 4 4 1 3 8 0 8 6 5 1 1 1 1
m 6 . 4 . 8 . 9 . 2 . 6 . 1 . 9 . 8 . . 4 . 6 . 4 . 8 2 2 3 3 3 3 0 1 5 4 5 5 m 1 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
s e t i 3 a d x n f o i r = m 5 . 4 . 6 . 5 . 4 . t d o 2 m 3 3 4 4 4 r n x 5 5 4 4 4 e o o C C 4 y 4 . 4 . 4 . = m 6 6 8 8 8 1 m 0 0 8 8 8 e i u i S d i n r d r N s n o a O I C R I S l N a k s E t u i c s t e c h M I A T n D
32
m 6 3 m 9 . 2 . 6 0 1 1 1
1 1
8 . 2 . 5 . 3 . 9 . 8 . 7 . . 7 5 5 2 2 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 7 . 6 . 7 . 6 . 0 . 0 . 0 . . 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 5
m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . . 0 m 8 4 8 4 4 8 8 8 4 8 8 4 4
m 0 . 7 . 7 . 0 . 8 . 0 . 7 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 8 . m 8 4 8 4 3 8 6 8 4 8 6 4 3 m 0 8 / . g . 0 k 8 1 1
d n a a P M 0 0 4 =
5 7
9 . 9 . 2 . 4 8 7 1
2 7 9 6 6 9 7 . 3 . 9 . 5 . 5 . 5 . 2 . 2 . 1 8 0 6 8 6 5 4 1 1 # #
A A A A A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . m 8 5 8 5 4 8 6 8 5 8 6 5 4 x x x x x 5 0 0 5 m 0 5 2 0 9 7 m 1 1 1 x x x x x 5 0 0 5 m 0 5 2 0 9 7 m 1 1 1
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
m m 0 . 6 > t r o f d n a , a P M 0 0 5 = u f
d n a a P M 0 5 4 =
. n o i t y f a c i l m b m u p 0 . s 6 i h £ t t f o < t n m o r m f . y e 5 l . p t 2 h p t r a o f y a , a n a o m i P t s c M e e t 0 i s t 0 i n 4 n i o a t = u a u q m f r d . r e o n 0 d a 0 r f n I a 6 o t P 4 m c u M S u d 0 Z m o i r N 5 / n P 3 S i e = A m h r t y h f o t i o m w s t e m e t r e a f c t 5 . n s e 2 a l l R d . £ r a ) t s o n l c i e r c d t o f a e i n ( L n k 0 i ( c L o s 0 d t u e s l 5 t 3 P a e l C u b ® / c t l a 0 l a o L c n G 0 r y a e 0 r a u 4 a m D C s / s s e i c a i 0 t l e r L a l e t 0 p I b 5 a o n l . r i 4 ) i C a p n a v e P n w a o o o d M i a t h s r c g 0 e s l l 5 s s a 4 e l e l e r e = u i z a t u F S # S f . . . . 1 2 3 4 : S E T O N
November 2004
0 5 4 9 1 5 6 0 m . . . . 4 . 5 . 7 . r 2 2 9 9 9 9 m 2 1 1 1 y
2 7 5 . 7 . 8 8
0 5 5 . 7 . 7 7
1 7 . 5
3
m 0 4 3 8 6 4 5 5 7 2 2 4 6 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 0 1
y m 5 S 3 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 5 . 9 . 9 . 5 . 8 . 2 . 6 . 3 .
) b ( 1 . 1 . 5 E L B A T
) 0 S 0 S N 1 E I O T I S R T E T ( P C O E 0 s L e R P S 0 x a N E 5 y O I L 3 d T G C / n a C E N 0 S A L x L L 0 l a L 0 p i U A 4 c F n U C i D Q / r p 0 t N E A L u ® 0 o S L 5 b N a O I A 4 S G C N E A E M I R D D U A D R G
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S
s i x 3 a 5 m 1 3 6 1 8 1 8 2 3 7 1 y 0 y m t Z 0 3 7 2 9 2 5 0 1 8 3 9 . . . . . . . . . . . u 0 4 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 o 1 b A 3 3 y 8 Z m 2 7 2 4 6 1 4 3 0 9 0 6 8 2 4 1 8 2 4 1 5 9 = 3 m . . . . . . . . . . 7 . 2 y 0 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 Z 4
2 7 m 4 0 4 0 7 y I 6 m 1 9 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 1
1 9 3 5 2 1 0 . 0 . 0 0
7 0 5 1 1 1 0 . 0 . 0 0
y f
1 3 4 . 0 8 0 4 . 0 8 3 4 0 0 . 0
8 9 0 7 . 8 . 9 . 1 . 1 . 0 . 9 . 8 . 9 . x m . . . r 5 5 6 9 9 9 0 7 8 5 6 1 m 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
3
m 0 7 s S m 2 . . . i 3 6 3 0 x 1 1 1 0 a 1 x t 4 3 u x o Z m 9 3 b m 4 A = . 3 . 9 . 3 1 8 6 x 0 0 1 Z 1 x
9 3 0 4 2 . 5 . 2 . 0 . 9 7 6 4
8 5 9 . 2 . 4 3
9 5 0 8 . 5 . 4 . 3 2 1
9 0 9 3 9 1 8 5 8 . 8 . 9 . 6 . 1 . 1 . 6 . 4 . 5 4 3 2 3 2 2 1
2 0 9 . 0
0 2 8 m 7 6 8 8 0 1 3 2 3 7 0 6 . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 9 . 0
4
x m 7 8 1 0 7 4 9 0 6 7 4 1 I 6 4 3 3 2 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
f n o o 2 6 6 0 6 5 6 0 8 6 0 2 4 l l a i f 7 7 3 3 5 3 1 0 8 8 3 u e t A m 1 c F r e m 7 5 4 5 4 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 A S 5
x
m 3 . 4 . 2 . 2 2 m 1 2 2 2
s e t d 3 a i x n f o i r = m 1 . 3 . 2 . t d o 3 3 n 2 m 3 r 2 2 2 e x o - C o C 4 y 0 . 0 . 0 . = m 6 6 6 1 m 4 4 4 y
e r s
e i u i S d i n r d r N s n o a O I I C R S l N a k s E t u i c s t c h e M n I A D T s r e r s e t a p e M m l a n k i c s n m i s o o h e i t N T n a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
November 2004
4 9 4 1 3 8 2 2 4 3 3 2 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0
0 . 1 . 9 . 2 . 6 7 6 7 1 1 1 1
4 . 7 . 3 3 1 1
2 . 0 1
8 . 0 . 9 . 8 . 1 . 0 . 3 . 3 . 7 8 7 7 6 6 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
7 . 0 1
4 . 4 . 4 . 4 . 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3
2 . 4 . 5 5 1 1
8 . 8 . 1 1 3 3
3 . 3 . 2 . 8 8 1 2 2 2
m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 5 . 5 . m 8 4 4 8 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 2
m 0 . 7 . 8 . 0 . 7 . 8 . 4 . 4 . 4 . 8 . 8 . 4 . m 6 4 3 6 4 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 9 m 2 6 5 / . . 6 . g k 5 4 3
1 2 9 1 2 . 4 . 7 . 8 . 4 3 2 1
0 2 5 . 6 . 2 1
0 3 2 . 4 . 2 1
d n a a P M 0 0 4 =
6 0 . 1
A A A A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 5 . 5 . m 6 5 4 6 5 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 x x x x x m 5 0 5 0 0 5 4 4 3 m 6 x x x x x 0 5 0 0 m 5 6 5 4 4 3 m
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
m m 0 . 6 > t r o f d n a , a P M 0 0 5 = u f
d n a a P M 0 5 4 = y f
m m 0 . 6 £
t
< m m 5 . 2 r o f , a P M 0 0 4 = u f
d n a a P M 0 5 3 =
. 0 0 6 4 S Z N / S A y h f t i m w m e c 5 . n 2 a d £ r t o c r c o f a ( n 0 i L 0 d e 5 t 3 a l C u / c 0 l a L c 0 e 0 r 4 a C s / e t 0 i r L e 0 p 5 . o 4 ) r C a p e P n o d M t a i r c 0 g e l 5 s e 4 l l = e t u u S f F . . 1 2
E L G N A
: S E T O N
33
f t o n e 4 t m a c o e r p m 7 1 n m 1 u . I . 9 6 d M A 3 1 f 0 o 1 r d o n P 2
p r
3 . 7 . = m 7 7 n m 4 4 r
1 0 9 8 . 8 . . 1 1 - 0 - 1
6
0 3 7 2 2 0 0 9 1 0 5 0 7 9 3 8 9 . 4 . 7 . 6 . 3 . 2 . 2 . 1 . 0 0 0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - - - -
2 . 8 . . 7 9 9 9 3 3 3
2 . 4 . 5 . 9 . 1 . 5 . 7 . . 4 1 1 7 8 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
p 3
) c ( 1 . 1 . 5 E L B A T
E L G N A
S S N ) E I O 0 T I 0 R E T 1 s P C O E S e x R a T P S ( p N E 0 d O I L L n T G 0 a C 0 n N E l 4 S A a p L L C / i L c n U A 0 i L F r U p 0 D Q 5 n N o 4 E A n C ® t S N L E u o O I A D b a S G A N E A R M I R G D U D
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S
S m 2 2 5 3 8 8 2 5 0 1 5 4 1 = m . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
8 5 8 6 8 9 8 0 5 2 0
s e x a p R 3 p d Z 6 2 m 2 4 4 6 0 4 6 3 0 1 7 n . . . . . . . . . . 5 . 8 . 6 . m 7 a = 3 8 2 9 6 0 5 6 0 1 8 6 5 T n 0 4 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 n 1 t Z u o b A L 3 p
Z m
1 . = 3 m 5 9 2 7 B n 0 1 1
Z
5 . 5 . . 8 3 3 4 8 5 4
6 . 6 . 3 . 8 . 0 . 1 . 8 . 9 . 0 0 9 6 6 1 7 4 5 4 3 2 2 2 1 1
4
p m I
5 7 2 6 = m 3 4 2 0 7 5 2 4 4 5 8 5 7 0 1 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
n 6 1 1 9 8 4 4 1 0 6 5 4 3 3 I 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
f n o o 2 l 0 0 l a i f m 9 8 u e t A 3 F r c m 2 e 2 1 A S
0 0 6 9 4 2 8 1 9 1 1
0 0 0 1 0 6 0 6 9 4 3 1 9 3 7 4 4 1 3 8 0 8 6 5 1 1 1 1
R
1 . 0 . 3 . 4 . 6 . 1 . 8 . 5 . 1 . 5 . . 3 = m 9 0 0 1 2 1 2 3 5 2 3 4 4 T m 0 1 9 9 9 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 n
s 1 1 e d p t a i n f o r i o t d n r o e C o L C n . 6 . = m 2 9 B m 1 4 3 p
r
e e s S d u i i i N s n r d r n o a O I I C R S l N a k s E t u i c s t c h e M n I A D T s r e r s e t a p e M m l a n k i c s n m i s o o h i N T e n t a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
34
5 1
n 8 5 5 3 2 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 S 0 1
9 . 0 . . 4 4 3 3 3 3 3
7 . 6 . 9 . 2 . 5 . 7 . 9 . 5 . 8 7 6 4 2 1 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
. 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 8 4 8 4 4 8 8 8 4 8 8 4 4 m
