AT&T
Prac tice ti ce
ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13 11/11/13
ATT-002-290-041 A TT-002-290-041 RF Connector and Weatherproofing Guidelines Aud A ud ienc ien c e: State(s):
Vendor/Supplier:
Effective Date: Published :
Issue 7, 11/11/13
Expires On:
NA
Business Unit:
NP&E National RAN
Au th or (s): Ming Ho ATTUID mh8532
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13 11/11/13
Tabl Table e Of Of Contents Con tents INTRODUCTION Reason For Current Issue 1. 2.
3.
4. 5. A. B.
C.
Overview Abou Ab outt This Th is Doc Docum um ent 2.1. Purpose 2.2. Scope 2.3. Au Audi di enc ence e 2.4. Related Documentation 2.5. Ac Acro ro ny ms and Ter ms 2.6. Trademarks 2.7. Contacts Connector Overview 3.1. Conne Connector ctor Ma Mating ting 3.2. Conne Connector ctor Types 3.2.1. 7-16 7-1 6 DIN Connecto r 3.2.2. N Connector 3.2.3. SMA Connector SMB Connector 3.2.4. QMA Connector 3.2.5. 3.2.6. 1.0/2. 1.0 /2.3 3 mm Connecto r 3.2.7. AISG Con nec to r Connector Guidelines Weatherproofing We atherproofing Guidelines Recommended Re commended Torque for Connector Coupli ng Nuts Weatherproofing We atherproofing Me Methods thods B.A. Butyl Tape B.B. Pla Plastic stic Enclosure B.C. Heat Shrinkable Tubing B.D. Self Bonding Tape B.E. Sealant Injection B.F. Cable Entry Boot B.G. 3M Pull N Shrink Tubing IP Ra Ratin tin g System AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies, except under written agreement. ©2013 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. ii
2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 10 11 11 12 15 16 16 17 17 18
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
Revisio n Log
10
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AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies, except under written agreement. ©2013 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. iv
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
Reason For Current Issue Issue Number
Date
Description
Published By
7
11/11/13
clarify DC, fiber, RET cable weatherproofing on remote radios and AA Antennas
sw1707
To view updated content in a document, look for the green 'NEW/UPDATED' indicators. Use the arrows to navigate to the previous or next NEW/UPDATED i ndicators, if they exist. Authors making content changes may choose not to use the indicator for updates, e.g., spelling corrections.
INTRODUCTION This document details the connector types and weatherproofing specifications used on connectors. Document Revision History
Date
Rev
Revision Description
Writer
Sponsor
09/18/2002
1.0
First document for release
Gregory Long
Dave Saska
11/05/2004
2.0
Added weatherproofing options
Gregory Long
Dave Saska
01/22/2008
3.0
Converted to AT&T template
Ming Ho
Adnan Naqvi
Added weatherproofing options 6/27/2008
4.0
Included more connector (1.0/2.3 mm) and weatherproofing information
Ming Ho
Adnan Naqvi
3/10/2010
4.1
Included more plastic enclosure information
Ming Ho
Kaushik Gohel
Ming Ho
Kaushik Gohel
Ming Ho
Kaushik Gohel
Converted from ND-00026 to APEX format 2/3/2011
Updated RET AISG connection weatherproofing requirement Typos corrected.
2/9/2011 Conversion format errors corrected 9/19/2011
Typos corrected.
Ming Ho
Lou Ficarra
2/21/2012
Updated RET weatherproofing methods.
Ming Ho
Choonghor Woon
AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies, except under written agreement. 2013 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. 1
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
Added 3M Tubing. 10/4/2013
Specified weatherproofing for DC, fiber, RET cables for RRHs
7
Scott Whitney
Jeff Townend
RACI This table identifies RACI team members.
Accountable
Responsible
Consulted
Informed
Choonghor Woon
Ming Ho
Ralph Natale
Nico Vlok
Scott Whitney
Tom Aebersold
Effendi Jubilee
Shane Morrison Patrick Ward Tim Regan Valerie Keeney Kok RF HW Task Force
1. Overvi ew This document details the requirements for selection and use of 7-16 DIN coaxial connectors to reduce intermodulation interference. The 7-16 DIN (Deutsche Industrie Normen) will replace the N-Type connector at new site builds, when repairing or upgrading RF coaxial cabl e systems external to the base station cabinet, and are the preferred connector for the BSS vendor to use. In addition, this document provides various methods to weatherproof all outdoor connectors.
