Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards Outokumpu Stainless
Stainless Steel Standards
Outokumpu is one of the world’s leading stainless steel producers. The Group combines cost-efficient production with a global sales and distribution distribution network and offers customers one of the broadest product ranges on the market. Outokumpu Stainless focus is exclusively on stainless steel and the company strive for product development in close cooperation with customers. The vision is to become in stainless”. Outokumpu Stainless is since January 2004 the new name of AvestaPolarit, formed in 2001 by the merger between Avesta Sheffield and Outokumpu steel and is today an integral part of the Outokumpu metals and technology group.
National standards within Europe are now being superseded by EN, and the global stainless steel market will be based on EN, ASTM and JIS standards. Outokumpu Stainless supports further harmonisation of data and document structures within ISO to improve quality and efficiency of technical communication and facilitate growth of the total stainless steel market. Harmonised standards and new designations are gradually being implemented in our systems. This overview is a guideline. It will be updated continuously.
Technical support is provided by: • Sales companies and production units • Avesta Research Centre, Applications department Tel: +46 (0)226 810 00; Fax: +46 (0)226 810 77 • www.outokumpu.com/stainless
Data The data in this publication are from the latest EN and ASTM standards or drafts. They are complemented complemented with Outokumpu typical values, generally for hot r olled plate, 10–20 mm, transverse direction and a standard test method. Materials data for other products forms and fabricated conditions are available in separate brochures.
Information about standards is provided by: • Avesta Research Centre, Applications department Tel: +46 (0)226 810 00; Fax: +46 (0)226 810 77 • Standards, Coil Products Shefeld Tel: +44 (0)114 261 4446; Fax: +44 (0)114 261 4759 • Outokumpu Stainless Inc., Schaumburg, USA Tel: +1 847 517 4050; Fax: +1 847 517 2950
Contents Steel grades, grades, chemical chemical composition, composition, products . . . . . . . . . Traditional steel designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mechanical properties, properties, RT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mechanical Mechanical properties properties,, HT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mechanical properties, properties, LT; Design codes. codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schaeffler Schaeffler diagra diagram m and microstruct microstructures ures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physical properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabrication and applications characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . Ordering and classification classification principles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stainless steel material standards. standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Product Product properties properties,, test methods; methods; Acronyms Acronyms . . . . . . . . . .
Stainless Steel Products from Outokumpu Stainless Product
Semi-nished products Hot rolled plate (Quarto) Hot rolled strip/sheet (CPP) Cold rolled strip/sheet Cold rolled narrow strip Bar Rod Tube and pipe
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Table 1
Code
Production unit or subsidiary
P H C
Melting shops in Tornio, Shefeld, Avesta Degerfors, New Castle Tornio Works, Avesta Works/Steckel and supplyig units Tornio Works, Avesta Works, Coil Products Shefeld, Coil Products Nyby, Coil Products Kloster
N B R
Fittings and anges Welding consumables & Pickling products Manufactured products
Shefeld Special Strip (Stocksbridge, Meadowhall) Outokumpu Stainless Bar (Richburg) Fagersta Stainless (Fagersta), Alloy Steel Rods (Shefeld) AvestaPolarit Stainless Tube (Fagersta, Torshälla, Storfors), Calamo Nords (Molkom), Finnpipe (Sorsakoski), Outokumpu Stainless Pipe (Wildwood), JARO (Jakobstad), Stelco Hardy (Treorchy) AvestaPolarit ABE (Örnsköldsvik), Calamo Nords (Molkom), Finnbend (Sorsakoski), Hertecant (Westerlo) AvestaPolarit Welding (Avesta, Jakarta, Malmö) Outokumpu Prefab (Avesta), Outokumpu Press Plate (Avesta), ÖMV (Örnsköldsvik),
stainless | copper | technology
2
Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards
Steel Grades, Chemical Composition, Products International steel desination EN ASTM JIS
Outokumpu steel name
Chemical composition, minimum values by EN, % Cmax N Cr Ni Mo Others
Products
1.4418 1.4162 1.4362 1.4462 1.4501 1.4410
430 S43035 S42010 420 – – S32101 S32304 S32205 S32760 S32750
SUS 430 SUS 430LX SUS 420J1 SUS 420J2 – – – – – – –
4016 4510 4021 4028 4313 248 SV LDX 2101 ® SAF 2304 ® 2205 4501 SAF 2507 ®
301 301LN 201 304 304L 304LN 321 303 305 304L S30430
SUS 301 SUS 301L SUS 201 SUS 304 SUS 304L SUS 304LN SUS 321 SUS 303 SUS 305J1 SUS 304L SUS XM7
4310 4318 4372 4301 4307 4311 4541 4305 4303 4306 4567