m 0 . 7 . 0 . 8 . 0 . 7 . 7 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 8 . m 8 4 8 4 3 8 6 8 4 8 6 4 3 5 7 2 7 9 6 6 9 m 0 . 8 . 9 . 3 . 9 . 9 . 2 . 7 / . 5 . 5 . 5 . 2 . 2 . 0 4 8 7 1 8 0 6 8 6 5 4 g 8 1 1 1 1 1 k # #
A A A A A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . m 8 5 8 5 4 8 6 8 5 8 6 5 4 x x x x x 5 0 0 5 m 0 5 2 0 9 7 m 1 1 1 x x x x x 5 0 0 5 m 0 5 2 0 9 7 m 1 1 1
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
d n a a P M 0 0 4 = y f
m m 0 . 6 > t r o f d n a , a P M 0 0 5 = u f
d n a a P M 0 5 4 =
. n o i t y f a c i l m b m u p 0 . s 6 i h £ t t f o < t n m o r m f . y 5 l e . p h 2 p t r a t o a f y n , a o a m i P t s c M e e t 0 i s t 0 i n 4 n i o a t = u a u q m f r d . e r o n 0 d f a 0 r I n a 6 o t P 4 m c u M S u d Z 0 N i m o r 5 / n P 3 S i e = A m h r t y h f o t i o m w s t r e m e t f a e c t 5 e . n s R 2 a l l . d £ r a ) s t o n l c i t r c d e o f n a e i ( L n k 0 i ( c L o s 0 d t u e s l 5 t 3 a e P l C u b ® / c t l a 0 l a o L c n G a 0 y r e 0 u a r 4 a D C s m s / s a e i c t 0 i l e r L a l e t 0 p I b 5 a o i n l . r i 4 ) C a p n a v e P n w a o o o d M i a t h l s r c g 0 e s a l 5 s s e 4 l l e e e = u i z r a t u F S # S f . . . . 1 2 3 4 : S E T O N
November 2004
f t o n e 4 t m a 6 8 2 c o e r p m 8 4 2 u A I n 6 m 1 . 1 . 1 . d M f 0 0 0 0 o 1 - - r d o n P 2
p r
2 . 3 . 5 . = m 0 0 0 n m 2 2 2 r
8 3 7 0 0 . 0 -
3 5 4 5 2 5 4 5 8 6 5 3 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 - - - -
2 7 9 5 3 2 0 . 0 . 0 0 - -
2 9 7 7 2 1 0 . 0 . 0 0 - -
3 . 5 . 6 . 8 . 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1
0 . 2 . 4 4 1 1
5 4 . . 6 . 3 2 2 9 1 1
4 . . . . . . . . . . . . = 3 m 1 9 7 6 5 4 2 3 2 2 1 0 n 1 S 0 1 p 3
6 9 3 9 6 2 0 5 0 9 S m 5 2 2 5 5 3 3 8 5 3 7 8 9
) d ( 1 . 1 . 5 E L B A T
) 0 S 0 S N 1 E I O T I S R T E T ( s P C O E 0 e L x R a P S 0 p N E 5 d O I L 3 n a T G C / C n 0 N E l S A L a p L L 0 i L 0 c n U A 4 i F r U C p / D Q 0 n N E A L o n ® t 0 S N L 5 u o O I A 4 b S G C a N E A E M I R D D U A D R G
November 2004
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S
s e x a p R 3 p d Z 0 8 m 5 n . 1 . 1 . m 3 a = 3 6 5 4 T n 0 n 1 t Z u o b A
9 4 5 3 8 5 7 2 9 6 . 9 . 4 . 5 . 9 . 2 . 5 . 9 . 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 0
0 5 5 . 0
L 3
p 5 4 8 3 9 6 5 0 7 Z m 2 . 0 . 9 . 1 . 1 . 0 . 3 . 2 . 7 . 3 . 6 . 6 . =
m 5 3 0 8 7 6 4 4 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 Z 1 B 3 n 0
4
m 1 8 7 3 9 = 6 m 9 2 2 . . 1 . n I 0 0 0 0 1 p I
8 6 6 4 6 7 2 0 8 5 1 . 1 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0
3 6 2 1 6 4 0 . 0 . 0 0
0 9 3 8 4 2 0 . 0 . 0 0
8 1 1 0 . 0
f n o o 2 l l a i 6 6 0 6 5 6 0 8 6 0 2 4 f 7 7 3 3 5 3 1 0 8 8 3 u e t A m 1 c F r e m 7 5 4 5 4 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 A S
d n a a P M 0 0 4 = y f
m m 0 . 6 > t r o f d n a , a P M 0 0 5 = u f
d n a a P M 0 5 4 = y f
m m 0 . 6 £
t
< m m 5 . 2 r o f , a P M 0 0 4 = u f
R
8 . 6 . 0 . = m 5 6 7 T m 4 4 4 n
s e d p t a i n f o r i o t d n r e o C o L C n . 4 . 0 . = m 2 8 8 B m 9 1 1 1 p r
e e s S d u i i i N s n r d r o n a O I I C R S l N a k s E t u i c s t c h e M n I A D T
6 . 4 . 7 . 4 . 4 5 5 6 3 3 3 3
0 . 6 . 2 2 3 3
2 . 9 . 4 . 8 8 1 2 2 2
4 . 6 . 3 . 6 . 5 4 4 3 1 1 1 1
0 . 4 . 3 2 1 1
1 8 . 1 . 6 . 1 1 8 1 1
m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 5 . 5 . m 8 4 4 8 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 m 0 . 7 . 8 . 0 . 7 . 8 . 4 . 8 . 4 . 8 . 4 . 4 . m 6 4 3 6 4 3 2 3 2 3 2 2
s r e r s e t a p e M m
2 2 9 1 2 9 1 0 2 0 3 6 m 6 / . 6 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 2 . 4 . 7 . 8 . 5 . 2 . 0 . g 5 4 3 4 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 k
l a n k i c s n m i s o o h e i t N T n a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
A A A A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 5 . 5 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 0 . 5 . m 6 5 4 6 5 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 x x x x x m 5 0 5 0 0 5 4 4 3 m 6 x x x x x 0 5 0 0 m 5 6 5 4 4 3 m
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
d n a a P M 0 5 3 =
. 0 0 6 4 S Z N / S A y h f t i m w m e c 5 . n 2 a d £ r t o c r c o f a ( n 0 i L 0 d e 5 t 3 a l C u / c 0 l a L c 0 e 0 r 4 a C s / e t 0 i r L e 0 p 5 . o 4 ) r C a p e P n o d M i a t r c 0 g e l 5 s e 4 l l = e t u u S f F . . 1 2
E L G N A
: S E T O N
35
3
3 9 6 9 9 m 7 . 1 . 8 . 0 . 8 . 2 . 2 . 3 . . 0 . 7 . 9 . 7 . 9 m 6 3 4 5 2 5 1 2 7 7 6 5 4 Z 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 5 y e
4
S N ) O I 0 0 S T 1 E I C S s T E e R S T x ( E a P E 0 O L L y ) R G 0 d n a P ( a 0 2 . N N 4 1 x . O A 5 I l C a E T L / p L C 0 i B E A L c A S U n T 0 i E Q 5 r p V I E 4 t T ® C u o C E L E b a F A F D E E G A L A R G R U G N D
A
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S E V I T C E F F E
s i x a y t u o b A
9 2 2 1 6 2 3 7 2 7 1 9 7 4 2 8 5 1 6 4 1 1 . 5 . 5 . 2 . 6 . 4 . 3 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
5 m 6 3 y m 9 2 e 6 . . I
3
1 3 9 6 4 9 9 . 3 . 3 . 2 . 7 . 0 . 1 . 4 . 8 . 2 . 8 . 0 7 5 0 2 6 7 6 4 3 Z 0 3 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 , m 2 . 2 . y m 4 e 3 1 3
4 3 4 , m 2 4 y m 6 5 5 e 6 . . I
0 8 8 2 3 6 5 3 7 5 4 5 6 4 4 6 8 8 1 6 2 8 0 . 5 . 3 . 0 . 2 . 1 . 3 . 3 . 2 . 1 . 1 . 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
4 x 3 e
1 8 = 3 m 0 5 6 9 4 3 1 6 2 8 3 9 6 6 2 4 1 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 x 0 e 1 Z Z m 8 . 3 . 9 . 0 . 4 . 2 . 4 . 3 . 7 . 0 . 9 . 4 . 7 .
s i x a x t u 4 4 o x b I e m 4 9 A = m 7 . 9 . 1 6 5 1 x 0 e 1 I
0 4 1 9 . 9 . . 3 3 1 0
7
2 7 5 8 0 6 8 0 7 5 3 5 1 7 3 3 . . . 6 . 3 . 9 . 7 . 4 . 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 6 0 1 7 . 4 . 0 0
9 1 9 0 9 0 8 . 4 . . 4 0 0 0
6 6 4 4 9 6 4 5 0 5 0 3 5 4 9 . 6 . 7 . 0 . 9 . 6 . 0 . 7 . 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
e f n v o 2 i t o i 2 t e m 0 c a 1 7 A c e 6 e r m 1 5 f e f E A S
0 0 9 3 6 7 5 5 3 1
0 9 0 0 0 1 8 3 1 5 3 3 9 8 0 5 4 8 3 5 0 7 5 3 1 1 1
e f
A A
E d s D l s e e A i r t R Y S G
S O I T A R
a y P 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f 0 5 0 5 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 5 5
o r - t 2 b
8 . 1 . 6 0 1 3
5 8 6 . 8 . 5 . 7 . 3 . 2 . 3 . 1 . 7 . 3 . 2 . 3 4 0 0 4 9 7 7 0 4 7 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
o r - t 1 b
8 . 1 . 6 0 1 3
6 . 8 . . 7 3 4 0 1 2 3
5 8 5 . 3 . 3 . 2 . 3 . 2 . 1 . 7 . 0 4 9 7 7 0 4 7 1 1 1 1 1 1
. 7 . m 0 6 8 m 1
0 . 8 . . 7 6 8 7 1
0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 8 . 7 . 0 . 0 . 6 4 6 8 6 4 8 7 1 1 1 1 1
e r s d u i e i o s n r d r t u o a O C R l a k s u i c s t t c h e A T n
S e N s r s r t e O I a p e S M m N E l a M n k i I c s D n m i s
o o h e i t N T n a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
36
M 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
m 0 . 7 . 0 . 8 . 0 . 7 . 7 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 8 . m 8 4 8 4 3 8 6 8 4 8 6 4 3 m 0 / . 8 . g 8 0 k 1 1
5 7
9 . 9 . 2 . 4 8 7 1
2 7 9 6 6 9 7 . 3 . 9 . 5 . 5 . 5 . 2 . 2 . 1 8 0 6 8 6 5 4 1 1 # #
A A A A A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . m 8 5 8 5 4 8 6 8 5 8 6 5 4 x x x x x 5 0 0 5 m 0 5 2 0 9 7 m 1 1 1 x x x x x 5 0 0 5 m 0 5 2 0 9 7 m 1 1 1
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
d n a a P M 0 0 4 = y f
m m 0 . 6 > t r o f d n a , a P M 0 0 5 = u f
d n a a P M 0 5 4 =
t a n o i s s e r p . m n o o c i t r c o e f s e e r v a i
t 5 c y e e f f Z e d e n a h t 5 f y e o I ; e " r b " i 3 f n d o n i a s " s 2 e r " p t s m n o i c o p r t o a n n o i o i s s n s e e t r e p m m o e r c t x r o e f e e h t r a t 3 , a 2 d y e e t Z a d l u n c a l a 3 , c 2 y e s i I