2. About This Document This document was created to explain the differences between coaxial cable connectors and weatherproofing techniques.
2.1. Purpose AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies, except under written agreement. 2013 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. 2
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
This document provides a company-wide standard that describes and specifies the use of the 7-16 DIN coaxial connectors. It provides guidelines for reliable and consistent installation of RF connector weatherproofing, where necessary.
2.2. Scope This document describes and specifies requirements for selection of 7-16 DIN coaxial connectors and provides justification for specifying their use. Specific standard provisions and practices may be modified when there is clear justification due to legal, physical, or environmental limitations.
2.3. Audience This document is intended for AT&T Mobility employees, engineers, and contractors that specify, design, install, or inspect coaxial transmission cables for wireless network facilities.
2.4. Related Documentation The following documents are related to this document:
ATT-002-290-140
RF Coaxial Cable Guidelines (formerly ND-00154)
ATT-002-290-150
TMA Guidelines (formerly ND-00170)
ATT-002-290-147
Triplexer Guidelines (formerly NG-00166)
ATT-002-290-356
MCPA/SCPA Guidelines (formerly NG-00152)
ATT-002-290-142
RF Surge Arrestor Guidelines (formerly ND-00157)
ATT-002-290-043
Cable Sweep MOP (formerly ND-00029)
ATT-002-290-106
Antenna Guidelines (formerly ND-00114)
ATT-002-290-125
RET Guidelines (formerly ND-00135)
ATT-002-290-172
RX-AIT Guidelines (formerly ND-00194)
ATT-002-290-316
PIM Measurement MOP (formerly ND-00354)
For AT&T Mobility network guidelines and documents, visit the APEX web site at: http://apex.web.att.com/search/active_docs.jsp
AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies, except under written agreement. 2013 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. 3
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
2.5. Acr onyms and Terms The following acronyms and terms are used in this document:
DIN
Deutsh Industries Norm (Deutsches Institut für Normung)
2.6. Trademarks The trademarks used in this document are the property of their respective owners.
2.7. Contacts For questions or comments about this document's technical content or to request changes to the document, contact: Ming-Ju Ho, 404-499-5582,
[email protected]
3. Connector Overview All RF coax connectors are designed to have low VSWR (typically 1.1:1 or better) and very low insertion loss (<0.05 dB typical) over a very wide bandwidth with a minimum of variations. Its power handling is a function of the diameter of the dielectric, the dielectric material used internally and the frequency size of the center pin.
3.1. Connector Mating There are several methods to mate the connectors:
•
Threaded Mating: Connectors with threaded mating (screw-on types) can be hand-tightened or torqued with a wrench. It is noted that this type of connector must be properly torqued per manufacture's specification. Undertorqued connector is a main contributor of Passive Intermodulation (PIM). Over-torqued connector may be damaged because the coupling nuts of threaded connectors are prone to pull-off. Typical thread mating connectors i nclude 7-16 DIN, N, SMA and TNC.
•
Bayonet Mating: Connectors with bayonet-type mating engage initiall y with a straight push to insert the external studs of the jack into the lands inside the plug coupling nut. The coupling nut is then rotated to seat the studs into AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies, except under written agreement. 2013 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. 4
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
a retaining relief in the bottom of the lands. Bayonet mating is quick and convenient and is frequently used where numerous quick connect/disconnect insertions are required. Typical bayonet mating connector is BNC. •
Push-on Mating: Connectors that mate with a straight push and unmate with a straight pull such as QMA, MMCX, SMB and 1.0/2.3 mm connectors.
3.2. Connector Types
3.2.1. 7-16 DIN Connector Majority of our RF equipment whose primary RF connectors are 7-16 DIN connectors that are specified by Deutsh Industries Norm (DIN) 47 223. 7-16 DIN is a high-frequency coaxial connector with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohm. '7-16' represents a nominal value of 16mm at the interface for the internal diameter of the external conductor, and a nominal value of 7mm for the external diameter of the internal conductor to achieve 50 ohm. The larger interface size of the 7-16 DIN offers mechanical and electrical performance advantages than the type N connector in a longer service life, lower contact resistance, and improved PIM performance.