1.4401 1.4404 1.4436 1.4432 1.4406 1.4429 1.4571 1.4435 1.4438 1.4439 1.4466
316 316L 316 316L 316LN S31653 316Ti 316L 317L S31726 S310050
SUS 316 SUS 316L SUS 316 SUS 316L SUS 316LN SUS 316LN SUS 316Ti SUS 316L SUS 317L – –
4401 4404 4436 4432 4406 4429 4571 4435 4438 4439 725LN
1.4539 1.4529 1.4547 1.4565 1.4652 1.4713 1.4724 1.4742 1.4762 1.4948 1.48781) 1.4818 1.48331) 1.4828 1.4835 1.48451) 1.4841 1.4854
N08904 N08926 S31254 S34565 S32654 – – – – 304H 321H S30415 309S1) – S30815 310S1) 314 S35315
– – – – – – – – – SUS 304 SUS 321 – SUH 309 – – SUH 310 – –
904L 4529 254 SMO ® 4565 654 SMO ® 4713 4724 4742 4762 4948 4878 153 MA TM 4833 4828 253 MA ® 4845 4841 353 MA ®
– – – – 0.02 0.02 0.20 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.24 – 0.10 0.05 – – 0.12 – – – – – – – – – 0.12 0.12 – – – 0.12 0.10 – 0.15 0.18 0.30 0.45
16 16 12 12 12 15 21 22 21 24 24 16 16.5 16 17.5 17.5 17.5 17 17 17 18 17 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.5 17 17.5 16.5 24 19 19 19.5 24 23
– – – – – – – – 3.5 0.3 4 0.8 1.35 0.1 3.5 0.1 4.5 2.5 6.0 3.0 6 3 6 – 6 – 3.5 – 8 – 8 – 8.5 – 9 – 8 – 11 – 10 – 8.5 – 10 2 10 2 10.5 2.5 10.5 2.5 10 2 11 2.5 10.5 2 12.5 2.5 13 3 12.5 4 21 2 24 4 24 6 17.5 6 16 4 21 7
– Ti – – – – 4Mn – – 0.5W – – – 5.5Mn – – – Ti S – – 3Cu – – – – – – Ti – – – – 1.2Cu 0.5Cu 0.5Cu 5Mn 2Mn, Cu
NBR R HNBR NR P PBR On request PHC PHCBR P PC
1.4310 1.4318 1.4372 1.4301 1.4307 1.4311 1.4541 1.4305 1.4303 1.4306 1.4567
0.08 0.05 0.25 0.35 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.15 0.03 0.15 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
– – – –
6.0 12 17 23
– – – –
– – – –
0.5Al 0.7Al 0.7Al 1.2Al
0.08 0.10 0.08 0.15 0.20 0.12 0.10 0.02 0.08
– – 0.12 – – 0.12 – – 0.12
17 17 18 22 19 20 24 24 24
8 9 9 12 11 10 19 19 34
– – – – – – – – –
– Ti 1.0Si, Ce – 1.5Si 1.4Si, Ce – – 1.2Si, Ce
c i t i 1.4016 r r e F 1.4510 . 1.4021 t r 1.4028 a M 1.4313 x e l p u D E C I V R E S L A R E N E G D N A N O I S O R c R i i O t C n e T t E s u W A
t i r r e F
P E E R C D N A i c T t i A n E t e H s u A
Table 2
HCNBR PC HCNR PHCNBR PHCNBR PHCNBR PHCNBR BR HCNBR PHCNBR BR PHCNBR PHCNBR PHCNBR PHCNBR PHCNBR P PHCNBR PHCNBR PHCNBR PHC P PHCNBR P PHCNBR P On Request P P P P PHCBR PHCNBR PCNBR PHCNBR PCNBR PHCNBR PHCNBR P P
* 724L is a modified version of 4435 for U rea applications
The grades listed represent the Outokumpu Stainless steel programme. Other grades are also available. The Outokumpu steel names are generic and cover corresponding steel numbers/names, which may not have the same chemical composition limits. Outokumpu Stainless sells in accordance with steel
numbers/names in national and international standards required by customers and these are met in full. EN steel numbers are listed in: Stahl Eisen Liste – Ed 10, 1999. ASTM/ASME steel numbers are listed in: Metals & Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS) – Ed. 9, 2001.
Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards
Traditional Steel Designations
3
Table 3
Outokumpu steel name
National designations, superseded by EN BS DIN NF
SS
Former steel names Avesta Sheffield
4016 4510 4021 4028 4313 248 SV LDX 2101® SAF 2304® 2205 4501 SAF 2507®
430S17 – 420S29 420S45 – – – – 318S13 – –
1.4016 1.4510 1.4021 1.4028 – 1.4418 – 1.4362 1.4462 – –
Z8 C17 Z4 CT17 Z20 C13 Z33 C13 – Z6 CND 16-05-01 – Z3 CN 23-04 Az Z3 CND 22-05 Az – Z3 CND 25-06 Az
2320 – 2303 2304 – 2387 – 2327 2377 – 2328
4310 4318 4372 4301* 4307* 4311* 4541 4305 4303 4306* 4567
301S21 – – 304S31 304S11 304S61 321S31 303S31 305S19 304S11 –
1.4310 – – 1.4301 – 1.4311 1.4541 1.4305 1.4303 1.4306 1.4567
Z11 CN 18-08 Z3 CN 18-07 Az Z12 CMN 17-07 Az Z7 CN 18-09 Z3 CN 18–10 Z3 CN 18-10 Az Z6 CNT 18-10 Z8 CNF 18-09 Z1 CN 18-12 Z3 CN 18-10 Z3 CNU 18-09 FF
2331 – – 2333 2352 2371 2337 2346 – 2352 –
17-7 17-7LN 17-5Mn 18-8 18-8L 18-8LN 18-10Ti 18-8S 18-12 19-11L 18-8Cu
4401* 4404* 4436* 4432* 4406* 4429* 4571 4435* 4438 4439 725LN
316S31 316S11 316S33 316S13 316S61 316S63 320S31 316S13 317S12 – –
1.4401 1.4404 1.4436 1.4435 1.4406 1.4429 1.4571 1.4435 1.4438 1.4439 1.4466
Z7 CND 17-11-02 Z3 CND 17-11-02 Z7 CND 18-12-03 Z3 CND 18-14-03 Z3 CND 17-11 Az Z3 CND 17-12 Az Z6 CNDT 17-12 Z3 CND 18-14-03 Z3 CND 19-15-04 Z3 CND 18-14-05 Az Z2 CND 25.22 Az
2347 2348 2343 2353 – 2375 2350 2353 2367 – –
17-10-2 17-10-2L 17-12-2.5 17-12-2.5L 17-10-2LN 17-12-2.5LN 17-11-2Ti 17-14-2.5L 18-14-3L 17-14-4LN 725LN
755 750 757 752 751
904L 4529 254 SMO® 4565 654 SMO® 4713 4724 4742 4762 4948 4878 153 MATM 4833 4828 253 MA® 4845 4841 353 MA®
904S13 – – – – – – – – 304S51 321S51 – 309S16 – – 310S16 – –
1.4539 1.4529 – 1.4565 – 1.4713 1.4724 1.4742 1.4762 1.4948 1.4878 – 1.4833 1.4828 – 1.4845 1.4841 –
Z2 NCDU 25-20 – – – – – – – Z12 CAS 25 Z6 CN 18-09 Z6 CNT 18-10 – Z15 CN 24-13 Z17 CNS 20-12 – Z8 CN 25-20 Z15 CNS 25-20 –
2562 – 2378 – – – – –
904L
774
2333 2337 2372 – – 2368 2361 – –
18-8 18-10Ti 153 MATM 23-13 20-12Si 253 MA® 25-20
430 439 420L 420M 248 SV SAF 2304 ® 2205 SAF 2507 ® 710 711 725 720 721 731 735 720
761 752 770 772
254 SMO® 654 SMO®
353 MA®
Available in compositions optimised for forming operations.