. n o i t y f a c i l m b m u p 0 . s 6 i h £ t t f o < t n m o r m f . y 5 l e . p h 2 ; e " p t r Z a t o 4 a f . " y n ) , t a o d n a l m i P e i t i o y p s c M e t e t t 0 s i s t r a 0 i i n f n 4 ( o . n o a i t i = y 0 f u a s u t s 0 f m 6 q a e r 4 e r d r o s p n f S d e a n r . m r I y b o Z o t a f i P s f c N / m c u n r M s u d o S e o f A r i 0 t s m o r i 5 s n e h n P r t i i 3 e a e t w m e = i v r 4 h t y s o x e r e f s Z c o o t e n n s m r o d a t e r m p i n d e s r t a f m s a 5 o s e . o e 4 c c r x 2 c l l R e . l p I a a ) £ a ; m i s t " l n n e x o 1 i i r a c " o d d t f n t ( e e e i m n t L i k ( r m 0 a c o l o L f e o s r p u t 0 i u c s l n t 5 l x t u 3 a e P e a c C t h e n b ® i h i / o e t l a r w t s 0 a o G n h s L s t e s y a 0 r n i r e a u 0 i w p i o 4 t d m t D r C c e m s e o e t / p s a c s l a c o i r 0 r l e r u o L f p a l o f c t b 0 l n I l 5 d a r a e o i n i . e c a i 4 ) t a t C a a e 1 c n v r x e a e P l w a e s o d M u c e Z o a l h e s r a Z d v s l g 0 c d n . i 5 t s a l 4 s " c e e e i n a 5 e z r " f e = e a 1 a t x t f i u A I e I e S f E S # n i . . . . o . . . 1 2 3 4 p 5 6 7 : S E T O N
November 2004
3
m 2 7 2 m 5 . 2 . . 8 Z 3 4 3 3 0 1
4 6 1 4 4 . 1 . 2 . 8 . 2 2 1 1
0 3 9 4 . 9 . 1 0
8 0 6 1 . 7 . 1 0
8 0 4 . 0
2 7 4 0 4 5 m 0 9 7 y m e 6 1 . 0 . 0 . I 0 0 0 0 1
4 9 4 1 3 8 2 2 4 3 3 2 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0
1 9 3 5 2 1 0 . 0 . 0 0
7 0 5 1 1 1 0 . 0 . 0 0
8 3 4 0 0 . 0
5 y e
4
) b ( 2 . 1 . 5 E L B A T
) 0 S 0 N 1 O I S T S T ( E I C 0 s T E L e R S 0 x E a P E 5 O L 3 y d R P G C / n a N N 0 L x O I A 0 l T L a p C A 0 i 4 c E S U C i n / E Q 0 r p V I E L t T ® 0 u o C E L 5 b F A 4 a F E G C A E R D U A D R G
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S E V I T C E F F E
s i x a y t u o b A
3
4 0 4 6 1 3 3 8 0 4 4 . 1 . 0 . 8 . 7 . 8 . 4 . 1 . Z 0 4 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 3 , m 2 7 3 2 y m 5 8 8 . . . e 3
4 2 9 3 , m 4 0 1 2 0 6 y m 1 9 e 6 . 0 . 0 . I
4 9 4 9 3 8 2 6 4 3 3 1 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
7 4 5 0 1 1 0 . 0 . 0 0
4 x 3 e
8 3 4 0 0 . 0 2
4 9 0 8 8 9 1 8 5 0 Z m 4 5 . 5 . 8 . 9 . 7 . 8 . 7 . 1 . 4 . 4 . 9 . = m . 6
s i 1 3 0 7 5 x x 0 1 e a - Z 1 x t u 4 4 o x 7 0 b I e m 7 3 3 A = m 7 4 . 3 . 2 . 1 6 0 0 0 x 0 e 1 I
e f
A A
6 7 0 4 2 0 . 8 . 7 . 1 0 0
5 4 3 1 3 1 2 1 0
5 8 0 1 1 0 7 3 6 2 . 0 . . 1 . 1 0 0 0 0
4 2 9 0 4 1 . 0 . 0 0
2 5 0 8 7 3 0 . 0 . 0 0
1 9 1 0 . 0
8 6 0 0 8 7 0 0 . . 8 . 6 . 1 1 0 0
2 6 5 3 9 . 7 . 0 0
6 0 0 0 . 8 . 1 0
0 8 9 . 0
e f n v o o 2 i t a i e 7 2 6 5 6 6 3 2 0 7 2 m 6 c e t A c 1 8 4 3 3 1 5 0 8 4 3 e r e m 7 4 3 5 4 3 1 3 5 f 1 2 1 1 f A S E
E d s D l s e e A i r t R Y S G
a y P 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 M 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3
- t
0 5 . 0 . 1 . 8 2 5 1 1
0 9 0 . 8 . . 7 . 1 6 8 1 8 1 1
9 7 . . 7 9 6 1
7 4 . 6 . 8 4 1
5 . 0 1
o r - t 1 b
0 5 . 0 . 1 . 8 2 5 1 1
0 9 0 . 8 . . 1 . 7 6 8 1 8 1 1
9 7 . . 7 9 6 1
7 4 . 6 . 8 4 1
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r
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2
b
e r s d u i e i o s n r d r t o u a O C R l a k s u i c s t t c h e A T n
S N s r e r s t O I a e p e S M m N E l a M n k i I c s D n m i s
o o h e i N T n t a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
November 2004
1 5 3 3 2 1 0 . 0 . 0 0
8 0 4 . 0
m 0 . 7 . 8 . 8 7 m 4 1
0 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 8 . 9 . 9 . 8 . 9 . 4 8 7 4 7 4 7 4 4 1
m 0 . 7 . 7 . 8 . 4 . 8 . 0 . 4 . 8 . 4 . 8 . 4 . m 6 4 3 6 4 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 9 m 2 6 / . 5 . 6 . g 5 4 3 k
1 2 9 1 2 . 4 . 7 . 8 . 4 3 2 1
0 2 5 . 6 . 2 1
0 3 2 . 4 . 2 1
6 0 . 1
A A A A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 5 . 5 . m 6 5 4 6 5 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 x x x x x m 5 0 5 0 0 5 4 4 3 m 6 x x x x x 0 5 0 0 m 5 6 5 4 4 3 m
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
d n a a P M 0 0 4 = y f
m m 0 . 6 > t r o f d n a , a P M 0 0 5 = u f
d n a a P M 0 5 4 = y f
m m 0 . 6 £
t
< m m 5 . 2 r o f , a P M 0 0 4 =
t a n o i s s e r p . m n o o c i t r c o e f s e e r v a i
t 5 c y e e f f Z e d e n h a t f 5 y e o I ; e " r 3 b i " f n d o n i a s " s 2 e r " p t s m n o i c o p r t o a n n o i o i s s n s e e t r e p m m o e r c t x r o e f e e h t r a t 3 , a 2 d y e e t Z a d l u n c a l a 3 , c 2 y e s i I
e ; Z " 4 . " ) d t l n e i i o y p t t s r a i f ( n o y i f s t s a e r s p e . m r y f b i o s f c s n r o e o f r i t s s r n e e a e t
. 0 0 6 d 4 n S a Z a N P / S M A 0 5 h t i 3 w = i v r 4 y s o x e e f s Z c e n n m r o d a i p m n d s r a m s 5 o . o e 4 c 2 c r x c e p l I a £ a m ; i t " n x o 1 i r a c " o d f ( e t e m n t i r m 0 a o l o L i e f r p u 0 c n t t 5 l x u e a 3 a c C t h e n i h i / o e t r w s 0 a s h e L s t s 0 n i r e 0 i o w i t 4 t d p r m c C e e o e t / p c s l a r o 0 r r u o L f p o l c f 0 n 5 d a e r o . e c a i 4 ) t t C a a e 1 c r l x e e P u a e s d M l c . Z e a e r a Z d " 0 5 v g c d n " i t l 5 c s n a t e 4 i n f e i e = e a 1 t x o f e u A I e I p E S f . . . . . 1 2 3 4 5 u f
E L G N A
: S E T O N
37
L p 3 e
Z m 8 9 4 4 5 4 6 3 3 6 1 . 1 7 . . . . . . . . 8 5 8 5 = 3 m 6 5 2 8 4 0 5 6 9 . . . . B n e
Z
0 4 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 1
1 8 6 5 1
L 4 p
) c ( 2 . 1 . 5 E L B A T
E L G N A
S N ) O I 0 0 S T 1 s E I C S e x T E a R S T ( E p P E 0 d O L L n R a P G 0 0 n N N 4 l O I A C a p T L / i C A 0 c n E i L S U 0 r p E Q 5 n V I E 4 o n T ® C t C E L E u o F A b F D E G A a A R R G U D
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S E V I T C E F F E
e m 4 7 2 7 0 5 2 4 9 7 2 3 I 2 5 8 5 7 9
m 0 . 5 . s = B 6 5 2 e n 0 x I e 1 a p d n a n t u R p 3 o e b Z m 0 A = m 8 . . 3 1 3 T n 0 3 1 e 1
4 . 1 . 0 2 2 1
8
3 . 5 . 6 6 1
7 5 2 1 . 5 . 4 . 6 . 1 8 5 3 1
R 4
p e m 1 4 7 2 7 5 7 6 2 I 7 9 4 9 5 5 8 4 5 8 5 6 6
= 6 m 1 . 7 . 3 . 5 . 7 . 3 . 3 . 4 . 0 . 5 . 4 . 1 . . 2 T n 0 3 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 e 1 I
1 6 0 1 7 . 4 . 0 0
9 1 9 0 9 0 8 . 4 . . 4 0 0 0
6 6 4 5 9 . 7 . 0 0
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4
4 9 6 0 3 5 4 0 . 9 . 7 . 6 . 1 0 0 0
e f n v o o 2 i t a i 0 2 e m 1 7 c e t A c 5 e r e m 6 f 1 f A S E
0 0 9 3 6 7 5 5 3 1
0 9 1 5 4 8 1
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e f
E s D d l s e e A i r R Y t S G
a y P 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f 0 5 0 5 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 5 5 M 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
o r - t 2 b
8 . 1 . 6 0 1 3
5 6 . 8 . 5 . 7 . 3 . 2 . 8 . 3 . 2 . 1 . 7 . 3 4 0 0 4 9 7 3 4 7 1 7 0 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1
o r - t 1 b
8 . 1 . 6 0 1 3
6 . 8 . . 7 3 4 0 2 1 3
5 8 5 . 3 . 3 . 2 . 3 . 2 . 1 . 7 . 0 4 9 7 7 0 4 7 1 1 1 1 1 1
. 7 . m 0 6 8 m 1
0 . 8 . . 7 6 8 7 1
0 . . 0 6 4 1 1
e r s d u i e i o s n r d r t u o a O C R l a k s u i c s t t c h e A T n
S e N s r s r t e O I a p e S M m N E l a M n k i I c s D n m i s
o o h e i t N T n a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
38
3 1
8 . 1 . 0 . 7 9 6 2
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9 . 2 . 4 . 6 . 5 . 1 . 0 . . 4 . 2 . . 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 5 0 0 0 0
0 . . 7 6 8 1
0 . 0 . 7 . 8 . 6 4 8 7 1 1
m 0 . 7 . 0 . 8 . 0 . 7 . 7 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 8 . m 8 4 8 4 3 8 6 8 4 8 6 4 3 m 0 / . 8 . g 8 0 k 1 1
5 7
9 . 9 . 2 . 4 8 7 1
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7 9 6 6 9 5 . 5 . 2 . 2 . 8 6 5 4
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# #