•
• •
The coupling mechanism of the 7-16 DIN interface provides higher contact pressure. The coupling nut torque is about 10 times greater than the type N. This provides about three times greater contact pressure at the outer body connection. A special contact zone is provided at the tip of the inner contact, which ensures a reliable 360-degree contact. Mating of the 7-16 DIN is easier and more reliable and, once mated, it has greater resistance to environmental and structural forces.
7-16 DIN connector can achieve the PIM performance better than -155dBc. To ensure that a coaxial cable system has the lowest level of PIM, a cable with solid outer and inner connectors is required. The following list of criteria will be used in selecting 7-16 DIN connectors for use in AT&T Mobility networks:
•
Silver plated contacts with a copper strike under plating between the silver and copper alloy materials, or equi valent, such as Huber-Suhner sucoplate.
•
Connectors will comply with the following industry standards:
°
DIN 47223, Mating Interface
°
IEC 169-4, Connector Interface Pin Depth AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies, except under written agreement. 2013 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. 5
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
°
MIL-C-39012, Coaxial Connector Crimp and Solder Types
°
MIL STD 348, Connector Interface Dimensional Requirements Designed for use with coaxial cable.
•
Machined connector body and parts.
•
For female 7-16 DIN connector, 'long neck' is necessary for ease of weatherproofing. The desired length from the flange to the top of the connector is more than 1.0'.
3.2.2. N Connector N connectors are one of the oldest high performance coax connectors that were developed in the 1940's to satisfy the need for a durable, weatherproof, medium-size RF connector with consistent performance through 11 GHz. Their primary applications are the termination of medium to miniature size coaxial cable. N connectors are popular on test equipment RF ports and also are used in some filter and RX-AIT tray (input port).
3.2.3. SMA Connector SMA connectors became available in the mid 1960's. They are primarily designed for semi-rigid small diameter metal jacketed cable. They are quite small and have extended frequency range rated for mode-free operation from DC to 18 GHz. Like 7-16 DIN connector, the nut should be properly torqued with a wrench. It is very important that the remainder of the connector does not rotate, otherwise premature wear of the connector will result. When properly handled, a SMA connector should remain within specified performance through several hundred of mating cycles. SMA connectors can be found in some Bias-T unit DC-coupling port.
3.2.4. SMB Connector The SMB is a smaller version of the SMA with snap-on coupling. They support frequency range from DC to 4 GHz. It utilizes die cast components on non-critical areas to provide a low-cost solution. SMB connectors can be found in some Bias-T unit DC-coupling port.
3.2.5. QMA Connector The QMA connector is a quick disconnect version of the SMA connector to allow for faster mating and de-mating and eliminate the need for a torque wrench. It shares the same internal construction and characteristics. The interface mates with a snap-on instead of a threaded coupli ng to support denser packaging. The connectors allow for 360° rotation after they are mated which greatly improves the flexibi lity of installations. QMA connectors are used in the RX-AIT tray or some output ports of the Node B filter units.
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3.2.6. 1.0/2.3 mm Connector The 1.0/2.3 series is a European design introduced in the 1990s and is based on push-pull coupling. Like QMA connector, the compact design of the 1.0/2.3 permits dense connector packing. Push-pull coupling with patented locking mechanism allows quick installation; wil l not disconnect during trouble shooting like competitor's products. The 1.0/2.3 inserts are suitable for applications up to 4 GHz. 1.0/2.3 connector can be found in some Node B filter unit.
3.2.7. AISG Connector Antenna Interface Standards Group (AISG) connector is not a RF connector. It is typically used in the RET system components such as controller unit to actuator. It carries the RS-485 communication signal and DC power. For more details please refer to ATT-002-290-125 RET Guidelines. It is noted that AISG connector should be 'hand tighten' only.
4. Connector Guidelines
• •
•
7-16 DIN connectors sho uld b e used for primary RF connection. All thr eaded mat in g RF co nn ect or s mus t be pr op erl y tor qu ed wit h a wr enc h per manuf act ur e's sp eci fi cat io n. Typical t hread matin g co nnecto rs i ncl ude 7-16 DIN, N, SMA and TNC. Select right gender of co nnector to avoid u sing adapter as much as possible.
•
AISG co nn ect or sh ou ld be ' han d t ig ht en' on ly .
•
All o ut do or RF conn ect io n m us t b e weather pr oo fed per rec om men dat io ns li st ed i n Secti on 5 of th is document.
•
All u nu sed co nn ect or po rt s m us t b e pr op erl y h and led .
°
For relatively high-Q devices such as d uplexers, unused ports must be terminated with a 50 Ohm load.