*
1) Additional creep resisting grades are: 1.4941, 1.4950, 1.4951
SAF 2304 and SAF 2507 are trademarks owned by SANDVIK AB.
Outokumpu Steel
PRODUCT CODES P = Hot rolled plate (Quarto) H = Hot rolled strip/sheet (CPP) C = Cold rolled strip/sheet B = Bar N = Cold rolled narrow strip R = Rod
731 744
4
Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards
Mechanical Properties, Room Temperature Outokumpu steel name
Table 4
Outokumpu typical values Rp0.2 Rp1.0 Rm MPa MPa MPa
A5 %
No.
1.4016 1.4510 1.4021 1.4028 1.4313 1.4418 1.4162 1.4362 1.4462 1.4501 1.4410 1.4310 1.4318 1.4372 1.4301 1.4307 1.4311 1.4541 1.4303 1.4306 1.4401 1.4404 1.4436 1.4432 1.4406 1.4429 1.4571 1.4435 1.4438 1.4439 1.4466 1.4539 1.4529 1.4547 1.4565 1.4652 1.4713 1.4724 1.4742 1.4762 1.4948 1.4878 1.4818 1.4833 1.4828 1.4835 1.4845
250 350 350 210 200 270 200 220 200 220 220 220 220 280 280 220 220 220 270 250 220 300 300 420 430 220 250 270 280 190 190 290 210 230 310 210
280 380 380 250 240 310 240 250 240 260 260 260 260 320 320 260 260 260 310 290 260 340 340 460 470
1.4854
300
4016 4510 4021 4028 4313 248 SV LDX 2101® SAF 2304® 2205 4501 SAF 2507®
C C P P P P P P P P P
380 310
520 450
25 30
730 480 450 510 507 590
930 700 670 750 805 830
20 38 40 35 35 35
4310 4318 4372 4301 4307 4311 4541 4303 4306 4401 4404 4436 4432 4406 4429 4571 4435 4438 4439 725LN 904L 4529 254 SMO® 4565 654 SMO® 4713 4724 4742 4762 4948 4878 153 MATM 4833 4828 253 MA® 4845 4841 353 MA®
C C C P P P P N P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P C P P P H
300
800
50
390 290 280 320 250 250 280 280 280 300 280 320 350 270 270 300 310 290 260 360 340 440 450 320 340 375 405 290 250 340 300 270 370 270 275 360
330 420 330 320 360 290 280 320 320 320 340 320 360 390 310 310 340 350 320 300 430 380 480 500 350 370 405 440 330 290 380 340 310 410 310 315 400
720 600 580 640 570 570 580 570 570 590 570 620 670 570 570 610 640 630 600 750 680 825 830 475 515 535 555 600 570 660 620 610 700 600 595 720
45 55 55 55 55 50 55 55 55 50 50 50 45 50 55 50 50 55 50 55 50 55 60 30 30 25 30 55 55 55 50 55 50 50 55 50
EN, min. values Rp0.2 Rp1.0 MPa MPa
Outokumpu Stainless’ typical values apply for the product listed. Cold and hot rolled strip values are generally higher than plate and bar. EN/ASTM values: For hot rolled plate, transverse direction, from EN 10088, EN 10095, EN 10028-7, ASTM A240 and ASME Code Cases.
Rm MPa
A5 %
260 230 450 600 630 660
450 420 650 800 780 840
20 23 12 10 15 14
70 55
400 460 530 530
630 640 730 730
25 25 25 20
60 60 60 60
40 40 45 45 45 40 40 45 45 45 45 40 45 40 40 40 45 40 40 40 35 40 40 30 40
230 230 330 250 270 350 250
600 650 750 520 500 550 500 500 500 520 520 530 520 580 580 520 520 520 580 540 520 650 650 800 750 420 450 500 520 510 500 600 500 550 650 500
340
650
40
45 40 40 35 30 40 35
KV J
60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 90 60
60
ASTM, min. values No. Rp0.2 MPa
Rm MPa
A2’’ %
S43000 S43035 S42010 S42000
205 205
450 415
22 22
S32101 S32304 S32205
450 400 450
650 600 655
30 25 25
S32750
550
795
15
S30100 S30153 S20100 S30400 S30403 S30453 S32100 S30500 S30403 S31600 S31603 S31600 S31603 S31653 S31653 S31635 S31603 S31703 S31726
205 240 310 205 170 205 205 205 170 205 170 205 170 205 205 205 170 205 240
515 550 655 515 485 515 515 515 485 515 485 515 485 515 515 515 485 515 550
40 45 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
N08904 N08926 S31254 S34565 S32654
215 295 310 415 430
490 650 655 795 750
35 35 35 35 40
S30409 S32109 S30415 S30908
205 205 290 205
515 515 600 515
40 40 40 40
S30815 S31008
310 205
600 515
40 40
S35315
270
650
40
40 40 40 40 40
EN min. values for cold rolled strip are 10 – 20 MPa higher. Hot rolled strip may on request be certified to the higher level. Conversion from EN to ASTM, ASME: 1 MPa = 0.1450 ksi 1 J = 0.7376 ft·lbf °C = 5/9 x (°F – 32) °F = 9/5 °C + 32
Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards
Mechanical Properties, High Temperatures Outokumpu steel name
*
RT
153
130
123
620
350
350
350
330 360 450 210 265 295 157 147 205 176 155 147 177 166 177 166 211 211 185 165 172 225
280 315 400 190 185 230 127 118 157 157 127 118 147 137 147 137 167 167 167 137 147 185
263 267 304
220 240 300
187 210 267
217
177
153
98 89 125 125 98 89 115 108 115 108 135 135 135 108 115 150
173 167 183 167
150 137 163 147
131 120 143 130
167 173 173 177 173 193 193 173 173 173 193
137 150 143 153 143 173 173 147 140 143 173
120 133 130 140 130 153 153 131 127 130 153
205 230 230 350 350
175 190 190 270 315
125 160 160 210 295
173 217 217
157 183 205
137 173 187
No.