A A A A A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . m 8 5 8 5 4 8 6 8 5 8 6 5 4 x x x x x 5 0 m 0 0 5 5 2 0 9 7 m 1 1 1 x x x x x 5 0 0 5 m 0 5 2 0 9 7 m 1 1 1
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
. " L " d t n n i a o a p P t M . a n n 0 o i o i 0 t 4 c s e s = s e r y f e p v i m t m c o m e c f 0 f r . o e f 6 e e > r h t t a r f L o o p f e e Z d r n b i d a f n , n a a o L P i p e s I M s ; e " 0 r 0 p R " 5 m t = o i n c o u f r p d o t n n a a o n i a s i o P n s e M t s e 0 e r 5 p . m m 4 n e o = r o i t c t y x r f a e o c i l m e f b h e m t r u p t a 0 . a s 6 R i d p h e £ t e t Z t f a d o l < t u n c a n m l o a R r m f c p . e y 5 I l e s . i ; p h 2 e " p t r Z B a t o a f . " y n ) t , a o n d i a l m i P e o t i p y t s c M e t e t 0 a s i s t r n 0 i i n f 4 ( i o o . n i a t = y 0 s f u u 0 q a t s f e 6 r m a r d 4 e r o s p n f S d e a m n r . r I y Z b o a f i c N o t P s f r / m c u n f o S u d M s e o A r i 0 t s e m o r i 5 s n r h n P t i i 3 a e e t w m e = i v r B n h t y s o e e r f s Z c o o t e n n s m r o d a e r n d t m p i e s a f m s a r 5 o t e . o e B s c c r n 2 e c l l R p I . l £ ; a a ) a m " i s t l n n e x o T i i r a c " t o f d i n t d ( e e e n m t L k ( r m i 0 a o c l o L f e o s r p u t 0 i u n t c s l 5 l x t a u 3 a e P e c C t h e n ® l o e b i h i / t a w t s r o 0 a s n G h L s t 0 r r s y a n i e e 0 i o w p i a u t 4 t D r d m e m C c e o e t / p s s s l a c c a o i r 0 l e r u o r L f p a l f o c t b 0 l n I l 5 d a e a r o i n i . e c a i 4 ) t t C a a e T c n a v e e P l r e s w a a n d M u o o c e Z l a h s r 0 a Z d e v s l g 5 c i a n l 4 s d a t c s e e i n e e e = e a T z r a t f i n f u A I e I e E S # S f . . . . . . . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 : S E T O N
November 2004
L p 3 e
9 1 1 6 9 4 5 9 2 5 = 3 m 3 . . . . . . . . . . 9 . 6 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 B n 0 e 1
0 5 . 0
Z m 5 0 7 4 5 3 6 5 7 2 9 5 Z
L 4 p
) d ( 2 . 1 . 5 E L B A T
) 0 S 0 N 1 O I S T S T ( s E I C 0 e T E L x R S 0 a E p P E 5 d O L 3 n R P G C / a n 0 N N l L O I A 0 a p i T L C A 0 c n 4 i E S U C r p E Q / 0 n V I E L o n T ® 0 t C E L 5 u o F A 4 b F E G C a A E R D U A D R G
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S E V I T C E F F E
2 s . 2 . 1 . B 6 e 0 0 0 0 x I n e 1 a p d n a n t R u p 3 o e b Z m 5 5 3 A = m 3 . 6 . 1 . 3 6 4 3 T n 0 e 1
1 . 0 . 1 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 6 4 5 4 8 5 7 2 5 6 5 8 . 9 . 3 . 0 . 9 . 9 . . . 3 2 2 1 1 0 1 0
0 5 5 . 0
Z
1 3 3 1 0 1 8
R 4
p e m 1 8 9 6 4 2 3 2 8 3 3 1 I 9 0 2 2 0 8 3 6 2 4 2 1
= 6 m 2 . 2 . 1 . 0 . 1 . 1 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . T n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e 1 I
e f
A A
6 7 8 6 0 4 2 0 0 8 7 0 . 8 . 0 . 8 . 7 . 0 . 6 . 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
2 6 6 0 5 3 0 0 8 0 9 7 8 . . . . 9 . 0 0 1 0 0
e f n v o o 2 i t a i 6 7 2 6 5 6 6 3 0 7 2 e m 1 8 4 3 3 1 5 0 2 c e t 5 8 4 3 A c 7 4 3 5 4 e 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 r e m f f A S E
E s D d l s e e A i r R Y t S G
a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
y P 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 f M 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 3 3
o
r
S O I T A R
- t 2
b
o r - t 1 b
e r s d u i e i o s n r d r t o u a O C R l a k s u i c s t t c h e A T n
S N s r e r s t O I a e p e S M m N E l a M n k i I c s D n m i s
o o h e i N T n t a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
November 2004
8 0 3 4 0 9 8
e m 1 8 5 6 4 6 6 2 1 3 8 1 I = m 9 3 9 2 0 8 5 6 4 4 2 1
0 5 . 1 . . 0 8 2 5 1 1
0 9 0 . 7 . 1 . 8 . 6 8 1 8 1 1
9 7 . . 7 9 6 1
7 4 . 6 . 8 4 1
5 . 0 1
0 0 9 5 . 1 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 8 . . 1 8 2 5 6 8 1 8 1 1 1 1
9 7 . . 7 9 6 1
7 4 . 6 . 8 4 1
5 . 0 1
m 0 . 7 . 8 . 8 7 m 4 1
0 . 7 . 8 . 9 . 8 . 9 . 8 . 9 . 9 . 4 8 7 4 7 4 7 4 4 1
m 0 . 7 . 8 . 0 . 7 . 8 . 4 . 4 . 8 . 4 . 8 . 4 . m 6 4 3 6 4 3 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 9 m 2 6 / . 5 . 6 . g 5 4 3 k
1 2 9 1 2 . 4 . 7 . 8 . 4 3 2 1
0 2 5 . 6 . 2 1
0 3 2 . 4 . 2 1
6 0 . 1
A A A A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 5 . 5 . m 6 5 4 6 5 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 x x x x x m 5 0 5 0 0 5 4 4 3 m 6 x x x x x 0 5 0 0 m 5 6 5 4 4 3 m
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
. " L " d t n n i a o a p P t M . a n n 0 o o i 0 t i 4 c s e s = s e r y f e p v i m t m c o m e c f 0 f r . o e f 6 e e > r h t t a r f L o o p f e e d r Z n b i d a f n , n a a o L P i p e s I M s ; e 0 r " 0 p R " 5 m t = o i n u c o f r p d o t n n a a o n i a s i o P n s e s M t e 0 e r 5 p 4 m m e r = t o y x c f e r o m e f h m t e r t a 0 . a 6 R d p e £ e Z t t a d l < u n c a m l a R m c p e 5 s I . i ; 2 " e r Z B o f . " ) t , n d i a l P e o i y p M t t 0 a s r n 0 i f 4 ( i o . = y s 0 f u 0 t s f a e r 6 d 4 p s n e a m S . r y o Z a f b i c N P s f r / n f o S M s e o A r i 0 t s 5 r h s n e t 3 e a i e t w = i v r B n y s o e e f s Z c n m e r n a o d n d m p i s a r m s 5 o . o e B c 2 c r n e c p I l £ ; a a m i t n x o " i r T a c " o d f ( e t e n t m i r m 0 a o l o L i e f p r u 0 t l c n t 5 x u e a a 3 c n C t h e o e i h i / t w s r 0 h s a L s t 0 r s n i e e 0 i o w p i 4 t d m t r c C e e o e t / p c s l a r o 0 r r u o L f o l c f p 0 n 5 d a e o . e c r 4 ) a i t t C a a e T c r l n e P u a e e d M l c e Z s a r 0 a Z d e v g c d n i t l 5 s n a c e 4 i e e = e a T t f n f u A I e I e E S f . . . . . 1 2 3 4 5
E L G N A
: S E T O N
39
TABLE 5.1.3 SECTION PROPERTIES for MEMBER STABILITY
DURAGAL® EQUAL ANGLE SECTIONS GRADE C450L0/C400L0/C350L0 (TS 100) about principal x- and y-axes
Designation Nominal Leg Size Thickb 1 b 2 ness
J
Coordinate of Shear Centre x o
Polar Radius of Gyration about the Shear Centre r o1
Monosymmetry Section Constant βy
kg/m
10 mm4
mm
mm
mm
150 x 150 x 8.0 CA 5.0 CA
18.0 10.8
49.0 10.1
51.6 52.2
84.3 85.2
206 209
125 x 125 x 8.0 CA 5.0 CA 4.0 CA
14.9 8.95 7.27
40.4 8.39 4.46
42.8 43.4 43.5
69.9 70.8 71.1
171 173 174
11.7 8.92 10.5 6.37 8.59 6.56 5.26 4.29
31.9 13.6 28.5 5.97 23.4 10.0 4.93 2.63
33.9 34.3 30.4 31.0 25.1 25.5 25.7 25.8
55.4 56.0 49.7 50.6 41.0 41.6 41.9 42.2
136 137 122 124 100 102 103 103
65 x 65 x 6.0 CA 5.0 CA 4.0 CA
5.62 4.52 3.69
8.59 4.24 2.26
21.9 22.2 22.3
35.8 36.2 36.4
87.7 88.6 89.2
50 x 50 x 6.0 5.0 4.0 2.5
CA CA CA CA
4.21 3.42 2.79 1.81
6.43 3.20 1.71 0.442
16.6 16.8 17.0 17.3
27.1 27.5 27.8 28.2
66.5 67.4 68.0 69.0
45 x 45 x 4.0 CA 2.5 CA
2.50 1.62
1.53 0.396
15.2 15.5
24.9 25.3
61.0 61.9
40 x 40 x 4.0 CA 2.5 CA
2.20 1.43
1.35 0.350
13.5 13.7
22.0 22.4
53.9 54.9
30 x 30 x 2.5 CA
1.06
0.258
10.2
16.6
40.7
mm
mm
mm
100 x 100 x 8.0 6.0 90 x 90 x 8.0 5.0 75 x 75 x 8.0 6.0 5.0 4.0
E L G N A
NOTES:
CA # CA# CA CA CA CA CA CA
Mass per metre
Torsion Constant
3
1. Steel grade C450L0 / C400L0 / C350L0 (for t £ 2.5 mm f y = 350 MPa and f u = 400 MPa, for 2.5 mm < t £ 6.0 mm f y = 450 MPa and f u = 500 MPa, and for t > 6.0 mm f y = 400 MPa and f u = 450 MPa). 2. With the exception of J , properties are calculated assuming a simplified shape where the bends are eliminated and the section is represented by straight mid-lines in accordance with Clause 2.1.2.1 of AS/NZS 4600. 3. bx is zero for equal angles. 4. I w is equal to zero for angles. 5. The shear centre is assumed to be located at the intersection of the centre lines of the angle legs. 6. Sizes shown in Italics may not be stocked in all states or minimum order quanitites may apply. 7.
40
#
are also available as DuraGal ® Plus (Lintels). Refer to the Product Information section at the front of this publication.