°
Connector cover or cap can be used for the follo wing devices to keep the connector cl ean. A cover with gasket is recommended.
♦
Unused ports o f relatively low-Q devices such as diplexers
♦
Unused antenna ports AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies, except under written agreement. 2013 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. 7
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♦
Unused AISG ports (if daisy-chain is no t needed)
♦
Unused RX-AIT tray port s
5. Weatherproo fin g Guidelin es
•
AL L out do or RF and DC conn ect or s/c on nec ti on s used i n th e AT&T Mob il it y netw or k mus t be weath erp ro ofed after it has been installed and t he final conn ection made.
°
•
All primary RF connections including from feeder to jumper cable or jumper cable to RF components such as antenna, TMA, diplexer, Bias-T, surge arrestor etc. Typically they are 7-16 DIN connection. Tighten all connection with proper torque to ensure that correct internal seals and surface contacts are made.
°
DC connections such as at Bias-T (SMA, SMB or other) should be weatherproofed if placed outdoor.
°
Cable grounding.
°
Ground lug of RF ancillary equipment typically is not a through hole. Weatherproofing is not required.
°
Some connectors like 7-16 DIN have o-rings internal to the connector that serve as weather barriers. However, the corrugated outer conductor shield of the semi-rigid coax has imperfections that may corrode on contact with water vapor and compromise the effectiveness of the o-rings.
°
Cable/jumper boot or entry panel should be installed at the entry points to the outdoor cabinet or into the shelter to prevent moisture and support cables.
°
'Drip loop' must be formed to prevent the water migration to the equipment.
°
Make sure the area to be w eatherproofed is clean and dry.
AISG RET con nec ti on s ar e weat her pr oo fed if pr op erl y c on nec ted . Addi ti on al w eath erp ro of in g m ay b e needed per vendor recommendation and/or market’s own requirement.
°
The AISG cable should be ordered from RET vendor directly to ensure proper mating of AISG connections.
°
AISG connection should be hand-tighten only (0.36 - 0.73 lb/ft.) but full thread engagement is necessary to ensure proper compression of the o-ring seal.
°
Extra weatherproofing (like heatshrink, self-bonding tape) is OK for Kathrein and Powerwave, however, Andrew is adamant about no extra weatherproofing. AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies, except under written agreement. 2013 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. 8
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
•
Use Self Amalg amating t ape on DC, Fiber and RET cables c onn ection s at th e Remote Radio Head (RRH) and Air Antenna (AA).
°
DC Connection: Start applying the self-amalgamating (self-fusing) tape approximately 50 mm below the lower edge of each connector. Overlap each turn by 50%. Proceed all the way up to the edge of the RRUS.
Apply two, half-overlapped, slightly-stretched layers of insulating tape. For each layer, start 30 mm below the lower end of the self-amalgamating (self-fusing) tape and proceed all the way up to the edge of the RRUS.
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
Revisio n Log Issue Number
Date
Description
Published By
7
11/11/13
clarify DC, fiber, RET cable weatherproofing on remote radios and AA Antennas
sw1707
6
11/08/12
Updated Appendixes including IP rating definition.
mh8532
Added 3M Slim Lock enclosure.
5
Updated RET weatherproofing methods.
02/21/12
mh8532
Added 3M Tubing
4
02/09/11
Typos corrected.
mh8532
3
02/03/11
Updated RET AISG connection weatherproofing requirement
mh8532
2
07/14/10
Document Clean-Up.
sd0987
A. Recommended Torque fo r Connector Coupling Nuts The following table can be used as a reference if the manufacture's recommendation is not available.
Connector Type
Material
Recommended Torque (in-lbs)[2]
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
7-16 DIN
Brass
221-265
N
Stainless steel
15
SMA
Brass
5
TNC
Brass
5
AISG
8-pin screw coupling connector
Hand-tighten
B. Weatherproofing Methods
B.A. Butyl Tape Butyl tape has been, and still continues to be, the l ong standing method of weatherproofing outdoor connectors. Using butyl tape is an inexpensive method of weatherproofing, provided the installation time is kept short to minimize labor costs. However, this method is highly dependent on the installer's quali ty of workmanship, but can result in a smooth, compact weatherproof wrap.
Figure 1 Andrew weatherproofing kit.
Installation
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
•
Butyl tape weatherproofing must follow manufacturer's installation instructions with the following modification to the first tape pass to provide a courtesy wrap to avoid the permanently adhering to the coax connector.