RT
100
200
400°C
4016 4510 4021 4028 248 SV LDX 2101® SAF 2304® 2205 SAF 2507® 4310 4318 4372 4301 4307 4311 4541 4303 4306 4401 4404 4436 4432 4406 4429 4571 4435 4438 4439
1.4016 1.4510 1.4021 1.4028 1.4418 1.4162 1.4362 1.4462 1.4410 1.4310 1.4318 1.4372 1.4301 1.4307 1.4311 1.4541 1.4303 1.4306 1.4401 1.4404 1.4436 1.4432 1.4406 1.4429 1.4571 1.4435 1.4438 1.4439
260 230
220 195
210 185
190
680
660
400 460 530 250 350 350 210 200 270 200 220 200 220 220 220 220 280 280 220 220 220 270
904L 4529 254 SMO® 4565 654 SMO®
1.4539 1.4529 1.4547 1.4565 1.4652
220 300 300 420 430
Steel name
EN Rp1.0 /100 000h, MPa No. 600 700
4948 4878 153 MATM 4833 4828 253 MA® 4845 353 MA®
1.4948* 1.4878 1.4818 1.4833 1.4828 1.4835 1.4845 1.4854
74 80
Table 5
Max. design stress for pressure equipment σ, MPa EN ASME VIII-1 100 200 400°C No. RT 100
EN – min. Rp0.2 MPa
800
900°C
22 26
9
3
80
26
11
6
52
21
10
5
EN Rm /100 000h, MPa 600 700 800
89 65 88 65 65 88 80 80
28 22 35 16 16 35 18 36
5
104 125
113 113 125
158
900°C
10 14 7 7 15 7 18
5 3 3 8 3 9
200
400°C
S43000 S43035 S42010 S42000
128 118
126 118
120 118
S32304 S31803 S32750 S30100 S30153 S20100 S30400 S30403 S30453 S32100 S30500 S30403 S31600 S31603 S31600 S31603 S31653 S31653 S31635 S31603 S31703 S31726
172 177 228
164 176 226
150 165 208
138 115 138 138 138 115 138 115 138 115 138 186 138 115 138 157
137 115 137 137 137 115 138 115 138 115 138 157 138 115 138 157
127 109 127 129 127 109 133 109 133 109 131 131 131 109 131 155
140
114
95
185
184
168
156
214
214
199
178
N08904 N08926 S31254 S34565 S32654
ASME max. design stress σ, MPa No. 600 700 800
S30409* S32109* S30415 S30909*
64 59
27 23
11 9
49
16
6
S30815* S31009* S35315
59 49
22 16
10 6
108 107
107 92 107 119 107 92 111 91 111 91 105 104 105 91 109
900°C
Creep resisting grades for pressure purposes listed in EN 10028-7 and ASME IID.
EN/ASME values: For hot rolled plate from EN 10028-7, EN 10088, EN 10095, ASME IID and Code Cases. EN data for 4510 from cold rolled strip. Outokumpu Stainless offers multi-certification of the grades 4307/4301 and 4404/4401.
Steel type Ferritic, Mart.
EN RmRT /2.4
Rp0.2T /1.5
Rp0.2RT /1.5
Rp0.2T /1.5
RmRT /3.5
RmT /3.5
(A > 30%) Rp1.0T /1.5
Rp0.2RT /1.5
Rp0.2T /1.1
(A > 35%) Rp1.0T /1.2
RmRT /3.5
RmT /3.5
Duplex Austenitic
ASME VIII-1
RmT /3
ASME VIII-2 allows R m factor 3.
5
6
Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards
Mechanical Properties, Low Temperatures EN min. values, MPa and %
Outokumpu steel name
4307 4301 4311 4541
Table 6
–196°C
–80°C
RT
No.
Rp0.2
Rp1.0
Rm
A5
Rp0.2
Rp1.0
Rm
A5
Rp0.2
Rp1.0
Rm
A5
1.4307 1.4301 1.4311 1.4541
300 300 550 200
400 400 650 240
1200 1250 1250 1200
30 30 35 30
220 270 350 200
290 350 420 240
830 860 850 855
35 35 40 35
200 210 270 200
240 250 310 240
500 520 550 500
45 45 40 40
From EN 10028-7 Annex F.
Common Design Codes for Stainless Steel EN 13445 EN 13480 EN 13458-2C EN 12285-C ADR RID IMDG UN ST/SG/AC.10/1 ENV 1993-1.4 ENV 1090-6 ASME VIII-1 AD CODAP BS 5500 TKS KSA
Table 7
Unfired pressure vessels Metallic industrial piping Cryogenic vessels. Annex C Pressure strengthening of vessels from austenitic stainless steel Tanks for underground storage. Annex C Positive liquid-list of material/liquid combinations International carriage of dangerous goods by road (Accord européen... Dangereuses par Route) International carriage of dangerous goods by rail (Règlement... International... Dangereuses) International Maritime Dangerous Goods code Recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods (United Nations) Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Supplementary rules for stainless steel Execution of steel structures – Supplementary rules for stainless steel American boiler and pressure vessel code Arbeitsgemeinschaft Druckbehälter Regelwerk Code Français de construction des Appareils à Pression Unfired fusion welded pressure vessels Swedish Cold-stretching Directions (1991) for austenitic stainless steel pressure vessels
Microstructures Austenite
Good to excellent corrosion resistance combined with very good weldability and formability characterize the austenitic stainless steels. The austenitic structure has good creep resistance and good oxidations resistance that makes them useful in elevated temperatures. Austenitic steel can also be used in cryogenic applications and is in annealed condition the only non-magnetic steel. Martensite
These stainless steels are characterized by high strength and high wear resistance. The corrosion resistance is limited and the weldability degrades with increasing strength, i.e. increasing carbon content.