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
November 2004
. 7 . 0 . 2 . 5 . 7 . 3 . 7 . 8 . y m 5 r 1 1 6 6 5 5 0 0 0 m 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3
. ) a P M 0 5 4 = u f 3 d n 5 m 0 2 7 a y m 9 7 0 1 4 3 0 1 4 8 . . . . . . . . . a Z 3 0 3 8 4 1 1 9 4 3 2 P M 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 4 =
m 7 6 8 m 2 S 3 . 2 . 8 . 2 . 1 . 2 . 9 . 9 . 0 . 4 6 9 5 7 3 5 4 4 0 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 y
) a ( 1 . 2 . 5 E L B A T
E L G N A
S N S O ) E I I 0 T T R C 0 E 1 P E O S S s R T e P E ( x a N L 0 y O I G L d T N 0 n C A 0 a E S L 4 x L A C / l a L p 0 i U U L c F n Q i D E 0 5 r p N t 4 N A u S U C o N ® E b a O I L D S A A N G E R M A I G D R U D
3 5 6 8 6 8 2 2 4 6 6 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 4 . 5 . 5 . 4 . 4 . 4 . 3 . 3 . 4 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
n a α T
3 2 y
m
9 8 1
m 9 . 3 . 7 . . 4 . 5 . 9 . 2 . 6 . 8 Z 3 5
x
0 0 4 8 4 3 0 4 4 3 1 3 2 1 1 1 1
m 7 . 3 . 2 . 8 . 4 . 0 . 8 . 5 . 3 . 6 7 6 7 7 7 8 8 m 6 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
4
1 4 m 8 9 1 7 2 4 1 3 3 2
y m 7 7 8 9 1 4 7 6 5 I 6 0 0 0
8 . 6 . 3 . 2 . 3 . 2 . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
3
d i o r t n e C f o s e t a n i d r o o C
S N O I S N E M I D
x
2
x
4
y
. 8 . 8 . 3 . 1 . 1 . m 2 . 3 . 9 . 2 2 0 1 5 5 5 6 6 m 2 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 2
m 4 . 8 . 6 . 9 . 6 . 1 . 9 . 4 . 1 . 7 0 9 3 3 4 4 4 m 8 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1
m 6 . 3 . 0 . 6 . 8 . 5 . 2 . 4 . 3 . 6 1 0 5 5 9 8 8 m 6 7 7 6 6 5 5 3 3 3
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S
. 9 . 8 . 1 . 6 . 0 . 0 . 2 . 3 . x m 5 r m 2 2 2 3 5 6 6 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 2
3 x
m
3 6 2 0 4
7 7 4
m . . . . . 1 . . . . S 3 7 6 6 3 0 1 5 2 0 0 8 6 5 4 4 3 1 1 1 1
s i 3 x a 3 5 4 m 8 7 8 9 4 9 9 x m 3 x . . . . 1 . . . . . t Z 3 8 2 4 4 9 2 1 9 8 0 6 5 4 3 2 2 1 u 1 o b A 3
6 . 1 . 3 . 6 . 0 . 6 . 8 . m y 2 2 3 8 8 0 0 0 m 1 0 0 8 8 6 6 5 5 5 1
1 1
s e r e i u i d 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . i n d r m 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 4 s r m o a n I C R l a k s u i c s t t c h e A T n s r e r s e t a p e M m l a n k i c s n m i s o o h e i t N T n a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
November 2004
s i x a y t u 3 o b 3 m 0 1 2 1 9 2 1 y m A Z . 2 . 7 . 8 . 4 . 0 . . 0 . 3 . 8 3 8 0 6 3 9 7 8 6 2 2 2 1 1 1
m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 8 . . 0 . 0 m 8 6 8 6 8 6 6 4 3
4 8 4 4 m 9 3 7 2 / . 2 . 7 . 3 . 3 . 5 . . . . 9 g 4 1 8 0 7 5 4 3 k 1 1 1 1 1 # #
A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . m 8 6 8 6 8 6 6 5 4 x x x x m 0 5 5 0 7 7 5 m 0 1 x x x x 0 5 5 m 0 5 0 2 7 m 1 1 1
m 9 7 5 m 5 . 4 . 1 . 4 . 0 . 6 . 2 . 4 . 1 . Z 3 5 4 8 9 7 6 0 1 9 3 3 2 5 3 2 1 1 1 x
4
m
4 8 2
x m 3 2 4 1 4 7 6 7 1 I 6 2 0 7 1 6 2 4 3 3 0 . . . . . . . . .
1 5 4 2 2 1 1 0 0 0
f n o o 2 l 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 3 1 l a i f 4 9 4 9 8 8 5 5 u e t A m 9 c 4 4 1 2 9 6 5 4 F r e m 8 1 1 1 1 1 A S s r e r s e t a p e M m l a n k i c s n m i s o o h e i t N T n a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
4 8 4 4 m 9 3 7 2 / . 2 . 7 . 3 . . . 9 . 3 . 5 . g 4 1 8 0 7 5 4 3 k 1 1 1 1 1 # #
A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . m 8 6 8 6 8 6 6 5 4 x x x x m 0 5 5 0 7 7 5 m 0 1 x x x x 5 0 5 m 0 5 2 0 7 m 1 1 1
. n o i t a c i l b u p s i h t f o t n y f o r f m m e h 0 t . 6 t a > t n r o o i f t c d e n s a , n a o i P t M a 0 m 0 r 5 o f = n I u f t c d n u a d o a r P P M e 0 h 5 t 4 o = t y r f e f m e . m y R l 0 . . p e 6 p z £ i a t s y l < a e m m t n i m s L 5 e . t d i 2 t e i r r n r o f a f e , u a q e r P p M . r e a 0 0 0 d r s 0 4 6 o i = 4 m A u S f u C d Z m 0 i . n N n 6 a / i a S m x P A 0 M t h r o 0 0 i s 1 5 w e x 3 t a 0 = e c t y f n s 5 1 a l m d l . a ) m r s o n l 5 e . c i t 2 c n a d £ e i L t i n k c ( r o o s f t ( d u e s l t 0 a L l e P 0 u b ® l 5 l a 3 c t o G C a n / c a y r 0 e a u L r 0 a m D 0 s 4 e s s c a C i l e / t r i a l e t 0 L p I b a 0 o i n l 5 r i a p 4 v C n n a w o o o e i d t h s a c s l r a g e l s s e l e r e l z a e u i t S F S # . . . . 1 2 3 4 : S E T O N
41
f t o n 4 1 1 3 5 6 1 0 9 t e a c m e r p m 6 8 9 1 7 4 5 2 9 u o I n 6 m 6 . 6 . 5 . 4 . 1 . 1 . 0 . . 2 . 7 d M A 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f 0 o o 1 r d n P 2 p r
d n a a P M 0 0 8 5 8 4 7 3 6 5 6 . . . . . . . . . m 9 9 1 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 m 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 =
3 p
6 4 m 1 9 4 2 8 9 7 9 5 5
. . . . . . . . . m 8 S 3 8 1 6 0 5 6 5 4
) b ( 1 . 2 . 5 E L B A T
S N S O ) E I I 0 T T R C 0 E 1 s P E O S S e x R a T P E ( p N L 0 d O I G L n T N 0 a C 0 n A E l 4 S L a p L A C / i L c n U U 0 i L F r Q p 0 D E 5 n N o 4 N A n C U t S N ® E u o O I L D b a S A A N E G R M I A G D R U D
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S
0 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 s i x 3 a m 8 3 7 2 7 R p p m 5 . . 4 . 9 . 1 . 6 . 9 . 8 . 1 . 5 t Z 3 1 6 1 9 1 8 3 3 2 u 0 2 1 1 1 o 1 b 3 A 4 L m 1 1 2 0 8 7 4 6 p m . . . . . . . 8 . . 4 Z 3 6 9 2 2 6 1 9 8 0 0 7 5 3 3 3 2 1 1 4 p I
3
m 7 5 3 2 4 9 8 8 3 4 0 4 1 9 m 5 7 6 6 . 2 . 6 . 5 . 6 . 5 . 1 . 1 . 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
5 . 8 . 3 . 6 . 8 . 1 . 9 . 2 . 3 . n m 8 r 8 0 0 1 2 3 4 4
m 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2
3 n
m 1 3 4 1 0 9 2 5 3 4
. . . . . . . . . m 9 S 3 0 2 0 5 6 4 1 9
0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 1 s i x 3 a T m 2 6 7 7 4 9 8 3 6 n n m . . . . . . 9 . 4 . 2 . t Z 3 4 3 9 2 9 4 7 6 5 u 0 4 3 2 2 1 1 o 1 b 3 A m 0 B . 3 . 3 . 1 . 1 . 2 . 3 . 0 . 9 . n m 1 1 6 4 0 2 5 3 0 Z 3 9 7 5 4 4 3 1 1 1 0 1 4
3 6 m 6 2 3 7 1 2 3 9 2 6
n m 4 4 4 8 3 0 3 3 2 I . . . . . . . . . 6
0 4 3 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1
f n l o i o f 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 3 1 l t A m 9 4 9 4 9 8 8 5 5 u a 4 4 1 2 9 6 5 4 F e r c m 8 e 1 1 1 1 1 A S R
. 3 . 0 . 3 . 3 . 5 . 3 . 4 . 2 . m 5
7 7 8 5 6 7 8 8 n m 6 7 7 5 5 5 5 3 3 3
s L e d n t a i n f o r i o t d n r e o C T o p C
. 7 . 0 . 7 . 7 . 5 . 7 . 6 . 8 . m 5 3 2 7 6 9 8 2 2 1 m 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 7 . 5 . 3 . 3 . 2 . 6 . m 1 2 8 1 2 7 8 9 0 0 m 0 0 8 8 6 6 4 5 5 1 1
S N 0 2 2 3 5 7 7 8 4 O B m . . . . . . . . . I 8 3 2 2 1 5 4 4 p m 9 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 S N E s r e r M 2 4 8 4 4 m t I s / a e . 3 . 7 . 9 . 2 . 7 . 3 . 3 . 5 . g 9 p e D M m k 4 1 1 8 0 7 5 4 3 1 1 1
l a n k i c s n m i s o o h i N T e n t a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
42
# #
1
A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . m 8 6 8 6 8 6 6 5 4 x x x x m 0 5 5 0 0 m 1 7 7 5 x x x x 5 0 5 m 0 5 2 0 7 m 1 1 1
. n o i t a c i l b u p y s f i h t m f m o t 0 . n 6 o r f > t e r h t o f t a d n n a o i , t a c e P s M n 0 o i 0 t 5 a = m r u f o f d n I n t a c u a d P o r M P 0 5 e 4 h t = o t y f r e m f e m R 0 . . e 6 z i £ s t l e < t n i m L m . d y 5 l e . r p 2 r p f e r a o e f r y , a p a m a P s s i M e t 0 i A t 0 i C 4 n a 0 = u . u q 6 f x d . r e n 0 d a 0 r 0 0 a 6 o 1 P 4 m x M S u 0 0 Z m 5 5 N / i n 1 . 3 S i ) s = A m l r t e y h f t i o i n s m w L e ( m e t a s c t 5 u . n s l 2 a l P l d £ r a ® t o n l c i a r c d G o f a e a ( r n k u 0 i c D L o 0 d t e s s 5 t 3 a e a l e C u b l / c t b a o 0 l l a n i L c a 0 y v e 0 r a a 4 a m o C s s / s l e i c i 0 t l a r L a e e I r t 0 p a 5 o n # . r i 4 ) C a p n n e P n w w o o o d M i a t h r c s h 0 s g e l 5 s s s 4 e l l e e e = u i z z i t u F S S S f . . . . 1 2 3 4
E L G N A
: S E T O N
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
November 2004
3
m 0 1 2 1 9 2 1 . 0 . . 0 . 3 . 2 . 7 . 8 . 8 . 4 m 8 Z 0 6 3 9 7 8 6 2 2 2 d 1 1 n 1 a 5 y e
3
4
s i x a y t u o b A
) a ( 2 . 2 . 5 E L B A T
E L G N A
S N O I ) T 0 0 S C 1 E I E S s T S e R E T x ( E a P L 0 O G L y d R P N 0 n 0 a N A 4 x O I L C l T A / a p C U 0 i E c S Q L n 0 i E E 5 r p V I N 4 t T U C u o C E ® E b a F L F D E A A G R A G R U D
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S E V I T C E F F E
1 1 4 5 m 8 9 1 7 2 4 3 3 2 y m 7 7 8 9 1 4 7 6 5 e 6 8 6 3 2 3 2 0 0 0 I . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 3 , m 2 6 2 1 9 2 9 y m 8 2 0 e 3 . 1 . 7 . 8 . 8 . 4 . 9 . . . 3
Z 0 6 1 9 7 8 6 2 2 1
1 1 1
4 1 1 0 3 , m 8 9 1 5 2 4 3 3 2 2 7 3 8 9 1 4 7 6 5 y m e 6 8 I . 5 . 3 . 2 . 3 . 2 . 0 . 0 . 0 .