•
Start tape approximately 5 inches from the connector and wrap 2 inches toward the connector, then reverse the tape a half turn or so that the sticky side is up. Continue w rapping the tape over the connector until 3 inches beyond the connector and reverse the tape a half turn again or so that the sticky side is down for another 2 inches.
•
When applied, the tape must be above 32°F (0°C) to ensure adhesion.
•
Do not stretch the tape and do not pull the tape to tear it - always cut it. Pull ed tape eventually unravels, decreasing protection.
•
Tightly wrap the rubber tape with 2 layers of vinyl insulating tape.
B.B. Plastic Enclosure In the interest of time and uniform installation quality, plastic enclosures or clamshells are recommended to be placed over the connection after mating the connectors. This removes the need to use any other w eatherproofing method and reduces the time required to weatherproof the site outdoor connectors. The plastic enclosure can be reentered and resealed several times. ATT-002-290-370 DNB Operation Guideli nes recommend enclosure-type RF weatherproofing for Remote Radio Head to support easy removal/installation when troubleshooting or sweep is required. Antenna Integrated Radio (AIR) Antennas should use plastic enclosures on the non-integrated radio DIN RF connectors
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
•
123 eWireless EasySeal
Figure 2(a) 123eWireless weatherproofing enclosure.
•
Andrew WeatherShield TM
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
Figure 2(b) Andrew weatherproofing enclosure.
•
RFS WSHIELD
Figure 2(c) RFS weatherproofing enclosure.
•
3M Slim Lock Closure
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
Figure 2(d) 3M weatherproofing enclosure.
B.C. Heat Shrin kable Tubin g In locations that don't allow the use of any other weather-proofing method, such as on antennas or other RF components with connectors too close together, an adhesive lined, UV rated heat shrinkable tubing may be used. This tubing will be used on a maximum of ½” RF coax connectors and on antenna and RF components where the connectors are closer than 3”, center to center. Heat shrink is n ot allowed to be used on main feed line connections. The heat shrink must extend past the back-nut of the connector and the heat shrink must extend up against the module (TMAs, Antennas and Diplexers). Installation
•
Installation of the shrink tubing with butt against RF component body and extend a minimum of 2” along the coax from the end of the connector body. When using heat shrinkable tubing, only one heat shrink tube will be used for each connector or connection.
•
The heat shrink must be fully installed with no air pockets of jagged edges
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
Figure 3 Heat shrink tubing.
B.D. Self Bon din g Tape Self bonding/amalgamating tape or miracle tape is a silicone weather seal/tape fuses to itself in 24 hours after installation creating an air and watertight bond. It is an alternative to traditional butyl rubber sealant tapes.
Figure 4(a) RFS CELL TAPE (C-TAPE).
Figure 4(b) 123eWirelss Easy WrapSelf Amalgamating Tape
B.E. Sealant Injection The sealant injection weatherproofing method creates a quick and secure seal between the black nut, jacket/outer conductor. Sealant is typically soft, inert sili cone grease with excellent dielectric properties. It provides an excellent dielectric coating which excludes moisture and prevents high voltage arcing.
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Figure 5 Eupen SIL-744 sealant.
B.F. Cable Entr y Boot
Figure 6 Andrew cable entry boot.
[1] Low power termination such as 2 Watts should be sufficient. It is noted that the termination should be removed before performing any high power transmit test such as PIM (Passive InterModulation) test. [2] To convert to ft-lbs, the value of in-lbs is divided by 12. To convert to N-m, the value of in-lbs multiplies 0.113.
B.G. 3M Pull N Shri nk Tubing 3M™ Pull ‘N' Shrink Tubing provides mechanical and environmental protection of coaxial and copper cable connectors used in aerial, buried or underground plant. The long (L) versions are designed for splice connector protection on jacketed or armored cable. The short (S) versions are designed for use with splice connections to taps, amplifiers and splitters. AT&T Proprietary (Internal Use Only) Not for use or disclosure outside the AT&T companies, except under written agreement. 2013 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. 17
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ATT-002-290-041 Issue 7, 11/11/13
Figure 7 3M Pull N Tubing.
C. IP Rating System IP stands for Ingress Protection. The rating’s first number indi cates the ingress protection against solid/dust object• The second number relates to the ingress protection against water.
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Figure 15: IP Rating Table.
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