Ferrite
Ferritic stainless steels have good corrosion resistance, especially towards stress corrosion cracking. Lower carbon and nitrogen contents improve both weldability and toughness which otherwise can be limited. Duplex (Austenite-ferrite)
Duplex stainless steels have high strength, good toughness and very good corrosion resistance, especially towards stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue. These steels have also good weldability and reasonable formability.
Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards
7
Schaeffler Diagram and Microstructures
Austenite (γ -iron). Face centered cubic with 12 atom neighbours. 74% close packing.
Duplex. (Austenitic-ferrit). Wellbalanced two-phase structure with ferrite content between 30-50%.
Martensite. Undercooled, oversaturated solution of carbon in ferrite, achieved by heat treatment or cold working.
Ferrite ( α-iron) . Body centered cubic with 8 atom neighbours. 68% packing.
The Schaeffler diagram (from ASME III-1) is traditionally used to predict delta ferrite content in weld metal from chemical composition. It may also be used to characterise stainless steel microstructures (ferritic, martensitic, austenitic), and to compare the structural balance in similar grades or casts with the same processing history. Cr and Ni equivalents are slightly modified above, in line with Outokumpu Stainless’ standard, and the resulting ferrite number is designated FNA. The following empirical formulas have been derived from the diagram: FNA
= 3.34F – 2.46A – 28.6 for FNA = max. 5.9 = 4.44F – 3.39A – 38.4 for FNA = 6.0 – 11.9 = 4.06F – 3.23A – 32.2 for FNA = min. 12
The Schaeffler diagram has been revised (WRC-1992 diagram by Kotecki, Sievert). Outokumpu Stainless has complemented with SM, Solidification Mode. Grades may be considered fully austenitic for SM below –2, where: SMAF/A= F – 1.3A – 2.0 with F = Cr + Mo + 2Ti + 0.7Nb A = 35C + 20N + Ni + 0.25Cu The martensite balance is traditionally determined from the Md30 formula (Angel, Nohara), predicting the temperature (°C), at which 30% deformation gives 50% martensite. Outokumpu Stainless designates this number MNA. Grades may be considered unstable austenitic for MNA above 0, where: MNA = 551 – 462(C + N) – 9.2Si – 8.1Mn – 13.7Cr – 29(Ni + Cu) – 18.5Mo – 68Nb
8
Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards
Physical Properties Outokumpu steel name
EN
Table 8
Density ρ kg/dm3 RT
Modulus of elasticity, E GPa RT 400°C
Thermal expansion,α x 10–6 /°C, (RT →T) 100°C 400°C
Thermal conductivity, λ W/m°C RT 400°C
Thermal capacity, c J/kg°C RT
Electrical resistivity,ρ µΩm RT
0.18 0.60 0.60 0.55 0.65 0.80
,
RT
Non alloy steel 4016 4510 4021 4028 248 SV LDX 2101® SAF 2304® 2205 SAF 2507® 4310 4318
1.0345 1.4016 1.4510 1.4021 1.4028 1.4418 1.4162 1.4362 1.4462 1.4410 1.4310 1.4318
7.8 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.9
210 220 220 215 215 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
175 195 195 190 190 170 172 172 172 172 172 172
12.0 10.0 10.0 10.5 10.5 10.3 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 16.0 16.0
14.0 10.5 10.5 12.0 12.0 11.6 14.5 14.5 14.5 14.5 18.0 17.5
55 25 25 30 30 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
44 25 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 20 20 20
460 460 460 460 460 430 500 500 500 500 500 500
0.80 0.80 0.80 0.73 0.73
4372 4301 4307 4311 4541 4305 4303 4306 4567 4401 4404 4436 4432 4406 4429 4571 4435 4438 4439 904L 4529 254 SMO® 4565 654 SMO®
1.4372 1.4301 1.4307 1.4311 1.4541 1.4305 1.4303 1.4306 1.4567 1.4401 1.4404 1.4436 1.4432 1.4406 1.4429 1.4571 1.4435 1.4438 1.4439 1.4539 1.4529 1.4547 1.4565 1.4652
7.8 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.0 8.0
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 195 195 195 190 190
172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 166 166 166 165 164
16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.7 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.5 16.0 16.0 16.0 15.8 15.8 16.5 14.5 15.0
17.5 17.5 18.0 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 18.1 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 18.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 16.9 16.9 18.0 16.8 16.2
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500
0.70 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73
15 15 15 15 15 14 15 15 14 14 12 12 14 12 8.6
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 18 18 18 18
500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 450 450 500 450 500
0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.85 0.75 0.75 0.85 0.85 1.00 1.00 0.85 0.92 0.78
N N N N* N N N* N N N N N N N* N N N N N N N N N N
500°C
1000°C
500°C
1000°C
500°C
1000°C
500°C
158 158 163 158 158 163 158 160
120
18.4 18.4 18.2 18.4 18.4 18.2 18.4 16.6
20.0 20.5 19.5 20.0 20.0 19.5 20.0 18.2
21.9 21.6 21.2 20.5 20.5 21.2 19.8 18.5
28.8 27.5 29.0 27.5 27.5 29.0 27.1 26.0
530 530 580 530 530 580 530 580
0.71 0.74 0.84 0.78 0.87 0.84 0.96 1.00
N N N N N N N N
4948 4878 153 MATM 4833 4828 253 MA® 4845 353 MA®
1.4948 1.4878 1.4818 1.4833 1.4828 1.4835 1.4845 1.4854
7.9 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.8 7.9 7.9
120 120 120 120 120 130
Magnetizable: Y = Magnetizable ferritic, martensitic, duplex grades, N = Non-magnetizable austenitic grades with a typical magnetic permeability µ = 1.05 – 1.2. Small amounts of ferrite or martensite from composition or cold deformation will increase the magnetizability. Data from EN 10088 *
Magnetizable
Grades suitable for low permeability requirements, i.e., µ = max. 1.005.
Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N N
Conversion from EN to ASTM, ASME: 1 kg/dm3 = 0.361 lb/in3 1 GPa = 0.145 x 106 psi 1x10-6/°C = 0.556 in/in °F 1 W/m °C = 0.578 Btu/h ft °F 1 J/kg °C = 0.000239 Btu/lb °F Non alloy steel and Ni alloy 625 are added for comparison in Table 8 and Table 9.
Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards
Fabrication and Use Characteristics Outokumpu steel name
EN
Heat treatment 1) temperature °C
Fabrication Welding 2) consumables
Non alloy steel 4016 4510 4021 4028 248 SV
1.0345 1.4016 1.4510 1.4021 1.4028 1.4418
N A A T T T
920 ± 30 800 ± 30 800 ± 30 740 ± 40 690 ± 40 610 ± 40
P5 308L/MVR or 309L 308L/MVR or 309L 739 S 739 S 248 SV
LDX 210 SAF 2304TM 2205 SAF 2507TM 4310 4318 4372 4301 4307 4311 4541 4305 4303 4306 4567 4401 4404 4436 4432 4406 4429 4571 4435 4438 4439 904L 4529 254 SMO® 4565 654 SMO®
1.4162 1.4362 1.4462 1.4410 1.4310 1.4318 1.4372 1.4301 1.4307 1.4311 1.4541 1.4305 1.4303 1.4306 1.4567 1.4401 1.4404 1.4436 1.4432 1.4406 1.4429 1.4571 1.4435 1.4438 1.4439 1.4539 1.4529 1.4547 1.4565 1.4652
A 1000 ± 50 A 1060 ± 40 A 1080 ± 40 A 1050 ± 40 A 1060 ± 40 A 1050 ± 50 A 1050 ± 50 A 1050 ± 50 A 1050 ± 50 A 1050 ± 50 A 1050 ± 50 A 1050 ± 50 A 1050 ± 50 A 1050 ± 50 A 1070 ± 40 A 1070 ± 40 A 1070 ± 40 A 1070 ± 40 A 1070 ± 40 A 1070 ± 40 A 1070 ± 40 A 1070 ± 40 A 1110 ± 40 A 1100 ± 40 A 1100 ± 40 A 1150 ± 30 A 1180 ± 30 A 1145 ± 25 A 1180 ± 30
2205 or matching 2205 or 2304 2205 2507/P100 308L/MVR 308L/MVR 307 or 309L 308L/MVR 308L/MVR 308L/MVR 308L/MVR 308L/MVR 308L/MVR 308L/MVR 308L/MVR 316L/SKR 316L/SKR 316L/SKR 316L/SKR 316L/SKR 316L/SKR 316L/SKR 316L/SKR 317L/SNR SLR-NF 904L or P12 P12 P12 or P16 P16 P16
TM
Table 9
3)
Forming n/Ahom
Machining 4) index
0.2/20 0.2/20 0.2/20
Pressure 5) purpose
EN ASME ASME EN ASME
Use IGC 6) resistance
A Y/A Y/Y
EN 0.4/20 0.4/20 0.4/20 0.8/35 0.8/35 0.8/35 0.6/40 0.6/40 0.6/40 0.6/40 0.6/40 0.6/40 0.6/40 0.6/40 0.6/35 0.6/35 0.6/35 0.6/35 0.6/35 0.6/35 0.6/35 0.6/35 0.6/35 0.6/35 0.6/30 0.6/30 0.6/30 0.6/30 0.6/30
75/110 65/100 45/80
EN ASME EN ASME EN ASME EN
105/105 105/105 80/70 100/105
EN ASME EN ASME EN ASME EN ASME
105/105 105/105
ASME EN ASME
100/100 100/100 100/100 100/100 75/70 100/100 95/105 100/100 90/100 70/70 75/95 45/70
EN ASME EN ASME EN ASME EN ASME EN ASME EN ASME EN ASME EN ASME EN ASME EN ASME EN ASME EN EN ASME
15/40
ASME
A C C A A A A A A A A A A
Y/Y Y/Y Y/Y N/Y/Y Y/Y/-* Y/Y Y/Y Y/Y N/Y/-* Y/Y
A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C
Y/-* Y/Y Y/-* Y/Y Y/Y Y/Y Y/Y Y/Y Y/Y Y/Y Y/Y Y/Y Y/Y Y/Y Y/Y
7)
CPT °C
<5 <5 <5 <5 <5 15 50 90 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 15 15 25 25 20 25 10 25 35 50 60 90 > 95 Scaling 8) temp. °C
4948 4878 4833 4828 253 MA® 4845 353 MA®
9
1.4948 1.4878 1.4833 1.4828 1.4835 1.4845 1.4854
A 1080 ± 30 A 1070 ± 50 A 1100 ± 50 A 1100 ± 50 A 1070 ± 50 A 1100 ± 50 A 1125 ± 25
308/308H 347/MVNb 309 253 MA 253 MA 310 353 MA
1) Heat treatment temperature: A = Annealing. T = Tempering from EN 10088-2, EN 10095 (N = Normalising). 2) Welding consumables: AvestaPolarit Welding designations. 3) Cold forming characteristics: Strain-hardening exponent (n) and homogeneous elongation (A hom) in tension test. 4) Machining index: From Outokumpu Machining Guidelines, for carbide tools/high speed steel tools in relation to 4436. PRODEC® steel conditions have some 30% higher machining index. 5) Pressure purpose grades: From EN 10028-7, ASME IID and ASME Code Cases.