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
3
m 9 7 0 m 5 . 8 . 4 . 6 . 1 . 0 . 2 . 4 . 1 . Z 1 6 3 5 4 8 0 5 3 3 2 2 1 9 7 6 1 4 x e
4
4 m 3 9 4 1 4 7 6 7 0 x m e 6 2 . 5 . 1 . 2 . 7 . 6 . 4 . 3 . I . 3
4 8 9
s i x 0 5 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 a 1 x t 3 u o 1 m 9 7 0 x b e m 2 9 4 3 0 0 2 1 3 A Z . . . . . . . . . 3 9 9 4 2 7 5 9 6 4 0 1 3 2 2 1 2 1 4
1 m 2 2 0 0 4 3 6 8 8 x m e 6 5 . 8 . 2 . 9 I . 3 . 6 . 4 . 2 . 1 .
6 4 6 5
0 3 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 7 3 9 1 9 2 0 4 1 9 2 7 4 6 3 6 5 4 7 . 6 . 7 . 9 . 8 . 9 . 8 . 8 . 7 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
e f
A A
e f n v o o 2 i 0 4 0 1 0 0 t a i 2 4 e m 1 9 1 4 5 2 8 c e t 5 7 3 A c 3 2 5 8 8 8 e 6 4 3 r e m 1 1 1 f f A S E
E s D d l s e e A i r R Y t S G
S O I T A R
a
y P 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f 0 5 0 5 0 5 5 5 5
M 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
o r - t 2 b
8 8 0 9 5 . 3 . 3 . 0 . 3 . 2 . 2 . . 7 . 1 0 4 7 0 7 0 6 8 1 1 1 1 1 1
o r - t 1 b
8 . 6 . 5 . 5 . 3 . 2 . 7 . 1 . 7 . 6 2 3 8 0 4 0 4 7 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
e r s d u i e i o s n r d r t o u a O C R l a k s u i c s t t c h e A T n
S N s r e r s t O I a e p e S M m N E l a M n k i I c s D n m i s
o o h e i N T n t a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
November 2004
3
m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 8 . 4 6 4 6 4 4 8 7 m 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 8 . m 8 6 8 6 8 6 6 4 3 4 8 4 4 m 9 3 7 2 / . 2 . 7 . 3 . . . 9 . 3 . 5 . g 4 1 8 0 7 5 4 3 k 1 1 1 1 1 # #
a P M 0 0 4 =
. n o i t c e s y f e . v i n m t o c i m t e f a 0 f . c i e 6 l b e > u h t t p r f s o i o f h t e d r f n b o i a f t , n n a o o P i r f s M s e e 0 h r t 0 p t 5 a m = o n u c f o i r t d o c n e n a s o i a n s P o n i t e M t a 0 m e r 5 4 m o f e n r = I t y x t f e c u m e d h m o t r t 0 P . a 6 e d h £ . t e " t t a 5 o l " t < u t r c i n m l e f a o m e c p . y R 5 t l s . i . p e 2 . a e " p z r n Z i a 4 o o f s . " i y l ) , s a e d t s a n l m t P e i n o e r i i y p p s L M t t e m i t d 0 s t r a o 0 e i r i c f 4 n r ( n r o a f e i = y 0 o f s f 0 u u t s 6 q e f e e r 4 r r a r p d e a s p a n d S e a 5 r s . y Z o i y r m e a f b i o Z N P s f c / A S m n r M s u C o d e f o n A m 0 r i 0 t i . e a h 5 s s n 6 n r t i 5 i 3 e a y e t e w m x = i v r 4 I ; r y s o x e " e o 0 f 0 s Z c 3 e " n n s 1 m r o d a e x t m p i n d d r t a 0 a n m s s 5 a o . o e 4 " c s 5 2 c r x 1 l e 2 c l l p I . " a a ) £ a m ; i t s " s l n n x o 1 t i i e r a c " i n d d t o f n ( o e e i e t m n i p t L r m k ( 0 a o t c l o L i e o s r p a u t 0 f c s l n t u 5 x t n l u a 3 e i o a P e c C t h e n s ® l i h i o s e b / a e r t w t s r o 0 a G s n h e p L s t a 0 r n i r m s e y 0 i u o w p o t i a 4 t d m c r D m C c e o r e e t c o p s s / s l a f r c a o i 0 l e r u r o e L f p a l o f r c t 0 l a n I b 5 d a e a r o i i n l . e c a 3 4 ) , i t 2 t C a a e 1 y c n a v e e r a e P l e Z s w u a x d M l o o c e Z d a e h s r a n i v s l g 0 c Z d a t s a n d l 5 c s n a 3 e 4 i , e e e 2 f e = e a 1 z r a t x y f i u A I e I e I e E S # S f . . . . . . . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . m 8 6 8 6 8 6 6 5 4 x x x x m 0 5 5 0 7 7 5 m 0 1 : x x x x S 5 0 5 E m 0 5 2 0 7 T m 1 1 1
O N
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
43
3
m 1 3 7 2 5 . 0 . 9 . 6 . 9 . 8 . 1 . 5 . m 5 . 1 Z 0 1 6 1 9 1 8 3 3 2 d 2 1 1 1 n 1 a L p e
3
a
4
7 P
7 5 3 2 4 9 6 L m 5 9 8 2 4 0 4 1 9 p m 6 1 6 5 6 5 1 1 0 e . . . . . . . . . I 6 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
s i x a p t 3 u o 8 3 7 2 3 R m p b e m 5 . 3 . 9 . 1 . 6 . 9 . 8 . 1 . 4 . A Z 3 1 2 1 9 1 8 3 3 2 0 2 1 1 1 1
) b ( 2 . 2 . 5 E L B A T
S N O I ) T 0 0 S C 1 s E I E S e x T S a R E T ( E p P L 0 d O G L n R a P N 0 0 n N A 4 l O I L C a p T A / i C U 0 c n E i L S Q 0 r p E E 5 n V I N 4 o n T U C t C E ® E u o F L b F D E A A a G R A G R U D
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S E V I T C E F F E
4
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
3
m 8 3 6 m 2 . 3 . 7 . 7 . 4 . 9 . 9 . 2 . 4 . Z 0 4 3 9 2 9 4 7 6 5 1 4 3 2 2 1 1 B n e
3
4
3 3 6 m s i x a 0 4 3 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 n t 3 u o T m 8 9 9 n b e m 2 5 4 1 4 9 9 2 5 . . . . . . . . . A Z 3 8 6 5 9 1 7 5 3 0 3 1 3 1 2 1 1 1 B 5 3 7 1 2 9 2 6 n m 6 e 6 4 . 3 . 4 . 8 . 3 . 0 . 3 . 2 . 3 . I
4
T m 4 4 5 4 1 3 9 4 5 n m 9 4 0 0 3 7 3 2 1 e 6 . . . . . . . . . I
5 3 3 3
0 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 7 3 9 1 9 2 0 4 1 9 2 7 4 6 3 6 5 4 7 . 6 . 7 . 8 . 8 . 9 . 9 . 8 . 7 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
e f
A A
e f n v o o 2 i t a i 0 4 0 1 0 0 8 2 e m 1 9 1 4 5 2 5 7 4 c e t 3 A c 8 3 8 2 8 6 4 3 e r e m 5 f 1 1 1 f A E S
E s D d l s e e A i r R Y t S G
a
y P 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 f 0 5 0 5 0 5 5 5 5
M 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
o
- t
8 0 9 8 5 . 3 . 0 . 3 . 3 . 2 . 2 . 7 . 1 . 0 4 7 0 7 0 6 8 1 1 1 1 1 1
o r - t 1 b
8 . 7 . 6 . 5 . 5 . 3 . 2 . 1 . 7 . 6 2 3 8 0 4 0 4 7 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
r
S O I T A R
2
b
e r s d u i e i o s n r d r t u o a O C R l a k s u i c s t t c h e A T n
S e N s r s r t e O I a p e S M m N E l a M n k i I c s D n m i s
o o h e i t N T n a n e 2 g z b i s i e S D g 1 e L b
44
9 7 7 5 3 2 4 9 0
R m 5 3 8 3 4 0 4 1 9 p m 6 8 6 5 6 5 1 1 0 e 6 . . . . . . . . . I
. 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 8 m 0 . 0 . 6 4 6 4 4 8 7 6 4 m 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 8 . m 8 6 8 6 8 6 6 4 3 4 8 4 4 m 9 3 7 2 / . . . 9 . 2 . 7 . 3 . 3 . 5 . g 4 1 8 0 7 5 4 3 k 1 1 1 1 1 # #
M 0 0 4 =
. n o i t c e s y f e . v i n m t o c i m t e f a 0 f . c i e 6 l b e > u h t t p r f s o i o f h t e d r f n b o i a f t , n n a o o P i r f s M s e e 0 h r t 0 p t 5 a m = o n c u f o i r t d o c n e n a s o i a n s P o n i t e M t a 0 m e 5 r m o 4 f e n = r I t y x t f e c u m e d h m o t r t 0 P . a 6 e d h £ e t t t a o l t < u r c m l e f a m e c . y R 5 l s . i . ; . p 2 e " " p e r z L B i Z a " o s f . " t t y l ) , n n i a t d i e a l m i P e o o n i p p y t t s L M t e a a t 0 s i d t r n n 0 i e i f r 4 o ( i r o i . n a f e = s y s 0 f u s u 0 q e t s f e e 6 a r r 4 r r p d e a s p p n d m S m e a r s . y r o o Z o i b c c N a f i P s f r r / A o S m o f n f M s u C e o A r i 0 t s e e m 0 i . 5 s n r r n 6 t i a h 3 e a L i e t w m x = i v r B n p e 0 y s o e Z e r f s Z c o 0 1 e n n d s m r o d n a e x n a d t m p i s a m s a L r 5 o t 0 . o e B p c s 5 e c r n 2 l e I c l 1 l p I . ; a a ) £ ; a " m i t s l n i n x o " R i r T e a c " " o t d d t f n ( e t i n e e n m i t i o k L r m 0 ( a o c l o L f e p u o s r p t 0 i c t n t u 5 s l x t a l a u 3 a e P e n c n C h b ® e o i t i h / i o r e t l a w t s s 0 s a o n G h s L e s t e s y a 0 n i r r e a r 0 i w p p i u o 4 t d m m t r m D o C c e o e e t c c p s s / s l a c a r r o l 0 r u r o p i e o f L f a l f o c t 0 b l I e n 5 d a e a r o n l i . e c r 4 ) a a i t i a C a t R e c v T n a p e e P l r e e s w a a n d M u o o c e Z Z a l h s r a Z d d e v s l g 0 c d n n i 5 t s a l 4 s e i n a a c e e R e z r e = e a T a t f i n p f u A I e I e I e E S # S f . . . . . . . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
E L G N A
A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . m 8 6 8 6 8 6 6 5 4 x x x x m 0 5 5 0 0 m 1 7 7 5 : x x x x S 5 0 5 m 0 E 5 2 0 7 T m 1 1 1
O N
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
November 2004
TABLE 5.2.3 SECTION PROPERTIES for MEMBER STABILITY
DURAGAL® UNEQUAL ANGLE SECTIONS GRADE C450L0/C400L0 (TS 100) about principal x- and y-axes
Designation Nominal Leg Size Thickb 1 b 2 ness mm
mm mm
Mass per metre
J kg/m
#
Torsion Constant
10 mm4
Coordinates of Shear Centre x o y o
Polar Radius of Gyration about the Shear Centre r o1
Monosymmetry Section Constants βx βy
3
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
150 x 100 x 8.0 CA 6.0 CA#
14.9 11.3
40.4 17.2
35.4 35.8
32.4 32.4
74.2 74.7
78.6 78.7
161 163
125 x 75 x 8.0 CA 6.0 CA
11.7 8.92
31.9 13.6
25.5 25.9
31.2 31.3
60.8 61.3
74.7 74.9
126 127
100 x 75 x 8.0 CA 6.0 CA
10.2 7.74
27.6 11.8
26.6 27.0
16.8 16.8
49.8 50.4
41.3 41.3
114 115
75 x 50 x 6.0 CA 5.0 CA 4.0 CA
5.38 4.34 3.54
17.3 17.6 17.7
16.2 16.2 16.2
36.6 36.9 37.2
39.2 39.2 39.3
NOTES:
8.23 4.07 2.17
79.2 80.2 80.8
1. Steel grade C450L0 / C400L0 / C350L0 (for t £ 2.5 mm f y = 350 MPa and f u = 400 MPa, for 2.5 mm < t £ 6.0 mm f y = 450 MPa and f u = 500 MPa, and for t > 6.0 mm f y = 400 MPa and f u = 450 MPa). 2. With the exception of J , properties are calculated assuming a simplified shape where the bends are eliminated and the section is represented by straight mid-lines in accordance with Clause 2.1.2.1 of AS/NZS 4600. 3. I w is equal to zero for angles. 4. The shear centre is assumed to be located at the intersection of the centre lines of the angle legs. 5. Sizes shown in Italics may not be stocked in all states or minimum order quanitites may apply. 6.
#
are also available as DuraGal ® Plus (Lintels). 150 x 100 x 6.0 CA is a preferred Lintel size. Refer to the Product
Information section at the front of this publication.
E L G N A
November 2004
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
45
9 2 1 0 6 7 1 5 5 6 5 m 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
. . . . . . . . . y m . . 5 6 7 2 2 2 3 3 0 5 2 r
3
m 1 1 4 2 8 3 . . . . . . m 2 S 3 7 6 2 1 5 6 4 4 3 3 2 0 1
1 . 5 2
8 6 8 . 1 . 7 . . 4 4 5 8 5 2 1
4 . 9 . 3 4 5 4
2 . 1 4
6 . 5 3
y
s i x 3 a L m 6 y . y m t Z 3 0 6 2 9 u 0 o 1 1 b A
3 . 3 8
8 . 9 5
2 . 1 2
3 2 . . 9 2 6 1
3
6 1 m 0 8 2 2 9 3 1 7 2 . . . . . . . . . 3 . 8 . 0 m Z 3 5 6 6 8 7 4 4 3 8 4 3 0 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 R y
1 . 1 . 6 E L B A T
S ) E I S 0 T N 0 R E O 1 P I O T S R C T P ( E N S 0 O I L L T 0 C E 0 E N 4 S L N C / L A 0 U F H L D C 0 N ® 5 A L 4 S A C N G E O I A D S N R A E U R M I D G D
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S
s e x a y d n a x l a p i c n i r p t u o b a
4 y I
m m 4 9 6 4 . 8 . 0 2 1 1
9 7 . 1
5 0 . 1
2 0 1 0 . 8 . 1 0
7 8 7 . 0
3 4 7 . 0
8 8 3 . 0
4 7 1 . 0
0 4 8 0 . 0
6 . 5 . 5 . 4 . 5 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 1 . x m r m 0 1 4 5 5 6 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1
9 8 7 7 6 5 4 3 2
u f
3
m x s S m 9 5 i 3 x 7 0 5 a 1 3 2 x t 3 u o m b x m 4 7 A Z 3 2 0 9 1 2 2
7 . 0 6 5 9 3 1 6 3 0 9 2 1 1 1
5 . 2 7
8 . 1 4
4 . 5 2
4 . 4 1
8 . 3 . 1 . 7 . . 5 . 2 6 7 2 1 9 2 6 1 2 7 3 1 9 7 6 3 2 1 1 1 1
4
7 8 6 7 5 8 5 4 1 5 1 9 7 4 2 1 0 0 4 1 4 3 2 1 1 m
x m 2 0 9 7 2 1 1 6 2 0 4 I . . . . . . . . . . . 6
f n l o i o f 2 0 0 l t A m 3 5 u a 7 F e r c m 6 e 3 2 A S
0 5 4 2
0 5 1 2
0 0 7 8 9 5 1 1
0 8 4 1
0 1 2 1 4 2 1 4 3 9 7 5 1
. d i d r f o r L m 3 . 5 . o o t x 0 9 o n m 2 1 e C C
6 . 1 2
5 . 7 1
8 . 1 . 8 8 1 1
1 . 9 1
9 . 0 2
3 . 8 1
3 . 4 1
1 . 2 1
n s t h t e e e 2 m 4 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 7 p w g 8 8 3 1 8 9 7 4 1 n e t a - m 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 d D e l B F
4 . 2 9
4 . 7 6
e r s u i d e 0 n i i . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . d r m 8 s r o a m 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 n I C R
L E N N A H C
S N O I l a k s u i c s t m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 7 . 7 . 8 . 8 . 8 . S t e 8 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 3 3 3 m N c h n E A T M I D s e 3 9 5 r r m 5 6 2 9 5 4 6 5 2 5 2 s e t a e M p m
l a n k i c s n m i s o o h i N T e n t a n g f i b s e D
/ . . . . . . . . . . . g 8 1 9 6 5 2 1 0 7 5 4 k 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . m 8 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4
x m 0 m 9 x 0 m 0 d m 3
46
. ) a P M 0 5 4 =
x 0 9 x 0 5 2
x 5 7 x 0 3 2
x 5 7 x 0 0 2
x 5 7 x 0 8 1
x 5 7 x 0 5 1
x 5 6 x 5 2 1
x 0 5 x 0 0 1
x 0 4 x 5 7
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
d n a a P M 0 0 4 = y f
m . y m l p 0 . p 6 a > y a t r m o f s e d t i n t i a n , a a u P q M . r e 0 0 d 0 0 r 5 6 o = 4 m u S u f m d Z n N / i n a S i a A m P h r t o M i s 0 w t e 5 e a 4 c t s = n a l y d l f r a n m o c i m c a d e 0 . n k 6 i c o £ d t e t t s r l a e o b f ( u c t l 0 a o L c n 0 y 0 e a 4 r a m C s / e s c i i 0 t l L r a e t 0 p I 5 o n 4 r i C p n e n w o o d i a t h r c s g l e s s e l l e e z t u i S F S . . . 1 2 3 : S E T O N
November 2004
3
2 . 6 2
2 . 8 1
9 . 3 . 7 4 1 1
1 . 4 1
2 6 1 7 . 3 . 8 . 0 . 3 8 4 3 1
9 7 . 1
5 0 . 1
2 0 1 0 . 8 . 1 0
7 8 7 . 0
3 4 7 . 0
2 . 2 2
2 . 8 1
4 7 1 9 . 0 . 0 . 9 . 2 . 6 . 0 . 7 1 1 0 6 4 3 1 1 1 1
1 4 . 0 2 1 1 1
5 0 . 1
0 0 6 0 . 5 . 1 0
m 0 8 . m . 6 Z 0 5 3 2 1 L y e
3
4
2 . 1 . 6 E L B A T
S ) N 0 0 S O 1 I E I T S s T e R C T x ( E E a P 0 y S O L d R L 0 n P E a 0 N N 4 x O I N C l / a T A p C 0 i E H L c S n 0 i C r E 5 p ® V I L 4 t u T o C A C b E G E a F F A D E R A U R D G
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S E V I T C E F F E
L m 4 9 y m e 6 4 . . 8 I
s i x 0 2 1 a 1 y t 3 u o R m b y . 4 . e m 0 A Z 3 5 2 0 3 2 1 4
R m 4 6 y m 4 4 e 6 . . I
3
x m s e m 4 6 8 i x Z 3 9 0 5 a 0 2 2 1 1 x t 4 u o m x b e m 2 . 0 . 5 . A I 6 4 2 0 0 4 3 2 1
e f n v o o 2 0 0 i t a i e 5 0 c e t A m 4 1 e r c f m 3 2 e f A S E
E s D d l s e e A i t r R Y S G
6 5 2 . 0
4 6 1 . 0
0 4 8 0 . 0
0 4 8 0 . 0
5 . 1 . 2 . 4 . 9 . 8 . 2 8 9 8 2 9 0 2 3 0 7 6 5 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 . 2
7 5 4 . 0
4 . 5 1
7 0 . 3 . 1 8 1
0 5 . 6
2 2 . 4
0 5 9 1
0 0 8 4 8 2 1 1
0 2 2 1
0 9 2 1 6 7 7 4 1 7 6 5 1
4 0 . 1
a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
A A
)
o e r
b b (
)
o r e 2
d d (
) o r - t b ( ) o r 2 t d ( n s t h t e e e 2 p w g e t n a d D e l B F e r s d u i e i o s n r d r t o u a C R O l a k s u i c s t S t c h e N A T n O I s e r S s r t N a e e p E M m M l I a D i n k c s n m i s o o h e i t N T n a n g f i b s e D
1 3 8 . 0
6 0 9 . 0
5 7 5 8 9 . 7 . 0 0
0 2 8 . 0
9 6 8 . 0
5 4 8 . 0
4 4 9 . 0
0 0 . 1
1 1 0 8 . 0
5 2 9 . 0
5 1 2 4 9 . 7 . 0 0
1 4 7 . 0
1 4 7 . 0
5 0 7 . 0
5 7 8 . 0
0 0 . 1
5 2 8 . 0
9 7 8 . 0
8 7 6 9 9 . 7 . 0 0
3 6 8 . 0
7 7 9 . 0
6 6 9 . 0
0 0 . 1
0 0 . 1
7 . 2 1 1
2 . 0 1
2 . 1 . 0 4 1 1
1 . 4 1
1 . 4 1
1 . 5 1
7 1 . 4 . 1 8 1
0 . 7 3
7 . 3 3
7 . 9 . 8 8 2 3
6 . 4 3
2 . 8 2
8 . 8 2
2 . 2 2
0 3 5 6 9 . 7 . 0 0
0 0 0 . 8 . 1 0 5 2 1 1 9 . 7 . 0 0
5 2 . . 7 9 2
5 . 3 . 3 5 3 4
6 . 5 1
4 . 4 . m 4 8 8 8 8 1 1 1 7 2 7 8 8 3 1 8 1 9 7 4 9 6 m 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 m 0 . 0 . 4 m 6 1 1
0 . 4 1
0 . 4 1
0 . 7 . 8 . 8 . 7 . 8 . . 7 4 8 8 8 7 7 7 1
. 0 m 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . 8 . 8 . 0 . 7 . 7 . 8 . m 8 6 6 6 6 4 4 4 3 3 3
3 9 5 m 5 / . 9 . 5 . 4 . 6 . 2 . 6 . 5 . 2 . 5 . 2 . g 8 1 9 6 5 2 1 0 7 5 4 k 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C m 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . m 8 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 4 4 4
x m 0 m 9 x 0 m d 0 m 3
November 2004
2 3 5 . 0
4 7 1 . 0
y P 0 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 f M 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
e f
S O I T A R
0 4 0 2
0 5 5 . 0
8 8 3 . 0
x 0 9 x 0 5 2
x 5 7 x 0 3 2
x 5 7 x 0 0 2
x 5 7 x 0 8 1
x 5 7 x 0 5 1
x 5 6 x 5 2 1
x 0 5 x 0 0 1
x 0 4 x 5 7
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
. ) a P M 0 5 4 = u f
d n a a P M 0 0 4 = y f
m . y m l . p 0 " . p 6 R a " > y t a t n i r m o o p f s t . e d y a t i n f t i a n s o , s i . n a e 0 a r s P t s 0 u q M s e r 6 4 r p e e 0 v m S d 0 . i s 5 y s o Z r c N o = l e e r / m r v u i o S u f t p f m e A i m d c e r h n p o n t i a s c a i l R w m a e a y P r i e e r x Z c o M e g a d n s 0 n m n a t e 5 l a r a d r t a 4 f f o o R c s = d i y c l n l e y n u I f a ; a a h " n b t n m i L i i " m e d w w t d e e 0 n t . e s n i a k 6 h c l o o t i o p u t £ f t c t c l s t o a a r s e s n c e o f ( h o e b t r t o i s r i f 0 d a o L w d s e s n 0 e r t e y 0 e i a v l a p t 4 i r t m u C c c o e m / f e l c p s c o i a r r 0 f o p l L e c f a t 0 e e n I 5 t e h r r a o n 4 i t i e e a C r L c n A e y e a e s w d e d Z o a b n e h r v s g d a d i t s l n e n e a b a c e e L f e , z t e e y f i e E S S d d I . . . . . . 1 2 3 4 5 6
L E N N A H C
: S E T O N
47
TABLE 6.1.3 SECTION PROPERTIES for MEMBER STABILITY
DURAGAL® CHANNEL SECTIONS GRADE C450L0/C400L0 (TS 100) about principal x- and y-axes
Designation Nominal Thickd b f ness
Mass per metre
Torsion Constant J 3
10 mm
Warping Constant I w
4
10 mm6
Coordinate of Shear Centre x o
9
mm
Polar Radius of Monosymmetry Gyration about the Section Shear Centre Constant βy r o1
mm m m m m
kg/m
mm
mm
300 x 90 x 8.0 CC 6.0 CC
28.5 21.6
77.4 33.0
37.7 29.6
43.4 44.0
122 123
338 340
250 x 90 x 6.0 CC
19.2
29.4
19.2
47.8
110
273
230 x 75 x 6.0 CC
16.9
25.8
9.48
37.8
96.7
254
200 x 75 x 6.0 CC 5.0 CC
15.5 12.4
23.7 11.6
6.78 5.52
40.2 40.6
89.0 89.7
217 218
180 x 75 x 5.0 CC
11.6
10.9
4.29
42.4
84.9
197
150 x 75 x 5.0 CC
10.5
9.87
2.77
45.4
78.3
171
125 x 65 x 4.0 CC
7.23
4.43
1.01
40.0
67.0
145
100 x 50 x 4.0 CC
5.59
3.43
0.285
30.1
51.8
113
75 x 40 x 4.0 CC
4.25
2.60
0.0760
24.4
40.1
NOTES:
85.9
1. Steel grade C450L0 / C400L0 (for t £ 6.0 mm f y = 450 MPa and f u = 500 MPa, and for t > 6.0 mm f y = 400 MPa and f u = 450 MPa). 2. With the exception of J , properties are calculated assuming a simplified shape where the bends are eliminated and the section is represented by straight mid-lines in accordance with Clause 2.1.2.1 of AS/NZS 4600. 3. bx is zero for channels. 4. Sizes shown in Italics may not be stocked in all states or minimum order quanitites may apply.