0.6/40 0.6/40 0.6/35 0.6/35 0.6/35 0.6/35 0.6/35
105/105 100/105 95/105 95/105 70/70 95/105 65/65
EN ASME ASME ASME ASME ASME
A A A A A A A
Y/Y/Y Y/Y/Y/Y/Y/-
850 850 1000 1000 1150 1050 1170
6) Intergranular corrosion (IGC) resistance: From EN 10088. Tested in highly acidic solution according to ISO 3651-2 Method A, B or C with Y = Yes and N = No for delivery/sensitised conditions. 7) Critical Pitting Temperature (CPT): From potentiostatic testing with the Avesta Cell method in 1M NaCl (ASTM G150). Other test conditions (ASTM G48 etc.) will give other CPT values.Pitting Resistance Equivalent PRE = Cr + 3.3Mo + 16N. 8) Scaling temperature in air (°C): Measured according to MFK 710 (Weight increase at 45 h oxidation test with 5 cycles RT-HT). * = May be multi-certified as Y/Y.
10 Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards
Ordering and Classification Principles
Table 10
Ordering concepts
Classification principles
Typical codes
MATERIAL STANDARD
Stainless steel: Iron major element. Cr min. 10.5% – Corrosion resisting grades – Heat and creep resisisting grades, for use over 550°C
EN 10088-2, EN 10028-7 EN 10095, EN 10302, EN 10028-7
Additional specification
– Customer specification – Technical approval of new material – Multi-certification of other global standard – Multi-certification of withdrawn national standard
VdTÜV WB418 ASTM A240, JIS G4304 DIN 17440, BS 1501-3, SS 2333-28
STEEL GRADE
– Ferritic – Martensitic – Precipitation hardening – Duplex – Austenitic – Multi-certification of two grades
Example, 1.4404+1.4401 (316L+316)
Special steel condition
AvestaPolarit optimised fabrication properties
See table 13 below
PRODUCT
– Flat products
P/Hot rolled plate (Quarto), H/Hot rolled strip/sheet (CPP), C/Cold rolled strip/sheet (KBR, Sendzimir), N/Cold rolled narrow strip S/Semi-finished products, B/Bar, R/Rod T/Welded and seamless tubes
– Long products – Tube, pipe – Forgings – Castings – Articles
Welding consumables, fittings, fasteners...
Product condition
EN 10088 codes for process route/surface finish
See table 13 below
Dimensions Special tolerances
Thickness x width x length EN codes for special tolerance classes
8 x 2000 x 5000 B (pressure purpose) C, D in EN 10029, S in EN 10259, F, P in EN 10258
CERTIFICATE
EN 10204 codes for inspection documents: – Notified body inspection – Manufacturers’ inspection – Third party inspection
QUALIFICATION
Some orders may require approval of the manufacturer: – Production system for pressure purpose materials – Quality system – Customer list of approved suppliers
MATERIAL DECLARATIONS – Material Safety Data Sheet – Declarations for certain branches, orders and products: Building, food, water piping etc.
Steel and Product Conditions
AD 2000 W0, EN 13445 ISO 9002 Info no 1005 Avesta Research Centre
Table 11
AvestaPolarit Special Steel Conditions
EN Product Conditions
ESR, LIC PRODEC® HyClad® HyClean® HyDraw® HyStretch® HyTens®
for improved steel cleanness for improved machinability for a decorative surface for improved cleaning properties for improved deepdrawing for improved stretchforming for improved mechanical properties
CCS® VKS®
for improved mechanical properties for improved thickness tolerances
1D 2G 1Q 2H 2E 2D 2B 2F 2R 2G 2J 2K 2M 2W 2L
Multicertification is made on request to EN/ASTM/ ASME as well as to superseded national standards
3.2 3.1 3.2
Hot rolled, heat treated, pickled Hot rolled, ground Hot rolled, quenched and tempered, pickled Work hardened Cold rolled, heat treated, mech. desc. pickl. Cold rolled, heat treated, pickled Cold rolled, heat treated, pickled, skin passed Cold rolled, heat treated, pickled, skin passed on roughened rolls Cold rolled, bright annealed Ground Brushed or dull polished Satin finish for outdoor use Patterned Profile rolled Coloured
Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards 11
Stainless Steel Material Standards – Basic EN and ASTM Documents Stainless steel – referenced standards for flat products (chemical compositions, product tolerances, typical properties)
EN 10029 EN 10051 EN 10088-1 EN 10258 EN 10259 ASTM A480 ASTM A959 ASME IID
Hot rolled steel plates. Tolerances Hot rolled steel strip. Tolerances Stainless steels. – List of stainless steels Cold rolled stainless steel narrow strip. Tolerances Cold rolled stainless steel wide strip. Tolerances General requirements for flat-rolled stainless and heat restisting steel (+ASME SA480) Harmonized standard grade compositions for wrought stainless Materials – Physical properties tables
Flat (and long) products
EN 10028-7 EN 10088-2 EN 10095 EN 10151 EN 10302 ASTM A167 ASTM A176 ASTM A240 ASTM A666 ASME IIA
Flat products for pressure purposes. – Stainless steels Stainless steels. – Sheet/plate and strip for general purposes Heat resisting steels and nickel alloys Stainless steel strip for springs Creep resisting steels, nickel and cobalt alloys Stainless and heat-resisting Cr-Ni steel plate, sheet and strip Stainless and heat-resisting Cr steel plate, sheet and strip Heat-resisting Cr and Cr-Ni stainless steel plate, sheet and strip for pressure vessels (+ASME SA240) Austenitic stainless steel sheet, strip, plate, bar for structural and architectural applications (+ASME SA666) Materials. Part A – Ferrous Material Specifications
Long products
EN 10058 EN 10060 EN 10088-3 EN 10263-5 EN 10270-3 EN 10269 EN 10272 ASTM A193 ASTM A276 ASTM A479 ASTM A484 ASTM A493 ASTM A555 ASTM A580