L E N N A H C
48
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
November 2004
t 4 n n m 2 4 a o t i . . J 3 m 1 s s 0 r n 0 5 1 o o 1 T C
5
7 . 6 . 2 8 4
2
1 . 9 . . 4 4 4 6 3 1
9 6 . 8 . 1 . 5 0 5 2 1
6 1 6 1 3 6 1 3 6 y m 1 3 3 3 3 3 7 3 3 7 3 r m . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 2 1
3
m 0 6 y m 8 s S 3 . 6 . i x 0 4 1 a 1 y t u 3 o b m y A Z m 0 0 3 2 . 1 . 0 3 1 1 4
) a ( 1 . 7 E L B A T
S ) E I 0 T R S 0 E 1 P N O O S R I T P T ( N C 0 O I E L T S 0 C 5 E T 3 S A L L C / L U F 0 F ® L D L 0 N A 0 4 A G S A C N E O I R D S U N D A E R M I G D
s i x a e n i l e s a b d n a s e x a y d n a x l a p i c n i r p t u o b a
S E I T R E P O R P N O I T C E S
y I
0
6 m 8 2 2 m 1 6 0 0 . 0 . 0 1 0 0
0 8 0 . 3 . 4 1
0
7 2 6 . 9 . 2 0
2 1 1 2 1 1
8 0 0 0 0 5 2 2 . 1 . 4 . 8 . 3 . 8 . 3 1 1 2 1 0
6 0 2 3 0 3 0 0 5 1 . 7 . 9 . 2 . 6 . 5 . 2 1 0 1 0 0
6 3 0 3 5 6 7 8 3 1 0 0 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0
7 1 0 2 1 0 0 . 0 . 0 0
0 0 0 4 7 3 6 2 1 0 0 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 0
x m 6 . 6 . 2 . 2 . 3 . 7 . 3 . 7 . 3 . 7 . r m 6 6 2 2 7 7 7 3 3 3
8 8 7 7
5 5 5 4 4 4
3
m m 0 6 s S 3 i 0 x 0 8 a 1 1 1 x t u 3 o b m 5 . x A Z m 0 0 3 2 7 0 1 1 x
4 . 0 . 0 . . 0 0 0 7 8 6 4
5 3 2 7 1
3 . 0 . 3 9 8 4
0 . 8 . 4 . 5 3 6 4 3 2
3 . 3 . 0 . 5 . 0 . 6 . 3 0 1 0 2 7 5 4 3 3 2 1
4
m
2 3 0 3 5 9 2 0 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 0 8 1 1 1 1
x m 0 6 4 1 3 0 1 2 6 3 I . . . . . . . . . . 6
t s u i o x b a A 1
4
5 9 m 0 3 7 5 3 0 5 0 0 7 2 0 7 4 4 2 2 1 1 1
1 m . . . . . . . . . . I 6 2 2 1 4 1 6 2 9 6 5
f n l o i o f 2 0 0 l t A m 0 1 u a 4 F e r c m 4 e 2 1 A S
E d s s D l e e r A i R Y t S G
0 0 0 8 0 1 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 4 6 2 9 1 1
0 0 5 0 0 0 2 9 7 1
a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
y P 5 0 5 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 f M 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 4
l a k s u i c s t m 0 . 7 . 0 . 7 . 7 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 . 7 . t 4 8 4 8 6 4 8 6 4 8 c h e m n A T
S T T A A L L F F
S s r e r t N s a e e p O I M m S N l E n a n k i M o m I i c s i s D t a o h e
m 8 / . 1 . g 8 1 k 1 1
2 8 2 7 3 6 . 4 . 3 . 0 . 4 . 5 . 2 9 7 9 7 5 1
F F F F F F F F F F C C C C C C C C C C
m 0 . 0 . n N T n m 8 5 g x i s h t 0 m e i d w 0 D m 3 W
November 2004
2
7 . 2 . 5 9 1
0 . 0 . 8 5
x 0 5 2
0 . 0 . 0 . 8 6 5 x 0 0 2
0 . 0 . 0 . 8 6 5 x 0 5 1
. ) a P M 0 0 4 = u f
d n a a P M 0 5 3 = y f
m . y m l p 0 . p 6 a > y a t r m o f s e d t i n t i a n , a a u P q M r e 0 d 5 4 . r o = 0 m 0 u f 6 u m d 4 i n S i a Z n a N m r P / o M S A s 0 h t e 0 t a 4 i w t s = l y e l f c a n n m a i d m r d o 0 . c e 6 c k c a t o £ n t i s r e o d b f e t ( t a o 0 l L u n 0 l c 5 a y 3 c a C e m / r s c 0 a i L s l a t 0 i e I 0 t n 4 r i C e p n e o w d r p o a r n h g o s l i s e t c e e z t e i S S S . . . 1 2 3 : S E T O N
COLD FORMED - STRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
49
t 4 n n m 0 a o t i J 3 m 5 s s . r n 4 0 o o 1 T C
0 6 3 1 . 2 . 4 . 8 . 7 7 3 1 1
8 4 . 6
0 7 6 . 3 . 2 1
5 9 2 . 1 . 2 1
5 3 1 7 . 9 . 1 0
1 3 6 0 3 6 0 6 0 6 0 y m 6 3 3 7 3 1 7 3 1 3 1 3 1 r m . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
3
m 8 0 2 1 y 0 0 5 6 m 1 s S 3 6 7 9 i . . . 5 . 3 . x 0 0 1 0 0 0 a 1 y t u 3 o b m 9 0 8 1 y 0 6 4 A Z m 7 7 0 6 3 4 . . . 3 . 2 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 m 1 y m 1 I 6 0 . 0 0 1 0 4
) b ( 1 . 7 E L B A T
S ) E I 0 T R S 0 E 1 P N O O S R I T P T ( N C 0 O I E L T S 0 C 5 E T 3 S A L L C / L U F 0 F ® L D L 0 N A 0 4 A G S A C N E O I R D S U N D A E R M I G D
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S s r e r t N s a e e p O I M m S N l E n a n i M o m k I i c s i s o D t e h a
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50
COLD FORMED - SRUCTURAL HOLLOW SECTIONS & PROFILES ONESTEEL MARKET MILLS
. ) a P M 0 0 4 = u f
d n a a P M 0 5 3 = y f
m . y m l p 0 . p 6 a > y a t r m o f s e d t i n t i a n , a a u P q M r e 0 d 5 4 . r o = 0 m 0 u f 6 u m d 4 i n S i a Z n a N m r P / o M S A s 0 h t e 0 t a 4 i w t s = l y e l f c a n n m a i d m r d o 0 . c e 6 c k c a t o £ t i n s r e o d b f e t ( t a o 0 l L u n 0 l c 5 a y 3 c a C e m / r s c 0 a i L s l a t 0 i e I 0 t n 4 r i C e p n e o w d r o a p h r s g n o s l i t e c e e e i z t S S S . . . 1 2 3
S T A L F
: S E T O N
November 2004
The Family of DuraGal Products
®
DuraGal®
RHS
DuraGal®
A comprehensive range of square and rectangular sections, used in areas such as facades, carports, garages, pallets, sheds, agricultural equipment and many other applications.
DuraGal®
CHS
DuraGal Profiles provide a major improvement in the quality of surface finish and strength enhancement available to our customers - they can now buy Angles, Channels and Flats with a proven, prepared, corrosion resistant surface finish. Used in many applications including, sheds, trusses, car ramps and trailers.
DuraGal®
A range of circular sizes in extra light, wall thicknesses and 26.9 to 76.1 mm outside diameter. This range is primarily used in general fabrication.
DuraGal®
Rail
Silo
DuraGal®
Mezzanine Floor
A high strength, leight weight steel flooring system which can be used to extend the floor area of existing or new buildings. Designed to accomodate heavier loads of 3kPa and 5kPa associated with mezzanine floors, and suitable for office or storage applications.
Flooring System
The DuraGal Flooring System offers significant advantages for difficult or sloping construction sites. This is a light-weight, high-strength steel flooring system which can be easily assembled on site.
DuraGal® Verandah Beam
DuraGal Silo offers an in-line, hot-dip galvanized product to the market. Combined with galvanized sheeting this provides a fully galvanized silo which is lower maintenance and requires no painting.
DuraGal®
Post
DuraGal Post has been designed as a replacement for timber posts. The Post overcomes the timber problems of rotting, warping, splitting, oozing sap, staining, and termites. A bottom adjustment system makes installation simple.
DuraGal Rail is a flat sided oval tube that has the unique DuraGal finish. Developed for the agricultural industry, it has also been used for ballustrading and hand rails.
DuraGal®
Profiles
DuraGal Verandah Beam is part of the building industry product range. It offers an economical alternative to traditional timber beams.
DuraGal®
Plus for Lintels
The revolutionary new DuraGal Plus coating technology applies a heavy Zinc coating to AS/NZS 4791:1999 ILG 300 to meet the requirements of the Building Code of Australia (BCA) Class 1 and 10 buildings, for brick lintels in “Moderate Environments” more than 1km from the coast.