Hot rolled flat steel bars. Tolerances Hot rolled round steel bars. Tolerances Stainless steels. – Semi-finished products, bars, rods, sections for general purposes Steel rod, bars and wire for cold heading and extrusion. – Stainless steel Steel wire for springs. – Stainless steels Steels and nickel alloys for fasteners with specified properties at elevated or low temperatures Stainless steel bars for pressure purposes Alloy and stainless steel bolting material for high-temperature service Stainless and heat-resisting steel bars and shapes Stainless steel bars for boilers/pressure vessels (+ASME SA479) General requirements for stainless and heat-resisting steel bars, billets, forgings (+ASME SA484) Stainless and heat-resisting steel rod and wire for cold heading and forming General requirements for stainless and heat resistant steel wire and wire rod Stainless and heat-resisting steel wire
Tube and Pipe
EN 10217-7 EN 10296-2 ASTM A249 ASTM A269 ASTM A270 ASTM A312 ASTM A358 ASTM A789 ASTM A790 ASTM A928
Welded steel tubes for pressure purposes. – Stainless steels Welded steel tubes for construction purposes. – Stainless steels Welded austenitic steel boiler, superheater, heat exchanger and condenser tubes Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel tubing for general service Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel sanitary tubing Seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipe Electric fusion-welded austenitic CrNi alloy steel pipe for high temperature Seamless and welded duplex stainless steel tubing for general service Seamless and welded duplex stainless steel pipe Duplex stainless steel pipe welded with addition of filler metal
Table 12
12 Steel Grades, Properties and Global Standards
Product Properties and Test Methods Property
Table 13 Test methods
Delivery testing at RT 0.2% Proof strength 1.0% Proof strength Tensile strength Elongation1) Impact energy2) Hardness3)
Rp0.2 MPa Rp1.0 MPa Rm MPa A % KV J HRB HRC HB HV
ASTM A370, E8 – ASTM A370, E8 ASTM A370, E8 ASTM A370, E23 ASTM A370, E18 ASTM A370, E18 ASTM A370, E10 ASTM E92
283 321 578 54 162, 164, 167 = 164 82 32/14 160 160
ISO 643 MFS 211 MFS 241 ISO 4967-2 MFS 311 MFS 316 MFS 315 MFS 315 MFS 342 – – 4301/4401
ASTM E112 – ASTM E562 ASTM E45, E1122 ASTM A262-A – – – ASTM A923-A ASTM A923-B ASTM A923-C ISO 3651-2A
70 3.5 38 A0 B1.5 C1.0 D1.5 Approved (max. 1) Approved (max. B) Approved (max. 0.6) Approved (max. 0.0) Approved (max. 1) Approved (min. 54) Approved (max. 10) ASTM A262-E
> 20Cr/Mo
ISO 3651-2B
ASTM A262-E
for high-alloy for urea
ISO 3651-2C ISO 3651-1
ASTM A262-B ASTM A262-C
Approved 0.37
max. 600°C min. –196°C
EN 10002-5 EN 10002-5
ASTM E21
for < 1.5 mm
Mechanical properties at HT, LT Tensile strength at HT Rp0.2 Rp1.0 Rm Tensile strength at LT Rp0.2 Rp1.0 Rm Derivation of yield strengths for HT Test methods: Reported result:
EN 10002-1 EN 10002-1 EN 10002-1 EN 10002-1 EN 10045-1 EN 10109-1 EN 10109-1 EN 10003-1 ISO 6507-1
A5, A2” also LT conv. to HB for martensite
Microstructure characterisation Grain size4) d mm Ferrite Fm % Fa % area 5) Inclusions IC type A – D Carbides GBC index 0 – 4 Intermetallic phases GBP index A – D IM mm/mm2 IM mm/mm2 IM-A index 1 – 4 IM-B J at –40°C IM-C mmd at 25°C IGC resistance Strauss Approved Strauss Approved ”Streicher” Huey g/m2h
Ferritescope for duplex index 0 – 5 for carbides for high-alloy for high-alloy for duplex for duplex
ENV 22605-2
MFS = Outokumpu Stainless internal test method. Format of the test result which is dependent on specified requirements.
1) 2) 3) 4)
5)
Common Acronyms and Abbreviations ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers BS British Standard DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung EN Europäische Norm ISO International Organization for Standardization
Reported result
Elongation is converted according to ISO 2566-2. Impact energy with 10x10 mm test pieces: 1 KV (J) = 1.25 KCV (J/cm2). Hardness is converted according to ASTM E140. Conversion from ASTM No. to EN according to ASTM E112: 5 = 64 µm; 6 = 45 µm; 7 = 32 µm; 8 = 23 µm; 9 = 16 µm. Type A = ductile, B = brittle, C = brittle/ductile, D = undeformed. Assessment and conversion according to SS 111116. Table 14
JIS NF SS TÜV
Japanese Industrial Standard Norme Française Svensk Standard Technischer Überwachungs-Verein
RT HT LT
Room Temperature High (elevated) Temperatures Low (cryogenic) Temperatures
Information given in this brochure may be subject to alteration without notice. Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication are accurate but Outokumpu Oy and its subsidiary companies do not accept responsibility for errors or for information which is found to be misleading. Suggestions for or descriptions of the end use or application of products or methods of working are for information only and the company and its subsidiaries accept no liability in respect thereof. Before using products supplied or manufactured by the company the customer should satisfy himself of their suitability. If further assistance is required, the company, which has extensive research facilities, will often be able to help.
stainless | copper | technology
CPP KBR® VKS® CCS ® PRODEC® ESR LIC NAD
Continuously Produced Plate Cold rolled 2 m wide stainless Hot rolled with cold pass Continuously Cold Stretched PRODuction EConomy in machining Electro Slag Refining Low Inclusion Content North America Division
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1 0 4 2 E N : 2 . C e n t r u m T r y c k A B , A v e s t a , S w e d e n . J a n u a r y 2 0 0 4 .
